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B1 noun 8분 분량

کسالت

kesalat
연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 کسالت 30초 만에
설명 کسالت in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'kesālat' often, but you might hear it. Think of it as a polite way to say 'I don't feel good.' Instead of just saying 'man marizam' (I am sick), which sounds like you have a fever or something serious, 'kesālat' is like saying 'I'm a bit under the weather.' At this level, just remember that if someone says 'kesālat dāram,' they are probably going to stay home or rest. It is a noun, so you use it with 'dāram' (I have). You can also learn the word 'kesālat-āvar' to describe a class that is not interesting. It is a big word for a beginner, but it will make you sound very polite and educated. Just remember: Kesālat = Not feeling 100% or feeling bored.
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For A2 learners, 'kesālat' becomes useful for basic social interactions. You can use it in a simple text message to a teacher or a boss: 'Salām, emruz kesālat dāram, nemiāyam' (Hello, I have an indisposition today, I'm not coming). It is better than using 'bimāram' in formal situations. You should also start to notice the difference between 'khasteh' (tired from work) and 'kesālat' (feeling weary or bored). If you watch a movie and it's slow and you don't like it, you can say 'In film kesālat-āvar bud.' This is a great way to expand your vocabulary beyond the simple word 'bad.' It shows you understand the specific *type* of badness—that it was boring.
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At the B1 level, you should be able to distinguish between the various meanings of 'kesālat.' You now know it can mean physical malaise or mental boredom. You should use it to navigate 'Ta'arof' (Persian etiquette). For example, if you are at a gathering and you want to leave because you are tired, saying 'kesālat dāram' is a very safe and polite excuse. You should also learn the common collocation 'raf-e kesālat' (removing boredom). For instance, 'Barāye raf-e kesālat, music gush midaham' (I listen to music to get rid of boredom). At this stage, you are expected to use the word in the correct register—semi-formal to formal. Using it with your best friends might sound a bit funny or sarcastic, which is also a good linguistic skill to develop!
At B2, you should understand 'kesālat' within the context of Persian literature and media. You will see it in news reports about public figures ('kesālat-e jesmi' for physical illness, 'kesālat-e ruhi' for mental weariness). You should be able to use the word to discuss more abstract concepts, like the 'kesālat' of modern life or the 'kesālat' of a repetitive job. You should also be careful not to confuse it with its Arabic root meaning (laziness). In a debate or an essay, you can use 'kesālat-āvar' to criticize a policy or a book. You should also be comfortable with the word family, including 'kasel' (the adjective for a person feeling weary) and how it differs from 'bi-hoseleh.'
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At the C1 level, 'kesālat' is a tool for nuanced expression. You can use it to describe the psychological state of 'ennui'—that deep, existential boredom that has no obvious cause. You should be able to recognize it in classical poetry, where it might be used to describe a heart that has grown weary of the world. You should also understand its role in administrative Persian; for example, in medical certificates or formal apologies. You can use phrases like 'kesālat-e mazmen' (chronic indisposition) or 'kesālat-e moovaghat' (temporary indisposition). Your understanding should include the subtle social signals sent when someone uses this word instead of more direct terms like 'narāhati' or 'marazi.'
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For C2 mastery, you should be able to discuss the etymological shift of 'kesālat' from the Arabic 'kasal' to its current Persian usage. You can analyze how the word functions in the works of modernists like Sadegh Hedayat to represent the crushing weight of existence. You should be able to use it in high-level academic writing about sociology or psychology (e.g., 'kesālat-e ejtemā'i' - social malaise). You should also be a master of the register, knowing exactly when 'kesālat' provides the necessary level of 'Ta'arof' and when it might be perceived as overly evasive. You should be able to use the word and its derivatives to express complex emotional states that blend tiredness, boredom, and a slight physical discomfort.
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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

کسالت 30초 만에

  • Kesālat is a formal Persian noun meaning boredom or a slight physical indisposition.
  • It is commonly used as a polite way to say you are feeling unwell in professional settings.
  • The adjective 'kesālat-āvar' means 'boring' and is used for things like movies or books.
  • It differs from 'bimāri' (illness) by being less specific and more socially acceptable for minor issues.

The Persian word کسالت (pronounced 'kesālat') is a multifaceted noun that primarily translates to boredom, weariness, or a general state of being unwell or indisposed. While its Arabic root 'k-s-l' refers specifically to laziness or indolence, the Persian usage has evolved into a more sophisticated term that encompasses both physical and psychological states. In the modern Persian language, especially in formal or semi-formal contexts, it is frequently used as a polite euphemism for being slightly ill. When someone says they have a 'kesālat,' they are often signaling that they are not feeling their best without necessarily going into the clinical details of their ailment. This makes it an essential word for navigating social etiquette in Iran and other Persian-speaking regions.

Physical Indisposition
In this context, it refers to a mild sickness or malaise. It is the perfect word to use when you need to cancel an appointment or explain why you are not at peak energy. It sounds more refined than 'bimāri' (illness), which can imply something more severe or contagious.
Psychological Boredom
When applied to the mind, it describes a state of ennui or weariness. It is the feeling of being tired of a repetitive task, a long speech, or a lack of stimulation. The adjective form 'kesālat-āvar' (boring) is widely used to describe movies, lectures, or long journeys.

ببخشید، من امروز کمی کسالت دارم و نمی‌توانم به جلسه بیایم.

— Excuse me, I have a slight indisposition today and cannot come to the meeting.

Understanding the nuance of this word requires looking at its social function. In Persian culture, where 'Ta'arof' (a complex system of etiquette) plays a significant role, 'kesālat' serves as a buffer. It allows for a graceful exit from social obligations. Instead of saying 'I am bored of this party,' one might imply a 'kesālat-e ruhi' (spiritual weariness) or use a slight physical 'kesālat' as a reason to depart early. It is also used in literature to describe the weariness of the soul or the existential dread that comes from a life without purpose. In classical poetry, it often contrasts with 'neshāt' (joy/vitality).

Boredom vs. Laziness
While the root means laziness, using 'kesālat' today to mean 'lazy' (tanbali) is rare and sounds archaic. It has moved from an active vice (choosing not to work) to a passive state (feeling weary).

این هوای ابری باعث کسالت و بی‌حوصلگی می‌شود.

— This cloudy weather causes weariness and boredom.

Using 'kesālat' correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a noun and its common pairings with verbs like 'dāshtan' (to have) and 'āvardan' (to bring/cause). Because it is a formal word, it often appears in written reports, formal emails, and polite conversation. However, its derived adjective, 'kesālat-āvar,' is common in everyday speech when criticizing something for being dull.

With 'Dāshtan' (To Have)
This is the standard way to express being unwell. 'Man kesālat dāram' (I have an indisposition). You can quantify it with 'kami' (a little) or 'shadid' (severe, though less common as 'bimāri' is preferred for severe illness).
With 'Raf' (Removal)
'Raf-e kesālat' means to get rid of boredom or weariness. 'Barāye raf-e kesālat be piāderavi raftim' (We went for a walk to get rid of our boredom).

سخنرانی طولانی او باعث کسالت حضار شد.

— His long speech caused the audience's boredom.

When you want to describe an object or situation as boring, you use the compound adjective 'kesālat-āvar.' This is more formal than 'bi-mazeh' (tasteless/not funny) or 'khasteh-konandeh' (tiring). It suggests a lack of intellectual stimulation or a dragging pace. For example, a 'dars-e kesālat-āvar' is a boring lesson. In contrast, 'kesālat-bar' is a less common but poetic variation meaning 'carrying weariness.'

او به دلیل کسالت جسمی در مسابقات شرکت نکرد.

— He did not participate in the competitions due to physical indisposition.
Compound Adjectives
'Kesālat-zadegi' is a state of being stricken by boredom, similar to 'ennui.' It is often used in social commentary to describe a society that has lost its vitality.

If you are in Iran, you will encounter 'kesālat' in several specific environments. First and foremost is the workplace. It is the professional way to report a sick day without being overly dramatic. In an office email, one might write: 'Be dalil-e kesālat, emruz dar khedmat-etun nistam' (Due to indisposition, I am not at your service today). It maintains a level of dignity and privacy regarding the nature of the illness.

In News and Media
When a high-ranking official or a famous artist is slightly unwell, the news will report it as a 'kesālat-e joz'i' (minor indisposition). This phrasing prevents public panic while explaining their absence from an event.
In Literary Circles
Poets and writers use 'kesālat' to describe the 'malady of the age.' It captures that feeling of being tired of the world's repetitive nature. It is a central theme in modern Persian existentialist literature.

گوینده خبر گفت: «رئیس‌جمهور به دلیل کسالت جزئی، برنامه سفر خود را لغو کرد.»

— The news anchor said: 'The President canceled his travel plans due to a minor indisposition.'

You will also hear it in academic settings. A professor might apologize for a 'dars-e kesālat-āvar' (boring lesson) if they feel the students are losing focus. In medical settings, a doctor might ask, 'Che kesālati dārid?' (What is your indisposition/complaint?), though this is quite formal; 'Moshkel-etun chiyeh?' is more common in casual clinics.

زندگی در این روستای دورافتاده پر از کسالت بود.

— Life in this remote village was full of boredom.

The most common mistake for English speakers is using 'kesālat' when they mean 'lazy.' Because the Arabic root 'kasal' means laziness, and some bilingual dictionaries might list it, learners often say 'man kesālat dāram' to mean 'I am feeling lazy.' In modern Persian, this is incorrect. If you are lazy, use 'tanbal.' If you are feeling lazy/unmotivated for the moment, use 'bi-hoseleh.'

Mistaking it for 'Khastegi'
'Khastegi' is physical tiredness from exertion (e.g., after running). 'Kesālat' is a general weariness or malaise. You wouldn't say you have 'kesālat' after a workout; you'd say you are 'khasteh.'
Register Confusion
Using 'kesālat' in a very casual setting with close friends might sound a bit 'assā-ghurt-dādeh' (stiff/pretentious). With friends, just say 'hāl nadāram' (I don't have the mood/energy) or 'marizam' (I'm sick).

❌ من امروز کسالت دارم، نمی‌خواهم اتاقم را تمیز کنم.

— (Incorrect if you mean lazy) I have 'kesālat', I don't want to clean my room. (Use 'tanbalam' instead).

Another error is the misplacement of 'kesālat-āvar.' This adjective describes the *thing* that causes boredom, not the *person* who is bored. If you say 'man kesālat-āvar hastam,' you are saying 'I am a boring person.' If you want to say 'I am bored,' you should say 'man hoseleh-am sar rafteh' or 'man دچار کسالت شده‌ام' (I have become afflicted with boredom), though the former is much more common.

✅ این فیلم بسیار کسالت‌ آور بود.

— This movie was very boring.

Persian has a rich vocabulary for feelings of tiredness and boredom. Choosing the right one depends on whether you are talking about health, mood, or the environment.

Bi-hoselegi (بی‌حوصلگی)
This is the most common word for 'boredom' or 'lack of patience' in daily life. If you are bored because there is nothing to do, use this. 'Kesālat' is more formal and can imply a physical component.
Malāl (ملال)
A very poetic and heavy word for boredom or sorrow. It implies a deep, soul-crushing weariness. You often hear 'bedun-e malāl' (without causing annoyance/boredom) in formal letters.
Na-khoshi (ناخوشی)
Literally 'un-wellness.' This is a close synonym for 'kesālat' when used to mean a minor illness. It is slightly more informal than 'kesālat.'

او از ملال تنهایی به کتاب پناه برد.

— He took refuge in books from the boredom/weariness of loneliness.

When comparing 'kesālat' to 'bimāri,' remember that 'bimāri' is the general term for 'disease' or 'illness.' 'Kesālat' is the 'feeling' of being unwell. You have a 'bimāri' (like the flu), but you feel 'kesālat.' In a professional setting, 'kesālat' is much more polite as it doesn't force the listener to imagine symptoms.

امیدوارم هرچه زودتر کسالت شما برطرف شود.

— I hope your indisposition is resolved as soon as possible.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

While 'kasal' in Arabic is a negative trait (laziness), 'kesālat' in Persian is often used as a polite excuse for health issues, making it a 'softer' word than its ancestor.

발음 가이드

UK /ke.sɒː.ˈlæt/
US /ke.sɑː.ˈlæt/
The stress is on the final syllable: ke-sā-LAT.
라임이 맞는 단어
Edālat (Justice) Salāmat (Health) Kherāfat (Superstition) Zarāfat (Grace) Malāmat (Blame) Rezāyat (Satisfaction) Shekāyat (Complaint) Hedayat (Guidance)
자주 하는 실수
  • Pronouncing the first 'e' as a long 'ee' (Keesālat). It should be a short 'e'.
  • Confusing the 'ā' (alef) with a short 'a'. It must be long and deep.
  • Swallowing the final 't' in formal speech.

난이도

독해 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts but requires context to distinguish between boredom and illness.

쓰기 4/5

Requires knowledge of compound adjectives like 'kesālat-āvar' to use effectively.

말하기 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward, but register choice is important.

듣기 3/5

Common in formal news and polite conversation.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

خسته بیمار حوصله داشتن آوردن

다음에 배울 것

ملال افسردگی نشاط تندرستی مزاج

고급

خمودی فتور سستی انزوا پوچی

알아야 할 문법

Compound Adjectives with -āvar

Kesālat (noun) + āvar (bringer) = Kesālat-āvar (boring).

Ezafe Construction for Possessive Malaise

Kesālat-e man (My indisposition).

Noun to Adjective with -bār

Kesālat + bār = Kesālat-bār (wearisome).

Using 'Dochār-e' with Nouns of Affliction

Man dochār-e kesālat shodam.

Formal Excuses using 'Be dalil-e'

Be dalil-e kesālat nemiāyam.

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수준별 예문

1

من امروز کمی کسالت دارم.

I have a little indisposition today.

Noun + dāram (I have).

2

آیا شما کسالت دارید؟

Do you have an indisposition?

Question form of 'to have'.

3

او به دلیل کسالت نیامد.

He didn't come because of indisposition.

Be dalil-e (because of) + noun.

4

این کلاس کسالت‌آور است.

This class is boring.

Adjective 'kesālat-āvar' used with 'ast'.

5

برای رفع کسالت آب بخور.

Drink water to remove the weariness.

Barāye (for/to) + raf-e (removal).

6

مادرم کسالت دارد.

My mother is unwell.

Subject (mother) + noun + verb.

7

امروز کسالت ندارم.

I don't have an indisposition today.

Negative form 'nadāram'.

8

چرا کسالت داری؟

Why do you have an indisposition?

Interrogative 'cherā'.

1

او همیشه از کسالت شکایت می‌کند.

He always complains about boredom.

Az (from/about) + noun + shekāyat kardan.

2

فیلم دیشب خیلی کسالت‌آور بود.

Last night's movie was very boring.

Adverb 'kheyli' + adjective.

3

او به خاطر کسالت در رختخواب است.

He is in bed due to indisposition.

Be khāter-e (due to).

4

کسالت من جدی نیست.

My indisposition is not serious.

Possessive 'man' + noun.

5

پیاده‌روی برای رفع کسالت خوب است.

Walking is good for removing weariness.

Gerund 'piāderavi' as subject.

6

او با وجود کسالت به کار ادامه داد.

He continued working despite the indisposition.

Bā vojud-e (despite).

7

این کتاب کمی کسالت‌بار است.

This book is a bit boring/wearisome.

Adjective 'kesālat-bār'.

8

کسالت باعث شد زود بخوابم.

Indisposition caused me to sleep early.

Noun as subject + bā'es shod (caused).

1

برای فرار از کسالت روزمره، به سفر رفتیم.

To escape daily boredom, we went on a trip.

Barāye farār az (to escape from).

2

او دچار یک نوع کسالت روحی شده است.

He has become afflicted with a type of spiritual weariness.

Dochār-e (afflicted with) + noun.

3

این کار اداری بسیار کسالت‌آور است.

This office work is very boring.

Adjective describing a specific noun.

4

کسالت او ناشی از کم‌خوابی بود.

His weariness was due to lack of sleep.

Nāshi az (originating from).

5

امیدوارم این کسالت زودگذر باشد.

I hope this indisposition is temporary.

Subjunctive 'bāshad'.

6

او با لحنی پر از کسالت صحبت می‌کرد.

He was speaking with a tone full of boredom.

Bā lahni por az (with a tone full of).

7

بیکاری عامل اصلی کسالت جوانان است.

Unemployment is the main factor of youth boredom.

'Amel-e asli (main factor).

8

او برای رفع کسالت به موسیقی پناه برد.

He took refuge in music to remove his boredom.

Be ... panāh bord (took refuge in).

1

کسالت مزمن او مانع از پیشرفت شغلی‌اش شد.

His chronic indisposition prevented his career progress.

Māne' az (preventing from).

2

فضای حاکم بر جلسه مملو از کسالت بود.

The atmosphere prevailing over the meeting was full of boredom.

Mamlu az (brimming with).

3

او می‌خواست از کسالت‌باری زندگی شهری رها شود.

He wanted to be free from the boredom of city life.

Rahā shodan (to become free).

4

کسالت جسمانی او با استراحت برطرف شد.

His physical indisposition was resolved with rest.

Passive-like construction 'bartaraf shod'.

5

نویسنده در این کتاب به توصیف کسالت مدرن می‌پردازد.

The author describes modern boredom in this book.

Be ... mi-pardāzad (deals with/addresses).

6

این نوع کسالت اغلب در فصل پاییز بیشتر می‌شود.

This type of weariness often increases in autumn.

Comparative 'bishtar mi-shavad'.

7

او با بی‌اعتنایی و کسالت به سوالات پاسخ داد.

He answered the questions with indifference and boredom.

Nouns used as adverbs of manner.

8

رفع کسالت عمومی جامعه نیازمند برنامه‌ریزی است.

Removing the general malaise of society requires planning.

Niāzmand (requiring).

1

او در حصار کسالت و ناامیدی گرفتار شده بود.

He was trapped in the fortress of boredom and despair.

Metaphorical 'hesār' (fortress/fence).

2

کسالت، به مثابه غباری بر آینه روح او نشسته بود.

Boredom, like dust, had settled on the mirror of his soul.

Be masābeh (as/like).

3

اشعار او بازتابی از کسالت عمیق وجودی‌اش هستند.

His poems are a reflection of his deep existential boredom.

Bāztābi az (reflection of).

4

او با مهارتی خاص، کسالت را از چهره‌اش پنهان می‌کرد.

With a special skill, he hid the weariness from his face.

Panhān kardan (to hide).

5

این سکوت طولانی، کسالت فضا را دوچندان می‌کرد.

This long silence doubled the boredom of the atmosphere.

Dochandān kardan (to double/intensify).

6

در پس آن لبخند، کسالتی جانکاه نهفته بود.

Behind that smile, a soul-crushing weariness was hidden.

Jānkāh (soul-diminishing/crushing).

7

او برای گریز از کسالت، به فلسفه روی آورد.

To escape boredom, he turned to philosophy.

Goriz az (escape from).

8

کسالت ناشی از تکرار، خلاقیت را از بین می‌برد.

Boredom resulting from repetition destroys creativity.

Az beyn bordan (to destroy/remove).

1

کسالت در اندیشه هایدگر، دریچه‌ای به سوی اصالت است.

Boredom in Heidegger's thought is a window toward authenticity.

Philosophical usage.

2

او در گرداب کسالت و بیهودگی غرق شده بود.

He was drowned in the whirlpool of boredom and futility.

Gerdāb (whirlpool) metaphor.

3

هنرمند می‌کوشد تا کسالت ماده را به شور فرم بدل کند.

The artist strives to transform the boredom of matter into the passion of form.

Badal kardan (to transform).

4

این متن، واکاوی دقیقی از کسالت در جوامع سرمایه‌داری است.

This text is a precise analysis of boredom in capitalist societies.

Vākāvi (analysis/dissection).

5

او از کسالت به عنوان ابزاری برای نقد مدرنیته استفاده می‌کند.

He uses boredom as a tool to criticize modernity.

Be 'onvān-e (as/in the capacity of).

6

کسالت، نه یک عارضه، بلکه یک وضعیت بنیادین بشری است.

Boredom is not a symptom, but a fundamental human condition.

Na... balke (Not... but rather).

7

در این رمان، کسالت به شخصیتی پویا بدل می‌شود.

In this novel, boredom transforms into a dynamic character.

Shakhsiat-e puyā (dynamic character).

8

او با نگاهی پدیدارشناسانه به پدیده کسالت می‌نگرد.

He looks at the phenomenon of boredom with a phenomenological gaze.

Adverbial 'negāhi ...-āneh'.

자주 쓰는 조합

کسالت داشتن
رفع کسالت
کسالت‌آور بودن
دچار کسالت شدن
کسالت جزئی
کسالت جسمی
کسالت روحی
احساس کسالت
کسالت‌بار
برطرف شدن کسالت

자주 쓰는 구문

کسالت مفرط

— Extreme boredom or weariness.

او از کسالت مفرط رنج می‌برد.

کسالت خاطر

— Disturbance or weariness of the mind/heart.

نمی‌خواهم باعث کسالت خاطر شما شوم.

کسالت مزاج

— Physical indisposition (very formal).

ایشان دچار کسالت مزاج شده‌اند.

دور از کسالت

— Far from boredom (wishing someone a lively time).

امیدوارم روزی دور از کسالت داشته باشید.

غبار کسالت

— The 'dust' of boredom (metaphorical).

غبار کسالت بر شهر نشسته بود.

کسالت قرن

— The boredom of the century (existential).

این کتاب درباره کسالت قرن است.

در اوج کسالت

— At the peak of boredom.

در اوج کسالت، او شروع به آواز خواندن کرد.

بدون هیچ کسالتی

— Without any boredom or illness.

او سفر را بدون هیچ کسالتی به پایان رساند.

کسالت‌آورترین

— The most boring.

این کسالت‌آورترین سخنرانی عمرم بود.

منشأ کسالت

— The source of boredom/illness.

منشأ کسالت او هنوز مشخص نیست.

자주 혼동되는 단어

کسالت vs Laziness (Tanbali)

Kesālat is a state of being; Tanbali is a character trait or choice.

کسالت vs Tiredness (Khastegi)

Khastegi is usually from effort; Kesālat is from lack of interest or malaise.

کسالت vs Sadness (Gham)

Gham is emotional pain; Kesālat is emotional or physical flatness/weariness.

관용어 및 표현

"کسالت‌بار بودن"

— To be extremely dull or tedious.

زندگی در این شهر برای او کسالت‌بار بود.

Neutral
"رفع کسالت کردن"

— To do something to change one's mood or get over a minor illness.

یک چای بخور تا رفع کسالت کنی.

Neutral
"دچار ملال و کسالت شدن"

— To fall into a deep state of ennui.

پس از بازنشستگی دچار ملال و کسالت شد.

Formal
"کسالت خاطر آوردن"

— To cause someone to feel weary or annoyed.

حرف‌های تکراری او باعث کسالت خاطر شد.

Formal
"از کسالت مردن"

— To be bored to death (figurative).

توی اون جلسه داشتیم از کسالت می‌مردیم.

Informal
"رنگ کسالت داشتن"

— To have the appearance of being boring or weary.

همه چیز در این خانه رنگ کسالت دارد.

Literary
"تار و پود کسالت"

— The 'warp and weft' of boredom (every part of it).

تار و پود زندگی‌اش با کسالت گره خورده بود.

Literary
"کسالت را تکاندن"

— To shake off boredom.

باید بلند شوی و این کسالت را از خودت بتکانی.

Informal
"دیوار کسالت"

— The wall of boredom (a barrier to action).

او نتوانست از دیوار کسالت عبور کند.

Poetic
"درمان کسالت"

— The cure for boredom/malaise.

کار بهترین درمان کسالت است.

Neutral

혼동하기 쉬운

کسالت vs کسل (Kasel)

It looks like the root.

Kasel is an adjective meaning 'bored/weary'; Kesālat is the noun.

من کسل هستم (I am bored) vs من کسالت دارم (I have an indisposition).

کسالت vs کاسه (Kāseh)

Similar sound.

Kāseh means 'bowl'.

کاسه را بیاور (Bring the bowl).

کسالت vs کالت (Kalt)

Phonetic similarity.

Kalt is not a Persian word (might be confused with 'Cult' in English).

N/A

کسالت vs کسالت‌بار (Kesālat-bār)

Confused with Kesālat-āvar.

They are mostly synonymous, but -bār is more literary/heavy.

روزهای کسالت‌بار تنهایی.

کسالت vs بی‌حوصله (Bi-hoseleh)

Both mean bored.

Bi-hoseleh is informal and implies lack of patience; Kesālat is formal.

بچه‌ها بی‌حوصله هستند.

문장 패턴

A1

من [Noun] دارم.

من کسالت دارم.

A2

این [Noun] کسالت‌آور است.

این کتاب کسالت‌آور است.

B1

برای رفع [Noun]، [Verb].

برای رفع کسالت، قدم می‌زنم.

B2

او به دلیل [Noun] از [Activity] بازماند.

او به دلیل کسالت از سفر بازماند.

C1

[Noun] بر تمام جوانب زندگی‌اش سایه افکنده بود.

کسالت بر تمام جوانب زندگی‌اش سایه افکنده بود.

C2

واکاوی مفهوم [Noun] در بستر [Context].

واکاوی مفهوم کسالت در بستر مدرنیته.

B1

احساس [Noun] کردن.

احساس کسالت می‌کنم.

A2

[Noun] من جدی نیست.

کسالت من جدی نیست.

어휘 가족

명사

کسالت (kesālat) - boredom/indisposition
کسل (kasal) - archaic/Arabic for laziness

동사

کسل کردن (kasel kardan) - to bore someone
کسل شدن (kasel shodan) - to become bored/weary

형용사

کسالت‌آور (kesālat-āvar) - boring
کسالت‌بار (kesālat-bār) - wearisome
کسل (kasel) - bored/weary
کسل‌کننده (kasel-konandeh) - boring/tiring

관련

تنبلی
بی‌حوصلگی
ملال
بیماری
سستی
무료 가입하고 모든 예문 보기

사용법

frequency

Common in formal speech and writing; moderate in daily conversation.

자주 하는 실수
  • Using 'kesālat' for 'lazy'. → Tanbal (lazy).

    Kesālat is a feeling or state, not a personality trait of avoiding work.

  • Saying 'Man kesālat-āvar hastam' to mean 'I am bored'. → Man bi-hoseleh-am / Hoseleh-am sar rafteh.

    The former means 'I am a boring person'.

  • Using 'kesālat' for a broken bone. → Shekastegi / Masdumiat.

    Kesālat is for general malaise, not specific physical trauma.

  • Pronouncing it 'Kasālat'. → Kesālat.

    The first vowel is an 'e' sound, not an 'a' sound.

  • Confusing 'kesālat' with 'khastegi' after exercise. → Khastegi.

    You are 'khasteh' (tired) after gym, not 'kesālat-dār'.

팁

Workplace Wisdom

When emailing your boss about a sick day, 'kesālat' is the most professional word to use.

The -āvar Suffix

Learn the suffix '-āvar' (bringer). It's used in many words like 'shadi-āvar' (joy-bringing) and 'kesālat-āvar'.

Polite Declining

If you don't want to go to a party, saying 'kami kesālat dāram' is a socially acceptable way to say no.

Poetic Ennui

When reading modern Persian poetry, look for 'kesālat' as a symbol of the 20th-century existential crisis.

Noun vs Adjective

Remember: Kesālat is the THING (boredom), Kesālat-āvar is the DESCRIPTION (boring).

The Short E

Make sure the first 'e' in 'kesālat' is short, like in 'bed'. Don't stretch it out.

News Keywords

If you hear 'kesālat' on the news, listen for 'joz'i' (minor) or 'shadid' (severe) to understand the status.

Ta'arof Buffer

Use 'kesālat' to avoid being too direct about your health or your lack of interest.

K-S-L Root

Associate K-S-L with 'Kessel Run' from Star Wars, but imagine it being very slow and boring instead of fast.

Compound Words

Practice writing 'kesālat-āvar' as one word with a 'half-space' (z-v-n) for better orthography.

암기하기

기억법

Think of 'Kesālat' as 'K-Silent'. When you have kesālat, you are silent because you are either too bored to talk or too sick to speak.

시각적 연상

Imagine a person sitting in a waiting room with a grey cloud over their head. The cloud represents 'kesālat'—it's not a storm (serious illness), just a grey, boring malaise.

Word Web

Boredom Malaise Indisposition Weariness Polite Excuse Ennui Dullness Sick-ish

챌린지

Try to use 'kesālat-āvar' to describe your least favorite chore today, and 'kesālat dāram' to politely decline one small invitation.

어원

Borrowed from Arabic 'kasal' (كَسَل). In Arabic, it primarily means laziness, sloth, or indolence. It entered Persian through literary and religious texts.

원래 의미: Laziness or lack of desire to work.

Semitic (Arabic) root, incorporated into Indo-European (Persian).

문화적 맥락

It is a very safe word. There is no taboo associated with it, unlike 'ravāni' (mental illness) which is highly sensitive.

Comparable to 'under the weather' or 'ennui,' but 'kesālat' is more formal and versatile.

Used in the works of Sadegh Hedayat to describe the existential dread of the protagonist. Mentioned in classical poetry as a barrier to love and spiritual progress. Commonly used in Iranian state media regarding the health of elderly officials.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Workplace

  • مرخصی به دلیل کسالت
  • کسالت ناگهانی
  • گزارش کسالت
  • رفع کسالت کاری

Cinema/Literature

  • داستان کسالت‌آور
  • ریتم کسالت‌بار
  • توصیف کسالت
  • نماد کسالت

Doctor's Visit

  • احساس کسالت عمومی
  • کسالت مزمن
  • شروع کسالت
  • رفع کسالت با دارو

Social Gatherings

  • رفع کسالت مهمانان
  • جو کسالت‌آور
  • فرار از کسالت
  • پایان کسالت

Weather

  • هوای کسالت‌آور
  • کسالت روزهای ابری
  • تاثیر آب و هوا بر کسالت
  • رفع کسالت پاییزی

대화 시작하기

"آیا تا به حال در یک جلسه خیلی کسالت‌آور بوده‌اید؟ (Have you ever been in a very boring meeting?)"

"برای رفع کسالت در روزهای تعطیل چه کار می‌کنید؟ (What do you do to remove boredom on holidays?)"

"به نظر شما چه چیزی یک فیلم را کسالت‌آور می‌کند؟ (In your opinion, what makes a movie boring?)"

"آیا امروز احساس کسالت می‌کنید یا پرانرژی هستید؟ (Do you feel weary today or are you energetic?)"

"چگونه می‌توان از کسالت در محیط کار جلوگیری کرد؟ (How can one prevent boredom in the workplace?)"

일기 주제

درباره زمانی بنویسید که دچار کسالت روحی شده بودید و چگونه آن را برطرف کردید. (Write about a time you had spiritual weariness and how you fixed it.)

آیا فکر می‌کنید تکنولوژی باعث کاهش کسالت شده است یا افزایش آن؟ (Do you think technology has decreased or increased boredom?)

توصیف یک روز کامل که در آن هیچ کاری برای انجام دادن ندارید و دچار کسالت هستید. (Describe a full day with nothing to do and feeling bored.)

تفاوت بین کسالت جسمی و کسالت روحی از نظر شما چیست؟ (What is the difference between physical and mental indisposition in your view?)

یک نامه رسمی بنویسید و در آن به دلیل کسالت، درخواست مرخصی کنید. (Write a formal letter requesting leave due to indisposition.)

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

No, that's a common mistake. In Persian, use 'tanbali' for laziness. 'Kesālat' refers to boredom or feeling unwell.

Yes, it is very polite. It's the standard formal way to say you're feeling a bit sick or that something is uninteresting.

Both mean boring. 'Kesālat-āvar' is slightly more formal and implies a dragging, wearying quality. 'Kesel-konandeh' is also common and literally means 'bore-making'.

You can say 'Dochār-e kesālat shodam' (I have become afflicted with boredom), but in casual speech, most people say 'Hoseleh-am sar rafteh'.

Usually not. If it's serious, Persians use 'bimāri' or 'marazi'. 'Kesālat' is for things like a cold, a headache, or just feeling 'off'.

Yes, extensively. It often represents the heart's weariness with the world's vanity.

You can call them 'ādam-e kesālat-āvari' (a boring person), but it's quite a strong and formal criticism.

Grammatically yes (kesālat-hā), but it's rarely used because the concept is usually treated as singular or uncountable.

The stress is on the last syllable: 'lat'.

Say 'Inshā'allāh kheyr ast' or 'Salāmat bāshid' (May you be healthy).

무료 가입하고 팁과 노트 보기

셀프 테스트 180 질문

writing

یک جمله بنویسید و در آن از کلمه 'کسالت' برای بیان بیماری استفاده کنید.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

یک پاراگراف کوتاه (۳ جمله) درباره یک فیلم کسالت‌آور بنویسید.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

چگونه می‌توان کسالت روزمره را از بین برد؟ (دو راه حل بنویسید).

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

یک ایمیل رسمی کوتاه به رئیس خود بنویسید و بگویید به دلیل کسالت نمی‌توانید به سر کار بروید.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

تفاوت بین کسالت جسمی و کسالت روحی را در دو جمله توضیح دهید.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

یک جمله با عبارت 'رفع کسالت' بنویسید.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

یک جمله با کلمه 'کسالت‌بار' بنویسید.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

اگر کسی به شما بگوید 'کسالت دارم'، شما چه پاسخی به او می‌دهید؟

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

چرا بیکاری باعث کسالت می‌شود؟ (یک دلیل بنویسید).

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

یک جمله ادبی درباره 'کسالت' بنویسید.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

کلمه 'کسالت' را با تلفظ صحیح تکرار کنید.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

جمله 'من امروز کمی کسالت دارم' را بیان کنید.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

توضیح دهید که یک 'فیلم کسالت‌آور' چه ویژگی‌هایی دارد؟

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

اگر دوستتان بگوید 'خیلی بی-حوصله‌ام'، چگونه به او پیشنهاد 'رفع کسالت' می‌دهید؟

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

یک جمله رسمی برای مرخصی گرفتن به دلیل کسالت بگویید.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

کلمه 'کسالت‌آورترین' را در یک جمله به کار ببرید.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

تفاوت 'کسالت' و 'بیماری' را به فارسی توضیح دهید.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

درباره یک روز کسالت‌بار که داشته‌اید صحبت کنید.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

جمله 'امیدوارم کسالت شما برطرف شود' را با لحن مؤدبانه بگویید.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

چرا بعضی از کلاس‌های درس کسالت‌آور هستند؟

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

گوش دهید و کلمه مورد نظر را بنویسید: 'او به دلیل ______ در خانه ماند.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

در این جمله چند بار کلمه 'کسالت' یا هم‌خانواده‌هایش استفاده شده است؟ 'این فیلم کسالت‌آور باعث کسالت من شد.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

معنای جمله شنیده شده چیست؟ 'Barāye raf-e kesālat music gush midaham.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

آیا گوینده از وضعیت خود راضی است؟ 'روزهای من پر از کسالت و تنهایی است.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

کدام صفت شنیده شد؟ 'سفر به کویر اصلاً کسالت‌آور نیست.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

دلیل لغو سفر چه بود؟ (بر اساس جمله شنیده شده: 'سفر به دلیل کسالت لغو شد.')

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

گوینده چه احساسی دارد؟ 'احساس کسالت عجیبی می‌کنم.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

کدام کلمه با 'کسالت' شنیده شد؟ 'کسالت روحی'.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

آیا کسالت او جدی است؟ 'او فقط یک کسالت جزئی دارد.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

فعل جمله را بنویسید: 'کسالت او برطرف شد.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Write a sentence using 'کسالت روحی'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate: 'This lecture is boring.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Write a sentence using 'رفع کسالت'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Write a sentence using 'کسالت جزئی'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate: 'I hope your indisposition goes away soon.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Write a sentence using 'کسالت‌بار'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Describe a boring day in 2 sentences.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Write a formal excuse for missing a class.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Use 'دچار کسالت شدن' in a sentence.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Write a sentence using 'کسالت خاطر'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say: 'I am feeling a bit unwell today.'

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say: 'This book is very boring.'

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say: 'Let's go out to get rid of this boredom.'

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say: 'He has a chronic indisposition.'

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say: 'The atmosphere was full of boredom.'

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen and identify the adjective: 'کسالت‌آور'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen and identify the noun: 'کسالت'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen and identify the phrase: 'رفع کسالت'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen and identify the phrase: 'کسالت روحی'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen and identify the phrase: 'کسالت جزئی'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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