Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use this structure to express physical or situational inability, where the subject is marked with 'se' and the verb is passive.
- Change the subject to the oblique case + 'se' (e.g., 'Mujhse').
- Use the infinitive form of the verb + 'ja' (passive auxiliary).
- Conjugate the auxiliary 'ja' according to the tense and mood.
Overview
How This Grammar Works
Formation Pattern
se: 행위자는 se(~에 의해/로부터)로 표시됩니다.
a(남성 단수 과거 분사)를 붙입니다. *힌트: 거의 변하지 않습니다.*
Jaana: 이것이 문법적 역할(시제)을 합니다. 또한 남성 단수로 유지되며, 보통 jata hai(현재) 또는 gaya(과거)가 됩니다.
주어 + se + 본동사 (aa) + Jaana (남성 단수)
When To Use It
- 완전한 불가능 (부정): 통증, 감정 또는 피로가 당신을 멈추게 할 때.
Mujhse aur *khela* nahi jata
(나 더 이상 못 놀겠어). - 정중한 제안 (긍정): 으스대지 않고 그룹에 무언가를 제안할 때.
Ab *nikla* jaye?(이제 나갈까?). - 허락: 드라마틱하거나 격식을 차려 물을 때.
Kya andar *aaya* jaye?
(들어가도 될까요?). - 일반적인 진리:
Garmi mein *soya* nahi jata
(더위 속에서는 잠을 잘 수 없다).
Common Mistakes
- 성별 바꾸기: 이것이 1순위 실수입니다. 학습자들은 동사를 주어에 맞추려고 합니다. 멈추세요. 당신이 여자라도
Mujhse *chala* nahi jata
라고 말하며,chali nahi jati라고 하지 않습니다. - 타동사 잘못 사용: 이 특정
Bhav Vachya스타일은 엄격하게 자동사(목적어가 없는 동사, 자다, 걷다, 웃다 등)를 위한 것입니다. 목적어가 있다면(예: «밥을 먹다»), 표준 수동태(Karma Vachya)가 되어 규칙이 약간 바뀝니다. - 과도한 사용: 단순한 기술에 사용하지 마세요. «나는 수영을 못해»(기술)는 보통
Mujhe tairna nahi aata
입니다. 이 패턴은 «나는 지금 신체적으로 수영할 수 없어»(피로/부상)일 때 사용하세요.
Contrast With Similar Patterns
- Sakna (할 수 있다):
Main chal nahi sakta
는 단순한 사실입니다: «나는 걸을 수 없다.» (방법을 모르거나 다리가 부러졌을 수 있음).Mujhse chala nahi jata
는 *무력감*이나 *투쟁*을 암시합니다: «도저히 걸을 수가 없어.» - 수동태 (Karma Vachya):
Khana khaya gaya(음식이 먹혔다). 여기서 동사는 *음식*과 일치합니다. 비인칭 수동태에서는 목적어가 없으므로 동사는 *아무것*과도 일치하지 않습니다 (기본적으로 남성 단수).
Quick FAQ
이것을 'ne'와 함께 사용할 수 있나요?
아니요! 'Ne'는 능동태 과거형을 위한 것입니다. 여기서는 항상 'se' 또는 'ke dwara'를 사용합니다.
이것은 격식 있는 표현인가요?
«제안» 형태(
Chalo shuru kiya jaye)는 약간 격식을 차리거나 드라마틱하게 느껴집니다. «불가능» 형태(
Mujhse nahi hota)는 매우 일반적이고 캐주얼합니다.
왜 항상 남성형인가요?
문법의 «주어»가 *행동*(동명사 개념)이고, 힌디어에서는 이것이 남성 단수로 취급되기 때문입니다.
Bhav Vachya Conjugation Table
| Subject | Oblique Form | Verb Root | Passive Auxiliary | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Main
|
Mujhse
|
Chal
|
Jata hai
|
Mujhse chala jata hai
|
|
Tu
|
Tujhse
|
Chal
|
Jata hai
|
Tujhse chala jata hai
|
|
Tum
|
Tumse
|
Chal
|
Jata hai
|
Tumse chala jata hai
|
|
Aap
|
Aapse
|
Chal
|
Jata hai
|
Aapse chala jata hai
|
|
Vah
|
Usse
|
Chal
|
Jata hai
|
Usse chala jata hai
|
|
Hum
|
Humse
|
Chal
|
Jata hai
|
Humse chala jata hai
|
Meanings
This structure expresses an inability to perform an action due to physical, mental, or situational constraints, rather than a lack of permission.
Physical Inability
Inability due to physical exhaustion or limitation.
“मुझसे इतना भारी बक्सा नहीं उठाया जाता।”
“मुझसे अब और नहीं दौड़ा जाता।”
Situational Constraint
Inability due to external circumstances or social pressure.
“मुझसे झूठ नहीं बोला जाता।”
“मुझसे इतनी भीड़ में नहीं रहा जाता।”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Sub + se + V-root + a + jata
|
Mujhse chala jata hai
|
|
Negative
|
Sub + se + V-root + a + nahi jata
|
Mujhse chala nahi jata
|
|
Interrogative
|
Kya + Sub + se + V-root + a + jata?
|
Kya mujhse chala jata hai?
|
|
Past Tense
|
Sub + se + V-root + a + gaya
|
Mujhse chala nahi gaya
|
|
Future Tense
|
Sub + se + V-root + a + jayega
|
Mujhse chala nahi jayega
|
|
Continuous
|
Sub + se + V-root + a + ja raha
|
Mujhse chala nahi ja raha
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
Mujhse ab aur nahi khaya jata. (Dinner party)
Mujhse aur nahi khaya jata. (Dinner party)
Mujhse aur nahi khaya ja raha. (Dinner party)
Bas, nahi ho raha! (Dinner party)
Bhav Vachya Components
Subject
- Mujhse By me
Verb
- Root + a Verb base
Auxiliary
- Jana To go/passive
수준별 예문
मुझसे नहीं चला जाता।
I cannot walk.
मुझसे नहीं खाया जाता।
I cannot eat.
मुझसे नहीं सोया जाता।
I cannot sleep.
मुझसे नहीं पढ़ा जाता।
I cannot read.
मुझसे इतना काम नहीं किया जाता।
I cannot do this much work.
मुझसे सुबह नहीं उठा जाता।
I cannot wake up early.
उससे यह नहीं सहा जाता।
He cannot bear this.
क्या तुमसे यह नहीं किया जाता?
Can you not do this?
मुझसे इतनी गर्मी में नहीं रहा जाता।
I cannot live in this much heat.
मुझसे झूठ नहीं बोला जाता।
I cannot tell a lie.
मुझसे इतनी भीड़ में नहीं चला जाता।
I cannot walk in this crowd.
उससे अब और नहीं दौड़ा जाता।
He cannot run anymore.
मुझसे यह अपमान नहीं सहा जाता।
I cannot tolerate this insult.
मुझसे इतनी लंबी यात्रा नहीं की जाती।
I cannot undertake such a long journey.
मुझसे यह जिम्मेदारी नहीं उठाई जाती।
I cannot take on this responsibility.
क्या तुमसे यह बोझ नहीं उठाया जाता?
Can you not lift this burden?
मुझसे इस तरह का व्यवहार नहीं सहा जाता।
I cannot endure this kind of behavior.
मुझसे अब और यह नाटक नहीं देखा जाता।
I cannot watch this drama anymore.
मुझसे इतनी जटिल समस्या नहीं सुलझाई जाती।
I cannot solve such a complex problem.
मुझसे यह कड़वा सच नहीं बोला जाता।
I cannot speak this bitter truth.
मुझसे इस व्यवस्था के विरुद्ध नहीं लड़ा जाता।
I cannot fight against this system.
मुझसे इतनी विलासिता में नहीं रहा जाता।
I cannot live in such luxury.
मुझसे यह कठिन निर्णय नहीं लिया जाता।
I cannot take this difficult decision.
मुझसे अब और मौन नहीं रहा जाता।
I cannot remain silent anymore.
혼동하기 쉬운
Both express 'cannot'.
Both use 'jana'.
Subject markers.
자주 하는 실수
Main nahi chala jata
Mujhse chala nahi jata
Mujhse chala nahi
Mujhse chala nahi jata
Mujhse chala sakna
Mujhse chala nahi jata
Mujhse nahi chalna
Mujhse chala nahi jata
Usse chala nahi
Usse chala nahi jata
Mujhse nahi jata chala
Mujhse chala nahi jata
Mujhse nahi kiya sakti
Mujhse nahi kiya jata
Mujhse nahi kiya gaya
Mujhse nahi kiya jata
Mujhse nahi jata
Mujhse chala nahi jata
Mujhse nahi bolna jata
Mujhse bola nahi jata
Mujhse nahi bol pa raha
Mujhse bola nahi jata
Mujhse nahi jata bol
Mujhse bola nahi jata
Mujhse nahi kiya jata hai
Mujhse nahi kiya jata
문장 패턴
Mujhse ___ nahi jata.
Kya tumse ___ nahi jata?
Mujhse itni ___ mein nahi raha jata.
Mujhse yeh ___ nahi saha jata.
Real World Usage
Mujhse ab nahi ho raha.
Mujhse yeh zimmedari nahi uthayi jati.
Mujhse aur nahi chala jata.
Mujhse aur nahi khaya jata.
Mujhse yeh drama nahi dekha jata.
Mujhse aur nahi uthaya jata.
Focus on the 'se'
Don't use 'sakna'
Use for complaints
Be emotive
Smart Tips
Use 'Mujhse... nahi jata' to express your state.
Use it to frame refusal as a limitation.
Use it to describe your inability to cope.
Use it to express deep feelings.
발음
Jata
The 'j' is a soft palatal stop. The 't' is a retroflex stop.
Falling intonation
Mujhse chala nahi jata ↘
Conveys resignation or exhaustion.
암기하기
기억법
Think of 'Bhav Vachya' as 'Body Vachya'—it's about what your body can or cannot handle.
시각적 연상
Imagine yourself trying to lift a heavy rock. You are pushing, but your body says 'no'. That 'no' is the 'nahi jata'.
Rhyme
Mujhse nahi chala jata, thak gaya hoon main bhai, ab mujhse nahi khaya jata.
Story
Rohan tried to run a marathon. He reached the 10km mark. He stopped. He said, 'Mujhse nahi dauda jata.' He sat down and realized his legs were done.
Word Web
챌린지
For the next 5 minutes, describe 3 things you physically cannot do right now using the 'Mujhse... nahi jata' structure.
문화 노트
This is very common in daily life to express fatigue after work.
Used in literature to show the character's internal struggle.
Often shortened or mixed with English.
Derived from Sanskrit passive constructions.
대화 시작하기
Kya tumse subah jaldi utha jata hai?
Kya tumse itna kaam kiya jata hai?
Kya tumse jhooth bola jata hai?
Kya tumse yeh kathin nirnay liya jata hai?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
Mujhse ___ nahi jata. (walk)
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Usse chala nahi.
Main nahi kha sakta.
A: Kya tumse dauda jata hai? B: ___
Mujhse / nahi / jata / saha.
Mujhse / jata / nahi / chala.
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Score: /8
연습 문제
8 exercisesMujhse ___ nahi jata. (walk)
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Usse chala nahi.
Main nahi kha sakta.
A: Kya tumse dauda jata hai? B: ___
Mujhse / nahi / jata / saha.
Mujhse / jata / nahi / chala.
Match: Mujhse chala nahi jata
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesUsse dard ke maare ___ nahi gaya. (speak)
I cannot sit here. (Using Impersonal Passive)
Rahul se roya nahi jati.
Match the following:
nahi / mujhse / hai / jata / dekha
Select the suggestion form:
Garmi mein ___ nahi jata. (cook)
Ladkiyon se bhaagi nahi gayi.
Translate using Impersonal Passive.
Which sentence correctly uses the passive marker?
Chalo, ab nahaaya ___ . (suggestion)
hansa / bhi / nahi / mujhse / gaya
Score: /12
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
No, it can be used in affirmative, but it is much more common in negative.
Mostly for intransitive verbs or verbs expressing physical states.
Sakna is ability; Bhav Vachya is involuntary impossibility.
It is neutral and used in all registers.
It marks the agent in passive constructions.
Yes, 'Mujhse chala nahi gaya'.
Extremely common.
The auxiliary 'jata' changes if the object is feminine, but usually it stays masculine singular.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
No se puede
Hindi uses the oblique case for the agent.
On ne peut pas
Hindi is more specific about the agent.
Man kann nicht
Hindi is more personal.
Dekinai
Hindi uses a passive structure.
La astati'u
Hindi is passive.
Bu neng
Hindi is passive and oblique.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
Related Grammar Rules
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