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A2 verb 8分で読める

减退

jian tui

練習する例文メモとヒント减退 30秒で

解説减退 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that '减退' (jiǎntuì) means something is getting 'less' or 'lower' in a natural way. You might see it in simple health contexts. For example, if you are sick, your fever might '减退' (go down). It is formed by '减' (minus/reduce) and '退' (back/retreat). Think of it like a fever 'retreating' from your body. At this stage, just recognize it as a formal way to say something is decreasing. You don't need to use it in complex sentences yet. Just remember it often refers to things like health or feelings. It is a 'state' word—it describes what is happening to a subject, like 'the fever is declining.'

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At the A2 level, you should start using '减退' to describe common physical and emotional changes. It's a great word for talking about getting older or getting sick. You can use it with '视力' (shìlì - vision) or '听力' (tīnglì - hearing). For example, '他的视力减退了' (His vision has declined). You should also notice how it is different from '减少' (jiǎnshǎo). While '减少' is for counting things (like 'fewer people'), '减退' is for the strength of something (like 'weaker memory'). Try to use it when you want to sound more precise about changes in quality rather than just quantity.

By B1, you should be comfortable using '减退' in both medical and social contexts. You can use it to describe abstract things like '热情' (rèqíng - enthusiasm) or '兴趣' (xìngqù - interest). It's very common in the pattern '...有所减退' (has declined to some extent). This level requires you to understand that '减退' is usually an intransitive verb, meaning it doesn't take a direct object. You wouldn't say 'he declined his interest,' but rather 'his interest declined.' This is a key grammatical point. You will also start hearing this word in news reports about the economy or social trends, such as 'consumption desire' (消费欲望) declining.

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At the B2 level, '减退' becomes a tool for professional and academic expression. You should use it to describe complex trends in business, science, or psychology. It is frequently used to describe the waning of influence, the cooling of markets, or the degradation of biological systems. You should be able to distinguish '减退' from '衰退' (shuāituì - recession/decay) and '减弱' (jiǎnruò - weaken). For instance, '减退' is perfect for a slow decline in memory, while '衰退' might be used for a severe economic crash. You should also be able to use adverbs like '大幅度' (dà fúdù - by a large margin) or '逐渐' (zhújiàn - gradually) to modify the speed of the decline.

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At the C1 level, you should master the nuanced, almost literary applications of '减退'. It can describe the fading of colors, the cooling of historical movements, or the gradual loss of a person's mental faculties in a very precise way. You should understand its use in formal documents, such as legal or medical assessments (e.g., '民事行为能力减退' - diminished capacity for civil conduct). At this stage, your usage should be impeccable, ensuring that the subject of '减退' is always an abstract quality, a sensory function, or a natural force. You should also recognize it in metaphorical contexts, such as the waning of a specific cultural influence over a region.

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At the C2 level, you use '减退' with the precision of a native professional. You understand its historical roots and how it contrasts with archaic or highly specialized synonyms like '亏蚀' (kuīshí) or '凋萎' (diāowěi). You can use '减退' to discuss philosophical concepts, such as the '减退' of modern man's spiritual connection to nature, or in highly technical medical papers describing 'pathological decline.' You are sensitive to the word's prosody and how it fits into formal balanced sentences (parallelism). Your ability to use '减退' allows you to discuss the most subtle shifts in human condition, economic cycles, and natural phenomena with absolute clarity and appropriate formality.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

减退 30秒で

减退 (jiǎntuì) is a formal verb meaning 'to decline' or 'to diminish' in intensity or quality.
It is most commonly used for medical symptoms (vision, hearing) and abstract feelings (enthusiasm, interest).
Unlike 减少, it focuses on 'how strong' rather than 'how many,' describing a fading process.
It is typically used as an intransitive verb, following the noun it describes (e.g., 视力减退).

The Chinese verb 减退 (jiǎntuì) is a versatile and essential term used to describe the gradual lessening, weakening, or receding of a quality, ability, or phenomenon. At its core, it combines two powerful characters: 减 (jiǎn), meaning to subtract or reduce, and 退 (tuì), meaning to retreat or move backward. Together, they form a concept that isn't just about a simple numerical decrease, but rather a decline in intensity or functional capacity. You will frequently encounter this word in contexts related to health, economics, and emotions. For instance, when a doctor discusses a patient's declining vision or hearing, they will almost certainly use 减退. Similarly, in a business report, if consumer demand is cooling off, this is the word of choice. It carries a slightly formal tone, making it perfect for professional settings, medical reports, and news broadcasts, yet it remains common enough in daily life to describe one's fading interest in a hobby or the waning heat of a summer afternoon.

Medical Context: Used to describe the loss of sensory functions or cognitive abilities, such as 视力减退 (declining vision) or 记忆力减退 (declining memory).

随着年龄的增长，他的听力逐渐减退了。 (As he aged, his hearing gradually declined.)

Economic/Social Context: Describes a drop in demand, enthusiasm, or market activity, such as 消费欲望减退 (reduced desire to consume).

市场对这种产品的需求正在减退。 (Market demand for this product is diminishing.)

Emotional Context: Used when feelings or passions start to fade, such as 热情减退 (fading enthusiasm).

由于长期加班，他对工作的热情有所减退。 (Due to long-term overtime, his enthusiasm for work has somewhat diminished.)

病人的烧已经开始减退了。 (The patient's fever has started to subside.)

Understanding 减退 allows you to express subtle changes in state. It is not just about 'less,' it's about the 'fading away' of a state. Whether you are describing a biological function, a psychological state, or a socioeconomic trend, this word provides the precision needed for high-level communication. It suggests a trajectory—a downward path that might be reversible or might be an inevitable part of a cycle, such as the natural aging process or the cooling of a market after a boom. In literature, it can even take on a poetic quality, describing the fading light of dusk or the cooling of a long-held grudge.

Using 减退 (jiǎntuì) correctly requires understanding its grammatical role as an intransitive verb that often functions as a predicate. It typically follows a noun that represents an abstract quality, a physical sense, or a force. The structure is usually [Subject] + [Adverb] + 减退. Common adverbs used with it include 逐渐 (zhújiàn - gradually), 明显 (míngxiǎn - obviously), and 有所 (yǒusuǒ - to some extent). Because it describes a change in state, it is frequently paired with the particle 了 (le) to indicate that the decline has already begun or has occurred.

Pattern 1: Biological Decline: Physical Attribute + 减退. This is the most common usage in medical or health-related discussions.

老人的记忆力明显减退了。 (The elderly person's memory has clearly declined.)

Pattern 2: Emotional/Psychological Waning: Feeling/Interest + 减退. Used to describe losing interest or passion over time.

由于缺乏挑战，他对这份工作的兴趣逐渐减退。 (Due to a lack of challenge, his interest in this job is gradually diminishing.)

Pattern 3: External Phenomena: Natural Force/Disease + 减退. Used for things like fever, wind, or light.

风力在午后开始减退。 (The wind force began to diminish in the afternoon.)

When writing, remember that 减退 sounds more professional than 变小 (biàn xiǎo) or 变弱 (biàn ruò). It implies a process of 'retreating.' In academic or clinical writing, it is almost always preferred over more colloquial alternatives. To add nuance, you can use the structure 导致...减退 (dǎozhì...jiǎntuì) meaning 'lead to the decline of...' This allows you to explain causes and effects clearly. For example, '长期熬夜会导致免疫力减退' (Staying up late long-term leads to a decline in immunity). This structure is a staple in health advice and scientific reporting.

In a real-world Chinese-speaking environment, you will encounter 减退 (jiǎntuì) in several specific and important domains. Understanding these contexts helps you recognize the word's 'flavor' and use it naturally. It is a word that bridges the gap between everyday concerns and technical analysis.

At the Hospital or Clinic: This is arguably the most common place to hear the word. Doctors use it to describe symptoms. If you go for an eye exam, the optometrist might say your '视力减退' (vision is declining). If you're discussing an elderly relative, the doctor might mention '功能减退' (functional decline).

医生，我最近感觉听力有些减退。 (Doctor, I feel like my hearing has declined a bit lately.)

In Financial News: Economists and news anchors use 减退 to describe market trends. You'll hear phrases like '经济增长减退' (decline in economic growth) or '投资意愿减退' (diminished willingness to invest). It sounds more objective and analytical than simply saying things are 'getting worse.'

In Workplace Performance Reviews: Managers might use it to gently describe a drop in an employee's performance or focus. Instead of saying someone is 'lazy,' they might say their '工作积极性减退' (work enthusiasm has diminished).

由于市场竞争激烈，该公司的利润出现了明显的减退。 (Due to fierce market competition, the company's profits showed a clear decline.)

Basically, whenever a Chinese speaker wants to describe a 'fading away' or a 'reduction in force' without sounding too blunt or overly simple, they reach for 减退. It conveys a sense of observation—watching a process unfold. Whether it's the '减退' of a fever, the '减退' of a trend, or the '减退' of a physical sense, the word provides a clear picture of something moving away from its peak.

While 减退 (jiǎntuì) is a useful word, learners often confuse it with other 'decrease' words. The most common error is using it as a transitive verb or applying it to concrete objects where 'quantity' is the main focus.

Mistake 1: Confusing with 减少 (jiǎnshǎo): '减少' is for quantities (numbers, volume). '减退' is for intensity, quality, or power. You can '减少人数' (reduce the number of people), but you '减退热情' (fading enthusiasm).

Incorrect: 苹果的数量减退了。 (The number of apples declined.)
Correct: 苹果的数量减少了。

Mistake 2: Word Order Issues: Learners often try to put the object after '减退'. In Chinese, '减退' usually acts as the verb describing what the subject is doing. It doesn't 'decline something'; something 'declines'.

Incorrect: 这种药减退了我的头痛。 (This medicine declined my headache.)
Correct: 吃了这种药后，我的头痛减退了。

Mistake 3: Confusing with 衰退 (shuāituì): '衰退' is a much stronger word, often meaning 'recession' or 'decay'. '减退' is a general lessening. For a national economy, '衰退' is a serious crisis; '减退' might just be a slow season.

虽然热情有所减退，但并没有完全消失。 (Although enthusiasm has diminished, it hasn't completely disappeared.)

To avoid these pitfalls, always ask yourself: 'Am I talking about how many/how much (减少) or how strong/how intense (减退)?' If it is about intensity or a biological function, 减退 is your friend. Also, pay attention to the 'retreat' aspect of the character 退. If something is backing away from its peak, 减退 is the perfect descriptor.

To truly master 减退 (jiǎntuì), you should understand how it sits within a family of words that describe 'going down' or 'getting weaker.' Each has a specific nuance that changes the tone of your sentence.

减少 (jiǎnshǎo): The most common word for 'decrease.' It is used for numbers, amounts, and physical quantities. Example: 减少开支 (reduce expenses).

衰退 (shuāituì): A stronger, more formal word often used for economic recessions or the serious decline of a civilization or a person's vital powers. It implies a state of failing. Example: 经济衰退 (economic recession).

下降 (xiàjiàng): Literally 'to drop' or 'to descend.' Used for temperatures, prices, and levels. Example: 气温下降 (temperature drop).

减弱 (jiǎnruò): Very similar to '减退', but specifically emphasizes 'weakening.' Used for light, wind, or signals. Example: 信号减弱 (signal weakening).

消退 (xiāotuì): Focuses on the 'disappearing' or 'fading away' aspect. Often used for swelling, redness, or floods. Example: 洪水消退 (floodwaters receding).

Choosing the right word depends on what is 'declining.' If it's a sensory ability or a psychological state, 减退 is usually the most precise. If it's a physical force, 减弱 might be better. If it's a numeric value, stick with 下降 or 减少. By distinguishing these, you move from basic fluency to a more sophisticated, native-like command of the Chinese language.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The character '退' (tuì) contains the 'walking' radical (辶), which is why it often implies a physical or metaphorical movement away from a position.

発音ガイド

UK dʒjɛn tʰweɪ

US dʒjɛn tweɪ

The stress is balanced, but the second syllable 'tui' (fourth tone) has a falling, sharp emphasis.

韻が合う語

退 (tuì) rhymes with: 对 (duì), 贵 (guì), 睡 (shuì), 累 (lèi - similar), 嘴 (zuǐ), 碎 (suì), 催 (cuī), 脆 (cuì)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'tui' like the English 'too-ee'. It should be a single syllable 'tway'.
Using the wrong tone for 'jian' (third tone - low dipping) or 'tui' (fourth tone - falling).

難易度

読解 3/5

The characters are relatively common in formal texts and newspapers.

ライティング 4/5

Writing '减' and '退' requires attention to stroke order and radicals.

スピーキング 2/5

Easy to pronounce if you master the 'ui' vowel sound.

リスニング 3/5

Must distinguish from similar sounding words like '减少'.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

减少 (jiǎnshǎo) 退 (tuì) 能力 (nénglì) 兴趣 (xìngqù) 身体 (shēntǐ)

次に学ぶ

衰退 (shuāituì) 消退 (xiāotuì) 衰落 (shuāiluò) 崩溃 (bēngkuì) 恶化 (èhuà)

上級

萎缩 (wěisuō) 凋萎 (diāowěi) 衰竭 (shuāijié) 颓势 (tuíshì)

知っておくべき文法

The Change-of-State 'le' (了)

他的视力减退了。 (Indicating that the decline has happened or started.)

Adverbial Modification

他的听力‘逐渐’减退。 (Adverbs like 逐渐, 慢慢, 迅速 usually precede the verb.)

Intransitive Usage

You cannot say '减退记忆力'. It must be '记忆力减退'.

Resultative Complement (indirect)

导致了功能的减退 (Caused the decline of functions - here it acts as a noun phrase).

Degree Adverbs

减退得很快 (Declined very quickly - using 'de' to describe the degree of the verb).

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レベル別の例文

他的烧减退了。

His fever has gone down.

Subject + 减退 + 了 (indicates change of state).

雨势减退了。

The rain has weakened.

Describes natural phenomena weakening.

风力减退了。

The wind force has diminished.

Used for natural forces.

药效减退了。

The medicine's effect has worn off.

Subject is the 'effect' of the medicine.

热度减退了。

The heat has subsided.

Can refer to temperature or metaphorical 'heat'.

声音减退了。

The sound faded.

Describes sound losing intensity.

光线减退了。

The light faded.

Describes light getting dimmer.

病痛减退了。

The pain has lessened.

Subject is the feeling of pain.

奶奶的听力减退了。

Grandma's hearing has declined.

Commonly used for sensory decline in aging.

我的视力正在减退。

My vision is declining.

Progressive aspect with '正在'.

他对玩游戏的兴趣减退了。

His interest in playing games has diminished.

Subject is 'interest' (兴趣).

运动后，他的疲劳感减退了。

After exercising, his sense of fatigue diminished.

Follows a noun describing a feeling (疲劳感).

这种药能让疼痛减退。

This medicine can make the pain subside.

Used with '让' in a causative structure.

他的食欲有些减退。

His appetite has declined somewhat.

Subject is 'appetite' (食欲).

天气热，人们的学习热情减退了。

The weather is hot, so people's enthusiasm for learning has diminished.

Describes emotional energy.

随着时间流逝，他的记忆力减退了。

As time passed, his memory declined.

Often paired with '随着...' (along with).

由于市场变化，这种产品的需求量减退了。

Due to market changes, the demand for this product has diminished.

Used for economic demand.

长期不练习，他的技术水平有所减退。

Due to a long period without practice, his skill level has declined to some extent.

Uses '有所' to mean 'to some degree'.

医生说他的心脏功能正在减退。

The doctor says his heart function is declining.

Used for organ function in medical contexts.

随着年龄增长，人的免疫力会逐渐减退。

As age increases, a person's immunity will gradually decline.

Describes a natural biological process.

由于竞争激烈，该品牌的吸引力减退了。

Due to fierce competition, the brand's appeal has diminished.

Subject is an abstract quality like 'appeal'.

新政策实施后，人们的购房意愿减退了。

After the new policy was implemented, people's willingness to buy houses diminished.

Subject is 'willingness' (意愿).

这种情绪在几天后慢慢减退了。

This emotion slowly faded away after a few days.

Modified by the adverb '慢慢' (slowly).

他的影响力在公司内部逐渐减退。

His influence within the company is gradually diminishing.

Describes abstract social power.

全球经济增长的动力似乎正在减退。

The momentum of global economic growth seems to be diminishing.

Used for abstract concepts like 'momentum' (动力).

该地区的消费能力因失业率上升而减退。

The spending power of the region has declined due to rising unemployment.

Subject is 'spending power' (消费能力).

视网膜病变会导致视力急剧减退。

Retinal disease can lead to a sharp decline in vision.

Used in formal medical explanations.

如果不能持续创新，企业的核心竞争力就会减退。

If a company cannot innovate continuously, its core competitiveness will diminish.

Used in business strategy contexts.

调查显示，年轻人对传统节日的兴趣有所减退。

Surveys show that young people's interest in traditional festivals has diminished somewhat.

Describes sociological trends.

药物的副作用随着剂量的减少而减退。

The side effects of the drug diminish as the dosage is reduced.

Correlation expressed with '随着...而...'.

这种抗生素的药效因为细菌耐药性而减退。

The effectiveness of this antibiotic has diminished due to bacterial resistance.

Technical scientific context.

在长期压力下，他的认知能力出现了减退。

Under long-term stress, his cognitive abilities showed a decline.

Noun phrase '出现了减退' (a decline appeared).

随着城市化进程，该地区的文化特色正在减退。

With the process of urbanization, the cultural characteristics of the region are diminishing.

Used for complex societal transformations.

法律规定，精神状况减退者可能享有部分刑事责任豁免。

The law stipulates that those with diminished mental status may enjoy partial exemption from criminal responsibility.

Legal terminology for 'diminished capacity'.

这种传统工艺的社会功能在现代生活中逐渐减退。

The social function of this traditional craft is gradually diminishing in modern life.

Describes the loss of utility in a sociological context.

由于缺乏维护，该建筑的历史韵味大为减退。

Due to a lack of maintenance, the historical charm of the building has greatly diminished.

Describes the loss of an aesthetic quality (韵味).

他的文学创作热情在晚年并未减退，反而更加高涨。

His passion for literary creation did not diminish in his later years; on the contrary, it soared.

Used in a contrastive sentence structure.

该学说在学术界的支配地位已逐渐减退。

The dominant position of this theory in academia has gradually diminished.

Describes a shift in intellectual influence.

随着经济全球化，某些国家的主权意识有所减退。

With economic globalization, the sense of sovereignty in some countries has diminished to some extent.

High-level political discourse.

由于长期干旱，这片土地的生产力严重减退。

Due to long-term drought, the productivity of this land has severely declined.

Subject is 'productivity' (生产力).

这种审美的普适性随着文化多元化的兴起而逐渐减退。

The universality of this aesthetic has gradually diminished with the rise of cultural pluralism.

Philosophical and aesthetic analysis.

他在作品中探讨了人类对于自然敬畏之心的减退。

In his works, he explores the diminishing of humanity's sense of awe toward nature.

Substantive use of the word in a literary critique.

这种化学反应的速率随催化剂活性的减退而变慢。

The rate of this chemical reaction slows down as the activity of the catalyst diminishes.

Highly technical scientific description.

由于信息爆炸，人们对深度阅读的耐心正呈现出减退的趋势。

Due to the information explosion, people's patience for deep reading is showing a diminishing trend.

Complex noun phrase '呈现出减退的趋势'.

该地区的生物多样性减退是生态系统失衡的直接后果。

The decline of biodiversity in this region is a direct consequence of ecosystem imbalance.

Scientific/Ecological discourse.

这种权力的合法性在公众眼中已因丑闻而大幅减退。

The legitimacy of this power has greatly diminished in the eyes of the public due to scandals.

Political science context.

随着数字时代的到来，传统的书信礼仪在日常生活中已然减退。

With the arrival of the digital age, traditional letter-writing etiquette has already diminished in daily life.

Sociocultural observation.

该物种的繁殖能力减退预示着其可能面临灭绝的风险。

The decline in the reproductive capacity of the species indicates a risk of extinction.

Biological/Conservationist context.

よく使う組み合わせ

视力减退

记忆力减退

功能减退

热情减退

兴趣减退

需求减退

欲望减退

药效减退

逐渐减退

大幅减退

よく使うフレーズ

视力减退

— Decline in eyesight. Usually used in medical exams.

视力减退是衰老的迹象之一。

记忆力减退

— Decline in memory. Often discussed regarding aging or stress.

他担心自己的记忆力减退。

热情减退

— Fading enthusiasm. Used when someone loses interest in a task.

他的创业热情开始减退。

功能减退

— Functional decline. A formal term for organs or systems failing.

甲状腺功能减退是一种常见病。

胃口减退

— Loss of appetite. Similar to 食欲减退.

感冒后，他的胃口减退了。

听力减退

— Decline in hearing. Common in elderly care.

长期在噪音环境下会导致听力减退。

意志减退

— Waning will or determination.

在困难面前，他的意志没有减退。

动力减退

— Loss of momentum or drive.

这个项目的推进动力有所减退。

药力减退

— The power of a drug wearing off.

几个小时后，药力开始减退。

魅力减退

— Fading charm or appeal.

这个城市作为旅游胜地的魅力正在减退。

よく混同される語

减退 vs 减少 (jiǎnshǎo)

减少 is for 'how many' (quantity). 减退 is for 'how strong' (quality/intensity).

减退 vs 衰退 (shuāituì)

衰退 is more severe, often used for economic recessions or serious biological decay.

减退 vs 下降 (xiàjiàng)

下降 means 'to drop' and is used for values like temperature, prices, or levels.

慣用句と表現

"意兴阑珊"

— To be dispirited; having little interest left. Describes the feeling after enthusiasm has 减退.

由于旅途劳累，大家早已意兴阑珊。

Literary

"大不如前"

— Not nearly as good as before. Often used after functions have 减退.

他的身体状况大不如前了。

Neutral

"日薄西山"

— Like the sun setting over the western hills. Describes something nearing its end as power 减退.

这个旧产业已经日薄西山。

Literary

"每况愈下"

— To go from bad to worse. Describes a continuous 减退.

该公司的经营情况每况愈下。

Neutral

"烟消云散"

— To vanish like smoke and clouds. A complete 减退/disappearance.

他的怒气一下子烟消云散了。

Neutral

"兴趣索然"

— To have no interest at all. The state when interest has 减退 to zero.

听了这段枯燥的演讲，大家都兴趣索然。

Formal

"老态龙钟"

— Old and shaky. Describes the physical state after many functions have 减退.

几年不见，他已变得老态龙钟。

Literary

"强弩之末"

— The end of a powerful shot. Describes a force that has 减退 and is no longer effective.

敌军已是强弩之末，不足为惧。

Literary

"风平浪静"

— Wind and waves subside. Describes natural forces that have 减退.

暴风雨过后，海面上风平浪静。

Neutral

"心灰意冷"

— To be disheartened and discouraged. Extreme emotional 减退.

接连的失败让他感到心灰意冷。

Neutral

間違えやすい

减退 vs 减弱

Both mean to weaken.

减弱 is often for physical forces (light, wind, signal). 减退 is for functions or abstract qualities (vision, memory, interest).

信号减弱了 vs. 视力减退了。

减退 vs 消退

Both imply a 'retreat' (退).

消退 emphasizes disappearing or going away (fever, swelling, flood). 减退 emphasizes becoming weaker but not necessarily gone.

红肿消退了 vs. 热情减退了。

减退 vs 退化

Both relate to things getting worse.

退化 means 'to degenerate' or 'to evolve backwards' (biological evolution or severe skill loss). 减退 is a simple decline in power.

人类的尾巴退化了 vs. 记忆力减退了。

减退 vs 衰落

Both mean to decline.

衰落 is for large-scale entities like empires, families, or civilizations. 减退 is for specific attributes.

王朝衰落了 vs. 吸引力减退了。

减退 vs 低落

Both describe a lower state.

低落 is specifically for moods, spirits, or morale. 减退 is for abilities or intensity.

士气低落 vs. 功能减退。

文型パターン

Subject + 减退 + 了。

他的视力减退了。

Subject + 逐渐 + 减退。

雨势逐渐减退。

Subject + 有所 + 减退。

他的热情有所减退。

导致 + Noun + 减退。

压力导致记忆力减退。

随着...而...减退。

药效随着时间而减退。

呈现出...减退的趋势。

需求呈现出减退的趋势。

Subject + 大为 + 减退。

他的影响力大为减退。

Noun + 的减退 + 是...的结果。

视力的减退是长期劳累的结果。

語族

名詞

减退 (can act as a noun meaning 'decline', e.g., 记忆力的减退)

動詞

减退 (to decline)

减少 (to reduce quantity)

退后 (to move back)

退缩 (to shrink back)

形容詞

减退的 (declining/diminished)

使い方

frequency

Common in written and formal spoken Chinese.

よくある間違い

人数减退了。 → 人数减少了。
You cannot use 减退 for countable things like 'people'. Use 减少 for quantity.
他减退了我的痛苦。 → 我的痛苦减退了。
减退 is usually intransitive. The thing that declines should be the subject, not the object.
价格减退了。 → 价格下降了。
For prices and numeric values, 下降 (xiàjiàng) is the standard term.
他的视力减少了。 → 他的视力减退了。
Vision is a quality/ability, not a count. Use 减退.
经济减退。 → 经济衰退。
While '增长减退' (growth decline) is okay, a general economic downturn is usually called '衰退'.

ヒント

Subject First

Always put the thing that is declining before '减退'. It functions like 'to fade' or 'to decline' in English. Example: '热情减退' (Enthusiasm fades).

Health Context

Whenever you talk about sensory issues (eyes, ears, taste), '减退' is the most natural and professional word to use.

Business Tone

In business reports, use '需求减退' to describe a cooling market. It sounds more objective and less alarming than '需求消失' (demand disappeared).

Quality vs Quantity

Remember: 减退 = Quality/Strength decline; 减少 = Quantity/Number decrease. Don't mix them up!

Use '逐渐'

Since '减退' is usually a process, it pairs perfectly with '逐渐' (zhújiàn - gradually). This is a very common native-like collocation.

Drug Effects

Use '药效减退' to describe when a medicine stops working as well as it did initially.

Fading Love

You can use '感情减退' to describe a relationship where the spark is fading. It's a formal way to describe a difficult situation.

Storms

When a storm is passing, you can say '风势' or '雨势' (wind/rain intensity) has '减退'.

Formal Reports

In academic writing, '功能减退' is preferred over '功能变差' or '功能不好'.

The 'Back' Radical

The character 退 has the 'walking' radical. Think of the ability 'walking away' from you. That is 减退.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'Jian' (giant) who is 'Tui' (too) tired and has to 'retreat' (减退). His energy is declining!

視覚的連想

Imagine a battery icon on a phone turning from green to red, or a thermometer where the red line is slowly moving down.

Word Web

视力 (Vision) 听力 (Hearing) 记忆力 (Memory) 热情 (Enthusiasm) 需求 (Demand) 药效 (Medicine effect) 逐渐 (Gradually) 明显 (Obviously)

チャレンジ

Try to use '减退' to describe how you feel at 4 PM on a Friday. Is your energy '减退' or is your focus '减退'?

語源

The word is composed of two ancient characters. '减' (jiǎn) dates back to the seal script, representing the act of lessening or subtracting. '退' (tuì) depicts a foot and a road, symbolizing moving backward or retreating.

元の意味： To move back and reduce in intensity.

Sino-Tibetan (Chinese)

文化的な背景

Be careful when using '减退' to describe someone's abilities directly to them, as it can sound blunt about their aging or failing health. Use '有所减退' (has somewhat declined) to be more polite.

In English, we often say 'decline' or 'diminish'. '减退' is slightly more formal than 'get worse' and closer to 'deteriorate' in medical contexts.

Medical reports on Alzheimer's (记忆力减退). Economic forecasts during a cooling market. Poetic descriptions of sunset (光线减退).

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Medical Diagnosis

视力减退 (shìlì jiǎntuì)
听力减退 (tīnglì jiǎntuì)
记忆力减退 (jìyìlì jiǎntuì)
功能减退 (gōngnéng jiǎntuì)

Economic Reports

需求减退 (xūqiú jiǎntuì)
投资意愿减退 (tóuzī yìyuàn jiǎntuì)
消费动力减退 (xiāofèi dònglì jiǎntuì)
增长减退 (zēngzhǎng jiǎntuì)

Personal Relationships

热情减退 (rèqíng jiǎntuì)
兴趣减退 (xìngqù jiǎntuì)
感情减退 (gǎnqíng jiǎntuì)
新鲜感减退 (xīnxiāngǎn jiǎntuì)

Natural World

风力减退 (fēnglì jiǎntuì)
雨势减退 (yǔshì jiǎntuì)
光线减退 (guāngxiàn jiǎntuì)
热度减退 (rèdù jiǎntuì)

Workplace

积极性减退 (jījíxìng jiǎntuì)
效率减退 (xiàolǜ jiǎntuì)
创造力减退 (chuàngzàolì jiǎntuì)
竞争力减退 (jìngzhēnglì jiǎntuì)

会話のきっかけ

"你觉得随着年龄增长，最让人担心的减退是什么？"

"为什么有些人在工作中会感到热情减退？"

"你有没有发现自己对某个爱好的兴趣减退了？"

"在经济不景气的时候，哪些行业的需求会减退？"

"运动真的能延缓身体功能的减退吗？"

日記のテーマ

写一写你对某件事物（如一个爱好或一个习惯）热情减退的过程。

描述一下你观察到的家中长辈身体功能减退的情况，以及你如何帮助他们。

探讨现代社会中，人们对深度思考能力的减退现象。

如果你的记忆力开始减退，你会选择用什么方式记录生活？

分析一下为什么一个品牌在市场上的吸引力会逐渐减退。

よくある質問

10 問

No, for numbers or quantities, use 减少 (jiǎnshǎo). 减退 is for intensity, power, or quality. For example, you can say '人数减少' but not '人数减退'.

It is very commonly used in medicine (e.g., 视力减退), but it is also used in economics and everyday life for feelings and interests.

They are close, but 减弱 (jiǎnruò) is usually for forces like wind, light, or a sound's volume. 减退 (jiǎntuì) is for functions like memory, vision, or abstract things like passion.

No, this is a common mistake. 减退 is intransitive. You should say '他的兴趣减退了' (His interest declined).

It is usually negative, as it describes a loss of ability or intensity. However, it can be positive if describing something bad going away, like '烧减退了' (the fever went down).

In a legal or formal context, it is often translated as '行为能力减退' or '精神状况减退'.

No, for prices use 下降 (xiàjiàng) or 跌 (diē). You wouldn't say '价格减退'.

逐渐 (gradually), 明显 (obviously), 大幅 (greatly), 慢慢 (slowly), and 有所 (somewhat) are all excellent choices.

No, 'recession' is usually 衰退 (shuāituì). 减退 is a milder or more general term for a decline in growth (e.g., 经济增长减退).

减 has the 'water' radical (氵) on the left. 退 has the 'walking' radical (辶) on the bottom/left. Practice them separately first!

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