Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
'Come across' means finding something by accident or giving people a specific impression of your personality.
- Use it for accidental discovery: 'I came across an old letter.' (max 20 words)
- Use 'as' for impressions: 'She comes across as very confident.'
- Never separate the verb: 'I came across it,' not 'I came it across.'
Overview
come across와 관련이 있습니다.I came across to it이라고 말하면 안 되는지도 알아볼 것입니다. 여러분의 영어가 가능한 한 자연스럽고 유창하게
comes across 되도록 만들어 봅시다.How This Grammar Works
Come across는 우리가 '분리할 수 없는 구동사'라고 부르는 것입니다. 이것은 come과 across가 절친한 친구이며 절대 떨어지고 싶어 하지 않는다는 것을 의미합니다.I came across the book이라고 말합니다. 절대 I came the book across라고 말하지 마세요.
The book was come across by me라고 말하지 않을 것입니다.
as라는 단어를 추가합니다. 이것은 그 인물과 그들이 보여주는 자질을 연결합니다.as가 없으면 문장이 미완성인 것처럼 느껴질 때가 많습니다. come across를 다리라고 생각하세요. 우연히 발견한 것과 여러분을 연결하거나, 여러분의 행동과 사람들이 여러분을 어떻게 판단하는지를 연결합니다.
Formation Pattern
Subject + come across + Object.
I came across a rare vinyl record.
Subject + come across + as + Adjective/Noun.
She comes across as a total professional.
Subject (The idea) + come across.
Did my meaning come across?
come은 불규칙 동사라는 점에 유의하세요. 과거형으로 만들려면 바꿔야 합니다. 어제 일어난 일에는 came을 사용하세요. 과거 분사에는 come(기본형과 동일)을 사용하세요. 현재의 분위기에 대해 이야기하고 있다면 현재 진행형을 사용하세요: You are coming across as a bit stressed today. 어떤 시제이든 across를 come 바로 옆에 두어야 한다는 점을 기억하세요.
When To Use It
come across 했거나, 숲을 걷다가 숨겨진 폭포를 come across 했을 것입니다.found라고 말하는 것보다 훨씬 구체적입니다. 노력의 부재를 암시합니다. 사교적인 맥락에서는 '~처럼 보이는' 버전을 사용하세요.come across 되고 싶을 것입니다. SNS에서도 사용해 보세요: Your Instagram caption comes across as a bit sarcastic. 전문적인 피드백에서도 매우 흔합니다: "The team’s message didn't come across clearly in the meeting." 어떤 인물이나 프로젝트의 '분위기'나 '톤'에 대해 이야기하는 데 도움이 됩니다.
Common Mistakes
I는 전형적인 오류입니다. 함께 두세요! 또 다른 큰 실수는 불필요한 전치사를 추가하는 것입니다. 사람들은 종종camethe solutionacross
I came across with a problem이라고 말합니다. 아니요, 그냥 I came across a problem이라고 말하세요. with라는 단어는 불필요한 혼란입니다. 또한, 인물의 성격을 묘사할 때 as를 잊지 마세요. He comes across arrogant라고 말하는 것은 속어에서 흔하지만, C1 수준에서는 그 as가 필요합니다: He comes across as arrogant. 마지막으로 run into와 혼동하지 마세요. run into는 아는 사람을 만날 때 사용하지만, come across는 보통 물건이나 정보에 사용됩니다. 누군가를 come across 했다면, 아마도 책에서 그 사람의 이름을 발견했거나 데이팅 앱에서 프로필을 발견했을 것입니다. 상점에서 물리적으로 마주친 것이 아닙니다.Contrast With Similar Patterns
seem이나 appear와 어떻게 비교될까요? seem은 매우 광범위합니다: You seem tired. Come across as는 타인에게 투영하는 구체적인 이미지에 더 가깝습니다. 단순한 내면적 감정이 아니라 외부 시그널에 관한 것입니다.find와 비교해 보세요. 여러분은 열쇠를 찾았기 때문에 find 합니다.come across 하는 것은 우주가 친절했기 때문입니다. 모든 것은 의도의 문제입니다. 그런 다음 come over가 있습니다.come across as와 매우 비슷하지만, come over는 갑작스럽고 일시적인 감정에 자주 사용됩니다: A wave of sadness come over him. Come across는 일관된 인상에 관한 것입니다. 원어민처럼 들리고 싶다면 첫인상과 예기치 않은 발견에 come across를 사용하세요.Quick FAQ
친구를 만날 때 사용할 수 있나요?
보통은 아닙니다. 친구에게는 run into를, 그들의 SNS 프로필에는 come across를 사용하세요.
격식 있는 표현인가요, 비격식 있는 표현인가요?
둘 다입니다! 비즈니스 보고서나 절친에게 보내는 문자 메시지에서도 잘 작동합니다.
수동태가 있나요?
아니요, 능동태 전용 동사입니다. 수동태로 만들려고 하지 마세요. 결과가 좋지 않을 것입니다.
The message came across와 I came across the message의 차이점은 무엇인가요?
전자는 메시지가 이해되었다는 뜻입니다. 후자는 메시지를 우연히 발견했다는 뜻입니다.
2. Negative Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage |
|---|---|---|
|
do not come across
|
don't come across
|
General negative
|
|
does not come across
|
doesn't come across
|
Third person negative
|
|
did not come across
|
didn't come across
|
Past negative
|
Conjugation of 'Come Across'
| Tense | Subject | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Present Simple
|
I/You/We/They
|
come across
|
I often come across old coins.
|
|
Present Simple
|
He/She/It
|
comes across
|
He comes across as very smart.
|
|
Past Simple
|
All subjects
|
came across
|
We came across a small problem.
|
|
Present Perfect
|
I/You/We/They
|
have come across
|
I have come across this before.
|
|
Past Perfect
|
All subjects
|
had come across
|
She had come across the map earlier.
|
|
Future
|
All subjects
|
will come across
|
You will come across many obstacles.
|
|
Continuous
|
All subjects
|
is/are coming across
|
He is coming across as quite rude.
|
Meanings
To meet or find someone or something by chance, or to behave in a way that makes people believe you have a particular characteristic.
Accidental Discovery
To find something or meet someone unexpectedly.
“I came across a fascinating article about space travel yesterday.”
“If you come across any errors in the text, please let me know.”
Personal Impression
To give a specific impression of one's character or personality to others.
“He comes across as a bit arrogant, but he's actually quite shy.”
“I hope I didn't come across as rude during the meeting.”
Clarity of Communication
When an idea or emotion is expressed clearly and understood by others.
“Your point didn't really come across in the final paragraph.”
“The speaker's enthusiasm came across clearly to the audience.”
Reference Table
| 의미 | 구조 | 예시 (발견) | 예시 (인상) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Find by chance
|
come across + object
|
I came across an old photo.
|
–
|
|
Seem / Appear
|
come across as + adj
|
–
|
She comes across as shy.
|
|
Seem / Appear
|
come across like + noun
|
–
|
His speech came across like a lecture.
|
|
Make a good impression
|
come across well
|
–
|
They came across well in the interview.
|
|
Make a bad impression
|
come across badly
|
–
|
His joke came across badly.
|
|
Encounter (person)
|
come across + person
|
We came across a friend.
|
–
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
The candidate conveyed an image of great competence. (Job Interview)
The candidate came across as very competent. (Job Interview)
The candidate seemed like they knew their stuff. (Job Interview)
The candidate had a really good vibe. (Job Interview)
수준별 예문
I come across a cat in the park.
I found a cat by chance in the park.
She comes across a big house.
She sees a big house by accident.
Did you come across my pen?
Did you find my pen by chance?
I came across a nice shop.
I found a nice shop by accident.
I came across an old book in the library.
I found an old book by chance.
He comes across as a very kind man.
He seems like a very kind man.
We came across some problems during the trip.
We encountered some problems unexpectedly.
Did she come across as angry to you?
Did she seem angry to you?
I was tidying my room when I came across my old diary.
I found my diary while cleaning.
In the interview, he came across as very professional.
He gave a professional impression during the interview.
I've never come across such a strange rule before.
I have never encountered such a weird rule.
The teacher's explanation didn't really come across.
The explanation wasn't clear to the students.
While researching the topic, I came across several conflicting reports.
I found different reports while doing research.
She comes across as being quite reserved until you get to know her.
She seems shy initially.
It's important that your sincerity comes across in your apology.
Your apology must seem sincere.
Have you ever come across anyone who actually likes this movie?
Have you met anyone who likes this?
The CEO comes across as remarkably down-to-earth despite her wealth.
The CEO seems humble despite being rich.
I came across a reference to this obscure poet in a 19th-century journal.
I found a mention of a poet in an old book.
His sarcasm didn't come across well in the email, leading to a misunderstanding.
His sarcasm was misinterpreted because it wasn't clear.
One comes across such blatant disregard for the law far too often these days.
People encounter law-breaking frequently.
The subtle nuances of the protagonist's internal struggle come across beautifully in the final scene.
The character's feelings are perfectly conveyed.
He risks coming across as pedantic if he continues to correct everyone's grammar.
He might seem annoying and overly academic.
Should you come across any discrepancies in the ledger, please flag them immediately.
If you find any errors in the accounts, tell me.
The sheer magnitude of the crisis only truly came across when the statistics were published.
The crisis was only understood after seeing the data.
혼동하기 쉬운
Both start with 'come' and involve 'finding' something, but one is accidental and the other is creative.
Both describe appearance, but 'look like' is purely physical, while 'come across' is about personality.
They mean the same thing, but 'encounter' is much more formal and often implies a challenge.
자주 하는 실수
I came my book across.
I came across my book.
I come across a friend.
I ran into a friend.
He comes across happy.
He comes across as happy.
I will come across it tomorrow.
I hope to come across it tomorrow.
The message came across as clearly.
The message came across clearly.
I came across to a new word.
I came across a new word.
She is coming across as nice.
She comes across as nice.
I came across with a solution.
I came up with a solution.
He came across as a bit of a fool.
He came across as a bit of a fool.
I came across it in the street.
I came across it on the street.
The nuances didn't come across as intended.
The nuances didn't come across as intended.
He comes across as being a bit of a snob.
He comes across as a bit of a snob.
I came across through the files.
I went through the files and came across...
문장 패턴
I was ___ when I came across ___.
He/She comes across as ___, but in reality, he/she is ___.
The ___ didn't really come across in the ___.
Should you come across ___, please ___.
Real World Usage
I want to come across as confident but not arrogant.
I came across a footnote that changed my entire thesis.
I came across this meme and died laughing.
I hope I didn't come across as desperate on our first date.
Did my main point come across clearly to the audience?
You'll never believe what I came across in the attic.
우연한 발견이라고 생각하세요
'as'를 잊지 마세요
미묘한 인상 표현의 달인 되기
Use it to analyze communication styles in job interviews or group projects.
온라인에서의 인상이 중요해요
Aim for clarity and positivity to avoid misunderstandings.
Smart Tips
Always use 'as' and an adjective. It makes you sound more objective and observant.
Use 'come across' instead of 'found' to emphasize that it was a lucky discovery.
Use 'come across' to talk about the message itself rather than blaming the listeners.
Use 'Should you come across' for a very polite, high-level tone.
발음
Stress Pattern
In phrasal verbs, the stress usually falls on the particle (across), not the verb (come).
Linking
The 'm' in 'come' links smoothly to the 'a' in 'across'.
Falling intonation on 'across'
I came a↓cross it.
Standard statement of fact.
암기하기
기억법
When you walk ACROSS a bridge, you might accidentally FIND a coin. When you speak ACROSS a room, you SEEM like a certain person.
시각적 연상
Imagine yourself walking across a giant 'X' on a map. As you step on the center, you look down and see a treasure chest (Finding). Then, imagine a spotlight hitting you as you cross a stage, showing the audience your 'vibe' (Impression).
Rhyme
Find a thing while walking across, show your vibe and be the boss.
Story
I was walking across the park when I came across a lost wallet. I took it to the police station. The officer said I came across as a very honest citizen. I was glad my good intentions came across so clearly.
Word Web
챌린지
Write three sentences: one about something you found in your house today, one about how your favorite celebrity seems to you, and one about a message that was hard to understand.
문화 노트
British speakers often use 'come across' to judge social class or education level subtly. 'He comes across as quite posh.'
In US corporate culture, 'coming across' is tied to 'personal branding.' Employees are often coached on how they come across in meetings.
In peer reviews, scholars use 'come across' to critique the clarity of an argument without being overly aggressive.
The phrase combines the verb 'come' (Old English cuman) with 'across' (from 'a-' + 'cross').
대화 시작하기
What is the most interesting thing you've ever come across while traveling?
How do you think you come across to people when you first meet them?
Have you ever come across a piece of news that completely changed your opinion on a topic?
In your opinion, does the importance of climate change come across clearly in modern media?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
While decluttering my room, I _____ an old diary from my teenage years.
Choose the correct sentence:
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Score: /3
연습 문제
8 exercisesI was looking for my passport when I ___ ___ an old plane ticket.
Which sentence is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
I came the solution across while I was sleeping.
He seems to be a very honest person.
1. I came across a map. 2. He comes across as shy. 3. The message came across.
A: Did you find the error? B: Yes, I ___ ___ it in the third paragraph.
'The author's pain comes across in every line.'
You can say 'I came across him' if you meet a friend at the park.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesIt's important how you _____ in a job interview; first impressions matter.
When I travelled to Paris, I came to an amazing small bakery.
Which sentence is correct?
Translate into English: 'Su actitud en la reunión parecía un poco arrogante.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the sentence beginnings with their appropriate endings.
Her confidence really _____ in her interview, landing her the job.
The manager came across to us like very understanding.
Which sentence is correct?
Translate into English: 'Nunca pensé que me encontraría con tantos problemas en este proyecto.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the meaning to the usage.
Score: /12
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
Yes, but only if you don't know them or are discovering them as a figure (e.g., `I came across a new YouTuber`). If it's a friend, use `ran into`.
It is neutral. It's perfectly fine in a business report or a casual text message.
`Encounter` is more formal and often implies a problem or a challenge. `Come across` is more about the surprise of finding something.
Only when you are describing a personality trait or a role (e.g., `He comes across as a leader`). You don't need it for objects.
No. That would mean you physically moved to the store. `Come across` as a phrasal verb doesn't use 'to' in that way.
It is `came across`. The verb 'come' is irregular (come, came, come).
No. You cannot say `The book was come across by me`. It is always active.
The subject must be the idea. `His meaning didn't come across.` This means people didn't understand him.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Encontrarse con / Dar la impresión de
Spanish uses one verb for both people and things; English splits them.
Tomber sur / Avoir l'air
French uses a 'falling' metaphor, English uses a 'crossing' metaphor.
Stoßen auf / Rüberkommen
German 'rüberkommen' is more informal than 'come across'.
見つける (mitsukeru) / 印象を与える (inshou wo ataeru)
Japanese requires completely different verbs for discovery vs. impression.
صادف (sadafa) / بدا (bada)
Arabic verbs are more distinct and don't share the 'come' root.
偶然发现 (ǒurán fāxiàn) / 给人...的印象 (gěi rén... de yìnxiàng)
Chinese uses descriptive phrases rather than phrasal verbs.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
관련 동영상
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