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A2 noun #2,000 よく出る 7分で読める

形状

xingzhuang 上位2,000

練習する例文メモとヒント形状 30秒で

解説形状 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '形状' (xíngzhuàng) is introduced as a basic noun to help learners identify and describe simple objects in their environment. At this stage, students focus on the most common geometric shapes like circles (圆形), squares (正方形), and triangles (三角形). The word '形状' acts as a category label. For example, a teacher might show a picture of a ball and ask, '这是什么形状？' (What shape is this?). Learners at this level use '形状' in very simple 'Subject + 是 + Shape + 的' or 'Subject + 的 + 形状 + 是...' structures. The goal is to build a foundational vocabulary for visual description. Because A1 learners are just starting to form sentences, '形状' is often paired with the verb '是' (to be). It is a crucial word for basic communication, such as when shopping for simple items or describing toys. The focus is on recognition and simple naming rather than complex descriptions or abstract uses. By mastering '形状' at A1, students gain the ability to provide more detail about the things they see, moving beyond just the name of the object to its physical properties.

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At the A2 level, learners expand their use of '形状' to describe more varied and everyday objects. They begin to use adjectives to modify '形状', such as '奇怪的形状' (strange shape) or '漂亮的形状' (beautiful shape). A2 students also start to use '形状' in the context of actions, such as '画一个形状' (draw a shape) or '改变形状' (change shape). This level introduces the idea that shapes can be dynamic. For instance, in a cooking context, one might talk about the '形状' of dumplings or noodles. The vocabulary associated with '形状' also grows to include terms like '长方形' (rectangle) and '星形' (star shape). Learners at A2 are expected to handle slightly more complex sentence structures, such as '这个饼干的形状像一颗星' (The shape of this cookie looks like a star). They also begin to understand the use of '形状' in simple comparisons. The word becomes a tool for more specific identification, helping the learner distinguish between similar objects based on their form. This level bridges the gap between simple naming and more functional description.

At the B1 level, '形状' is used in more diverse and semi-formal contexts. Learners are expected to describe the '形状' of things with more precision, using a wider range of adjectives and verbs. They might discuss how the '形状' of an object affects its function, such as why a wheel must be a certain '形状' to work. B1 students also encounter '形状' in more abstract or technical descriptions, such as describing the '形状' of a graph or a geographical feature like a bay or a mountain range. The word starts to appear in more complex grammatical constructions, including those involving resultative complements or passive voice (e.g., '被塑造成...的形状'). At this stage, learners also begin to distinguish '形状' from more formal synonyms like '外形' or '形态' in specific contexts. They can participate in discussions about design, nature, and simple science where '形状' is a key descriptive element. The focus shifts from just 'what' the shape is to 'how' and 'why' the shape is the way it is. B1 learners can also use '形状' to describe more complex, irregular forms found in nature, like the '形状' of a cloud or a piece of driftwood.

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At the B2 level, '形状' is used with high frequency in both professional and academic settings. Learners can discuss the '形状' of objects in the context of physics, engineering, or high-level design. They are expected to use precise terminology to describe complex geometric configurations and how they interact with their environment. For example, a B2 learner might explain how the '形状' of an airplane wing contributes to lift, or how the '形状' of a molecule determines its chemical properties. The word '形状' is often paired with sophisticated verbs like '优化' (optimize), '模拟' (simulate), or '扭曲' (distort). B2 students also understand the subtle nuances between '形状' and '形式' in complex texts, ensuring they use the correct term for physical vs. abstract forms. They can read and write reports where '形状' is a central variable. At this level, the learner's ability to describe '形状' is no longer limited to simple adjectives; they can use metaphors and technical jargon to provide a comprehensive visual and functional analysis of any given form.

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At the C1 level, '形状' is used with the nuance and precision of a native speaker. Learners can use the word in literary, philosophical, and highly technical contexts. In literature, they might analyze how the '形状' of a shadow or a landscape reflects a character's internal state or a thematic element. In science, they can discuss '形状记忆合金' (shape memory alloys) or complex '形状' in multi-dimensional space. C1 learners are adept at using '形状' in idiomatic or metaphorical ways, even though the word itself is quite literal. They can handle complex discussions about the relationship between '形状' (form) and '本质' (essence), a common theme in Chinese philosophy and art theory. Their vocabulary includes rare and specific shape names, and they can describe the most subtle changes in '形状' with ease. At this level, the word '形状' is integrated into a vast network of related concepts, allowing the speaker to move seamlessly between physical description and abstract analysis. They can also critique the '形状' of a piece of art or architecture using professional terminology and cultural context.

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At the C2 level, mastery of '形状' is complete and effortless. The learner can use the word in any context, from the most esoteric scientific paper to the most refined piece of classical prose. They understand the deep historical and cultural connotations of '形状' in Chinese art, such as the significance of specific '形状' in traditional pottery, calligraphy, or garden design. A C2 learner can engage in high-level debates about the '形状' of the universe or the mathematical properties of non-Euclidean '形状'. They can use the word with perfect register, choosing it over synonyms like '形态' or '格局' with absolute precision to convey the exact intended meaning. For a C2 learner, '形状' is not just a word for 'shape'; it is a tool for precise conceptualization and expression. They can play with the word in creative writing, using it to evoke vivid imagery or complex emotions. Their understanding of '形状' is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker, encompassing all its literal, technical, and metaphorical possibilities.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

形状 30秒で

形状 (xíngzhuàng) is the standard Chinese noun for 'shape' or 'physical form,' essential for describing the visual world and identifying objects by their geometry.
It is composed of '形' (form) and '状' (state), focusing exclusively on tangible, visible outlines rather than abstract concepts or internal structures.
Commonly used with verbs like '改变' (change) and '保持' (maintain), it is a versatile word found in daily life, art, and science.
Learners must distinguish it from '形式' (abstract form) and '样子' (general appearance) to ensure precise and natural communication in various contexts.

The Chinese word 形状 (xíngzhuàng) is a fundamental noun used to describe the physical form, configuration, or external appearance of an object. At its core, it refers to the spatial boundaries and contours that define how something looks in three-dimensional space. In a linguistic context, it is composed of two characters: 形 (xíng), meaning form or body, and 状 (zhuàng), meaning state or condition. Together, they create a comprehensive term for 'shape'. This word is essential for learners because it moves beyond just naming objects to describing their properties. Whether you are talking about the geometry of a building, the silhouette of a mountain, or the specific cut of a piece of jewelry, 形状 is the go-to term. It is objective and descriptive, often used in scientific, artistic, and everyday contexts. Understanding 形状 allows a speaker to categorize the world visually, distinguishing between a circle (圆形), a square (正方形), and more complex, irregular forms. In the HSK and CEFR frameworks, this word appears early because it is vital for basic communication and identification tasks.

Physical Dimension: Refers to the geometric outline of an object, such as being round, flat, or jagged.
Visual Appearance: Can describe the overall look or silhouette of something as perceived by the eye.
State of Form: Used in technical contexts to describe the state of matter or the configuration of a system.

这个饼干的形状像一颗心。(The shape of this cookie looks like a heart.)

云朵在不断改变形状。(The clouds are constantly changing shape.)

这种材料可以塑造成任何形状。(This material can be molded into any shape.)

这个影子的形状很奇怪。(The shape of this shadow is very strange.)

物体的形状由它的边缘决定。(The shape of an object is determined by its edges.)

Using 形状 correctly involves understanding its role as a noun and its common modifiers. In a sentence, it often acts as the subject or the object of a verb like '改变' (change), '描述' (describe), or '保持' (maintain). For instance, '改变形状' (to change shape) is a very common collocation. When you want to specify what kind of shape something has, you use the structure '[Object] + 的 + 形状 + [Verb] + [Description]'. For example, '桌子的形状是圆的' (The shape of the table is round). It is important to note that while English speakers might say 'What shape is it?', Chinese speakers often say '它是什么形状的？' (It is what shape?). The addition of '的' at the end makes it descriptive. In more advanced usage, 形状 can be used in scientific discussions to talk about molecular structures or geographical features. It is also used in the arts to discuss the composition of a painting or the silhouette of a sculpture. Because it is a neutral term, it can be modified by adjectives like '奇特的' (peculiar), '规则的' (regular), or '不规则的' (irregular). When learning this word, focus on pairing it with verbs of transformation and adjectives of geometry. This will provide a solid foundation for describing the physical world accurately.

Verb Collocations: Common verbs include 改变 (change), 形成 (form), 挤压 (squeeze), and 保持 (keep).
Adjective Modifiers: Common adjectives include 奇特 (strange), 完美 (perfect), 固定 (fixed), and 多样 (diverse).
Grammatical Structure: Typically used as: [Noun] + 的 + 形状 or [Verb] + 形状.

这种塑料受热后会改变形状。(This plastic will change shape after being heated.)

你能画出这个物体的形状吗？(Can you draw the shape of this object?)

You will encounter 形状 in a wide variety of daily and professional scenarios. In a classroom setting, a teacher might ask students to identify the 形状 of different blocks or drawings. In a design studio, architects and graphic designers constantly discuss the 形状 of their creations to ensure aesthetic harmony and functional integrity. If you are shopping for furniture, a salesperson might describe the 形状 of a sofa to help you visualize how it fits in your living room. In nature documentaries, narrators often describe the 形状 of leaves, animal tracks, or rock formations to explain biological or geological processes. Even in the kitchen, recipes might specify that dough should be rolled into a specific 形状. Furthermore, in the context of technology, 形状 is used to describe the form factor of devices, such as the '形状' of a new smartphone or wearable. Because it is a basic building block of description, it is ubiquitous in both spoken and written Chinese. From children's books teaching basic geometry to academic papers in fluid dynamics, 形状 remains a versatile and indispensable term. Listening for it in these contexts will help you understand how native speakers use it to organize their visual world.

Design & Art: Used to discuss composition, silhouettes, and structural aesthetics.
Education: Primary vocabulary for teaching geometry and spatial awareness to children.
Science & Nature: Describing the physical properties of organisms, crystals, and landscapes.

设计师正在讨论建筑的整体形状。(The designers are discussing the overall shape of the building.)

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing 形状 (xíngzhuàng) with 形式 (xíngshì). While both can be translated as 'form' in English, their usage in Chinese is distinct. 形状 is strictly for physical, visible shapes—things you can touch or see the outline of. 形式, on the other hand, refers to abstract forms, such as the 'form of a poem', 'form of government', or 'form of an agreement'. Using 形状 to describe a political system would sound very strange to a native speaker. Another common error is using 形状 as an adjective. You cannot say '这个桌子很形状' (This table is very shape). Instead, you must use it as a noun: '这个桌子的形状很特别' (The shape of this table is very special). Additionally, learners sometimes forget to use the '是...的' structure when describing the shape of an object. Saying '它是圆形状' is less natural than '它是圆形的' or '它的形状是圆的'. Finally, be careful with the word '样子' (yàngzi). While '样子' can mean appearance, it is much broader and often refers to the 'look' or 'manner' of something, whereas 形状 is specifically about the geometric outline. Mastering these distinctions will help you sound more precise and professional.

Confusion with 形式: 形状 = Physical/Concrete; 形式 = Abstract/Conceptual.
Part of Speech Error: Always use 形状 as a noun, never as an adjective or verb.
Vagueness with 样子: Use 形状 for geometry; use 样子 for general appearance or style.

错误：这种艺术形状很新颖。(Incorrect: This art shape is very novel - if referring to the style.)

正确：这种艺术形式很新颖。(Correct: This art form is very novel.)

Understanding the nuances between 形状 and its synonyms is key to advanced fluency. The most common related word is 样子 (yàngzi). While 形状 is technical and geometric, 样子 is casual and broad. You might say '你穿这件衣服的样子很好看' (You look good in these clothes), but you wouldn't use 形状 there. Another similar word is 外形 (wàixíng), which specifically emphasizes the 'outer' form or exterior appearance, often used for cars, electronics, or buildings. 轮廓 (lúnkuò) refers to the 'outline' or 'silhouette', often used when the details are not visible, such as a mountain against the sunset. 形态 (xíngtài) is a more formal, often scientific term meaning 'morphology' or 'pattern of existence', used in biology (形态学) or economics (意识形态 - ideology). Finally, 身材 (shēncái) is specifically for the 'shape' or 'figure' of a human body. Choosing the right word depends on whether you are being technical, casual, or describing a specific type of form. By comparing these terms, you can see that 形状 is the most general and objective word for physical geometry.

形状 vs. 样子: 形状 is geometric/objective; 样子 is general/subjective.
形状 vs. 外形: 形状 is the internal/external form; 外形 focuses on the exterior look.
形状 vs. 轮廓: 形状 is the whole form; 轮廓 is just the boundary line.

远处的山只有模糊的轮廓。(The distant mountains only have a blurry outline.)

How Formal Is It?

難易度

知っておくべき文法

The '是...的' construction for descriptions.

Using '像' for comparisons of appearance.

The use of '各种' for variety.

Resultative complements like '成' (e.g., 剪成).

Attributive '的' to link nouns and attributes.

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レベル別の例文

这是什么形状？

What shape is this?

Simple question structure using '什么' as a modifier for '形状'.

球是圆形状的。

The ball is round-shaped.

Using '形状' with the '是...的' construction to describe an object.

我喜欢这个形状。

I like this shape.

Simple Subject-Verb-Object sentence.

画一个正方形的形状。

Draw a square shape.

Using '形状' as the object of the verb '画'.

桌子是长方形的形状。

The table is a rectangular shape.

Describing the specific geometry of a common object.

看，那个云的形状！

Look, the shape of that cloud!

Using '的' to show possession/attribute between '云' and '形状'.

饼干有很多形状。

The cookies have many shapes.

Using '很多' to quantify '形状'.

这个形状很漂亮。

This shape is very beautiful.

Using an adjective '漂亮' to describe the noun '形状'.

你能告诉我这个盒子的形状吗？

Can you tell me the shape of this box?

Polite request using '能...吗' and '告诉'.

这种水果的形状很奇怪。

The shape of this fruit is very strange.

Using '奇怪' to modify the specific attribute '形状'.

请把纸剪成心形的形状。

Please cut the paper into a heart shape.

Using '把' construction and '成' to indicate a change in form.

影子在地上改变了形状。

The shadow changed shape on the ground.

Verb '改变' indicating a dynamic process.

这些积木有不同的形状。

These blocks have different shapes.

Using '不同' (different) to describe the variety of '形状'.

这个物体的形状像一个小房子。

The shape of this object looks like a small house.

Using '像' (like/resemble) to compare shapes.

我们要学习各种形状的名称。

We need to learn the names of various shapes.

Using '各种' (various) and '名称' (names).

月亮的形状每天都在变。

The shape of the moon changes every day.

Describing a natural cycle of change.

这种材料受热后会失去原有的形状。

This material will lose its original shape after being heated.

Using '失去' (lose) and '原有' (original) in a conditional sentence.

设计师根据叶子的形状设计了这把椅子。

The designer designed this chair based on the shape of a leaf.

Using '根据...设计' (design based on...).

这些石头的形状是由于水的冲刷形成的。

The shapes of these stones were formed by the erosion of water.

Using '由于' (due to) and '形成' (form) to explain a process.

这种新型飞机的形状非常符合空气动力学。

The shape of this new aircraft is very aerodynamic.

Using '符合' (conform to) and technical terms.

你可以通过形状来辨别不同的植物。

You can identify different plants by their shapes.

Using '通过...来' (through... to) to indicate a method.

这种拼图的每一块形状都是唯一的。

Every piece of this puzzle has a unique shape.

Using '唯一' (unique) to describe the specificity of '形状'.

地图上这个国家的形状像一只靴子。

The shape of this country on the map looks like a boot.

Using geographical context for shape description.

这种液体在容器里会随之改变形状。

This liquid will change shape according to the container.

Describing physical properties of matter.

物体的形状对其阻力有显著影响。

The shape of an object has a significant impact on its resistance.

Using formal terms like '显著影响' (significant impact).

这些微观粒子的形状只能通过显微镜观察。

The shapes of these microscopic particles can only be observed through a microscope.

Scientific context using '微观粒子' and '观察'.

建筑师试图通过不规则的形状来创造视觉冲击力。

The architect tried to create visual impact through irregular shapes.

Discussing artistic intent and '视觉冲击力' (visual impact).

该软件可以自动识别并分类几何形状。

The software can automatically identify and classify geometric shapes.

Technical context using '自动识别' and '分类'.

由于长期受压，零件的形状发生了轻微扭曲。

Due to long-term pressure, the shape of the part has undergone slight distortion.

Using '受压' (under pressure) and '扭曲' (distortion).

这种植物的种子形状有利于随风传播。

The seed shape of this plant is conducive to wind dispersal.

Biological context using '有利于' (conducive to).

在零重力环境下，液滴会保持完美的球形形状。

In a zero-gravity environment, liquid droplets maintain a perfect spherical shape.

Physics context using '零重力' and '保持'.

这种艺术风格强调形状与色彩的和谐统一。

This art style emphasizes the harmony and unity of shape and color.

Art criticism using '和谐统一' (harmony and unity).

作者通过描写云朵变幻莫测的形状，暗示了角色内心的动荡。

The author implies the character's inner turmoil by describing the unpredictable shapes of the clouds.

Literary analysis using '变幻莫测' (unpredictable) and '暗示' (imply).

这种晶体的形状反映了其内部原子的排列方式。

The shape of this crystal reflects the arrangement of its internal atoms.

Advanced scientific description using '反映' (reflect) and '排列方式' (arrangement).

在书法艺术中，汉字的形状被赋予了深厚的文化内涵。

In the art of calligraphy, the shapes of Chinese characters are endowed with profound cultural meaning.

Cultural analysis using '赋予' (endow) and '文化内涵' (cultural connotation).

这种新型材料具有形状记忆功能，可以在特定条件下恢复原状。

This new material has a shape memory function and can recover its original state under specific conditions.

Engineering context using '形状记忆' and '恢复原状'.

阴影的形状随着光源的移动而产生戏剧性的变化。

The shape of the shadow changes dramatically as the light source moves.

Descriptive language using '戏剧性' (dramatic).

地貌的形状记录了数百万年来地质演变的痕迹。

The shape of the landscape records the traces of geological evolution over millions of years.

Geological context using '地质演变' (geological evolution).

在抽象绘画中，形状本身就是表达情感的语言。

In abstract painting, shape itself is the language for expressing emotion.

Philosophical discussion of art.

通过精确计算，我们可以预测流体在不同管道形状中的流速。

Through precise calculation, we can predict the flow rate of fluids in different pipe shapes.

Advanced physics/math context.

庄子哲学中关于‘大象无形’的讨论，深刻探讨了形状与存在的辩证关系。

The discussion of 'Great image has no shape' in Zhuangzi's philosophy profoundly explores the dialectical relationship between shape and existence.

High-level philosophical analysis using '辩证关系' (dialectical relationship).

这种建筑设计挑战了传统几何形状的束缚，呈现出一种流动的生命感。

This architectural design challenges the constraints of traditional geometric shapes, presenting a sense of fluid vitality.

Architectural criticism using '束缚' (constraints) and '生命感' (vitality).

拓扑学研究的是物体在连续变形下保持不变的形状性质。

Topology studies the properties of shapes that remain invariant under continuous deformation.

Specialized mathematical definition.

在量子力学尺度下，传统意义上的‘形状’概念变得模糊且难以定义。

At the quantum mechanical scale, the traditional concept of 'shape' becomes blurred and difficult to define.

Theoretical physics context.

诗人巧妙地利用文字的视觉形状，构建了一首极具张力的图像诗。

The poet cleverly uses the visual shape of words to construct a concrete poem full of tension.

Literary technique analysis.

这种陶瓷器皿的形状完美契合了宋代极简主义的美学追求。

The shape of this ceramic vessel perfectly fits the minimalist aesthetic pursuit of the Song Dynasty.

Art history analysis using '契合' (fit/align) and '美学追求' (aesthetic pursuit).

生物进化过程中，器官形状的演变往往是为了适应特定的生态位。

In the process of biological evolution, the evolution of organ shapes is often to adapt to specific ecological niches.

Evolutionary biology context.

通过对星系形状的观测，天文学家可以推断出宇宙早期的物质分布。

By observing the shapes of galaxies, astronomers can infer the distribution of matter in the early universe.

Cosmological context.

よく使う組み合わせ

改变形状 (change shape)

保持形状 (maintain shape)

奇特的形状 (strange shape)

规则的形状 (regular shape)

几何形状 (geometric shape)

固定形状 (fixed shape)

各种形状 (various shapes)

形状相似 (similar in shape)

辨认形状 (identify shape)

描述形状 (describe shape)

よく使うフレーズ

心形 (heart shape)

圆形 (circle shape)

方形 (square shape)

三角形 (triangle shape)

星形 (star shape)

长方形 (rectangle shape)

椭圆形 (oval shape)

不规则形状 (irregular shape)

原始形状 (original shape)

外部形状 (external shape)

よく混同される語

形状 vs 形式 (xíngshì)

Abstract form vs. physical shape.

形状 vs 样子 (yàngzi)

General look vs. geometric outline.

形状 vs 身材 (shēncái)

Human body figure vs. object shape.

慣用句と表現

"奇形怪状 (strange and wonderful shapes)"

"形形色色 (all kinds of/every description)"

"大象无形 (great image has no shape)"

"形影不离 (inseparable as body and shadow)"

"形单影只 (solitary/lonely)"

"喜形于色 (joy written on one's face)"

"原形毕露 (show one's true colors)"

"相形见绌 (pale in comparison)"

"如影随形 (follow like a shadow)"

"形迹可疑 (suspicious appearance)"

間違えやすい

形状 vs

文型パターン

語族

使い方

Precision

More precise than '样子'.

Physicality

Always refers to physical geometry.

Technicality

Used in math and science for 'morphology'.

よくある間違い

Using 形状 for people.
Confusing 形状 with 形式.
Saying '很形状'.
Omitting '的' in '圆形状'.
Using 形状 to mean 'style'.

ヒント

Using '的'

Always remember to use '的' when describing an object's shape: '桌子的形状' (The table's shape).

Specific Shapes

Learn the names of basic shapes (圆形, 方形) to use alongside the word '形状'.

Nature

Use '形状' to describe clouds, leaves, and stones when practicing descriptive Chinese.

Asking Questions

Practice the phrase '这是什么形状？' until it becomes second nature.

Adjective Order

Place adjectives before '形状', e.g., '奇怪的形状' (strange shape).

Identify Patterns

Listen for the word '形状' in commercials for products where design is important.

Shape vs. Form

Remind yourself: 形状 = Pencil sketch (physical), 形式 = Idea (abstract).

Character Breakdown

形 (Form) + 状 (State) = Shape. This helps you remember the meaning.

Symbolism

Notice how 'round shapes' are preferred in Chinese festivals for unity.

Scientific Terms

Learn '形状记忆' (shape memory) if you are interested in engineering or materials science.

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語源

文化的な背景

Calligraphy is the ultimate study of '形状' in motion.

Circles represent unity; squares represent stability.

Taoism emphasizes the 'formless' (无形) as the highest state.

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実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"你最喜欢的几何形状是什么？"

"你觉得这个建筑的形状奇怪吗？"

"云的形状让你想起了什么？"

"你能描述一下你家房子的形状吗？"

"为什么这种水果的形状这么特别？"

日記のテーマ

描述你今天看到的三个有趣的形状。

如果你的心情有一个形状，它会是什么样子的？

讨论一下为什么物体的形状对它的功能很重要。

写一段关于大自然中不规则形状的文字。

描述一个你认为形状非常完美的艺术品。

よくある質問

10 問

No, for a person's body shape, you should use '身材' (shēncái). Using '形状' for a person sounds like you are describing them as an inanimate object.

形状 is for physical, visible things like a ball or a table. 形式 is for abstract concepts like a 'form of government' or a 'form of music'.

It is a neutral word. It can be used in everyday conversation ('这个饼干的形状') and also in scientific papers ('分子的形状').

You can say '它是什么形状的？' (Tā shì shénme xíngzhuàng de?).

No, it is strictly a noun. To say 'to shape something', you use verbs like '塑造' (sùzào) or '使...成形' (shǐ... chéngxíng).

Common ones include 圆形 (round), 方形 (square), 奇特 (strange), 规则 (regular), and 完美 (perfect).

It can be both. It describes the outline of a 2D drawing and the form of a 3D object.

There isn't a direct opposite noun, but you can use '无定形' (wúdìngxíng) to mean 'shapeless' or 'formless'.

Yes, that is perfectly natural. It means 'a beautiful shape'.

You might say '观察细胞的形状' (observe the shape of the cell) or '分析地形的形状' (analyze the shape of the terrain).

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