But vs. However: 무엇이 다른가요?
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'but' to join two ideas in one sentence, and 'however' to start a new, more formal sentence.
- Use 'but' with a comma to connect two clauses: 'I'm tired, but I'm working.'
- Use 'however' at the start of a new sentence followed by a comma.
- Never use 'however' as a simple replacement for 'but' between two commas.
Overview
but과 however가 있습니다.but은 두 문장을 하나로 끈끈하게 이어주는 '접속사'의 역할을 하고, however는 앞 문장과 뒷 문장의 논리적 관계를 설명해주는 '부사'의 역할을 합니다. 이 미묘한 차이를 모르면 글의 흐름이 어색해지거나, 비즈니스 이메일이나 보고서에서 자칫 격식 없는 인상을 줄 수 있습니다. 이번 가이드에서는 한국어와의 비교를 통해 but과 however를 언제, 어떻게, 왜 다르게 써야 하는지 완벽하게 파헤쳐 보겠습니다. 이 내용을 마스터하면 여러분의 영어는 훨씬 더 세련되고 논리적으로 변할 것입니다.but과 however의 차이를 이해하는 가장 빠른 방법은 이들이 문장 안에서 어떤 '신분'을 가지고 있는지 확인하는 것입니다.but: 등위 접속사 (Coordinating Conjunction)but은 영어의 'FANBOYS'(for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) 중 하나로, 문법적으로 대등한 두 요소를 연결하는 등위 접속사입니다. 한국어의 연결 어미인 -지만과 매우 유사한 성격을 가집니다.- 한국어 예시:
비가 오지만 나는 산책을 갔다.
- 영어 예시:
It rained, but I went for a walk.
but은 앞뒤의 문장을 하나의 긴 문장으로 묶어주는 '풀' 같은 역할을 합니다. 그래서 but 앞에는 보통 쉼표(comma)가 붙어 두 생각이 긴밀하게 연결되어 있음을 보여줍니다.however: 접속 부사 (Conjunctive Adverb)however는 접속 부사입니다. 이름에 '부사'가 들어가는 것에 주목하세요. 부사는 문장 구조에 직접적인 영향을 주기보다는 의미를 보충해주는 역할을 합니다. 한국어의 문장 부사인 «하지만», «그렇지만», «그러나»와 비슷합니다. 문장 전체를 수식하며 앞 문장과의 논리적 대조를 나타내죠.- 한국어 예시:
비가 왔다. 하지만 나는 산책을 갔다.
- 영어 예시:
It rained. However, I went for a walk.
however는 but처럼 두 문장을 물리적으로 하나로 합칠 힘이 없습니다. 그래서 마침표(.)나 세미콜론(;)을 사용해 문장을 먼저 끊어준 뒤, 새로운 문장의 시작이나 중간에 삽입되어 대조의 의미를 더해줍니다.but으로 문장을 시작하는 것은 (현대 구어체에서는 허용되기도 하지만) 원칙적으로는 피하는 것이 좋습니다. 반대로 however는 문장 어디든 들어갈 수 있는 자유로운 부사입니다.but (접속사) | however (부사) |-지만 (연결 어미) | 하지만 / 그러나 (문장 부사) |but의 패턴but은 두 개의 독립된 문장(절)을 연결할 때 반드시 앞에 쉼표를 씁니다.- 패턴:
[문장 1], but [문장 2]. - 예시:
I wanted to call you, but I lost my phone.(너한테 전화하고 싶었어, 그런데 휴대폰을 잃어버렸어.) - 주의: 단순히 단어와 단어를 연결할 때는 쉼표를 쓰지 않습니다. (예:
He is small but strong.)
however의 패턴however는 세 가지 방식으로 쓰일 수 있습니다.- 패턴 A (가장 일반적):
[문장 1]. However, [문장 2]. - 예시:
The project was successful. However, we missed the deadline.(프로젝트는 성공적이었다. 하지만 우리는 마감 기한을 놓쳤다.) - 포인트:
However뒤에 반드시 쉼표(,)를 찍어야 합니다.
- 패턴 B (세미콜론 사용):
[문장 1]; however, [문장 2]. - 예시:
The coffee shop was crowded; however, we found a seat.(카페는 붐볐다. 그렇지만 우리는 자리를 찾았다.) - 포인트: 마침표 대신 세미콜론을 써서 두 문장이 밀접하게 관련되어 있음을 보여줍니다.
- 패턴 C (문장 중간 삽입):
[문장 2의 주어], however, [나머지 문장]. - 예시:
The results, however, were not as good as expected.(하지만 그 결과는 기대만큼 좋지 않았다.) - 포인트: 강조하고 싶은 단어 뒤에 콤마와 함께 삽입하여 문장을 더 세련되게 만듭니다.
but: 친구와 카톡을 하거나, 카페에서 수다를 떨 때, 혹은 가벼운 이메일을 쓸 때 사용합니다. 일상적인 대화의 90%는but으로 해결됩니다.- 예:
I tried the new delivery app, but it was too slow.(새 배달 앱 써봤는데, 너무 느리더라.) however: 회사 보고서, 대학교 에세이, 공식적인 발표, 비즈니스 미팅에서 사용합니다.however를 쓰면 대화의 톤이 한 단계 격상됩니다.- 예:
The quarterly sales increased. However, the net profit decreased.(분기 매출은 증가했습니다. 하지만 순이익은 감소했습니다.)
but은 앞뒤 내용을 가볍게 반전시킵니다. 듣는 사람이 예상할 수 있는 수준의 가벼운 대조에 적합합니다.however는 더 강한 멈춤(pause)을 유도합니다. 마침표 뒤에However,라고 시작하면 독자는 «아, 이제 정말 중요한 반대 내용이 나오겠구나»라고 심리적 준비를 하게 됩니다. 예상치 못한 결과나 중요한 반론을 제기할 때 효과적입니다.
but으로만 연결하면 글이 단조롭고 유치해 보일 수 있습니다. 반대로 모든 문장에 however를 넣으면 너무 딱딱하고 읽기 힘든 글이 됩니다.- 팁: 짧고 빠른 리듬이 필요할 때는
but을, 논리적이고 깊이 있는 설명이 필요할 때는however를 적절히 섞어 쓰세요.
However를 but처럼 사용하기 (Comma Splice)- 틀린 예:
He is rich, however he is not happy.(X) - 설명:
however는 접속사가 아니기 때문에 쉼표 하나로 두 문장을 연결할 수 없습니다. - 맞는 예:
He is rich. However, he is not happy.(O) 또는He is rich; however, he is not happy.(O)
But으로 문장 시작하기 (Sentence Initial But)But, I don't think so.라고 쓰는 경우가 많습니다.- 설명: 현대 구어체에서는 자주 쓰이지만, 토익(TOEIC)이나 아이엘츠(IELTS) 같은 시험, 혹은 격식 있는 글쓰기에서는 감점 요인이 될 수 있습니다. 문장 맨 앞에는
However를 쓰는 습관을 들이는 것이 안전합니다.
Although와 but을 동시에 쓰기 (Double Conjunction)- 틀린 예:
Although it was cold, but we went out.(X) - 설명: 영어에서는 한 문장에 대조를 나타내는 접속사를 하나만 써야 합니다.
Although를 썼다면but은 빼야 합니다. - 맞는 예:
Although it was cold, we went out.(O)
but과 however 외에도 대조를 나타내는 표현들은 많습니다. 상황에 따라 골라 써보세요.Yet | but보다 조금 더 격식 있고, '여전히'라는 뉘앙스가 섞인 대조 | It's a small house, yet it feels spacious. |Nevertheless | however보다 훨씬 더 격식 있는 표현. «그럼에도 불구하고» | The stock market crashed; nevertheless, he remained calm. |Though / Although | «~임에도 불구하고»라는 양보의 의미를 담은 접속사 | Although she was tired, she finished her homework. |On the other hand | 두 가지 사실을 비교하거나 대조할 때 (반면에) | I love the city. My wife, on the other hand, prefers the country. |but 뒤에 쉼표를 찍어야 하나요?However,처럼 But,이라고 쓰시는데, but은 접속사라 뒤에 쉼표를 찍지 않습니다. 쉼표는 but 앞에 옵니다. (예: ..., but I ...)however는 문장 끝에 올 수도 있나요?- 예:
I don't have much money. I'll buy it, however.(돈은 별로 없지만, 어쨌든 살 거야.)
however 앞에는 쉼표를 찍어줍니다.but을 쓰면 무례한가요?However,를 사용하는 것이 훨씬 정중하고 전문적인 인상을 줍니다.however를 문장 중간에 넣는 이유가 뭔가요?The weather, however, was beautiful.이라고 하면 '날씨'라는 화제에 대해 대조가 일어나고 있음을 더 명확하게 보여줍니다. 글의 리듬감을 살리는 고급 기술이죠.but과 however의 차이가 명확해지셨나요? 요약하자면, 친구와 편하게 말할 때는 but을, 조금 더 격식 있고 논리적으로 보이고 싶을 때는 however를 선택하세요. 그리고 however를 쓸 때는 마침표와 쉼표를 잊지 마시고요! 이 작은 차이가 여러분의 영어를 '초보'에서 '중급'으로 바꿔줄 것입니다. 쉽죠? 오늘 배운 패턴을 활용해 카톡이나 이메일에 직접 써보세요!Punctuation Patterns for Contrast
| Connector | Position | Preceding Punctuation | Following Punctuation |
|---|---|---|---|
|
but
|
Middle of sentence
|
Comma (,)
|
None
|
|
however
|
Start of sentence
|
Period (.)
|
Comma (,)
|
|
however
|
Middle (joining clauses)
|
Semicolon (;)
|
Comma (,)
|
|
however
|
Middle (parenthetical)
|
Comma (,)
|
Comma (,)
|
|
but
|
Start of sentence (informal)
|
None
|
None
|
Meanings
Both words are used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or contradicts what has just been said.
Direct Contrast
Showing a simple difference between two facts.
“He is tall, but his brother is short.”
“The car is old. However, it is very reliable.”
Concession
Acknowledging a fact before introducing a surprising contrast.
“It was expensive, but worth it.”
“The plan was risky. However, they decided to proceed anyway.”
Interruption/Correction
Using the word to stop a flow of thought and pivot.
“But wait, there's more!”
“The results were positive. However, we must consider the margin of error.”
Reference Table
| 특징 | But | However |
|---|---|---|
|
문법적 역할
|
등위 접속사
|
접속 부사
|
|
문장 부호
|
앞에 쉼표(절 연결 시)
|
앞에 세미콜론(;) 또는 마침표(.), 뒤에 쉼표(,)
|
|
어조
|
비격식적, 편안함, 직접적
|
격식적, 체계적, 강한 대조
|
|
연결 대상
|
한 문장 내 두 개의 절
|
두 개의 문장 또는 독립절
|
|
사용
|
간단한 대조, 예외
|
중요한 변화, 더 복잡한 아이디어
|
|
문장 시작
|
비격식적으로 흔함 (격식적으론 덜함)
|
매우 흔함, 항상 뒤에 쉼표(,)
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
I would like to assist you; however, I am currently unavailable. (Offering assistance)
I want to help, but I'm busy right now. (Offering assistance)
I'd help, but I can't. (Offering assistance)
Wish I could help, but nah. (Offering assistance)
But vs. However: 개념 지도
But
- Coordinating Conjunction 두 개의 독립절을 연결해요.
- Casual/Informal 일상 대화와 글에서 사용돼요.
- Comma Punctuation 일반적으로 쉼표가 앞에 와요.
However
- Conjunctive Adverb 두 개의 문장이나 독립절을 연결해요.
- Formal/Structured 더 격식 있거나 학술적인 맥락에서 사용돼요.
- Semicolon/Period Punctuation 앞에 세미콜론(;) 또는 마침표(.), 뒤에 쉼표(,)와 같은 특정 문장 부호가 필요해요.
But vs. However: 빠른 비교
But 또는 However 선택하기: 흐름도
두 개의 대조되는 아이디어를 연결하고 있나요?
두 부분 모두 독립적으로 설 수 있는 완전한 문장인가요?
캐주얼하고 직접적인 어조를 원하나요?
더 격식 있는 어조나 두 개의 별개 생각 사이의 더 강한 대조가 필요한가요?
맥락이 중요해요!
BUT을 사용할 때:
- • 친구에게 문자 보내기
- • 캐주얼한 대화
- • 넷플릭스 자막
- • 빠른 모순
HOWEVER를 사용할 때:
- • 취업 면접
- • 격식 있는 이메일
- • 학술 논문
- • 프레젠테이션
수준별 예문
I am tall, but my sister is short.
I am tall, but my sister is short.
It is sunny, but it is cold.
It is sunny, but it is cold.
I like tea, but I hate coffee.
I like tea, but I hate coffee.
She is tired, but she is happy.
She is tired, but she is happy.
The food was good, but the service was slow.
The food was good, but the service was slow.
I want to go. However, I have no money.
I want to go. However, I have no money.
He studied hard, but he failed the test.
He studied hard, but he failed the test.
It was a long trip. However, it was fun.
It was a long trip. However, it was fun.
We arrived on time, but the meeting had already started.
We arrived on time, but the meeting had already started.
The company is growing. However, profits are still low.
The company is growing. However, profits are still low.
I've seen that movie, but I don't remember the ending.
I've seen that movie, but I don't remember the ending.
The app is free; however, you must pay for extra features.
The app is free; however, you must pay for extra features.
The research is promising, but further testing is required.
The research is promising, but further testing is required.
The government promised reform. However, little has changed so far.
The government promised reform. However, little has changed so far.
She was exhausted; however, she refused to stop running.
She was exhausted; however, she refused to stop running.
The design is beautiful. It is, however, very difficult to build.
The design is beautiful. It is, however, very difficult to build.
The policy is effective in theory, but its practical application remains problematic.
The policy is effective in theory, but its practical application remains problematic.
The economy is recovering. However, the unemployment rate remains stubbornly high.
The economy is recovering. However, the unemployment rate remains stubbornly high.
He was a brilliant scientist, but his social skills were notoriously lacking.
He was a brilliant scientist, but his social skills were notoriously lacking.
The evidence is compelling; however, it does not constitute absolute proof.
The evidence is compelling; however, it does not constitute absolute proof.
The prose is elegant, but the narrative arc feels somewhat contrived.
The prose is elegant, but the narrative arc feels somewhat contrived.
The treaty was signed in haste. However, the long-term implications were not fully considered.
The treaty was signed in haste. However, the long-term implications were not fully considered.
The system is robust; however, it is not entirely immune to sophisticated cyber-attacks.
The system is robust; however, it is not entirely immune to sophisticated cyber-attacks.
The protagonist is flawed, but her resilience makes her deeply sympathetic.
The protagonist is flawed, but her resilience makes her deeply sympathetic.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners try to use both in the same sentence.
They mean the same thing, but 'nevertheless' is much more formal.
Both are FANBOYS, but 'yet' implies a sense of surprise.
자주 하는 실수
I like cat but I like dog.
I like cats, but I like dogs.
But I am hungry.
I am hungry.
I am tall but, he is short.
I am tall, but he is short.
He is rich but he is sad.
He is rich, but he is sad.
I like coffee, however I hate tea.
I like coffee. However, I hate tea.
The car is old however it works.
The car is old; however, it works.
I am tired however, I will go.
I am tired. However, I will go.
We wanted to go, however, it rained.
We wanted to go; however, it rained.
The plan was good but, it was too expensive.
The plan was good, but it was too expensive.
However I tried, I failed.
However hard I tried, I failed.
The results were significant, however, they were not conclusive.
The results were significant; however, they were not conclusive.
But, the evidence suggests otherwise.
However, the evidence suggests otherwise.
He was however, a good man.
He was, however, a good man.
문장 패턴
I like ___, but I don't like ___.
The weather was ___. However, we decided to ___.
___ is a great city; however, it is very ___.
The project, however, was ___ by the ___.
Real World Usage
I'm coming but I'll be late!
I haven't worked in retail. However, I have great people skills.
The data is limited; however, the trend is clear.
Love the new update but the UI is weird.
I'd like the burger, but without onions please.
We received your request. However, we need more information.
문장 부호 조심하세요!
The weather was bad; however, we still went out.
'But'은 흐름을 생각하세요!
헷갈리면 문장을 나눠보세요!
I wanted to help. However, I was busy.
격식 있는 느낌 vs. 편안한 느낌
However, we need to consider the budget.
소리 내어 읽어보세요
vs. It's a good idea. However, it's expensive."다양한 연결어를 사용하세요!
He is rich, yet he is unhappy.
Smart Tips
It is almost certainly 'However'.
Replace 'but' with 'however' to sound more polite and competent.
Put 'however' between two commas right after the subject.
Stick to 'but'. Using 'however' too much in a bar or with friends can sound a bit stiff.
발음
But Stress
In normal speech, 'but' is usually unstressed and sounds like /bət/.
However Pause
There is always a slight pause after 'however' when it starts a sentence, indicated by the comma.
Contrastive Rise
I like it, ↗ but... ↘
The voice rises on the first clause and falls after 'but'.
암기하기
기억법
BUT is a Bridge (connects one sentence). HOWEVER is a Highway (moves you between two sentences).
시각적 연상
Imagine 'but' as a small piece of tape holding two papers together. Imagine 'however' as a large signpost standing between two separate buildings.
Rhyme
Use 'but' to stay in the same place, use 'however' to start a new space.
Story
A traveler reached a river. He wanted to cross, BUT he had no boat. He looked around for hours. HOWEVER, he eventually found a bridge further downstream.
Word Web
챌린지
Write three sentences about your favorite food. Use 'but' in the first, 'however' at the start of the second, and 'however' with a semicolon in the third.
문화 노트
British speakers often use 'mind you' as an informal alternative to 'however' at the end of a sentence.
In US and UK universities, starting a sentence with 'But' is often discouraged by professors to promote a more formal 'However'.
Using 'however' in emails is seen as a way to soften bad news or a disagreement.
'But' comes from Old English 'be-utan', meaning 'outside'. 'However' is a combination of 'how' and 'ever', appearing in Middle English.
대화 시작하기
Do you prefer city life or country life? (Use 'but')
What is a movie you liked? (Use 'however')
Discuss the pros and cons of social media.
Argue for or against remote work.
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
The concert was sold out, ___ we still managed to get tickets from a friend.
Find and fix the mistake:
The restaurant was fully booked, however we found a table at a cafe nearby.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Quería ir al cine, pero tenía que trabajar.'
Answer starts with: ["I...
Score: /4
연습 문제
8 exercisesI love swimming, ___ I don't like the ocean.
The exam was difficult. ___, I passed.
Find and fix the mistake:
I am tired, however I will finish.
It was raining, but we went to the park.
1. But, 2. However, 3. Nevertheless
A: Did you like the hotel? B: It was clean. ___, it was too noisy.
Choose the correct one:
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesI love playing video games, ___ I'm terrible at them.
The forecast predicted rain; but, the sun came out.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Me gustaría ayudarte. Sin embargo, no tengo tiempo libre ahora.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the terms:
The new policy faced some opposition; ___, it was ultimately approved.
We planned a picnic, however the weather turned bad.
Select the grammatically correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Aunque el café estaba caliente, lo bebí rápidamente.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Complete the sentences:
Score: /12
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
Yes, you can, especially in informal writing or speech. However, in very formal academic essays, it is better to use `However` or `Nevertheless`.
The comma signals a pause, showing that `however` is a transition word (conjunctive adverb) and not part of the subject or verb.
Yes, significantly. `But` is neutral and common in speech, while `however` is the standard for professional and academic writing.
Usually, no. It would be redundant. Choose the one that fits your punctuation and register.
A comma splice is when you join two full sentences with only a comma. Using `however` with just a comma (e.g., 'I'm tired, however I'm going') is a classic comma splice.
Yes! For example: 'The food was expensive. It was delicious, however.' This is common in spoken English.
If it is joining two independent clauses (full sentences), yes. If it is just joining two words (e.g., 'small but strong'), no comma is needed.
They are very similar, but `nevertheless` is even more formal and emphasizes that something happened *despite* the previous point.
Scaffolded Practice
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Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
pero / sin embargo
Punctuation rules for 'pero' are slightly more relaxed than for 'but'.
mais / pourtant
French 'mais' can be used at the start of a sentence more formally than 'but'.
aber / jedoch
German 'jedoch' can move around the sentence much like 'however'.
demo / shikashi
Japanese doesn't use a comma before 'demo' in the same way English uses one before 'but'.
lakin / ma'a dhalika
Arabic sentences are often much longer, using 'but' to connect multiple ideas.
danshi / ran'er
The 'Although... but...' double connector is the biggest hurdle for Chinese learners.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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영어문법 But vs However의 차이점 쉽게 설명해드릴게요!
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