B1 Verb Tenses 10 min read 보통

현재 완료: 시간 경과에 따른 변화 (have/has + V3)

과거의 변화가 '지금' 어떤 상태나 '결과'를 가져왔는지 설명할 때 쓰는 마법의 공식! 'have/has + V3'를 써서 '과거부터 현재까지'의 이야기를 자연스럽게 '연결'해 보세요.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'have/has + V3' to describe how something has evolved or changed from a past point up until right now.

  • Use 'has' for he/she/it and 'have' for everyone else. Example: 'The city has grown.'
  • Always use the third form (V3) of the verb. Example: 'Prices have risen.'
  • Do NOT use a specific time like 'yesterday' or 'in 2010'. Example: 'My English has improved.'
Subject + 🛠️ (have/has) + 📈 (V3 Verb) = ✨ Change

Overview

5년 전 자신의 사진을 보며 «와, 내가 저런 걸 입었었나?» 혹은 «그때 이후로 정말 많이 변했네»라고 생각한 적이 있나요? 그 깨달음이 바로 오늘 우리가 이야기할 주제입니다. 영어에서 발전, 성장, 또는 과거의 모습이 현재 어떻게 변했는지에 대해 말하고 싶을 때, 우리는 Present Perfect(현재완료)를 사용합니다. 이것은 말하자면 영어의 '환골탈태(glow-up)' 시제입니다. 그 머리 스타일이 실수였다고 결정한 정확한 순간을 꼬집지 않고도 과거의 나와 현재의 나 사이의 간극을 메워줍니다.
시간이 지남에 따라 변하는 것에 대해 이야기할 때, 우리는 과거의 단 한 순간만을 보는 것이 아닙니다. 우리는 하나의 '여정'을 보고 있는 것입니다. 여러분의 영어 실력을 예로 들어보겠습니다.
오늘 아침에 일어났더니 갑자기 Present Perfect를 알게 된 것은 아니죠? 점진적으로 일어난 일입니다. 이를 표현하기 위해
My English has improved.
라고 말합니다.
이는 과거에 여러분의 영어가 레벨 A였다면 지금은 레벨 B라는 것을 의미합니다. Present Perfect는 이 두 지점 사이의 다리입니다. 변화의 *결과*나 *현재 상태*에 초점을 맞추기 때문에 매우 유용합니다.
스포티파이 감상 습관, 게임 랭킹, 혹은 동네의 새로운 힙한 카페에 대해 이야기할 때 이 문법은 진화 과정을 설명하는 데 도움을 줍니다.
I bought a car
(단발성 사건)라고 말하는 것과
The price of cars has increased
(시간에 따른 변화 과정)라고 말하는 것의 차이입니다.

How This Grammar Works

Present Perfect의 마법은 그 이름에 있습니다. 현재와 관련이 있기 때문에 'present'이고, (언어학적 의미에서) *지금* 중요한 완료되었거나 진행 중인 동작을 보기 때문에 'perfect'입니다. 시간의 흐름에 따른 변화에 사용할 때, 우리는 본질적으로 «이전에는 달랐지만, 과거에 시작된 과정 덕분에 지금은 *이렇다*»라고 말하는 것입니다.
이것은 매우 역동적인 시제입니다. 움직임이 있어요! Past Simple(단순과거)처럼 정지된 스냅샷이 아닙니다.
친구에게
You have become so much more confident
라고 말한다면, 처음 만났을 때부터 그들이 성장한 것을 칭찬하는 것입니다. 지난달 특정 화요일에 대해 말하는 것이 아니라, 그들의 여정 전체에 대해 말하는 것입니다.

Formation Pattern

1
이 시제를 만드는 것은 간단한 레시피를 따르는 것과 같습니다. 세 가지 주요 재료만 있으면 됩니다.
2
주어 (The Subject): 변화한 사람이나 사물 (예: I, You, The city, Technology).
3
도우미 (The Helper): have 또는 has를 사용합니다.
4
he, she, it(또는 '날씨', '인터넷'처럼 'it'으로 바꿀 수 있는 것)에는 has를 사용합니다.
5
그 외의 모든 경우(I, you, we, they)에는 have를 사용합니다.
6
과거분사 (The Past Participle - V3): 규칙 동사의 경우 단순히 -ed로 끝납니다(improved, changed 등). 불규칙 동사의 경우 학교에서 암기했던 세 번째 형태입니다(grown, become, risen 등).
7
Quick Formula: 주어 + have/has + 과거분사 (V3).

When To Use It

변화에 대해 이야기할 때 주로 네 가지 상황에서 이 시제를 사용하게 됩니다.
  • 개인적 성장 및 기술:
    My coding skills have developed significantly.
    이는 줌 면접에서 단순히 «코딩을 배웠다»고 말하는 것보다 훨씬 더 전문적으로 들립니다.
  • 신체적 변화: 3년 만에 만난 사촌에게
    너 정말 많이 컸구나! (You have grown so much!)
    라고 말할 때.
  • 사회적 및 환경적 변화:
    The cost of living has risen lately(최근 생활비가 올랐다)
    또는
    The climate has changed
    등.
  • 기술 및 트렌드:
    Social media has transformed the way we communicate.

Common Mistakes

  • 'Has'의 누락: 3인칭 단수에서 has를 사용하는 것을 잊는 것.
    The city have changed
    라고 말할 수도 있겠지만, 틀렸습니다! 'The city'는 'it'이므로 has가 필요합니다.
  • 단순과거의 함정: 변화가 여전히 관련이 있는데 Past Simple을 사용하는 것.
    The weather changed lately
    는 한 번 일어나고 끝난 일처럼 들립니다.
    The weather has changed lately
    는 지금 겪고 있는 현재의 추세처럼 느껴집니다.
  • 분사 혼동: 동사의 잘못된 형태를 사용하는 것.
    The price has fallen
    이지
    The price has fell
    이 아닙니다.

Contrast With Similar Patterns

  • Past Simple: 특정하고 종료된 순간에 사용합니다.
    I bought a new phone yesterday.
    동작이 완료되었으며, 지도의 점과 같습니다.
  • Present Perfect: *지금* 중요한 과정이나 결과에 사용합니다.
    I have upgraded my phone.
    언제 일어났는지가 아니라, 이전보다 더 좋은 휴대폰을 가지고 있다는 사실에 초점을 맞춥니다.

Quick FAQ

Q

yesterday 같은 특정 시간과 함께 사용할 수 있나요?

아니요! 그것은 큰 문법적 실수입니다. 특정 시간이 있다면 Past Simple을 사용하세요.

Q

꼭 좋은 변화여야 하나요?

전혀 아닙니다.

건강이 나빠졌다(has declined)
거나 «카페 서비스가 안 좋아졌다»고 말할 수 있습니다. 좋든 나쁘든 모든 변화에 사용 가능합니다.

Conjugating 'To Change' (Present Perfect)

Subject Auxiliary Past Participle (V3) Example
I
have
changed
I have changed my mind.
You
have
changed
You have changed a lot.
He/She/It
has
changed
The weather has changed.
We
have
changed
We have changed our plans.
They
have
changed
They have changed the rules.

Common Contractions

Full Form Contraction Pronunciation Hint
I have
I've
Rhymes with 'five'
You have
You've
Sounds like 'yoov'
He has
He's
Sounds like 'heez'
She has
She's
Sounds like 'sheez'
It has
It's
Sounds like 'its'
We have
We've
Sounds like 'weev'
They have
They've
Sounds like 'theiv'

Meanings

This specific use of the Present Perfect describes a process of change that happened over a period of time leading up to the present moment.

1

Physical Growth/Evolution

Describing biological or physical changes in people, animals, or plants.

“My little nephew has grown so much!”

“The puppy has become a huge dog.”

2

Abstract Trends

Describing changes in prices, technology, or social habits.

“Gas prices have gone up again.”

“Technology has advanced rapidly in the last decade.”

3

Skill Development

Highlighting progress in learning or professional abilities.

“She has mastered the art of coding.”

“Our team has become more efficient.”

Reference Table

Reference table for 현재 완료: 시간 경과에 따른 변화 (have/has + V3)
변화의 종류 Structure Example 왜 이 시제가 맞을까?
개인적 성장
Subject + have/has + V3
She `has become` a great leader.
과거의 변화가 현재 그녀를 훌륭한 리더로 만든 결과를 나타내요.
환경 변화
Subject + have/has + V3
The climate `has gotten` warmer.
따뜻해진 기후가 현재의 환경 상태임을 보여줘요.
사회적 트렌드
Subject + have/has + V3
Online shopping `has increased`.
온라인 쇼핑의 증가가 계속되고 있고 지금도 유효한 현상이에요.
기술 발전
Subject + have/has + V3
AI `has evolved` rapidly.
AI의 빠른 진화가 현재 기술 환경에 영향을 미치고 있어요.
경제 변동
Subject + have/has + V3
Prices `have risen` lately.
높아진 물가가 현재 경제에 영향을 미치고 있는 요소예요.
건강/습관 변화
Subject + have/has + V3
My diet `has improved`.
과거의 변화 덕분에 현재 식단이 더 좋아진 상태예요.

격식 수준 스펙트럼

격식체
Market valuations have experienced a significant upward trend.

Market valuations have experienced a significant upward trend. (Economics)

중립
Prices have risen recently.

Prices have risen recently. (Economics)

비격식체
Prices have gone up.

Prices have gone up. (Economics)

속어
Prices have skyrocketed!

Prices have skyrocketed! (Economics)

현재완료: 시간 흐름에 따른 변화

현재완료

형태

  • Subject + have/has + V3 기본 구조
  • Have/Has 조동사
  • Past Participle (V3) 주동사 형태

핵심 아이디어

  • Past Action 이끌었다
  • Present Result 지금도 사실
  • Evolution 변화/발전

주요 사용처

  • Trends 사회적/경제적
  • Personal Growth 기술/자신감
  • Environment 기후/자연

시간 지표

  • Recently 최근에
  • Lately 최근에
  • Over the years 수년 동안
  • Since then 그때 이후로

현재완료 vs. 단순 과거 (변화)

Present Perfect (변화)
The city has grown. 현재와 관련 있는 변화
She has become confident. 과거 변화의 현재 상태
Prices have risen recently. 미완료 기간 / 현재 관련
Simple Past (특정 사건)
The city grew in 1990. 특정 과거 시점에 완료된 행동
She became confident after the course. 끝난 과거 시점에 완료된 행동
Prices rose yesterday. 끝난 기간

변화에 대해 현재완료를 사용해야 할까요?

1

이 행동/변화가 현재 시점과 관련이 있나요?

YES
다음 단계로 이동하세요.
NO
단순 과거를 사용하세요.
2

변화가 과거에 시작되어 계속되었거나, 그 결과가 지금 보이나요?

YES
현재완료 (have/has + V3)를 사용하세요.
NO
진행 중인 활동에는 현재완료 진행형을, 완료된 관련성에는 단순 과거를 고려하세요.
3

특정하고 끝난 시간 지표 (예: 'yesterday', 'last year')가 있나요?

YES
아니요! 단순 과거를 사용하세요.
NO
네! 현재완료 (have/has + V3)를 사용하세요.

어떤 것들이 변할 수 있을까요?

👤

개인

  • Skills (예: `improved`)
  • Appearance (예: `grown`)
  • Personality (예: `become`)
🏙️

사회

  • Culture (예: `evolved`)
  • Trends (예: `increased`)
  • Politics (예: `shifted`)
🌳

환경

  • Climate (예: `gotten warmer`)
  • Landscape (예: `developed`)
  • Habitats (예: `shrunk`)
📈

경제

  • Prices (예: `risen`)
  • Markets (예: `expanded`)
  • Industries (예: `diversified`)

수준별 예문

1

I have grown.

I am taller now.

2

The cat has become fat.

The cat is bigger now.

3

You have changed.

You look different.

4

The flowers have died.

The flowers are not alive now.

1

My English has improved a lot.

My English is better now.

2

The weather has turned cold.

It is cold now.

3

Prices have gone up.

Things are more expensive.

4

They have moved to a new house.

They live in a different place now.

1

The city has expanded significantly since 2010.

The city is much larger now.

2

Our company has grown into a global brand.

The company is now international.

3

Technology has changed the way we work.

Work is different because of tech.

4

He has become much more confident lately.

He shows more confidence now.

1

The interest rates have fluctuated wildly this month.

Rates changed many times.

2

Public opinion has shifted in favor of the new law.

More people like the law now.

3

The software has undergone several major updates.

The app was improved many times.

4

Her health has deteriorated over the last few weeks.

She is sicker now.

1

The digital revolution has fundamentally altered our cognitive habits.

Tech changed how we think.

2

The once-vibrant neighborhood has fallen into disrepair.

The area became poor and broken.

3

Scientific understanding of the virus has evolved rapidly.

We know much more now.

4

The relationship between the two countries has soured.

They are no longer friendly.

1

The linguistic landscape of the region has been irrevocably transformed by migration.

Languages changed forever.

2

The protagonist's moral compass has eroded throughout the novel.

The character became less ethical.

3

The concept of privacy has been redefined in the age of big data.

Privacy means something else now.

4

Centuries of tradition have culminated in this single ceremony.

History led to this moment.

혼동하기 쉬운

Present Perfect: Changes Over Time (have/has + V3) Past Simple

Learners use Past Simple when they should use Present Perfect because they focus on the past action rather than the present result.

Present Perfect: Changes Over Time (have/has + V3) Present Continuous

Learners use 'is changing' when they mean 'has changed'.

Present Perfect: Changes Over Time (have/has + V3) Present Perfect Continuous

Learners struggle to choose between 'has changed' and 'has been changing'.

자주 하는 실수

I have grow.

I have grown.

You must use the V3 form, not the base form.

He have changed.

He has changed.

Third-person singular (he/she/it) always uses 'has'.

I am changed my mind.

I have changed my mind.

Don't use 'am/is/are' as the auxiliary for this tense.

I have seen him yesterday.

I saw him yesterday.

Specific times like 'yesterday' require Past Simple.

The prices have went up.

The prices have gone up.

Don't use the V2 (went) with 'have'. Use V3 (gone).

My English has improved last month.

My English improved last month.

Adding 'last month' makes it a finished past event.

Has the weather became better?

Has the weather become better?

The V3 of 'become' is 'become', not 'became'.

The city has been changing since 5 years.

The city has changed in the last 5 years.

Use 'for' with duration or 'since' with a point in time.

Technology has changed our lives in 20th century.

Technology changed our lives in the 20th century.

The 20th century is a finished time period.

I've already finish the work.

I've already finished the work.

Missing the '-ed' ending in speech.

The situation has underwent a change.

The situation has undergone a change.

Undergo -> Underwent -> Undergone. Use V3.

문장 패턴

My ___ has improved since I started ___.

The cost of ___ has ___ by ___ percent.

It has become ___ to ___ in recent years.

___ has undergone a radical transformation due to ___.

Real World Usage

Job Interview very common

I have developed my leadership skills over the last three years.

Social Media Update constant

My style has evolved so much! Look at this throwback.

News Report constant

The stock market has plummeted following the announcement.

Doctor's Appointment common

My symptoms have improved since I started the medication.

Family Reunion occasional

Wow, the kids have grown so much!

Product Review very common

The app has become much slower after the latest update.

💡

시간 관련 표현을 찾아봐요

'lately', 'recently', 'over the past few years', 'since then' 같은 시간 관련 표현이 보인다면, 이 문법을 써야 할 가능성이 아주 높아요! 이런 표현들은 '과거부터 현재까지' 이어지는 흐름을 강조하거든요.
The weather has been rainy lately.
⚠️

특정 과거 시점과는 사용 금지

절대! 'yesterday', 'last week', 'in 2020'처럼 과거의 딱 정해진, 끝난 시점을 나타내는 표현과 함께 쓰지 마세요. 이런 경우에는 항상 단순 과거를 써야 한답니다! 흔히 하는 실수를 피하는 쉬운 방법이에요.
I visited my grandparents last month.
🎯

'전과 후'를 생각해 봐요

이 시제가 맞는지 헷갈릴 때는 '전에는 달랐는데, 지금은 바뀌었나?'라고 스스로 물어보세요. 만약 '네, 바뀌었고 그 변화가 지금도 중요해요!'라고 답할 수 있다면, 제대로 가고 있는 거예요! 마치 언어의 '비포앤애프터' 사진첩을 만드는 것과 같답니다.
My hair has grown long.
🌍

트렌드 변화에 귀 기울여요

원어민들은 뉴스, 소셜 미디어, 학술적인 글에서 유행이나 변화하는 상황을 이야기할 때 이 시제를 정말 많이 사용해요. 이런 자연스러운 쓰임을 잘 들으면 여러분의 영어가 훨씬 유창하고 시사에 밝게 들릴 거예요!
Online shopping has increased.
💡

불규칙 과거분사(V3) 마스터하기

동사들 중에는 불규칙 과거분사(V3) 형태가 많은데요 (예: go-gone, see-seen, become-become). 자주 쓰이는 단어들을 외워두면 문장을 훨씬 매끄럽게 만들 수 있고, 중간에 머뭇거릴 일도 줄어들 거예요. 단어 카드가 큰 도움이 될 거예요!
She has seen that movie.

Smart Tips

Always reach for the Present Perfect. It is the natural choice for comparisons between two points in time.

The city is different now. The city has changed a lot.

Use the Present Perfect to describe your growth. It shows that your skills are current.

I learned management in my last job. I have developed strong management expertise.

If you can replace the subject with 'He', 'She', or 'It', use 'has'. Otherwise, use 'have'.

The prices have risen. The prices (They) have risen. / The price (It) has risen.

Combine the Present Perfect with adverbs like 'steadily' or 'sharply'.

Sales went up. Sales have risen sharply.

발음

/hiːz tʃeɪndʒd/

The 's' contraction

In 'He's changed', the 's' sounds like a /z/ because it follows a vowel sound.

/aɪv ɡroʊn/

The 've' contraction

In 'I've grown', the 've' is a very soft /v/ sound, almost disappearing into the next word.

Emphasis on the change

You have REALLY grown!

Expressing surprise or strong emotion about the change.

암기하기

기억법

H.A.V.E. = How Anything Visibly Evolved.

시각적 연상

Imagine a photo of a tiny sapling and a photo of a giant oak tree. The Present Perfect is the invisible line connecting them, showing the growth that has happened.

Rhyme

If it's different than it was before, use 'have' and 'has' to open the door.

Story

A traveler returns to his hometown after 20 years. He walks around saying 'The park has disappeared,' 'The library has become a cafe,' and 'My friends have grown old.' The tense tells the story of his surprise at the new reality.

Word Web

GrownImprovedIncreasedBecomeChangedEvolvedShifted

챌린지

Look at a photo of yourself from 5 years ago. Write 3 sentences about how you have changed using 'I have...'

문화 노트

Brits use the Present Perfect much more strictly than Americans. An American might say 'I already ate,' while a Brit will almost always say 'I've already eaten.'

In casual US speech, the Past Simple often replaces the Present Perfect for recent changes.

Using the Present Perfect in reports is seen as professional because it links past actions to current success.

The Present Perfect in English developed from a construction where 'have' was a verb of possession and the participle was an adjective describing the object.

대화 시작하기

How has your hometown changed since you were a child?

How has technology changed your daily routine?

In what ways has your English improved this year?

How has the climate changed in your country?

일기 주제

Write about a person you haven't seen in a long time. How have they changed?
Describe the evolution of your favorite hobby. How has it changed since you started?
Reflect on your personality. How have you changed as a person in the last five years?
Analyze a major global trend (e.g., remote work). How has it transformed society?

자주 하는 실수

Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답

Test Yourself

시간이 흐름에 따른 변화를 나타내도록 올바른 동사 형태를 고르세요.

The quiet village ___ into a bustling town over the last decade.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: has become
'has become'(현재완료)은 과거에 시작되어 '지난 10년 동안' 현재에 완성되거나 명확하게 드러난 변화를 보여줄 때 사용해요. 'became'(단순 과거)는 과거의 특정 시점에 끝난 변화를 나타내므로 여기서 강조하려는 바와 맞지 않아요. 'is becoming'(현재 진행)은 지금 이 순간 변화가 활발하게 진행 중이라는 의미인데, '지난 10년 동안'이라는 표현에는 가장 적합하지 않아요.
문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

My understanding of quantum physics significantly improved since I took that course.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: My understanding of quantum physics has significantly improved since I took that course.
'since I took that course'는 과거에 시작해서 현재까지 이어지는 기간을 나타내요. 과거에 시작되어 현재에 결과나 관련성이 있는 변화에는 현재완료 ('has improved')를 사용해야 해요. 단순 과거 ('improved')는 적절하지 않아요.
시간이 흐름에 따른 변화를 올바르게 표현한 현재완료 문장을 고르세요. 객관식

올바른 문장을 고르세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The price of coffee has increased a lot this month.
'This month'는 아직 끝나지 않은 기간이고, 커피 가격의 인상은 현재와 관련 있는 변화이므로 현재완료 ('has increased')가 맞아요. 'last month'는 끝난 시간이므로 단순 과거를 써야 하고, 'increases'는 습관적인 행동에 쓰는 단순 현재예요.
'The world has changed rapidly in the last fifty years.'를 영어로 번역하세요. 번역

Translate into English: 'El mundo ha cambiado rápidamente en los últimos cincuenta años.'

Answer starts with: ["T...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["The world has changed rapidly in the last fifty years.","The world has rapidly changed in the last fifty years."]
이 문장은 과거에 시작되어 현재까지 관련성이 있는 변화를 묘사해요. 현재완료 ('has changed')가 이 문맥에 적절하며, 'rapidly'는 방법을 나타내는 부사예요.

Score: /4

연습 문제

8 exercises
Fill in the correct form of the verb in parentheses.

The population of the city ___ (increase) by 10% since last year.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: has increased
The population is a singular noun, so we use 'has' + V3.
Which sentence is correct? 객관식

Choose the correct sentence describing a change.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I have become a better cook.
'Become' is the correct V3 form, and we use 'have' for 'I'.
Find the error in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Technology has changed the world in 1990.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Both A and C are correct
You can't use Present Perfect with 'in 1990'. Either use Past Simple or change the time marker to 'since'.
Put the words in the correct order. Sentence Building

grown / nephew / so / has / your / much / !

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Your nephew has grown so much!
Standard order: Subject + has + V3 + adverbial.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: You look great! B: Thanks! I ___ (lose) some weight.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: have lost
The change (losing weight) is relevant to how the person looks right now.
Which verb is a V3 (Past Participle)? Grammar Sorting

Identify the V3 form of 'Rise'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Risen
Rise (V1), Rose (V2), Risen (V3).
Is this rule true or false? True False Rule

You can use 'has' with the subject 'They'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
'They' always takes 'have'. Only he/she/it takes 'has'.
Match the subject to the correct auxiliary. Match Pairs

1. She, 2. We, 3. The Price

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-has, 2-have, 3-has
She and 'The Price' (it) are singular; 'We' is plural.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

12 exercises
현재에 영향을 미치는 변화를 보여주도록 올바른 동사 형태를 고르세요. 빈칸 채우기

Since he started his new diet, John ___ much healthier.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: has become
문장에서 문법적인 오류를 찾아 고치세요. Error Correction

My English skills grew significantly since I moved abroad.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: My English skills have grown significantly since I moved abroad.
시간이 흐름에 따른 변화를 현재완료로 가장 잘 표현한 문장을 고르세요. 객관식

올바른 문장은 무엇인가요?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The old factory has transformed into a modern art gallery.
'Los precios de la gasolina han subido mucho últimamente.'를 영어로 번역하세요. 현재까지의 변화를 전달하는 데 중점을 두세요. 번역

Translate into English: 'Los precios de la gasolina han subido mucho últimamente.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["Gasoline prices have gone up a lot lately.","Gas prices have risen a lot lately.","Gasoline prices have risen a lot lately.","Gas prices have gone up very much lately."]
변화를 설명하는 문법적으로 올바른 문장을 만들기 위해 단어들을 배열하세요. Sentence Reorder

이 단어들을 문장으로 배열하세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The city traffic has become more dense since the population has grown.
각 문장 시작 부분과 올바른 끝 부분을 짝지어 변화를 묘사하세요. Match Pairs

주어와 올바른 동사 형태 및 완성을 짝지으세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched
문장을 완성하기 위해 올바른 과거분사를 고르세요. 빈칸 채우기

Her hair `has ___` longer since she stopped cutting it.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: grown
주어진 문장의 실수를 고치세요. Error Correction

The restaurant menu changed a lot over the years.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The restaurant menu has changed a lot over the years.
문법적으로 올바른 문장을 선택하세요. 객관식

올바른 문장을 고르세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Our team's performance has improved tremendously this season.
'Mi inglés ha mejorado mucho últimamente.'를 영어로 번역하세요. 번역

Translate into English: 'Mi inglés ha mejorado mucho últimamente.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["My English has improved a lot lately.","My English has improved greatly lately.","My English has gotten much better lately."]
변화에 대한 문장을 만들기 위해 단어들을 올바른 순서로 배열하세요. Sentence Reorder

이 단어들을 문장으로 배열하세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The pandemic has changed how our lives have become since.
주어와 올바른 현재완료 동사구를 짝지으세요. Match Pairs

주어와 올바른 동사 형태를 짝지으세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched

Score: /12

자주 묻는 질문 (8)

No. You cannot use `yesterday` with the Present Perfect. Say `I changed my hair yesterday` or `I have changed my hair`.

`Has gone` means they are still there. `Has been` means they went and came back. For changes, we usually use `has become` or `has changed`.

Because `The company` is an 'it' (third-person singular). Any singular noun that isn't 'I' or 'you' takes `has`.

Yes, in British English. In American English, people usually say `has gotten better`. Both describe a change over time.

Absolutely. `The quality has dropped` or `My health has worsened` are perfect examples of negative changes.

Yes. Without the auxiliary, it is not the Present Perfect. `I changed` is Past Simple; `I have changed` is Present Perfect.

You can use the Present Perfect Continuous: `The climate has been changing`. This emphasizes that the process is ongoing.

Group them by sound! `Grow-Grown`, `Know-Known`, `Throw-Thrown`. This makes them much easier to memorize.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

Pretérito Perfecto Compuesto

Spanish allows 'He visto a Juan hoy', but English requires 'I saw Juan today' if the time is finished.

French moderate

Passé Composé

French uses it for specific past times; English does not.

German moderate

Perfekt

German says 'I am grown' (Ich bin gewachsen), while English says 'I have grown'.

Japanese low

~te kita / ~te shimatta

Japanese uses a 'coming' metaphor for change; English uses a 'possession' metaphor.

Arabic partial

Qad + Past Verb

Arabic does not have a separate 'have' auxiliary for tenses.

Chinese low

le (了)

Chinese uses a particle for change; English uses a complex verb phrase.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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