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B2 noun 13分で読める

境遇

jingyu

練習する例文メモとヒント境遇 30秒で

解説境遇 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 境遇 (jìngyù) yet, as it is quite advanced. However, it is helpful to know that it is a way to talk about someone's life. Think of it like the word 'situation' but specifically for a person's life story. At this stage, you would usually use simpler words like '生活' (shēnghuó - life) or '好' (hǎo - good) and '不好' (bù hǎo - not good). For example, instead of saying 'His 境遇 is bad,' an A1 learner would say '他的生活不好' (Tā de shēnghuó bù hǎo - His life is not good). The word 境遇 is made of two parts: 境 (place/state) and 遇 (to meet). So, it literally means 'the state you meet in life.' If you see this word, just remember it's talking about how someone is living and whether they are lucky or unlucky. It's a formal word, so you'll see it in books more than you'll hear it in daily greetings. Focus on learning '情况' (qíngkuàng) first, which is a much easier way to say 'situation.' But keep 境遇 in the back of your mind as a 'fancy' version of 'life situation.'

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At the A2 level, you are starting to describe people's lives in more detail. 境遇 (jìngyù) is a noun that means 'circumstances.' You might encounter it in simple stories or news snippets. At this level, you should recognize that 境遇 is used to describe if someone's life is easy or hard. For instance, if a story is about a poor boy who becomes successful, the book might mention his '艰难的境遇' (jiānnán de jìngyù - difficult circumstances). You don't need to produce this word in your own speaking yet, but you should understand it when you read it. It's almost always used with an adjective. Common adjectives you know at A2 that might go with it are '好' (good), '坏' (bad), or '不同' (different). For example: '他们的境遇不同' (Their circumstances are different). This is a great word to help you move from basic descriptions to more 'adult' or 'formal' descriptions. It helps you talk about the *reason* why someone might be sad or happy—not just that they are sad, but that their *circumstances* (境遇) are sad. Remember, it's a noun, so you use it like 'His [circumstances] are [adjective].'

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At the B1 level, you are expanding your vocabulary to include more formal and abstract terms. 境遇 (jìngyù) is an excellent word to add to your repertoire for writing essays or giving short presentations about social issues or literature. You should understand that 境遇 refers to the 'lot' or 'fate' of a person. It's more than just a temporary 'situation' (情况); it describes the broader environment someone lives in. For example, if you are talking about the environment, you use '环境' (huánjìng). But if you are talking about how a person is treated by society or their economic level, you use '境遇.' You can start using it in sentences like '我们应该同情他的境遇' (We should sympathize with his circumstances). Notice that it often appears with words related to feelings like '同情' (sympathize) or '关注' (pay attention to). At B1, you should also be able to distinguish it from '遭遇' (zāoyù). Remember that '遭遇' is usually about a specific bad event, while '境遇' is about the general state of life. If you use 境遇 in your writing, it will make your Chinese sound more mature and sophisticated. Try to pair it with adjectives like '不幸' (unfortunate) or '优越' (superior).

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At the B2 level, you are expected to use 境遇 (jìngyù) correctly and understand its subtle nuances. This is a key word for discussing complex topics like social mobility, history, and character development in novels. You should be comfortable using it as both a subject and an object. For example, '境遇可以改变一个人' (Circumstances can change a person) or '他试图改变自己的境遇' (He tried to change his circumstances). At this level, you should also recognize the word in more formal contexts, such as '社会境遇' (social circumstances) or '经济境遇' (economic circumstances). You should be able to explain the difference between 境遇 and similar words like 处境 (chǔjìng - which is usually for a specific difficult spot) and 状况 (zhuàngkuàng - which is more like a technical status). B2 learners should also notice how 境遇 is used in idioms or fixed expressions, such as '境遇迥异' (vastly different circumstances). When you analyze a text, look for how a character's 境遇 influences their actions. This word is essential for achieving a high level of literacy in Chinese, as it appears frequently in editorials, formal biographies, and classic literature. Practice using it with various adjectives to describe different life paths.

At the C1 level, you should have a nuanced command of 境遇 (jìngyù) and be able to use it to express deep philosophical or sociological insights. You should understand its historical and literary connotations, recognizing that it often carries a sense of 'destiny' or 'human condition.' In your own writing, you can use 境遇 to discuss abstract concepts, such as '人类的共同境遇' (the common lot of humanity). You should also be able to use it in complex sentence structures, such as '无论处于何种境遇，都要保持尊严' (No matter what circumstances one is in, one must maintain dignity). At this level, you can explore the use of 境遇 in classical or semi-formal prose, where it might be used to personify objects or traditions (e.g., the '境遇' of a dying language). You should also be sensitive to the emotional weight the word carries; using 境遇 instead of 情况 can signal a shift from objective reporting to empathetic analysis. Your ability to choose 境遇 over its synonyms in the right register will demonstrate your mastery of the 'feel' of the Chinese language. You should also be familiar with how this word is used in famous literary works to contrast the fates of different social classes, and be able to discuss these themes using the word accurately in academic or professional settings.

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At the C2 level, your understanding of 境遇 (jìngyù) should be near-native, encompassing its most subtle literary and philosophical applications. You should be able to use the word with precision in high-level intellectual discourse, such as debating the merits of environmental determinism versus individual agency in shaping one's 境遇. You should be familiar with its use in various historical periods of Chinese literature, from the early modern period to contemporary works, and how its usage has evolved. A C2 learner can use 境遇 to create evocative imagery or to make profound observations about the volatility of life (e.g., '感叹人生境遇的无常' - sighing at the impermanence of life's circumstances). You should also be able to identify and use rare or highly formal collocations and understand the word's role in constructing a narrative's 'moral landscape.' In professional translation or interpretation, you should be able to discern when 境遇 is the only word that captures the specific blend of 'environment,' 'fate,' and 'experience' intended by the original author. Your usage should reflect an effortless grasp of register, choosing 境遇 to add gravity and depth to your discourse on the human experience, social justice, or historical analysis. At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a tool for sophisticated expression of the complexities of existence.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

境遇 30秒で

境遇 (jìngyù) is a formal noun meaning 'circumstances' or 'lot in life,' focusing on the interaction between an individual and their environment.
It is more literary and serious than common words like '情况' (situation) and often carries a nuanced implication of fate or destiny.
The word is almost always modified by an adjective (e.g., miserable, superior, awkward) to describe the specific nature of the life state.
Commonly found in literature, news reports, and academic discussions, it is essential for expressing empathy and analyzing social conditions in Chinese.

The Chinese word 境遇 (jìngyù) is a sophisticated noun that translates to 'circumstances,' 'lot,' or 'fate' in English. It describes the specific situation or environment a person finds themselves in, particularly in relation to their luck, social standing, or the external conditions affecting their life journey. Unlike simple words for 'situation' like 情况 (qíngkuàng), 境遇 carries a deeper, more literary weight, often implying a sense of destiny or the hand that life has dealt an individual. It is frequently used when reflecting on the trajectory of a person's life or comparing the different paths people take based on their backgrounds and the opportunities available to them.

Nuance of Fate: The character 境 (jìng) refers to a boundary, territory, or state of being, while 遇 (yù) means to meet or encounter. Together, they signify the 'state' one 'encounters' in life. This suggests that 境遇 isn't just a static situation but a dynamic intersection between a person and the world around them.

虽然我们无法选择自己的出生境遇，但我们可以决定如何面对它。(Suīrán wǒmen wúfǎ xuǎnzé zìjǐ de chūshēng jìngyù, dàn wǒmen kěyǐ juédìng rúhé miànduì tā.)

Translation: Although we cannot choose the circumstances of our birth, we can decide how to face them.

In contemporary Chinese, you will encounter this word in literature, formal biographies, news reports about social inequality, and philosophical discussions. It is not a word you would typically use to describe a temporary situation like being stuck in traffic or having a bad day at the office. Instead, it refers to the broader context of one's life—poverty, wealth, political turmoil, or professional success. For example, when discussing the 境遇 of refugees, the word highlights the systemic and environmental challenges they face rather than just their immediate physical location.

Social Context: In sociological discussions, 境遇 is often paired with adjectives like '凄惨' (qīcǎn - miserable) or '优越' (yōuyuè - superior) to describe the living standards and social mobility of different classes.

他的境遇引起了社会的广泛关注。(Tā de jìngyù yǐnqǐle shèhuì de guǎngfàn guānzhù.)

Translation: His circumstances sparked widespread social concern.

Furthermore, 境遇 can be used to describe the status of inanimate objects or abstract concepts when personified or discussed in a narrative sense. For instance, the '境遇 of traditional crafts in the digital age' refers to the challenges and survival status of those crafts. This versatility allows it to bridge the gap between personal human experience and broader cultural or historical trends. When writing or speaking, remember that 境遇 often requires an adjective or a descriptive clause to provide context, as it is a neutral vessel for the specific conditions being discussed.

Emotional Resonance: The word evokes a sense of 'being placed' in a situation, which can lead to feelings of sympathy (同情) or admiration depending on how the individual handles their 境遇.

在艰苦的境遇中，他依然保持着乐观。(Zài jiānkǔ de jìngyù zhōng, tā yīrán bǎochízhe lèguān.)

Translation: In difficult circumstances, he remained optimistic.

两人的境遇截然不同，这让人感叹命运的无常。(Liǎng rén de jìngyù jiérán bùtóng, zhè ràng rén gǎntàn mìngyùn de wúcháng.)

Translation: The circumstances of the two were completely different, making one sigh at the volatility of fate.

In summary, 境遇 is a word that encapsulates the complexity of human life. It is more than just a 'state'; it is the environmental fabric that shapes a person's story. By mastering this word, you can express deep observations about life, society, and the human condition in a way that sounds natural and learned.

To use 境遇 (jìngyù) correctly, one must understand its grammatical role as a noun. It typically functions as the subject or object of a sentence, and it is almost always modified by an adjective or a possessive phrase. You wouldn't simply say 'I have 境遇'; you would say 'My 境遇 is difficult' or 'I am in a favorable 境遇.' This requirement for modification is what gives the word its descriptive power.

As a Subject: When 境遇 is the subject, it often precedes verbs that describe a state of being or an effect on the person. Common verbs include 改变 (change), 好转 (improve), or 恶化 (worsen).

他的境遇随着战争的结束而发生了翻天覆地的变化。(Tā de jìngyù suízhe zhànzhēng de jiéshù ér fāshēngle fāntiānfùdì de biànhuà.)

Translation: His circumstances underwent an earth-shaking change with the end of the war.

When using 境遇 as an object, it is frequently paired with verbs like 改善 (to improve), 面对 (to face), or 了解 (to understand). It helps to think of the word as a 'container' for someone's life conditions. For instance, 'to improve one's 境遇' (改善境遇) is a very common expression in both written and spoken Chinese when discussing self-improvement or social reform.

Common Adjectives: Adjectives that frequently describe 境遇 include: 悲惨 (miserable), 尴尬 (awkward/difficult), 优越 (superior), 相同 (same), and 迥异 (vastly different).

在这个陌生的城市，他陷入了极其尴尬的境遇。(Zài zhège mòshēng de chéngshì, tā xiànrùle jíqí gāngà de jìngyù.)

Translation: In this strange city, he fell into an extremely awkward set of circumstances.

Another important pattern is using 境遇 within a prepositional phrase, such as '在...的境遇下' (under the circumstances of...). This is a standard way to set the scene in a narrative or report. It provides the background against which an action takes place, emphasizing how the environment influenced the outcome.

Prepositional Usage: Use the structure '在 [Adjective] 的境遇中/下' to describe the context of an action.

在那种孤立无援的境遇下，他依然没有放弃希望。(Zài nàzhǒng gūlìwúyuán de jìngyù xià, tā yīrán méiyǒu fàngqì xīwàng.)

Translation: Under those isolated and helpless circumstances, he still did not give up hope.

我们应该多关注弱势群体的生活境遇。(Wǒmen yīnggāi duō guānzhù ruòshì qúntǐ de shēnghuó jìngyù.)

Translation: We should pay more attention to the living circumstances of vulnerable groups.

Finally, when comparing two people or groups, 境遇 is the perfect word to highlight the disparity in their situations. You might say '他们的境遇有天壤之别' (Their circumstances are as different as heaven and earth). This usage is common in social critique and comparative literature.

While 境遇 (jìngyù) is not a word you'll hear in every casual street conversation, it is ubiquitous in specific professional and intellectual spheres. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize when it is appropriate to use. You will most likely encounter this word in news broadcasts, literature, academic lectures, and formal documentaries. It is a staple of the 'educated' register of Mandarin Chinese.

News and Media: Journalists use 境遇 to describe the plight of individuals or groups affected by major events. Whether it's the 境遇 of workers in a specific industry or the 境遇 of people in a disaster-stricken area, the word adds a layer of seriousness and empathy to the reporting.

新闻报道详细描述了那些失业工人的生活境遇。(Xīnwén bàodào xiángxì miáoshùle nàxiē shīyè gōngrén de shēnghuó jìngyù.)

Translation: The news report described in detail the living circumstances of those unemployed workers.

In the world of literature, authors use 境遇 to build character depth. A character's 境遇 often serves as the catalyst for their growth or their downfall. By describing a protagonist's 境遇, the writer explains why they make certain choices. You'll find this word in classic 20th-century Chinese novels by authors like Lu Xun or Lao She, who were deeply concerned with the 境遇 of the common people during times of immense social change.

Academic and Formal Speeches: Professors and public speakers use 境遇 when analyzing social trends or historical figures. It is considered a more 'precise' and 'objective' term than more colloquial alternatives, making it ideal for intellectual discourse.

这位历史学家的讲座探讨了古代女性的社会境遇。(Zhè wèi lìshǐ xuéjiā de jiǎngzuò tàntǎole gǔdài nǚxìng de shèhuì jìngyù.)

Translation: This historian's lecture explored the social circumstances of ancient women.

You might also hear 境遇 in formal interviews, especially when a person is asked to reflect on their career or personal journey. For example, a successful entrepreneur might talk about their '艰难的初始境遇' (difficult initial circumstances) to emphasize how far they have come. This usage highlights the narrative quality of the word—it's not just a point in time, but part of a larger story.

Business and Management: In high-level business meetings, 境遇 might be used to describe the market conditions or the competitive landscape of a company. It suggests a comprehensive view of the challenges and opportunities facing the organization.

面对当前严峻的市场境遇，公司必须进行改革。(Miànduì dāngqián yánjùn de shìchǎng jìngyù, gōngsī bìxū jìnxíng gǎigé.)

Translation: Facing the current severe market circumstances, the company must undergo reform.

In summary, 境遇 is a word that commands respect. When you hear it, you know the topic is serious and the speaker is providing a thoughtful analysis of the situation. Whether in the pages of a novel or the script of a news report, it remains one of the most expressive ways to talk about the context of our lives.

While 境遇 (jìngyù) is a powerful word, it is easy to misuse if you aren't aware of its specific nuances and register. Because it overlaps in meaning with several other words for 'situation' or 'environment,' learners often swap them incorrectly. Here are the most common pitfalls to avoid when using 境遇.

Confusing 境遇 with 情况 (qíngkuàng): 情况 is a general word for 'situation' or 'condition' and can be used for almost anything (e.g., the weather, a health condition, a meeting). 境遇 is much more specific to a person's life circumstances or fate. You wouldn't say '天气境遇' (weather circumstances); you would say '天气情况.'

错误：我不知道现在的交通境遇。(Incorrect: I don't know the current traffic circumstances.)

Correction: Use '情况' (qíngkuàng) for temporary or physical states like traffic.

Another common mistake is confusing 境遇 with 遭遇 (zāoyù). While both involve 'encounters,' 遭遇 is almost always negative and usually refers to a specific event or a series of unfortunate incidents. 境遇 is a broader, more neutral term that describes the overall state of one's life. You '遭遇' (encounter) a robbery, but your '境遇' (circumstances) might be that you live in a dangerous neighborhood.

Register Mismatch: Using 境遇 in a very casual setting can sound overly dramatic or pretentious. If you're just telling a friend you're busy, don't say '我的境遇很忙.' Instead, use '我最近很忙' or '我的情况比较忙.'

错误：我昨天的境遇是没带雨伞。(Incorrect: My circumstances yesterday were not bringing an umbrella.)

Correction: This is too trivial for '境遇.' Use '倒霉' (dǎoméi - bad luck) or just describe the event.

A third mistake is failing to use a modifier. 境遇 is rarely used alone as a complete thought. Because it is a neutral vessel, it needs an adjective to give it meaning. Saying '他有境遇' (He has circumstances) is grammatically incomplete in spirit, even if it's technically a sentence. You must specify what *kind* of circumstances they are.

Confusing 境遇 with 环境 (huánjìng): 环境 refers to the physical or social 'environment' (like the trees, the office culture, or the climate). 境遇 refers to how that environment affects the *person's life and fate*. 环境 is external; 境遇 is the intersection of the external and the personal.

错误：我们要保护自然境遇。(Incorrect: We must protect the natural circumstances.)

Correction: Always use '环境' (huánjìng) for the natural or physical environment.

By keeping these distinctions in mind, you can avoid the awkwardness of 'over-formalizing' simple situations or using the wrong word for a complex life state. Precision in vocabulary is the hallmark of an advanced learner, and distinguishing between 境遇, 情况, and 环境 is a great step toward that goal.

To truly master 境遇 (jìngyù), you need to understand where it sits in the cluster of related Chinese terms. Chinese is rich with words that describe 'situations,' but each has a specific 'flavor' and usage context. Comparing 境遇 with its synonyms will help you choose the right word for the right moment.

境遇 vs. 处境 (chǔjìng): Both words describe a person's situation, but 处境 is almost exclusively used for difficult, dangerous, or awkward situations. 境遇 is more neutral and broad, covering both good and bad luck over a longer period. You would say '处境危险' (dangerous situation) but '境遇优越' (superior circumstances).

在被围困的城市中，他的处境非常艰难。(In the besieged city, his situation was very difficult.)

Comparison: Here '处境' focuses on the immediate difficulty, while '境遇' would focus on his general life state during the war.

Another close relative is 遭遇 (zāoyù). As mentioned before, 遭遇 focuses on the *act* of encountering something, usually something negative like a disaster or a setback. While 境遇 is the 'state' you are in, 遭遇 is the 'experience' you go through. If you '遭遇' a car accident, your '境遇' might change as a result of the injuries.

境遇 vs. 遭遇 (zāoyù): 遭遇 is often used as a verb ('to encounter'), whereas 境遇 is strictly a noun. 遭遇 emphasizes the event; 境遇 emphasizes the ongoing condition.

For more general contexts, we have 情况 (qíngkuàng) and 状况 (zhuàngkuàng). 情况 is the most common and versatile word for 'situation.' 状况 is slightly more formal and is often used for the 'status' of something, like '经济状况' (economic status) or '身体状况' (health status). 境遇 is more 'human-centric' and literary than both of these.

Comparison Table

境遇: Focus on life fate/circumstances (Formal/Literary).
处境: Focus on immediate (often bad) situation.
遭遇: Focus on an encounter/experience (usually negative).
情况: General 'situation' (Neutral/Common).
状况: 'Status' or 'condition' (Formal/Technical).

尽管两人的生活状况相似，但由于心态不同，他们的境遇感完全不同。(Although their living conditions are similar, because of their different mindsets, their sense of circumstances is completely different.)

Note: This sentence shows how '状况' refers to the objective conditions, while '境遇' refers to the broader, more subjective experience of life.

Lastly, consider 命运 (mìngyùn - fate). While 境遇 is the *circumstance* you are in, 命运 is the *force* that put you there or the ultimate destination of your life. 境遇 is what you live through; 命运 is the grand design. By understanding these subtle differences, you can express yourself with the precision of a native speaker.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

In ancient Chinese philosophy, the concept of '境' (realm) was highly spiritual, often referring to the level of enlightenment a person had reached. When combined with '遇' (encounter), it suggests that our life circumstances are a meeting between our inner state and the outer world.

発音ガイド

UK /dʒɪŋ.juː/

US /dʒɪŋ.juː/

The stress is balanced between the two syllables, though 'jìng' has a falling 4th tone and 'yù' also has a falling 4th tone.

韻が合う語

幸遇 (xìngyù) 机遇 (jīyù) 待遇 (dàiyù) 遭遇 (zāoyù) 定语 (dìngyǔ - partial) 荣誉 (róngyù) 赋予 (fùyǔ) 由于 (yóuyú - partial)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'yù' as 'yoo' (English 'you'). It should be a rounded 'ü' sound.
Confusing the tones: both are 4th tone (falling).
Merging the syllables too quickly; ensure the 'ng' in 'jìng' is distinct.
Using a soft 'j' like 'zh'; it should be a sharp 'j' sound.
Failing to round the lips for the 'u' in 'yù'.

難易度

読解 4/5

Requires recognition of formal characters and understanding of abstract concepts.

ライティング 5/5

Difficult to use naturally without sounding overly formal or misusing it as a synonym for 'situation'.

スピーキング 4/5

Rarely used in daily speech, making it hard to practice outside of formal presentations.

リスニング 4/5

Common in news and documentaries, requiring a good ear for formal vocabulary.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

环境 (environment) 遇到 (to meet) 情况 (situation) 生活 (life) 改变 (change)

次に学ぶ

处境 (situation/plight) 遭遇 (encounter) 命运 (fate) 坎坷 (rough/bumpy) 优越 (superior)

上級

时迁事移 (times change) 身世浮沉 (ups and downs of life) 造化弄人 (fate plays tricks on people) 安身立命 (settle down and get on with one's life) 沧海桑田 (great changes over time)

知っておくべき文法

The '在...下/中' Structure

在艰难的境遇下，他依然坚持学习。(Under difficult circumstances, he still insisted on studying.)

Noun Modification with '的'

悲惨的境遇 (Miserable circumstances) - Adjective + 的 + Noun.

Subject-Predicate Logic

境遇好转 (Circumstances improve) - Noun + Verb.

Prepositional Phrases as Adverbials

由于家庭境遇的原因，他放弃了学业。(Due to family circumstances, he gave up his studies.)

Parallelism in Comparisons

他们的境遇不同，想法也不同。(Their circumstances are different, and so are their thoughts.)

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レベル別の例文

他的生活境遇不好。

His life circumstances are not good.

Simple subject + noun + adjective structure.

大家的境遇都一样。

Everyone's circumstances are the same.

Using '都' (all) to describe a collective state.

我不喜欢这个境遇。

I don't like this situation.

Using '境遇' as a direct object (though formal).

他的境遇变好了。

His circumstances have become better.

Using '变' (become) to show change.

小王的境遇很奇怪。

Xiao Wang's circumstances are very strange.

Basic adjective modification.

我们的境遇很危险。

Our circumstances are very dangerous.

Describing a state of danger.

我想改变我的境遇。

I want to change my circumstances.

Using '想' (want) + verb + object.

这是一个好的境遇。

This is a good circumstance.

Using '是' (to be) to define the noun.

他在那个穷苦的境遇中长大。

He grew up in those poor circumstances.

Using '在...中' (in the middle of) structure.

不同的境遇让人们变得不同。

Different circumstances make people different.

Subject (noun phrase) + verb + object + complement.

我们同情那些境遇悲惨的人。

We sympathize with those in miserable circumstances.

Verb '同情' (sympathize) taking a noun phrase as object.

他的境遇随着工作变好了。

His circumstances improved along with his job.

Using '随着' (along with) to show correlation.

你现在的境遇怎么样？

How are your circumstances now?

Question form using '怎么样'.

这个境遇对他来说很难。

This situation is very difficult for him.

Using '对...来说' (for someone) structure.

他面临着尴尬的境遇。

He is facing an awkward situation.

Verb '面临' (to face) + noun phrase.

我们要努力改善生活境遇。

We must work hard to improve our life circumstances.

Auxiliary '要' (must) + verb '改善' (improve).

尽管他的境遇艰辛，他从未抱怨。

Despite his difficult circumstances, he never complained.

Using '尽管' (despite) for concession.

两人的境遇截然不同，结局也不同。

The circumstances of the two were completely different, and so were their endings.

Using '截然不同' (completely different) as a predicate.

社会应该关注弱势群体的境遇。

Society should pay attention to the circumstances of vulnerable groups.

Using '关注' (pay attention) with a complex noun phrase.

他在这种孤立无援的境遇下感到绝望。

He felt hopeless under these isolated and helpless circumstances.

Using '在...下' to provide background context.

他的成功很大程度上取决于他的境遇。

His success largely depends on his circumstances.

Using '取决于' (depends on) to show cause.

我们无法选择出生的境遇，但可以选择努力。

We cannot choose the circumstances of our birth, but we can choose to work hard.

Parallel structure using '无法...但可以...'.

这个故事描述了那个时代女性的境遇。

This story describes the circumstances of women in 그 era.

Using '描述' (describe) to introduce the topic.

他目前的境遇引起了大家的广泛同情。

His current circumstances have sparked widespread sympathy from everyone.

Using '引起' (cause/spark) with an abstract noun.

他在逆境中磨练意志，最终改变了境遇。

He tempered his will in adversity and finally changed his circumstances.

Serial verb construction showing process and result.

面对如此尴尬的境遇，他不知道该如何回应。

Facing such an awkward situation, he didn't know how to respond.

Present participle-like usage of '面对' (facing).

这部小说深刻揭示了底层人民的悲惨境遇。

This novel profoundly reveals the miserable circumstances of the lower classes.

Using '揭示' (reveal) for deep analytical descriptions.

即使在最艰难的境遇下，他依然保持着乐观。

Even under the most difficult circumstances, he remained optimistic.

Using '即使...依然...' (even if... still...) for emphasis.

由于家庭境遇的影响，他从小就很自立。

Due to the influence of his family circumstances, he has been independent since childhood.

Using '由于...的影响' to show causality.

他们两人的境遇有天壤之别。

The circumstances of the two of them are as different as heaven and earth.

Using the idiom '天壤之别' (world of difference).

这种境遇促使他不得不重新考虑未来的计划。

This situation forced him to reconsider his future plans.

Using '促使' (to urge/force) to show external pressure.

我们不应仅仅根据境遇来评判一个人的成就。

We should not judge a person's achievements based solely on their circumstances.

Using '根据' (based on) to set a standard.

诗人通过文字抒发了对自己坎坷境遇的感叹。

The poet expressed his lament over his own rough circumstances through words.

Using '通过...抒发' (express through) for literary analysis.

这篇文章探讨了技术变革中传统手工艺人的境遇。

This article explores the circumstances of traditional craftsmen amidst technological change.

Using '探讨' (explore/discuss) for academic topics.

在那个动荡的时代，个人的境遇往往被历史的大潮所淹没。

In that turbulent era, individual circumstances were often overwhelmed by the tide of history.

Metaphorical usage with passive voice '被...所淹没'.

他那优越的出生境遇并没有让他变得傲慢，反而更加谦逊。

His superior birth circumstances did not make him arrogant; on the contrary, they made him more humble.

Using '没有...反而...' (did not... but instead...) to show contrast.

这种尴尬的境遇，正是他长期以来优柔寡断的结果。

This awkward situation is precisely the result of his long-term indecisiveness.

Using '正是...的结果' to identify a direct cause.

我们必须正视那些被社会遗忘者的生活境遇。

We must face up to the living circumstances of those forgotten by society.

Using '正视' (to face squarely) for serious social commentary.

尽管境遇凄惨，她依然用笔记录下了生命的尊严。

Despite her miserable circumstances, she still used her pen to record the dignity of life.

Using '尽管...依然...' with powerful literary adjectives.

人类在面对自然灾害时，往往有着相似的境遇和情感。

When facing natural disasters, humans often share similar circumstances and emotions.

Using '有着相似的...' to show commonality.

个体的境遇与宏观的社会结构之间存在着深刻的互动关系。

There exists a profound interactive relationship between individual circumstances and macro-social structures.

High-level academic structure using '与...之间存在着...'.

他笔下的角色往往身处极端的境遇，以此考验人性的光辉与阴暗。

The characters under his pen are often in extreme circumstances, using this to test the brilliance and darkness of human nature.

Literary analysis using '以此' (using this as a means to).

在那个思想禁锢的年代，知识分子的境遇尤为堪忧。

In that era of intellectual confinement, the circumstances of intellectuals were particularly worrying.

Using '尤为堪忧' (especially worrying) for formal critique.

这种境遇的变迁，折射出整个国家在半个世纪里的沧桑巨变。

The change in these circumstances reflects the profound transformations of the entire country over half a century.

Metaphorical usage of '折射' (reflects/refracts).

他对于自身境遇的超然态度，令在场的所有人都感到由衷的敬佩。

His detached attitude toward his own circumstances made everyone present feel heartfelt admiration.

Using '对于...的超然态度' to describe a psychological state.

若非那场突如其来的变故，他的生活境遇或许会是另一番景象。

Had it not been for that sudden turn of events, his life circumstances might have been a different picture altogether.

Using '若非...或许会是...' for hypothetical reasoning.

这种文化境遇的缺失，导致了年轻一代对传统价值的疏离。

The lack of this cultural environment has led to the younger generation's alienation from traditional values.

Using '缺失' (lack/absence) as a noun.

他在作品中深刻地剖析了现代人在物欲横流社会中的精神境遇。

In his work, he profoundly analyzed the spiritual circumstances of modern people in a society overflowing with material desires.

Using '剖析' (analyze deeply) for philosophical critique.

よく使う組み合わせ

悲惨的境遇

优越的境遇

改善境遇

改变境遇

面对境遇

生活境遇

社会境遇

尴尬的境遇

相似的境遇

极端的境遇

よく使うフレーズ

境遇不佳

— To be in poor circumstances or having bad luck. Used to describe someone going through a rough patch.

他最近境遇不佳，需要朋友的帮助。

身处境遇

— To find oneself in a certain situation. Often used to set the scene for a narrative.

身处如此境遇，他感到非常无奈。

同情其境遇

— To sympathize with someone's circumstances. A very formal way to express empathy.

听了他的故事，大家都十分同情其境遇。

境遇相同

— To have the same circumstances. Used when comparing two people's lives.

我们两人的境遇相同，所以很理解彼此。

摆脱境遇

— To break free from a specific (usually negative) circumstance.

他一直想摆脱这种贫困的境遇。

感叹境遇

— To sigh or lament over one's circumstances. Reflects a sense of helplessness or reflection.

他常常感叹自己的境遇不如意。

处于...境遇

— To be in a state of... Standard structure for describing someone's condition.

公司目前处于极其困难的境遇。

境遇迥异

— To have vastly different circumstances. Often used in literary or news comparisons.

这两位作家的晚年境遇迥异。

特殊的境遇

— Special or unique circumstances. Used to explain why someone gets special treatment or makes a rare choice.

由于特殊的境遇，他得到了大家的照顾。

历史境遇

— Historical circumstances. Used in history books to explain the context of an era.

我们不能脱离历史境遇去评价古人。

よく混同される語

境遇 vs 处境

处境 is usually for immediate, difficult situations. 境遇 is for general life circumstances.

境遇 vs 遭遇

遭遇 refers to a specific (usually bad) event. 境遇 is the ongoing state of life.

境遇 vs 环境

环境 is the physical surroundings. 境遇 is how those surroundings affect a person's life.

慣用句と表現

"随遇而安"

— To feel at home wherever one is; to be content with one's lot. While not using the word '境遇' directly, it uses the root '遇' (encounter) and is the philosophical answer to one's 境遇.

他是一个随遇而安的人，无论在哪儿都能过得很好。

Common/Idiomatic

"生不逢时"

— Born at the wrong time. Describes a person whose 境遇 is bad because the era they live in doesn't suit their talents.

他才华横溢却生不逢时，真令人惋惜。

Literary

"同病相怜"

— Fellow sufferers sympathize with each other. Used when two people with the same bad 境遇 feel for each other.

他们两人都有相似的境遇，真是同病相怜。

Common

"时来运转"

— Luck turns in one's favor. Describes a change from a bad 境遇 to a good one.

经过多年的努力，他终于时来运转，事业有成。

Common

"怀才不遇"

— To have talent but no opportunity. Describes the 境遇 of a talented person who isn't recognized.

很多古代诗人都有怀才不遇的感慨。

Literary

"同舟共济"

— To cross a river in the same boat; to help each other in times of trouble. Used when people share a difficult 境遇.

在困难面前，我们要同舟共济，共渡难关。

Common

"天有不测风云"

— Unexpected storms may blow up in the sky. Used to describe how a person's 境遇 can change suddenly and for the worse.

天有不测风云，谁也没想到他的境遇会突然变差。

Common

"患难与共"

— To share trials and tribulations. Describes friends who stay together regardless of their 境遇.

他们是患难与共的好兄弟。

Common

"否极泰来"

— Out of the depth of misfortune comes bliss. Describes the cycle of 境遇 from worst to best.

别灰心，否极泰来，你的境遇一定会好转的。

Literary

"各安天命"

— Each person accepts their fate. A philosophical stance toward one's 境遇.

事已至此，大家只能各安天命了。

Literary

間違えやすい

境遇 vs 情况

Both mean 'situation.'

情况 is general and can apply to objects or events. 境遇 is specific to people and their life fate.

现在的交通情况(情况)很复杂，但他的生活境遇(境遇)更复杂。

境遇 vs 状况

Both describe a 'state.'

状况 is more like a 'status report' (health, finance). 境遇 is more narrative and emotional.

经济状况(状况)不好导致了他的悲惨境遇(境遇)。

境遇 vs 机遇

Both contain '遇.'

机遇 means 'opportunity' or 'chance.' 境遇 means 'circumstances.' One is a chance to change; the other is the current state.

他在困难的境遇(境遇)中抓住了一个宝贵的机遇(机遇)。

境遇 vs 遭遇

Both relate to 'encounters.'

遭遇 is usually a verb or a noun for a bad experience. 境遇 is always a noun for a life state.

他遭遇(遭遇-verb)了火灾，这让他的境遇(境遇-noun)变得很惨。

境遇 vs 身世

Both describe a person's life.

身世 focuses on one's background and family origin. 境遇 focuses on current and ongoing life conditions.

他的身世(身世)是个谜，但他的境遇(境遇)大家都看得见。

文型パターン

A 的境遇很 B。

他的境遇很不幸。(His circumstances are very unfortunate.)

在 A 的境遇中，B...

在贫困的境遇中，他学会了坚强。(In poor circumstances, he learned to be strong.)

由于 A 的境遇，B...

由于特殊的境遇，他比同龄人更成熟。(Due to unique circumstances, he is more mature than his peers.)

A 试图改变 B 的境遇。

政府正试图改变偏远地区儿童的教育境遇。(The government is trying to change the educational circumstances of children in remote areas.)

A 引起了社会对 B 境遇的关注。

这部纪录片引起了社会对流浪者境遇的关注。(This documentary sparked social concern for the circumstances of the homeless.)

A 与 B 的境遇截然不同。

城市与农村儿童的成长境遇截然不同。(The growth circumstances of urban and rural children are completely different.)

A 折射出 B 的历史境遇。

这些老照片折射出那个时代普通人的历史境遇。(These old photos reflect the historical circumstances of ordinary people in 그 era.)

无论处于何种境遇，都要 A。

无论处于何种境遇，都要保持对生活的热爱。(No matter what circumstances one is in, one must maintain a love for life.)

語族

名詞

境遇

境界 (state/realm)

环境 (environment)

边境 (border)

遇合 (encounter/luck)

動詞

遇到 (to encounter)

遇见 (to meet)

遇害 (to be murdered)

遇难 (to die in an accident)

形容詞

境外的 (overseas)

遇险的 (in danger)

使い方

frequency

Common in written Chinese, academic texts, and formal media; rare in daily spoken Mandarin.

よくある間違い

Using 境遇 for weather or objects. → 使用'情况' (qíngkuàng).
境遇 is specifically for human life circumstances. You cannot have 'weather circumstances' (天气境遇).
Using 境遇 as a verb. → 使用'遇到' (yùdào) or '遭遇' (zāoyù).
境遇 is a noun. You cannot '境遇 a problem'; you '遇到' a problem.
Using 境遇 in casual greetings. → 使用'最近怎么样？' (Zuìjìn zěnmeyàng?)
Asking '你的境遇怎么样？' to a friend sounds like you're writing a biography of them. It's too formal.
Confusing 境遇 with 遭遇 when describing a specific accident. → 使用'遭遇' (zāoyù).
境遇 is a general state. An accident is a '遭遇' (encounter).
Failing to use an adjective with 境遇. → 添加形容词 (e.g., 艰苦的境遇).
Because 境遇 is neutral, it usually needs a descriptive word to make sense in a sentence.

ヒント

Pair with Modifiers

Always use an adjective with 境遇. Just saying 'He has 境遇' sounds incomplete. Say 'He has *difficult* 境遇.'

Formal Only

Keep this word for writing, formal speeches, or serious discussions. It's too heavy for casual chat.

境遇 vs. 处境

Use 处境 for a 'tight spot' and 境遇 for a 'life path.' This distinction marks an advanced speaker.

Prepositional Use

The phrase '在...的境遇下' is a standard way to start a sentence describing a person's reaction to their life.

Literary Flair

Using 境遇 instead of 情况 in an essay immediately raises your formal writing score.

News Keyword

When you hear 境遇 on the news, pay attention—it's usually a story about social justice or personal struggle.

Tone Mastery

Both characters in 境遇 are 4th tone. Practice them as two distinct downward strikes to sound natural.

Empathy

Using this word shows you understand the deeper factors (fate, society) affecting a person, not just their current mood.

Meet your Realm

Remember: 境 (Realm) + 遇 (Meet). Your 境遇 is the realm you meet in this life.

Check the Subject

Ensure the subject of your sentence is a person or a group of people when using 境遇.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Imagine you are at the 'border' (境 - jìng) of a new land and you 'meet' (遇 - yù) a stranger who tells you your fate. That 'meeting at the border' is your 'life circumstance' (境遇).

視覚的連想

Visualize a person standing at a crossroads where the ground on one side is lush and green, and the other is dry and cracked. The 'spot' where they stand represents their 境遇.

Word Web

境 (jìng) -> 环境 (environment) 境 (jìng) -> 境界 (realm) 境 (jìng) -> 出境 (leave country) 遇 (yù) -> 遇见 (meet) 遇 (yù) -> 机遇 (opportunity) 遇 (yù) -> 待遇 (treatment) 遇 (yù) -> 遭遇 (encounter) 遇 (yù) -> 邂逅 (chance encounter)

チャレンジ

Try to write three sentences using 境遇 to describe three different famous people (e.g., a scientist, a refugee, and a king).

語源

The word 境遇 is a compound of two ancient Chinese characters. 境 (jìng) originally referred to the boundaries of a piece of land or territory. Over time, its meaning expanded to include a 'state of being' or 'realm.' 遇 (yù) has always meant to meet or encounter, often with an element of chance or fate. The combination appears in classical texts to describe the intersection of a person's life and their surroundings.

元の意味： To encounter a specific territory or state; the conditions one meets in life.

Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic)

文化的な背景

When discussing someone's 境遇, especially if it is '悲惨' (miserable), ensure you use an empathetic tone to avoid sounding cold or judgmental.

English speakers might use 'lot in life' or 'circumstances,' but 境遇 feels more formal, similar to 'the human condition' in academic settings.

Lu Xun's short stories often focus on the '境遇' of the lower classes in early 20th-century China. The classic novel 'Dream of the Red Chamber' explores the changing '境遇' of a wealthy family as it declines. Contemporary Chinese movies like 'To Live' (活着) are essentially long meditations on a family's '境遇' through history.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Literature and Biographies

描写...的境遇
坎坷的境遇
感叹自身境遇
改变一生的境遇

Social Issues and News

关注弱势群体的境遇
改善生活境遇
严峻的生存境遇
反映社会境遇

Psychology and Self-Reflection

面对困难的境遇
超越当前的境遇
心态决定境遇
摆脱心理境遇

History and Academic Lectures

分析历史境遇
时代的境遇
文化境遇的变迁
个体的境遇

Formal Interviews/Business

初始的境遇
职业境遇
市场境遇
处于不利的境遇

会話のきっかけ

"你觉得一个人的成功更多是靠努力还是靠他的出生境遇？ (Do you think a person's success depends more on effort or their circumstances of birth?)"

"在面对尴尬的境遇时，你通常会怎么处理？ (How do you usually handle it when facing an awkward situation?)"

"你认为现在的年轻人面临着怎样的社会境遇？ (What kind of social circumstances do you think young people are facing now?)"

"有没有哪本书或电影让你对某种人的境遇产生了深刻的同情？ (Is there a book or movie that made you feel deep sympathy for someone's circumstances?)"

"如果我们能选择自己的初始境遇，你会选择什么样的生活？ (If we could choose our initial circumstances, what kind of life would you choose?)"

日記のテーマ

写一段话描写一个你曾经身处的尴尬境遇，以及你是如何化解的。 (Write a paragraph describing an awkward situation you were once in and how you resolved it.)

反思一下你目前的境遇。有哪些方面是你满意的，哪些是你想改变的？ (Reflect on your current circumstances. Which aspects are you satisfied with, and which would you like to change?)

探讨一下教育在改变一个人境遇中的作用。 (Discuss the role of education in changing a person's circumstances.)

如果你是一个历史学家，你会如何向后人描述我们这个时代的社会境遇？ (If you were a historian, how would you describe the social circumstances of our era to future generations?)

描述一个你敬佩的人，并谈谈他们的境遇是如何塑造了他们的性格。 (Describe someone you admire and discuss how their circumstances shaped their character.)

よくある質問

10 問

No, 境遇 is a neutral word. While it is often paired with negative adjectives like '悲惨' (miserable), it can also be used with positive ones like '优越' (superior) or '顺利' (smooth). It simply describes the conditions one is in.

Yes, in formal business contexts, you can use 境遇 to describe the market or competitive environment facing a company, though '处境' or '状况' are also common.

处境 (chǔjìng) usually implies a difficult or awkward spot that requires immediate action. 境遇 (jìngyù) is broader and refers to the overall state of one's life or fate.

You can say '改善境遇' (gǎishàn jìngyù). This is a very common and formal way to express the idea of making one's life conditions better.

No, 境遇 is strictly a noun. If you want a verb meaning 'to encounter,' use '遇到' (yùdào) or '遭遇' (zāoyù).

Not really. It is a formal word. In daily life, people use '情况' (qíngkuàng) or '日子' (rìzi). You'll hear 境遇 in news, speeches, or serious discussions.

No. Use '情况' (qíngkuàng) or '天气' (tiānqì). 境遇 is reserved for the life conditions of people or personified entities.

Common adjectives include 悲惨 (miserable), 优越 (superior), 尴尬 (awkward), 相同 (same), 不同 (different), and 艰辛 (hard).

Yes, '环境' (huánjìng) is the physical or social environment. 境遇 is specifically how that environment manifests as a person's life situation.

Use it to analyze the background of a character or a social group. For example: '通过分析其社会境遇，我们可以理解他的选择。' (By analyzing his social circumstances, we can understand his choices.)

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