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A1 noun #2,200 가장 일반적인 15분 분량

گرما

garma
연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 گرما 30초 만에
설명 گرما in your Level:
At the A1 level, your primary goal is to recognize and understand the basic meaning of 'گرما' (garmā) as the noun for 'heat'. You should be able to identify it in simple, everyday sentences, especially those related to the weather or basic physical sensations. At this stage, you do not need to worry about complex metaphorical uses or advanced grammatical structures. Focus on the literal translation. You will often hear 'گرما' in the context of summer (تابستان - tābestān). A typical A1 sentence might be 'گرما زیاد است' (The heat is a lot/It is very hot). You should also learn to distinguish it from its opposite, 'سرما' (sarmā - cold). Practice associating the word with images of the sun, sweating, or hot weather. It is also crucial at this level to understand that 'گرما' is a noun, not an adjective. You cannot say 'چای گرما است' (the tea is heat) to mean the tea is hot; you must use the adjective 'گرم' (garm). By mastering this simple distinction and memorizing the core meaning, you lay a solid foundation for more complex uses of the word in the future. Try to listen for 'گرما' in basic Persian audio lessons or simple dialogues about the weather. Repetition and context association are your best tools at this beginner stage.
As you progress to the A2 level, your understanding and usage of 'گرما' should expand beyond simple recognition. You are now expected to use the word in basic conversational contexts, particularly when describing the weather in more detail or expressing your personal comfort level. You should be comfortable using 'گرما' as the subject or object of simple sentences. For example, you should be able to say 'من از گرما خوشم نمی‌آید' (I don't like the heat) or 'گرمای امروز خسته‌کننده است' (Today's heat is tiring). At this level, you should also start learning common collocations—words that frequently go together. Practice phrases like 'گرمای شدید' (intense heat) or 'گرمای تابستان' (summer heat). You will also begin to encounter the Ezafe construction more frequently, so understanding how to link 'گرما' to other nouns (e.g., گرمایِ خورشید - the heat of the sun) is important. Furthermore, you should be able to ask simple questions using the word, such as 'آیا گرما شما را اذیت می‌کند؟' (Does the heat bother you?). By actively incorporating 'گرما' into your daily practice routines and short writing exercises about the seasons, you will solidify your grasp of this essential vocabulary item and sound much more natural in basic Persian conversations.
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At the B1 intermediate level, your mastery of 'گرما' should become more nuanced and versatile. You are no longer just talking about the weather; you are discussing the effects of heat, making comparisons, and using the word in broader contexts. You should be able to confidently discuss how the heat affects daily life, agriculture, or travel plans. For instance, you might say, 'به دلیل گرمای شدید، ما سفر خود را لغو کردیم' (Due to the intense heat, we canceled our trip). At this stage, you should also be familiar with related compound words and derivatives, such as 'گرمازدگی' (heatstroke) and 'گرمایش' (heating). You should be able to explain the difference between 'گرما' (the physical heat) and 'دما' (temperature). Your vocabulary should expand to include verbs that commonly collocate with 'گرما', such as 'تحمل کردن' (to tolerate) or 'فرار کردن از' (to escape from). For example, 'مردم جنوب ایران به خوبی گرما را تحمل می‌کنند' (The people of southern Iran tolerate the heat well). You should also start noticing the subtle differences between 'گرما' and similar words like 'حرارت' (harārat) in slightly more formal contexts, such as reading news articles about climate or weather patterns. Your goal at B1 is practical fluency and the ability to sustain a conversation about environmental conditions.
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Reaching the B2 upper-intermediate level means you can handle complex, abstract, and detailed discussions involving the word 'گرما'. You should be able to read and understand news reports, articles, and opinion pieces about climate change, global warming (گرمایش جهانی), and environmental challenges where 'گرما' is a central theme. You are expected to use the word accurately in debates and presentations. For example, you could argue about the economic impact of a heatwave: 'موج گرمای اخیر خسارات زیادی به کشاورزی وارد کرده است' (The recent heatwave has caused significant damage to agriculture). At this level, your grasp of grammar surrounding the word should be flawless, including complex prepositions and passive structures. You should also be comfortable with idiomatic expressions and metaphorical uses of the word, understanding when 'گرما' refers to the intensity of a situation rather than physical temperature. You should be able to differentiate perfectly between 'گرما', 'گرمی', 'حرارت', and 'داغی', choosing the exact right word for the specific nuance you wish to convey. Your writing should reflect this precision, using varied adjectives to describe heat (طاقت‌فرسا، سوزان، بی‌سابقه) and constructing sophisticated sentences that demonstrate a deep, intuitive understanding of Persian vocabulary and syntax.
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At the C1 advanced level, your use of 'گرما' should be near-native, characterized by a deep understanding of its cultural, literary, and idiomatic resonance. You are expected to comprehend and analyze classical and modern Persian literature where 'گرما' is used symbolically or metaphorically. You should effortlessly navigate texts where the heat of the desert represents spiritual testing or the heat of the sun symbolizes divine presence. In spoken Persian, you should be able to use sophisticated rhetorical devices involving the word. You can participate in high-level academic or professional discussions about thermodynamics, climate policy, or geography without hesitation, using 'گرما' and its formal synonyms like 'حرارت' interchangeably and appropriately based on the register. You should understand regional variations in how heat is discussed, recognizing terms like 'شرجی' (humid heat) used in the south. Your vocabulary is expansive enough to include rare or poetic adjectives modifying 'گرما'. At this stage, you are not just communicating information; you are expressing subtle shades of meaning, emotion, and cultural context. You can write essays or give lectures detailing the historical impact of 'گرما' on Iranian architecture, agriculture, and social customs, demonstrating a profound, holistic mastery of the language.
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At the C2 mastery level, your command of the word 'گرما' and its entire semantic field is absolute and indistinguishable from an educated native speaker. You possess a complete grasp of the etymology, historical usage, and the most obscure idiomatic expressions related to heat. You can effortlessly deconstruct complex poetic verses by Rumi or Hafez where 'گرما' or its derivatives are used in multi-layered metaphors involving love, existence, and the divine. In contemporary contexts, you can engage in highly technical, scientific, or philosophical discourse, manipulating the language with precision and elegance. You understand the socio-linguistic implications of how different demographics in Iran talk about the heat, and you can adjust your own register flawlessly—from chatting with a vendor in a scorching bazaar using colloquial slang to delivering a formal academic paper on thermal dynamics in traditional Persian architecture. You can invent your own metaphors and poetic descriptions of heat that sound natural and profound to native ears. At this pinnacle of language proficiency, 'گرما' is not just a vocabulary word; it is a conceptual tool that you wield with complete artistic and intellectual freedom, reflecting a total immersion in the Persian linguistic and cultural universe.
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گرما 30초 만에

  • A core Persian noun meaning 'heat'.
  • Derived from the adjective 'گرم' (hot).
  • Used for weather, physical sensation, and science.
  • Opposite of 'سرما' (sarmā - cold).
The Persian word 'گرما' (garmā) is a fundamental and highly versatile noun in the Persian language, primarily translating to 'heat' in English. Understanding this word is absolutely essential for anyone embarking on the journey of learning Persian, as it frequently appears in daily conversations, literature, weather forecasts, and scientific discussions. The concept of heat is universal, but the way it is expressed and nuanced in Persian carries specific cultural and linguistic weight. When we delve into the core meaning of 'گرما', we are looking at the physical sensation of high temperature, the meteorological condition of a hot day, and sometimes the metaphorical warmth of human interaction or intense situations.
Morphological Root
The root of the word comes from the adjective 'گرم' (garm), meaning 'hot' or 'warm'. By adding the suffix 'ـا' (-ā), the adjective is transformed into a noun, a common morphological process in Persian.
This transformation allows speakers to discuss heat as an abstract concept, a measurable entity, or a formidable force of nature. In the context of Iran's diverse geography, which includes vast, scorching deserts like the Dasht-e Kavir and Dasht-e Lut, the word 'گرما' often carries a connotation of extreme, sometimes oppressive, temperature.

امروز گرما بسیار شدید است.

However, it can also refer to the comforting heat of a fire during the cold winters in the mountainous regions. To fully grasp 'گرما', one must appreciate its versatility. It is not merely a scientific term for thermal energy; it is a lived experience. When a Persian speaker talks about the heat of the summer, they are evoking memories of long, sun-drenched afternoons, the necessity of finding shade, and the refreshing relief of a cool drink. The word is deeply embedded in the rhythm of life in Persian-speaking countries. Furthermore, 'گرما' extends beyond the physical realm. Just as in English, heat can be metaphorical. The heat of the moment or the warmth of a welcome can sometimes be expressed using related concepts, though 'گرما' itself is most strictly tied to physical temperature.

من از گرما فرار کردم.

However, poetic and literary uses often stretch its boundaries. In classical Persian poetry, the heat of the sun might symbolize divine love or the intense passion of a lover. Therefore, mastering 'گرما' is not just about vocabulary acquisition; it is about unlocking a key thematic element in Persian culture and expression.
Meteorological Context
In weather reports, 'گرما' is used to describe the general temperature of the season, especially during summer months.
As you progress in your studies, you will encounter 'گرما' in various compound words and idiomatic expressions, further solidifying its importance. Whether you are complaining about a heatwave, describing a fever, or reading a poem about the scorching desert sun, 'گرما' is the indispensable noun you will rely on.

تحمل این گرما سخت است.

Let us explore some specific examples and structural uses to cement your understanding of this vital Persian word. The physiological response to heat is also a common topic. Sweating, feeling exhausted, or seeking air conditioning are all actions driven by 'گرما'. In medical or health contexts, discussing the effects of extreme heat on the human body is crucial, especially in southern provinces of Iran where temperatures can soar above fifty degrees Celsius.

گرما باعث خستگی من شد.

The psychological impact of long, hot days is also a frequent subject of casual conversation. People often express their lethargy or irritability as a direct result of the relentless heat.
Cultural Significance
Heat dictates daily routines in many Middle Eastern cultures, leading to practices like afternoon rests or late-night socializing.
Therefore, 'گرما' is not just a weather condition; it is a lifestyle determinant.

ما به گرما عادت داریم.

By thoroughly understanding all these facets, a learner can use the word with the natural fluency of a native speaker, appreciating both its literal meaning and its broader implications in the Persian-speaking world.
Using the Persian noun 'گرما' (garmā) correctly involves understanding its grammatical role, its collocations, and the specific sentence structures it typically inhabits. As a noun meaning 'heat', it functions as the subject, object, or object of a preposition in a sentence, just like any other standard noun. However, the verbs it pairs with and the adjectives that modify it are what truly bring the word to life and demonstrate a learner's proficiency. First and foremost, it is crucial to distinguish 'گرما' from its adjectival counterpart, 'گرم' (garm). While you would say 'هوا گرم است' (the weather is hot), you would use 'گرما' to talk about the heat itself: 'گرمای هوا زیاد است' (the heat of the weather is high).
Subject Usage
When acting as a subject, 'گرما' often takes verbs related to existence, intensity, or causation.
For example, 'گرما من را اذیت می‌کند' (The heat is bothering me). Here, the heat is the active agent causing discomfort.

گرما گل‌ها را خشک کرد.

When used as an object, 'گرما' is frequently paired with verbs of perception or endurance. The most common of these is 'حس کردن' (to feel). 'من گرما را حس می‌کنم' (I feel the heat). Another highly common verb is 'تحمل کردن' (to tolerate/endure). In the sweltering days of summer, you will often hear people say, 'نمی‌توانم این گرما را تحمل کنم' (I cannot tolerate this heat). For instance, 'برای فرار از گرما به کوه رفتیم' (We went to the mountains to escape from the heat).

او از گرما شکایت کرد.

Adjectives used to describe 'گرما' are also specific. You rarely hear 'گرمای بد' (bad heat); instead, native speakers use more descriptive terms like 'گرمای شدید' (intense heat), 'گرمای طاقت‌فرسا' (unbearable/exhausting heat), or 'گرمای سوزان' (scorching heat).
Ezafe Construction
The word 'گرما' frequently participates in the Ezafe construction to link it to other nouns, indicating possession or association.
The most ubiquitous example is 'گرمای تابستان' (the heat of summer) or 'گرمای خورشید' (the heat of the sun).

گرمای جنوب بسیار معروف است.

In these constructions, the Ezafe vowel (a short 'ye' sound after the 'ā' vowel, written as a standalone 'ی' or implied) connects the two concepts seamlessly. Furthermore, 'گرما' is the root for several important compound words. 'گرمازدگی' (heatstroke) is a crucial medical term. 'گرمایش' (heating) is used in the context of building infrastructure, such as 'سیستم گرمایش' (heating system). Understanding these derivatives expands your vocabulary exponentially.

این اتاق گرما ندارد.

When discussing scientific or measurable heat, 'گرما' is still the preferred term, often used alongside 'دما' (temperature). While 'دما' refers to the numerical value on a thermometer, 'گرما' refers to the thermal energy itself.
Idiomatic Usage
While mostly literal, 'گرما' can sometimes describe the intensity of an action or the warmth of a relationship.
However, for emotional warmth, 'گرمی' (garmi) is sometimes preferred, though the two are closely related.

ما در گرما کار کردیم.

By mastering these grammatical structures, collocations, and compound forms, you will be able to deploy the word 'گرما' accurately and naturally in a wide variety of contexts, from casual complaints about the weather to more formal discussions about climate and environment.
The Persian word 'گرما' (garmā) is ubiquitous in the daily lives of Persian speakers, echoing through various contexts, environments, and media. Because Iran and many other Persian-speaking regions experience highly pronounced seasons, including intensely hot summers, the concept of heat is a constant topic of conversation, planning, and media coverage. One of the most common places you will hear 'گرما' is in daily weather forecasts. Television and radio meteorologists frequently use the term when discussing approaching high-pressure systems, summer heatwaves, or the general climate of southern provinces.
Weather Forecasts
Meteorologists use 'گرما' to warn citizens about rising temperatures and advise on safety precautions.
Phrases like 'موج گرما' (heatwave) or 'اوج گرما' (peak of heat) are standard vocabulary in these broadcasts.

اخبار از موج گرما گفت.

Beyond formal broadcasts, 'گرما' is a staple of casual, everyday conversation, particularly small talk. Just as British people might discuss the rain, Iranians frequently discuss the heat during the summer months. When entering a shop, getting into a taxi, or greeting a colleague, commenting on the intensity of the heat is a universal icebreaker. You will hear exasperated sighs followed by 'امان از این گرما' (mercy from this heat) or 'چه گرمایی!' (what heat!).

مردم از گرما کلافه هستند.

The workplace and home environments are also prime locations for hearing this word. Discussions about turning on the air conditioning (کولر), adjusting the thermostat, or complaining about a poorly ventilated room all revolve around the word 'گرما'. In traditional Iranian architecture, homes were specifically designed to combat the summer heat, utilizing windcatchers (بادگیر) and central courtyards with pools.
Architectural Context
Historical and modern building designs in Iran are heavily influenced by the need to manage and mitigate 'گرما'.
Therefore, when discussing housing, architecture, or comfort, 'گرما' is an unavoidable topic.

این خانه گرما را نگه می‌دارد.

You will also encounter 'گرما' in medical and health-related contexts. Pharmacies and clinics see an influx of patients during the summer months suffering from 'گرمازدگی' (heatstroke) or dehydration. Doctors will advise patients to stay out of the direct sun to avoid the 'گرما'. This traditional system of medicine, still widely referenced in daily life, uses the concept of heat metaphorically to describe the energetic properties of food, such as walnuts or dates, which are said to have a 'hot' nature.

خوردن خرما گرما تولید می‌کند.

Finally, literature, poetry, and music are rich repositories of the word 'گرما'. In classical Persian poetry, the heat of the desert is often used as a metaphor for the arduous journey of the soul or the burning passion of love. Modern literature and cinema also utilize the oppressive heat of the southern regions of Iran as a backdrop to build tension or reflect the psychological state of the characters.
Literary Symbolism
In literature, 'گرما' often symbolizes hardship, passion, intensity, or a transformative crucible.
Whether you are reading a poem by Hafez, watching a film set in Khuzestan, or simply chatting with a taxi driver in Tehran in July, the word 'گرما' will be a constant, vivid presence in your immersion into the Persian language.

شاعر از گرمای عشق نوشت.

Understanding where and how it is used across these diverse contexts will significantly enhance your cultural and linguistic fluency.
When learning the Persian word 'گرما' (garmā), students frequently encounter a specific set of pitfalls that can hinder their fluency and lead to misunderstandings. Addressing these common mistakes early in the learning process is crucial for mastering this essential vocabulary item. The most prevalent and fundamental error is confusing the noun 'گرما' (heat) with the adjective 'گرم' (hot). Because English often uses the word 'hot' in contexts where Persian requires the noun 'heat', learners tend to directly translate their English thoughts, resulting in grammatically incorrect Persian sentences.
Noun vs. Adjective
Never use 'گرما' to describe an object. An object is 'گرم' (hot), but the environment possesses 'گرما' (heat).
For example, a learner might try to say 'The tea is hot' by saying 'چای گرما است' (Chāy garmā ast), which literally means 'The tea is heat'. The correct sentence is 'چای گرم است' (Chāy garm ast).

اشتباه نکنید: هوا گرما است.

Conversely, when trying to say 'The heat is unbearable', a learner might incorrectly say 'گرم غیر قابل تحمل است' (Garm gheyr-e ghābel-e tahammol ast), using the adjective instead of the required noun. The correct phrasing is 'گرما غیر قابل تحمل است'. Another frequent mistake involves the choice of verbs associated with 'گرما'. In English, we say we 'feel hot' or 'are hot'. In Persian, you generally express this by saying 'I have heat' or 'the weather is hot'.

من گرما را حس می‌کنم.

Saying 'من گرم هستم' (Man garm hastam) can sometimes sound unnatural or carry a different connotation (like having a warm personality or, in some slang contexts, being sexually aroused), whereas 'من گرمم است' (Man garmam ast - literally: to me it is hot) is the standard way to express feeling physically hot. When referring to the environmental heat, learners sometimes fail to use the Ezafe construction correctly.
Ezafe Errors
Forgetting the linking vowel when connecting 'گرما' to another noun is a common syntactic error.
For instance, saying 'گرما تابستان' (garmā tābestān) instead of the correct 'گرمای تابستان' (garmā-ye tābestān). The 'ye' sound is essential for linking the noun 'heat' to the noun 'summer'.

گرمایِ اتاق زیاد بود.

Pronunciation can also be a minor stumbling block. The final 'ا' (ā) in 'گرما' must be pronounced clearly and fully, like the 'a' in the English word 'father'. Sometimes learners clip this vowel, making it sound like a short 'a', which can confuse native speakers. Furthermore, learners often confuse 'گرما' with 'دما' (damā - temperature). While related, they are not always interchangeable. 'دما' is a neutral, measurable metric (e.g., the temperature is 30 degrees), whereas 'گرما' specifically refers to the presence of high thermal energy. You would not say 'گرمای امروز ۳۰ درجه است' (Today's heat is 30 degrees); you must say 'دمای امروز ۳۰ درجه است'.

دما بالا رفت و گرما شروع شد.

Finally, learners sometimes misuse 'گرما' in metaphorical contexts where another word like 'حرارت' (harārat - heat/passion) or 'گرمی' (garmi - warmth) would be more appropriate.
Metaphorical Misuse
While 'گرما' is physical, 'گرمی' is often preferred for emotional warmth, like the warmth of a family.
By being aware of these common mistakes—particularly the noun/adjective distinction, correct verb pairing, proper Ezafe usage, and precise vocabulary selection—learners can significantly improve their accuracy and sound much more natural when discussing the heat in Persian.
The Persian language boasts a rich vocabulary for describing temperature, and while 'گرما' (garmā) is the most common and fundamental noun for 'heat', several other words share similar meanings or occupy adjacent semantic spaces. Understanding these synonyms and related terms is crucial for developing a nuanced and sophisticated Persian vocabulary. By differentiating between these similar words, learners can express themselves with greater precision and understand the subtle shades of meaning in native speech and literature. The most direct and formal synonym for 'گرما' is 'حرارت' (harārat).
حرارت (Harārat)
An Arabic loanword meaning heat, temperature, or passion. It is often used in scientific, medical, or highly formal contexts.
While 'گرما' is an everyday word, 'حرارت' sounds slightly more elevated. For instance, a doctor might check a patient's 'حرارت بدن' (body temperature/heat), and a physicist will discuss 'انتقال حرارت' (heat transfer).

این دستگاه گرما و حرارت تولید می‌کند.

However, 'حرارت' is also frequently used metaphorically to describe intense emotion, passion, or enthusiasm, as in 'با حرارت صحبت کردن' (to speak with passion/heat). Another closely related word is 'گرمی' (garmi). Morphologically, 'گرمی' is formed by adding the suffix 'ـی' (-i) to the adjective 'گرم', creating a noun that translates more closely to 'warmth' rather than the intense 'heat' implied by 'گرما'. You would talk about the 'گرمی خانواده' (warmth of the family) or the 'گرمی بازار' (activeness/warmth of the market).

او با گرما و گرمی از ما استقبال کرد.

When the heat becomes extreme, approaching the point of burning, the word 'داغی' (dāghi) is used. Derived from the adjective 'داغ' (dāgh - very hot/boiling), 'داغی' refers to a scalding or burning heat.
داغی (Dāghi)
Refers to extreme, burning heat, usually associated with objects like a stove, boiling water, or scorching sand.
You would not typically use 'داغی' to describe the general summer weather unless you are exaggerating for effect; instead, you use it for a hot cup of tea or a heated metal surface.

تفاوت گرما و داغی در شدت آن است.

Another related concept is 'تب' (tab), which specifically translates to 'fever'. While a fever involves bodily heat, 'تب' is the precise medical term. You would not say a sick person has 'گرما'; you say they have 'تب'. However, the sensation they feel might be described using 'گرما'. For the concept of temperature as a measurable scale, the word is 'دما' (damā). As mentioned in previous sections, 'دما' is neutral. It can refer to high or low temperatures.

وقتی دما بالا می‌رود، گرما بیشتر می‌شود.

Finally, there are specific terms for atmospheric conditions related to heat, such as 'شرجی' (sharji), which refers to the oppressive, humid heat typical of the Persian Gulf coastal cities.
شرجی (Sharji)
Humid heat. A specific type of uncomfortable weather combining high temperature and high humidity.
By learning to navigate this spectrum of words—from the general 'گرما' to the formal 'حرارت', the comforting 'گرمی', the burning 'داغی', the medical 'تب', and the measurable 'دما'—a learner gains a profound ability to describe the physical world and their internal experiences with native-like accuracy and poetic flair.

در جنوب، گرما اغلب با رطوبت همراه است.

This lexical richness is a hallmark of the Persian language.

How Formal Is It?

난이도

알아야 할 문법

Ezafe construction (گرمایِ تابستان)

Noun vs. Adjective distinction in Persian

Using 'از' (from) for cause or escape (فرار از گرما)

Compound noun formation using suffixes (-esh, -zadegi)

Impersonal verbs for weather (هوا گرم است vs. گرما زیاد است)

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수준별 예문

1

گرما زیاد است.

The heat is a lot.

Simple subject + adjective/adverb + 'to be' verb.

2

من گرما را دوست ندارم.

I do not like the heat.

Using 'گرما' as the direct object with the postposition 'را'.

3

امروز گرما شدید است.

Today the heat is intense.

Adjective 'شدید' describing the noun 'گرما'.

4

گرما در تابستان است.

Heat is in the summer.

Preposition 'در' used for seasons.

5

این گرما بد است.

This heat is bad.

Demonstrative pronoun 'این' before the noun.

6

آب برای گرما خوب است.

Water is good for the heat.

Preposition 'برای' showing purpose or benefit.

7

گرما من را خسته کرد.

The heat made me tired.

Subject causing an effect on the object.

8

هوا گرما دارد.

The weather has heat.

Using the verb 'داشتن' (to have) to describe conditions.

1

ما نمی‌توانیم این گرما را تحمل کنیم.

We cannot tolerate this heat.

Modal verb 'توانستن' with the subjunctive 'تحمل کنیم'.

2

گرمای جنوب ایران بسیار معروف است.

The heat of southern Iran is very famous.

Ezafe construction linking 'گرما' to 'جنوب'.

3

برای فرار از گرما به کوهستان رفتیم.

To escape from the heat, we went to the mountains.

Preposition 'از' used with 'فرار' (escape).

4

گرمای هوا باعث شد در خانه بمانیم.

The heat of the weather caused us to stay at home.

Causative structure 'باعث شد'.

5

در فصل گرما باید آب زیاد بنوشیم.

In the season of heat, we must drink a lot of water.

Compound noun phrase 'فصل گرما'.

6

آیا شما به این گرما عادت دارید؟

Are you used to this heat?

Preposition 'به' used with 'عادت داشتن' (to be used to).

7

گرمای خورشید لباس‌ها را خشک کرد.

The heat of the sun dried the clothes.

Subject performing an action on an object.

8

شب‌ها گرما کمتر می‌شود.

At night, the heat becomes less.

Comparative adjective 'کمتر' with the verb 'شدن'.

1

موج گرمای بی‌سابقه‌ای کشور را فرا گرفته است.

An unprecedented heatwave has engulfed the country.

Complex noun phrase 'موج گرمای بی‌سابقه'.

2

خطر گرمازدگی در این روزها بسیار بالاست.

The risk of heatstroke is very high these days.

Derivative word 'گرمازدگی'.

3

کولر گازی تنها راه مقابله با این گرما است.

The air conditioner is the only way to combat this heat.

Preposition 'با' used with 'مقابله' (combat/confrontation).

4

با وجود گرمای شدید، کارگران مشغول کار بودند.

Despite the intense heat, the workers were busy working.

Concessive phrase 'با وجود' (despite).

5

گرمایش زمین باعث افزایش میانگین گرما شده است.

Global warming has caused an increase in average heat.

Related noun 'گرمایش' (warming).

6

او از شدت گرما به سایه درخت پناه برد.

Due to the intensity of the heat, he took refuge in the shade of a tree.

Phrase 'از شدت' (due to the intensity of).

7

گیاهان این منطقه در برابر گرما مقاوم هستند.

The plants of this region are resistant to heat.

Prepositional phrase 'در برابر' (against/in the face of).

8

تفاوت گرمای روز و شب در کویر زیاد است.

The difference in heat between day and night in the desert is large.

Comparing two states using 'تفاوت'.

1

تغییرات اقلیمی منجر به دوره‌های طولانی‌تر گرما شده است.

Climate change has led to longer periods of heat.

Verb 'منجر شدن به' (to lead to).

2

معماری سنتی یزد به گونه‌ای است که با گرمای کویر سازگار باشد.

The traditional architecture of Yazd is such that it is compatible with the desert heat.

Adjective 'سازگار' (compatible) with preposition 'با'.

3

دولت هشدارهایی در مورد خطرات ناشی از گرمای طاقت‌فرسا صادر کرد.

The government issued warnings about the dangers arising from the exhausting heat.

Complex phrase 'ناشی از' (arising from).

4

تحمل این میزان از گرما بدون تجهیزات خنک‌کننده غیرممکن است.

Tolerating this amount of heat without cooling equipment is impossible.

Infinitive 'تحمل' used as a noun subject.

5

گرمای تابستان امسال رکورد سال‌های گذشته را شکست.

This year's summer heat broke the record of previous years.

Idiomatic expression 'رکورد شکستن' (to break a record).

6

تأثیر گرما بر راندمان کاری کارمندان کاملاً مشهود بود.

The effect of the heat on the employees' work efficiency was completely evident.

Preposition 'بر' used for 'effect on'.

7

آنها برای فرار از گرمای سوزان شهر، به ییلاق پناه بردند.

To escape the scorching heat of the city, they took refuge in the summer highlands.

Descriptive adjective 'سوزان' (scorching).

8

سیستم‌های تهویه مطبوع برای مقابله با گرمای فضاهای بسته ضروری هستند.

Air conditioning systems are essential for combating the heat of enclosed spaces.

Formal vocabulary 'تهویه مطبوع' (air conditioning).

1

گرمای کلافه‌کننده مرداد ماه، رمق از جان همه کشیده بود.

The maddening heat of the month of Mordad had drained the energy from everyone's soul.

Literary phrasing 'رمق از جان کشیدن' (to drain energy).

2

در ادبیات کلاسیک، گرمای خورشید غالباً استعاره‌ای از تجلی انوار الهی است.

In classical literature, the heat of the sun is often a metaphor for the manifestation of divine lights.

Academic vocabulary 'استعاره' (metaphor) and 'تجلی' (manifestation).

3

بحران کم‌آبی در پی تشدید گرمای بی‌سابقه، به یک معضل ملی بدل گشته است.

The water shortage crisis, following the intensification of unprecedented heat, has turned into a national dilemma.

Formal verb 'بدل گشتن' (to turn into).

4

مکانیسم‌های فیزیولوژیک بدن در مواجهه با گرمای مفرط، دچار اختلالات جدی می‌شوند.

The body's physiological mechanisms suffer serious disruptions when facing excessive heat.

Scientific terminology 'مکانیسم‌های فیزیولوژیک'.

5

سیاست‌گذاری‌های شهری باید با رویکردی مبتنی بر کاهش اثرات جزیره گرمایی تدوین شوند.

Urban policies must be formulated with an approach based on reducing the effects of the heat island.

Technical term 'جزیره گرمایی' (heat island).

6

گرمای حضور او در آن محفل سرد، یخ روابط را آب کرد.

The warmth (heat) of his presence in that cold gathering melted the ice of relationships.

Metaphorical use of 'گرما' for emotional warmth.

7

توالی روزهای توأم با گرمای طاقت‌سوز، اکوسیستم منطقه را در آستانه فروپاشی قرار داد.

The sequence of days accompanied by soul-burning heat placed the region's ecosystem on the verge of collapse.

Poetic/formal adjective 'طاقت‌سوز' (soul-burning).

8

بررسی نوسانات گرما در دهه‌های اخیر، حاکی از یک روند صعودی نگران‌کننده است.

Examining heat fluctuations in recent decades indicates a worrying upward trend.

Formal phrase 'حاکی از' (indicative of).

1

در بحبوحه گرمای تموز، دشت لوت تجلی‌گاه خشم طبیعت و صلابت کویر است.

In the midst of the midsummer heat, the Lut Desert is the manifestation of nature's wrath and the desert's majesty.

Highly literary vocabulary 'بحران', 'تموز', 'تجلی‌گاه'.

2

مفهوم گرما در اشعار عرفانی، نه یک پدیده ترمودینامیک، بلکه نمادی از اشتیاق سوزان سالک است.

The concept of heat in mystical poetry is not a thermodynamic phenomenon, but a symbol of the seeker's burning yearning.

Philosophical/literary analysis structure.

3

پیامدهای مخرب تنش گرمایی بر امنیت غذایی جوامع آسیب‌پذیر، غیرقابل اغماض می‌نماید.

The destructive consequences of heat stress on the food security of vulnerable communities appear inexcusable (cannot be ignored).

Advanced formal verb 'غیرقابل اغماض می‌نماید'.

4

تطابق‌پذیری ژنتیکی گونه‌های بومی با گرمای فرساینده اقلیم خشک، شگفتی زیست‌شناسان را برانگیخته است.

The genetic adaptability of native species to the erosive heat of the arid climate has aroused the wonder of biologists.

Complex scientific phrasing.

5

آن خطابه آتشین، با گرمایی که در کلماتش نهفته بود، توده‌های خفته را بیدار ساخت.

That fiery speech, with the heat hidden in its words, awakened the dormant masses.

Metaphorical use of heat for rhetorical power.

6

مدیریت بهینه تبادل گرما در سازه‌های نوین، مستلزم بهره‌گیری از متریال‌های تغییر فاز دهنده است.

Optimal management of heat exchange in modern structures requires the utilization of phase-changing materials.

Highly technical engineering vocabulary.

7

در آن برهه تاریخی، گرمای مبارزات مدنی به حدی رسید که ساختار استبداد را ذوب کرد.

In that historical period, the heat of civil struggles reached such a level that it melted the structure of tyranny.

Extended metaphor using heat and melting.

8

تبلور هنر معماری کویری در مهار هنرمندانه گرمای بی‌رحم خورشید نهفته است.

The crystallization of desert architectural art lies in the masterful harnessing of the sun's merciless heat.

Poetic description of architectural function.

자주 쓰는 조합

گرمای شدید
گرمای تابستان
گرمای هوا
تحمل گرما
موج گرما
گرمای طاقت‌فرسا
گرمای خورشید
احساس گرما
فرار از گرما
گرمای جنوب

자주 쓰는 구문

از گرما هلاک شدن
گرما زده شدن
گرما را حس کردن
شدت گرما
گرمای مطبوع
گرمای جان‌سوز
هوای پر گرما
گرمای کلافه‌کننده
فصل گرما
گرمای بدن

자주 혼동되는 단어

گرما vs گرم (garm - hot): Adjective vs. Noun.

گرما vs دما (damā - temperature): Measurement vs. Sensation/Energy.

گرما vs حرارت (harārat - heat/temperature): Formal/Scientific vs. Everyday.

관용어 및 표현

"گرمای وجود"
"تنور گرما"
"گرمای عشق"
"در اوج گرما"
"گرمای زندگی"
"گرمای بازار"
"گرماگرم کار"
"گرمای محبت"
"گرمای سخن"
"گرمای نگاه"

혼동하기 쉬운

گرما vs

گرما vs

گرما vs

گرما vs

گرما vs

문장 패턴

무료 가입하고 모든 예문 보기

사용법

formality

Neutral. Appropriate for all levels of formality.

semantic nuance

While 'گرما' is the standard word for heat, 'حرارت' is used for scientific temperature, and 'گرمی' is used for emotional warmth.

regional variations

In southern Iran, 'گرما' is often accompanied by the word 'شرجی' (sharji) to describe humid heat. In Afghanistan (Dari), the usage is identical.

자주 하는 실수
  • Using 'گرما' (noun) instead of 'گرم' (adjective) to describe an object (e.g., saying 'چای گرما است' instead of 'چای گرم است').
  • Forgetting the Ezafe vowel 'ی' when connecting 'گرما' to another noun (e.g., saying 'گرما تابستان' instead of 'گرمای تابستان').
  • Using 'گرما' to mean 'fever' (the correct word is 'تب').
  • Pronouncing the final 'ا' as a short 'a' instead of a long, open 'ā' sound.
  • Translating 'I am hot' literally as 'من گرما هستم' instead of the correct 'من گرمم است'.

팁

Noun vs Adjective

Always double-check if you need a noun or an adjective. If you can replace the word with 'temperature' in English, use 'گرما'. If you can replace it with 'warm', use 'گرم'.

Stress the Final Syllable

In Persian, the stress usually falls on the final syllable of a noun. Make sure to stress the 'MAA' in 'gar-MAA' to sound like a native speaker.

Learn the Opposites Together

Learn 'گرما' (heat) and 'سرما' (cold) as a pair. Also learn their adjective forms 'گرم' (hot) and 'سرد' (cold) together. This builds a strong mental network.

Use 'Shadid' for Intense

When you want to say the heat is very bad or strong, use the adjective 'شدید' (shadid - intense). 'گرمای شدید' is the most natural collocation.

Small Talk Master

Use the weather to start conversations. Saying 'امروز گرما خیلی اذیت می‌کند' (Today the heat is very annoying) is a great way to start a chat with a taxi driver or shopkeeper.

Oje Garma

Learn the phrase 'اوج گرما' (owj-e garmā), which means 'the peak of the heat' (usually mid-afternoon). It's very useful for planning your day in Iran.

Heatstroke Vocabulary

If traveling to Iran in summer, know the word 'گرمازدگی' (heatstroke). It could be essential for your health or helping others.

The Ezafe Link

Don't forget the 'ye' sound when saying 'heat of the sun' (گرمای خورشید - garmā-ye khorshid). Without it, the sentence sounds broken.

Don't Use for Fever

If you are sick and have a high temperature, do not say you have 'گرما'. The correct medical term for a fever is 'تب' (tab).

Emotional Warmth

While 'گرما' can be used for emotional warmth, 'گرمی' (garmi) is often softer and more natural for describing friendly atmospheres or relationships.

암기하기

어원

Middle Persian

문화적 맥락

Historical Iranian cities are built to manage 'گرما', using narrow, shaded alleys (koocheh) and thick mud-brick walls.

In Iranian traditional medicine, 'گرما' refers to the energetic property of certain foods (like dates, walnuts, lamb) that are believed to increase body heat and energy.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

대화 시작하기

"شما گرما را بیشتر دوست دارید یا سرما را؟ (Do you like heat or cold more?)"

"چگونه در تابستان با گرما مقابله می‌کنید؟ (How do you cope with the heat in summer?)"

"آیا گرمای شهر شما آزاردهنده است؟ (Is the heat in your city annoying?)"

"بدترین گرمایی که تجربه کرده‌اید کجا بود؟ (Where was the worst heat you have experienced?)"

"نظرتان در مورد گرمایش جهانی چیست؟ (What is your opinion on global warming?)"

일기 주제

Write about a day when the heat was unbearable. What did you do?

Describe the difference between the heat in a desert and the heat in a humid city.

How does the heat affect your mood and energy levels?

Write a short poem or descriptive paragraph about the summer heat.

Explain how traditional architecture in your country deals with heat.

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

گرما (garmā) is a noun meaning 'heat'. گرم (garm) is an adjective meaning 'hot'. You use 'گرما' to talk about the concept or presence of heat, like 'The heat is intense' (گرما شدید است). You use 'گرم' to describe an object or the weather, like 'The tea is hot' (چای گرم است). Never use 'گرما' to describe an object directly.

Do not say 'من گرما هستم' (I am heat). The most natural way to say 'I am hot' (feeling hot) is 'من گرمم است' (Man garmam ast), which literally translates to 'to me it is hot'. You can also say 'من احساس گرما می‌کنم' (I feel the heat). Using 'گرما' as a noun object is perfectly correct here.

Yes, it can be used metaphorically, such as 'گرمای حضور او' (the heat/warmth of his presence). However, for emotional warmth or friendliness, the related noun 'گرمی' (garmi) is often preferred. 'گرمی' translates more closely to 'warmth', while 'گرما' is strictly 'heat'.

Yes, 'گرما' is a standard Persian word and is completely acceptable in formal writing, literature, and news. However, in highly scientific or medical contexts, the Arabic loanword 'حرارت' (harārat) or the word for temperature 'دما' (damā) might be used instead to sound more technical.

The final 'ا' (ā) is a long vowel. It should be pronounced like the 'a' in the English word 'father' or 'car'. It is not a short 'a' sound. Emphasize the second syllable: gar-MAA.

The direct opposite of 'گرما' (heat) is 'سرما' (sarmā), which means 'cold' (the noun). Just like 'گرما' comes from 'گرم' (hot), 'سرما' comes from 'سرد' (cold). They follow the exact same morphological pattern.

When linking 'گرما' to another noun to say 'the heat of [something]', you must add the 'ye' sound. In writing, this is often an invisible vowel or a standalone 'ی'. For example, 'گرمای تابستان' (garmā-ye tābestān) means 'the heat of summer'.

گرمازدگی (garmāzadegi) is a compound noun meaning 'heatstroke'. It combines 'گرما' (heat) with the root of the verb 'زدن' (to hit/strike) and the noun suffix 'گی'. It literally means 'the state of being struck by heat'.

Yes. 'گرما' is the general word for heat. If you want to specify humid, oppressive heat (like in coastal cities), you use the word 'شرجی' (sharji). For dry, burning heat, you might use 'گرمای خشک' (dry heat) or 'گرمای سوزان' (scorching heat).

Very common! Complaining about the 'گرما' during the summer is a standard form of small talk in Iran. Phrases like 'امان از این گرما' (mercy from this heat) are heard everywhere. It is a culturally universal bonding topic during the hot months.

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셀프 테스트 180 질문

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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