يقرض 30초 만에
- A verb meaning 'to lend,' primarily used for money or items that will be replaced by an equivalent.
- Common in financial, legal, and social contexts across the Arabic-speaking world.
- Distinguished from 'yu'iru' (lending a specific object) and 'yastaqridu' (to borrow).
- Root Q-R-D relates to 'cutting,' symbolizing cutting off a piece of wealth to lend.
The Arabic verb يقرض (yaqridu) is a fundamental term used primarily in the context of financial transactions and the temporary transfer of resources. At its core, it translates to 'to lend' or 'to loan.' However, in the rich tapestry of the Arabic language, particularly within Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), this verb carries a specific weight often associated with money or fungible goods—things that are consumed and replaced by an equivalent. While English uses 'lend' for both a lawnmower and a hundred dollars, Arabic often distinguishes between the two, with yaqridu leaning heavily toward the financial side. Understanding this word requires looking at its root, ق-ر-ض (Q-R-D), which historically relates to the act of cutting or severing. In a linguistic sense, when you lend money, you are 'cutting off' a portion of your wealth to provide to another, with the expectation that an equal amount will be returned later.
- Financial Context
- In modern banking and personal finance, this verb is the standard way to describe a bank providing a loan or a friend giving money to another. It implies a formal or semi-formal obligation of debt.
- Social Etiquette
- Lending in Arab culture is often tied to the concept of 'Karam' (generosity). Lending money without interest is highly regarded and is often referred to as 'Qard Hasan' (a good loan), which is a virtuous act in Islamic tradition.
البنك يقرض العملاء بفوائد منخفضة لتشجيع الاستثمار.
It is important to note that يقرض is the present tense (third-person masculine singular). The past tense is أقرض (aqrada) in Form IV, though the Form I قرض (qarada) can also mean to gnaw or nibble, which is a fascinating homonym. In the context of lending, we almost always deal with the Form IV derivation or the specific technical usage of the present tense. When you use this word, you are signaling a transition of ownership that is temporary. It is used in news reports about international IMF loans, in legal documents, and in everyday conversations about borrowing ten dollars from a colleague.
هل يمكنك أن تقرضني بعض المال حتى نهاية الشهر؟
- Morphology
- The verb follows the standard triliteral root pattern. The prefix 'ya-' indicates the present tense. The middle radical 'ra' carries a kasra (i) sound in the present, making it 'yaqridu'.
In summary, يقرض is the go-to verb for financial lending. It bridges the gap between formal banking terminology and casual peer-to-peer lending. Whether you are discussing a billion-dollar state loan or a simple transaction between friends, this verb provides the necessary clarity that money is moving from one hand to another with the firm expectation of repayment. Its usage is pervasive in economic discourse across the Arab world, from the financial hubs of Dubai and Riyadh to the local markets of Cairo and Casablanca.
Using يقرض correctly involves understanding its transitivity. This verb is doubly transitive, meaning it can take two objects: the person to whom you are lending, and the thing being lent. For example, in 'يقرض الأب ابنه المال' (The father lends his son money), 'his son' is the first object and 'money' is the second. This structure is very similar to English, making it relatively intuitive for English speakers once the conjugation is mastered.
المستثمر يقرض الشركة الناشئة رأس المال المطلوب.
When conjugating in the present tense, the verb changes based on the subject. For instance, 'أنا أقرض' (I lend), 'أنت تقرض' (You lend), and 'نحن نقرض' (We lend). It is vital to distinguish the 'ya-' prefix for 'he/it' from the 'ta-' prefix for 'you' or 'she.' In professional settings, you will often see the passive form 'يُقرَض' (yuqradu), meaning 'to be lent,' although this is less common than the active form.
- Object Pronouns
- Object pronouns are often attached directly to the verb. 'He lends me' becomes 'يقرضني' (yaqriduni). 'He lends you' becomes 'يقرضك' (yaqriduka).
In a legal or religious context, you might encounter the phrase 'يقرض الله قرضاً حسناً' (He lends to Allah a goodly loan), which is a metaphorical way of describing charity. This shows that the verb can transcend material wealth and enter the realm of spiritual transactions. In these cases, the 'repayment' is expected not in currency, but in divine reward.
لا يقرض البنك المال بدون ضمانات كافية.
- Negation
- To negate the present tense, use 'لا' (la) for general statements (e.g., 'He doesn't lend') or 'لن' (lan) for the future (e.g., 'He will not lend').
The word يقرض is a staple of the Arabic news cycle and financial media. If you tune into Al Jazeera or Al Arabiya, you will frequently hear this verb during the business segment. News anchors use it to describe international aid packages, where one nation 'lends' another a specific sum to stabilize their economy. It is also common in discussions regarding the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
صندوق النقد الدولي يقرض الدول النامية لدعم الإصلاحات الاقتصادية.
In the social sphere, you will hear this word in family disputes or agreements. Money is a sensitive topic, and the verb yaqridu is used to define the nature of a transaction—clarifying that it is a loan and not a gift ('Hiba'). In a bustling market (Souq), while 'yaqridu' might be too formal for a quick trade, it is the word used when a shopkeeper agrees to let a regular customer pay later, effectively 'lending' them the value of the goods.
- In Literature
- Classic Arabic literature often uses the root Q-R-D to discuss debt and the burdens it places on the soul. You might hear it in poetry describing the generosity of a patron who lends without expecting a return.
- Legal Documents
- In a 'Aqd Qard' (Loan Contract), this verb is the operative word that establishes the legal obligation of the lender to provide the funds and the borrower to return them.
Finally, in the digital age, you see this word on fintech apps and crowdfunding websites. Platforms that facilitate peer-to-peer lending use yaqridu to describe the action of investors putting their money into small businesses. It remains a versatile and essential verb for anyone navigating the modern Arabic-speaking world's economic landscape.
The most frequent mistake learners make with يقرض is confusing it with its counterpart, يستقرض (yastaqridu). While yaqridu means 'to lend' (giving), yastaqridu means 'to borrow' (taking). This is a classic 'direction of flow' error. Always remember: the one who yaqridu has the money at the start; the one who yastaqridu wants the money.
خطأ: أقرضت من البنك ألف دولار. (I lent from the bank...)
صح: استقرضت من البنك ألف دولار. (I borrowed from the bank...)
Another common error is failing to distinguish between يقرض (lending money) and يعير (lending an object). In English, 'lend' covers both. In Arabic, if you lend someone a pen and expect the *same* pen back, you should use يعير (yu'iru). If you lend someone a cup of sugar and expect a *different* but equivalent cup of sugar back, يقرض is technically more accurate, though in modern casual speech, يسلف (yusallifu) often replaces both.
- The Homonym Trap
- Be aware that the Form I verb 'قرض' (qarada) means 'to gnaw' or 'to nibble.' While context usually makes it clear, don't be confused if you see a sentence about a mouse 'yaqridu' cheese—it's not giving the cheese a loan!
Lastly, pay attention to the preposition. Unlike some verbs that require 'to' or 'for,' يقرض often takes the recipient directly as an object. Saying 'يقرض إلى صديقه' (lends to his friend) is less common and often considered a stylistic error in high-level MSA compared to the direct 'يقرض صديقه'.
While يقرض is the precise word for financial lending, several other verbs exist in the same semantic field. Choosing the right one depends on the register (formal vs. informal) and the nature of the item being lent. The most common alternative is يسلف (yusallifu), which is used across many dialects and in neutral MSA to mean 'to lend' or 'to advance' money or goods.
- يقرض vs. يعير
- يقرض: Used for things that are consumed (money, food). You get back the same *value*.
يعير: Used for things that are not consumed (books, tools, cars). You get back the *exact same item*. - يقرض vs. يسلف
- يقرض: More formal, often used in banking, law, and the Quran.
يسلف: More common in daily speech, sounds friendlier and less clinical. - يقرض vs. يمنح
- يقرض: A loan (must be repaid).
يمنح: A grant or gift (does not need to be repaid).
بدلاً من أن تقرضه المال، يمكنك أن تعيره سيارتك ليذهب للعمل.
In economic contexts, you might also encounter يمول (yumawwilu), which means 'to finance.' While lending is a form of financing, 'financing' is a broader term that could include equity investments where no direct repayment of a 'loan' is scheduled. Understanding these nuances helps you sound more like a native speaker and prevents confusion in professional or legal settings.
How Formal Is It?
재미있는 사실
The same root gives us the word 'Miqrad' (clippers/scissors) and the word 'Inqirad' (extinction), which literally means a lineage being 'cut off.'
발음 가이드
- Pronouncing 'q' as 'k' (common for English speakers).
- Forgetting the kasra (i sound) on the 'r'.
- Confusing the 'y' prefix with 'a' (I lend) or 't' (you lend).
- Pronouncing 'd' too softly like 'th'.
- Merging the 'q' and 'r' into one sound.
난이도
Easy to recognize in texts once the root Q-R-D is known.
Requires correct conjugation and understanding of double objects.
Challenging due to the uvular 'Q' and the distinction from synonyms.
Common in news; usually clear from context.
다음에 무엇을 배울까
선수 학습
다음에 배울 것
고급
알아야 할 문법
Double Transitivity
يقرض البنك (Subject) العميل (Object 1) المال (Object 2).
Present Tense Conjugation (Form IV)
أنا أقرض، نحن نقرض، هو يقرض، هي تقرض.
Subjunctive with 'An'
يجب أن يقرضَ (yaqrida) البنكُ الناس.
Object Pronoun Attachment
يقرضني (Lends me), يقرضك (Lends you), يقرضه (Lends him).
Passive Voice Formation
يُقرَض المال للمحتاجين (Money is lent to the needy).
수준별 예문
هو يقرضني المال.
He lends me money.
The 'ni' at the end of the verb means 'me'.
أنا أقرض أخي درهماً.
I lend my brother a dirham.
'I' form of the verb starts with 'A'.
هل تقرضني قلماً؟
Will you lend me a pen?
'Ta' prefix is for 'you' (singular masculine).
البنك يقرض الناس.
The bank lends people.
Simple Subject-Verb-Object order.
أمي تقرض جارتنا السكر.
My mother lends our neighbor sugar.
'Ta' prefix here is for 'she' (my mother).
نحن نقرضهم ما يحتاجون.
We lend them what they need.
'Na' prefix means 'we'.
هو لا يقرض أحداً.
He does not lend anyone.
'La' is used for negation in the present tense.
من يقرضك هذا؟
Who lends you this?
'Man' means 'who'.
صديقي يقرضني سيارته أحياناً.
My friend lends me his car sometimes.
'Ahyanan' means sometimes.
هل يمكنك أن تقرضني مائة ريال؟
Can you lend me a hundred riyals?
'An' followed by the verb in the subjunctive (though the ending doesn't change here).
البنك يقرض المال للمشاريع الصغيرة.
The bank lends money for small projects.
'Li-' means 'for'.
لماذا لا تقرضني كتابك؟
Why don't you lend me your book?
'Limadha' means 'why'.
هو يقرض المال بدون فائدة.
He lends money without interest.
'Bidun' means 'without'.
أقرضني جدي بعض المال للسفر.
My grandfather lent me some money for travel.
Past tense 'aqrada' with 'ni' (me).
المحل يقرض الزبائن الدائمين.
The shop lends to regular customers.
'Zuba'in' is the plural of 'Zabun' (customer).
سأقرضك مالي إذا وعدت بالرد.
I will lend you my money if you promise to return it.
'Sa-' prefix indicates future tense.
البنوك الإسلامية تقرض المال وفق الشريعة.
Islamic banks lend money according to Sharia.
'Wafqa' means 'according to'.
قرر المدير أن يقرض الموظف سلفة مالية.
The manager decided to lend the employee a financial advance.
'Sulfa' is a specific term for a cash advance.
من الصعب أن تجد شخصاً يقرضك في هذه الأيام.
It is hard to find someone who lends to you these days.
'Min al-sa'b' means 'it is difficult'.
كان والدي يقرض جيرانه دائماً في وقت الأزمات.
My father used to always lend to his neighbors in times of crisis.
'Kana' + present tense indicates a habitual action in the past.
يجب على الغني أن يقرض الفقير لمساعدته.
The rich person must lend to the poor person to help him.
'Yajibu 'ala' means 'must'.
أقرضتني الشركة مبلغاً لشراء حاسوب جديد.
The company lent me an amount to buy a new computer.
'Mablagh' means 'an amount'.
هل تقرض البنوك المال للطلاب في بلدك؟
Do banks lend money to students in your country?
'Tullab' is the plural of 'Talib'.
لا أحب أن يقرضني أحد لأنني أكره الدين.
I don't like anyone to lend to me because I hate debt.
'Dayn' means 'debt'.
تتجنب بعض الدول أن يقرضها صندوق النقد الدولي بسبب الشروط.
Some countries avoid being lent to by the IMF because of the conditions.
'Tatajannabu' means 'to avoid'.
يقرض المستثمرون أموالهم للشركات ذات النمو السريع.
Investors lend their money to companies with fast growth.
'Dhat' means 'possessing' or 'with'.
تعتبر عملية إقراض المال مخاطرة إذا لم يكن هناك ضمان.
The process of lending money is considered a risk if there is no guarantee.
'Iqrad' is the verbal noun (Masdar) of the verb.
يقرض الصديق الوفي صديقه في الضراء قبل السراء.
A loyal friend lends to his friend in hard times before good times.
'Al-darra' and 'Al-sarra' are antonyms for hardship and ease.
لماذا يقرض البنك المركزي البنوك التجارية؟
Why does the central bank lend to commercial banks?
'Markazi' means 'central'.
يقرض الله من يتصدق بماله أضعافاً مضاعفة.
Allah lends (rewards) those who give charity with many times more.
Metaphorical use of lending in a religious context.
هل يقرضك صاحب العمل راتبك مقدماً؟
Does your employer lend you your salary in advance?
'Muqaddaman' means 'in advance'.
كانت الدول قديماً تقرض بعضها الذهب والفضة.
In the past, countries used to lend each other gold and silver.
'Qadiman' means 'in ancient times' or 'formerly'.
إن السياسة النقدية تملي على البنوك كيف تقرض وبأي سعر فائدة.
Monetary policy dictates to banks how they lend and at what interest rate.
'Tumli 'ala' means 'to dictate to'.
يقرض التاريخ دروساً لمن يريد أن يتعلم من أخطاء الماضي.
History lends lessons to those who want to learn from the mistakes of the past.
Metaphorical usage of 'lending' lessons.
لا ينبغي للمرء أن يقرض ما لا يملك، فهذا أساس الأزمات المالية.
One should not lend what they do not own, as this is the basis of financial crises.
'La yanbaghi' means 'it is not appropriate/should not'.
يقرض القانون الأفراد الحق في استرداد أموالهم عبر القضاء.
The law lends (grants) individuals the right to recover their money through the judiciary.
Formal legal usage.
يقرض الأديب لغته جمالاً خاصاً من خلال استعاراته المبتكرة.
The writer lends his language a special beauty through his innovative metaphors.
Literary usage.
عندما يقرض البنك مبالغ طائلة، فإنه يساهم في التضخم.
When the bank lends huge sums, it contributes to inflation.
'Ta'ila' means 'huge' or 'massive'.
يقرض المجتمع الدعم المعنوي للأسر المحتاجة في المواسم.
The society lends moral support to needy families during the seasons.
'Ma'nawi' means 'moral' or 'spiritual'.
من يقرضك الثقة، لا تخذله أبداً.
Whoever lends you trust, never let them down.
'Thiqah' means 'trust'.
تستعرض هذه الدراسة كيف يقرض النظام الرأسمالي الديون للدول النامية كوسيلة للهيمنة.
This study reviews how the capitalist system lends debt to developing nations as a means of hegemony.
'Haymanah' means 'hegemony' or 'dominance'.
يقرض الفيلسوف فكره للأجيال القادمة عبر مؤلفاته العميقة.
The philosopher lends his thought to future generations through his profound works.
Abstract usage of 'lending' thought.
إن البنك الدولي يقرض بشروط هيكلية قد تؤثر على السيادة الوطنية.
The World Bank lends with structural conditions that may affect national sovereignty.
'Haikaliyya' means 'structural'.
يقرض الزمن الحكمة لمن عاش تجارب مريرة وصمد أمامها.
Time lends wisdom to those who lived bitter experiences and withstood them.
Poetic personification of 'Time'.
لا يقرض الشاعر أذنه إلا لمن يفهم بحور الشعر وأوزانه.
The poet does not lend his ear except to those who understand the meters and scales of poetry.
'Buhur' refers to the meters of Arabic poetry.
يقرض هذا الاكتشاف العلمي آفاقاً جديدة للبحث في مجال الطاقة المتجددة.
This scientific discovery lends new horizons for research in the field of renewable energy.
'Afaq' means 'horizons'.
يقرض العرف العشائري في بعض المناطق القوة للقوانين المحلية.
Tribal custom in some regions lends strength to local laws.
'Urf' means 'custom' or 'tradition'.
يقرض الضوء القمر جمالاً في عتمة الليل البهيم.
The light lends the moon beauty in the darkness of the pitch-black night.
'Bahim' means 'pitch-black'.
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
— Used in religious contexts to mean God will reward a lender.
من يقرض المحتاج يقرضه الله.
— (Idiomatic) To compose poetry. Note the different meaning here.
كان جدي يقرض الشعر في شبابه.
— (Metaphorical) To support someone with kind words.
هو يقرض الناس بالكلمة الطيبة.
관용어 및 표현
— To write or compose poetry. It implies 'cutting' words into meter.
هو يقرض الشعر منذ صغره.
Literary— To silence someone or 'cut' their speech (rare/classical).
أقرض لسانه بحجته القوية.
Classical— An interest-free loan given for the sake of God or charity.
أعطاه قرضاً حسناً ليفتح محلاً.
Religious/Formal— To give something very precious or vital to oneself (metaphorical).
الأب يقرض من لحمه ليعيش أبناؤه.
Literary— To take time from something important for something else.
أقرض وقتي لعائلتي رغم انشغالي.
Standard문장 패턴
Subject + يقرض + Object
الأب يقرض الابن.
어휘 가족
명사
동사
형용사
관련
암기하기
기억법
Think of 'Yaqridu' as 'You-Credit-U'. You are giving credit to someone else. Or imagine someone 'cutting' (Q-R-D) a piece of their gold bar to give to you.
시각적 연상
Visualize a pair of scissors (Miqrad) cutting a dollar bill in half to share it. The 'cutting' is the root of the loan.
Word Web
챌린지
Try to use 'يقرض' in a sentence today when you talk about money. Even if you just say it to yourself: 'I will يقرض my friend five dollars.'
어원
The word comes from the Semitic root Q-R-D (ق-ر-ض). In Arabic, the primary meaning of the root is 'to cut' or 'to sever.'
원래 의미: Lending money was viewed as 'cutting off' a piece of one's wealth to give to another.
Afro-Asiatic -> Semitic -> Central Semitic -> Arabic.문화적 맥락
Be careful when discussing interest (Riba) in some religious contexts, as it is a sensitive topic. Use 'يقرض' carefully to imply a helpful loan.
In English, 'lend' is used for everything. In Arabic, remember to be more specific (money vs. objects).
실생활에서 연습하기
실제 사용 상황
At the Bank
- هل يقرض البنك مبالغ للسكن؟
- ما هي شروط الإقراض؟
- أريد من يقرضني بفائدة قليلة.
- البنك لا يقرض بدون عمل.
With Friends
- هل يمكنك أن تقرضني خمسين دولاراً؟
- سأرد لك ما تقرضني غداً.
- شكراً لأنك تقرضني دائماً.
- لا أحب أن أقرض أصدقائي المال.
In the News
- البنك الدولي يقرض الدولة.
- سياسة الإقراض الجديدة.
- توقف البنوك عن الإقراض.
- إقراض بمليارات الدولارات.
Legal/Contracts
- عقد يقرض بموجبه الطرف الأول الطرف الثاني.
- المقرض والمقترض.
- تاريخ الإقراض.
- مبلغ الإقراض الإجمالي.
Religious Discussion
- يقرض الله قرضاً حسناً.
- حكم من يقرض بالربا.
- فضل من يقرض المحتاج.
- القرض في الشريعة.
대화 시작하기
"هل سبق لك أن أقرضت شخصاً مالاً ولم يرده؟ (Have you ever lent someone money and they didn't return it?)"
"هل تفضل أن تقرض أصدقاءك أم تقترض منهم؟ (Do you prefer to lend to your friends or borrow from them?)"
"في رأيك، هل يجب على البنوك أن تقرض الطلاب بدون فوائد؟ (In your opinion, should banks lend to students without interest?)"
"ماذا تفعل إذا طلب منك شخص غريب أن تقرضه هاتفك؟ (What do you do if a stranger asks you to lend them your phone?)"
"هل تقرض المال لأفراد عائلتك عادة؟ (Do you usually lend money to your family members?)"
일기 주제
اكتب عن موقف اضطررت فيه أن تقرض شخصاً شيئاً عزيزاً عليك. (Write about a situation where you had to lend someone something dear to you.)
هل تعتقد أن إقراض المال يفسد الصداقات؟ ولماذا؟ (Do you think lending money ruins friendships? Why?)
صف شعورك عندما يقرضك شخص ما مالاً وأنت في ضائقة. (Describe your feeling when someone lends you money while you are in distress.)
ناقش سياسة الإقراض في بلدك وهل هي عادلة؟ (Discuss the lending policy in your country and whether it is fair.)
تخيل أنك تملك بنكاً، لمن ستقرر أن تقرض المال؟ (Imagine you own a bank; to whom would you decide to lend money?)
Summary
Use 'يقرض' (yaqridu) when you are the one giving money as a loan. Example: 'The bank lends money' (البنك يقرض المال).
- A verb meaning 'to lend,' primarily used for money or items that will be replaced by an equivalent.
- Common in financial, legal, and social contexts across the Arabic-speaking world.
- Distinguished from 'yu'iru' (lending a specific object) and 'yastaqridu' (to borrow).
- Root Q-R-D relates to 'cutting,' symbolizing cutting off a piece of wealth to lend.
예시
هل يمكنك أن تقرضني كتابك؟
관련 콘텐츠
work 관련 단어
أعمل
A1나는 은행에서 일한다.
عاملة
A1여성 노동자 또는 직원. 직업을 가지고 일하는 여성을 의미합니다.
عاطل
A2실업자, 직업이 없는. 일자리가 없는 상태를 나타냅니다.
عمل (verb)
A1일하다 또는 의도적으로 행동하다. 직업이나 특정 업무를 설명할 때 사용됩니다.
عن بعد
A2물리적으로 그 자리에 있지 않고 멀리서 무언가를 하는 것을 의미합니다.
أَدَاء
B1과업이 수행되거나 성취되는 방식. 성과, 공연.
إدارات
A2조직이나 회사를 운영하고 관리하는 부서들을 말해.
أخلاقي
A2옳고 그름에 관한 거야. 도덕적인 가치관을 지키며 행동하는 것을 말해.
اخْتِصَاص
B2특정 학문 분야 또는 전문 지식.
العمل
A2'العمل'이라는 단어는 '일' 또는 '행동'을 의미합니다. 전문적인 직업뿐만 아니라 목적을 달성하기 위한 모든 노력을 포함합니다.
