Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
To make most French nouns and adjectives plural, simply add an 's' to the end of the singular form.
- Add -s to most nouns: un chat → des chats.
- Add -s to most adjectives: petit → petits.
- Articles change too: le/la/un/une become les/des.
Overview
chat) 한 마리는 mignon하지만, 다섯 마리는 mignons가 됩니다.How This Grammar Works
Formation Pattern
-s를 추가하세요.
When To Use It
Common Mistakes
-s를 아예 잊어버리거나 발음하려고 하는 것입니다.Contrast With Similar Patterns
Quick FAQ
s를 발음하나요? A: 아니요, 거의 항상 묵음입니다.
Pluralization Table
| Singular | Plural | Article (S) | Article (P) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
chat
|
chats
|
le
|
les
|
|
pomme
|
pommes
|
une
|
des
|
|
ami
|
amis
|
un
|
des
|
|
livre
|
livres
|
le
|
les
|
|
chien
|
chiens
|
le
|
les
|
|
fleur
|
fleurs
|
une
|
des
|
Meanings
The process of indicating that there is more than one of an object or that a quality applies to multiple items.
Standard Plural
Indicating multiple items.
“Les livres sont sur la table.”
“J'aime les pommes.”
Reference Table
| 성별 | 단수 (하나) | 복수 (여러 개) | 예시 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
남성
|
content
|
contents
|
Ils sont contents.
|
|
여성
|
contente
|
contentes
|
Elles sont contentes.
|
|
남성
|
bleu
|
bleus
|
Tes yeux sont bleus.
|
|
여성
|
bleue
|
bleues
|
Les voitures sont bleues.
|
|
남성
|
fort
|
forts
|
Mes frères sont forts.
|
|
여성
|
forte
|
fortes
|
Elles sont très fortes.
|
|
혼성
|
grand
|
grands
|
Marc et Léa sont grands.
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
Je possède des chats. (Daily conversation)
J'ai des chats. (Daily conversation)
J'ai des chats. (Daily conversation)
J'ai des chats. (Daily conversation)
복수형 파티 규칙
남성형
- grands 키가 큰
- petits 작은
여성형
- grandes 키가 큰 (여성)
- petites 작은 (여성)
단수 vs 복수
-s를 붙여야 할까요?
명사가 복수인가요?
이미 -s나 -x로 끝나나요?
일반적인 형용사인가요?
실전 복수형 세트
색깔
- • bleus
- • verts
- • noirs
크기
- • grands
- • petits
- • courts
감정
- • contents
- • fatigués
- • tristes
수준별 예문
J'ai des chats.
I have cats.
Les livres sont ici.
The books are here.
Ce sont des amis.
These are friends.
Les pommes sont rouges.
The apples are red.
Je vois des petites fleurs.
I see small flowers.
Les voitures sont rapides.
The cars are fast.
Il n'a pas de frères.
He has no brothers.
Les grands chiens courent.
The big dogs are running.
Les nouveaux étudiants arrivent.
The new students are arriving.
Nous avons des projets importants.
We have important projects.
Les décisions difficiles sont prises.
Difficult decisions are made.
Il y a des oiseaux partout.
There are birds everywhere.
Les phénomènes météorologiques sont imprévisibles.
Weather phenomena are unpredictable.
Les analyses approfondies montrent des résultats.
In-depth analyses show results.
Les gouvernements doivent prendre des mesures.
Governments must take measures.
Ces idées sont complexes et nuancées.
These ideas are complex and nuanced.
Les arcs-en-ciel sont magnifiques.
Rainbows are magnificent.
Les chefs-d'œuvre de la littérature française.
Masterpieces of French literature.
Les enjeux sociétaux sont primordiaux.
Societal stakes are paramount.
Les stratégies mises en œuvre sont efficaces.
The strategies implemented are effective.
Les mœurs de cette époque étaient singulières.
The customs of that era were singular.
Les détails infimes échappent souvent à l'œil.
Minute details often escape the eye.
Les vicissitudes de la vie sont inévitables.
The vicissitudes of life are inevitable.
Les nuances sémantiques sont cruciales ici.
Semantic nuances are crucial here.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners use 'des' in negative sentences.
Forgetting to pluralize the adjective.
Adding -s to nouns ending in -s.
자주 하는 실수
le chats
les chats
des chat
des chats
les petit chats
les petits chats
j'ai des chats pas
je n'ai pas de chats
des journauxs
des journaux
les souris
les souris
des beauxs
des beaux
les chevals
les chevaux
des travauxs
des travaux
les yeuxs
les yeux
les arcs-en-ciels
les arcs-en-ciel
les chefs-d'œuvres
les chefs-d'œuvre
les après-midis
les après-midi
les porte-monnaies
les porte-monnaie
문장 패턴
J'ai des ___.
Les ___ sont ___.
Je n'ai pas de ___.
Les ___ que j'aime sont ___.
Real World Usage
Je voudrais trois croissants.
Mes amis sont géniaux !
Mes compétences sont variées.
Où sont les billets ?
Je veux deux pizzas.
Voici les documents.
소리 없는 암살자 -s
Ils sont petits.성별부터 챙기세요!
Elles sont grandes.이미 s가 있다면?
Les chats sont gris.
Smart Tips
Check the noun, then check the article, then check the adjective.
Remember the 'de' rule for 'pas'.
Ask yourself: 'What does this describe?'
Check the ending for -s, -x, -z.
발음
Silent S
The 's' at the end of a plural noun is almost always silent.
Rising
Les chats ? ↗
Questioning if there are cats.
암기하기
기억법
S is for 'Several'—add an S to make it several!
시각적 연상
Imagine a single cat wearing a hat. Then, suddenly, a magical 'S' appears and multiplies the cat into a group of cats.
Rhyme
One is fine, but if you have more, add an S to the noun and the core!
Story
Pierre had one apple (une pomme). He wanted more, so he added an 's' to his basket. Suddenly, he had many apples (des pommes). He was so happy he added an 's' to his friend (un ami) to make many friends (des amis).
Word Web
챌린지
Look around your room and write down 5 things you see. Write them in singular, then convert them to plural.
문화 노트
French speakers are very precise about plural agreement in writing.
Pluralization is identical, but pronunciation of final consonants can vary.
Standard French grammar is used in schools and media.
French pluralization evolved from the Latin accusative plural ending in -s.
대화 시작하기
As-tu des animaux ?
Quels livres aimes-tu ?
Quels sont tes projets ?
Quelles idées as-tu ?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
Les chats sont _____ (petit).
문법적으로 올바른 문장을 고르세요:
Find and fix the mistake:
Les voitures sont bleu.
Score: /3
연습 문제
8 exercisesLe chat → Les ___
___ amis sont là.
Find and fix the mistake:
J'ai des chat.
La pomme est rouge.
Do you pronounce the final 's'?
A: As-tu des frères? B: Non, je n'ai pas ___.
les / sont / grands / chiens
Livre
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercises그 책들은 흥미로워요.
sont / Les / intelligentes / filles
짝을 맞추세요:
Ces exercices sont _____ (difficile).
Les hommes sont...
Les robes sont rouge.
아이들은 행복해요.
sont / Mes / verts / stylos
Les fleurs sont...
Les jeux sont _____ (amusant).
Score: /10
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
Almost always! But words ending in -s, -x, or -z stay the same.
It's a historical feature of French pronunciation.
They also get an 's' to match the noun.
Yes, it becomes 'de'.
Yes, like 'journal' to 'journaux'.
Look at the article (les/des).
Yes, the written rule is standard.
No, use 'les' for specific and 'des' for general.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Add -s or -es
Spanish adjectives agree, but the article system is slightly different.
Various endings
French is much more consistent with -s.
No plural marker
French requires explicit plural markers.
Broken plurals
French uses a suffix.
Contextual
French uses mandatory markers.
Add -s
French requires agreement.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
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