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立ちます (立つ)

A2 verb #600 가장 일반적인 10분 분량

立ちます (立つ)

tachimasu (tatsu) 상위 600

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 立ちます (立つ) 30초 만에

설명 立ちます (立つ) in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners focus on the most literal and physical meaning of 'tatsu'. It is introduced as 'tachimasu' in polite Japanese. The primary goal is to understand and follow basic commands like 'Tatte kudasai' (Please stand up) in a classroom or social setting. Learners are taught to distinguish it from 'suwarimasu' (to sit). Simple sentences like 'Watashi wa tachimasu' (I stand) or 'Koko ni tatte kudasai' (Please stand here) are common. The focus is on the present and past polite forms (tachimasu, tachimashita) and the 'te-form' for requests. There is little emphasis on abstract meanings or complex particles at this stage. The kanji 立 is often introduced early because of its simple five-stroke structure and clear pictographic origin representing a person standing on the ground.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the A2 level, the usage of 'tatsu' expands to include common daily scenarios and basic idiomatic expressions. Learners begin to use 'tatsu' to describe states, such as 'densha de tatte imasu' (I am standing on the train). The concept of 'time passing' (jikan ga tatsu) is introduced, though usually with the hiragana or the specific kanji 経つ. Learners also encounter the very common phrase 'yaku ni tatsu' (to be useful) for the first time. They start to understand the difference between 'ni tatsu' (stand at a spot) and 'de tatsu' (stand in an area). The potential form 'tateru' (can stand) and the compound verb 'tachi-agaru' (to rise up) are also part of the A2 curriculum, allowing for more descriptive storytelling about physical actions.

By B1, learners are expected to handle more figurative and abstract uses of 'tatsu'. This includes 'yotei ga tatsu' (a plan is established) and 'medatsu' (to stand out/be conspicuous). The nuances between different kanji for the same pronunciation (立つ, 経つ, 発つ) become more important. Learners use 'tatsu' in more complex grammatical structures, such as 'tatta mama' (while remaining standing) or 'tatsu to doushi ni' (as soon as [someone] stood). They also begin to see 'tatsu' used in descriptions of nature, like 'nami ga tatsu' (waves rise) or 'kemuri ga tatsu' (smoke rises). The register of the word expands, as they learn how 'tatsu' is used in humble or honorific contexts, although the verb itself doesn't have a direct honorific counterpart, it is often part of honorific phrases.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the B2 level, 'tatsu' is used in a wide array of idiomatic expressions and professional contexts. Learners understand 'kao ga tatsu' (to save face) and 'hara ga tatsu' (to get angry - literally 'the stomach stands up'). They can use 'tatsu' to describe social positions, such as 'shidousha no kuruma ni tatsu' (to stand in the position of a leader). The use of 'tatsu' in literature to describe scenery or atmosphere becomes more accessible. For example, 'kiri ga tatsu' (mist rises) or 'fuyu no kehai ga tatsu' (a hint of winter arises). Learners are also comfortable with the causative form 'tataseru' (to make someone stand) and the passive form 'tatare-ru' (often used in the sense of being 'stood up' or inconvenienced by someone's standing).

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

C1 learners explore the subtle literary and historical nuances of 'tatsu'. They encounter 'tatsu' in classical-style expressions and proverbs. The verb is seen in complex compound forms like 'tachi-zukushi' (standing all the while) or 'tachi-furumai' (behavior/deportment). They understand the philosophical implications of 'standing' in Japanese thought—the idea of being independent (jiritsu) or standing firm in one's convictions. In professional writing, they can use 'tatsu' to describe the establishment of a company or a legal precedent. The distinction between 'tatsu' and its many synonyms becomes a matter of stylistic choice, where 'tatsu' might be chosen for its evocative, physical imagery compared to more abstract Sino-Japanese words (kango).

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the C2 level, mastery of 'tatsu' involves an intuitive grasp of its use in high-level literature, poetry, and archaic texts. The learner understands how 'tatsu' functions in 'waka' poetry to symbolize the changing of seasons or the onset of emotions. They can navigate the most obscure idioms, such as 'se ni hara wa kaerarenai' (though this uses 'hara', the concept of 'tatsu' as a physical state of being is often discussed in its etymology). They can use 'tatsu' with perfect precision in any register, from the roughest slang to the most formal legal or imperial language. The word is no longer just a verb but a versatile tool for expressing existence, transition, and social dynamics in the most sophisticated ways possible.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

立ちます (立つ) 30초 만에

Primary meaning: To stand up or be in a vertical position on one's feet.
Secondary meaning: The passage of time (e.g., hours or years passing).
Common idiom: 'Yaku ni tatsu' means to be useful or helpful.
Grammar: An intransitive Godan verb; polite form is 'tachimasu', te-form is 'tatte'.

The Japanese verb 立ちます (tachimasu), or in its dictionary form 立つ (tatsu), is a fundamental pillar of the Japanese language, categorized at the CEFR A2 level. At its most basic level, it describes the physical act of moving from a sitting or lying position to a vertical one, or simply the state of being upright on one's feet. However, in the rich tapestry of Japanese communication, its utility extends far beyond mere physical posture. It encompasses the passage of time, the formation of natural phenomena, and the establishment of abstract concepts like plans or reputations.

Physical Posture: The primary use is to describe a person or animal standing up. For example, standing in a crowded train or standing up to greet a guest. It is an intransitive verb, meaning the subject performs the action themselves without a direct object.

電車の中でずっと立っていました。 (I was standing the whole time in the train.)

Beyond the physical, tatsu is used for the passage of time. When you say 'time passes,' you use 時間が経つ (jikan ga tatsu). Although the kanji can sometimes change to 経 for time, the phonetic root and the core concept of 'standing' or 'existing through a duration' remain linked in the learner's mind. Furthermore, it is used for natural occurrences like smoke rising (kemuri ga tatsu) or bubbles forming (awa ga tatsu). This suggests a movement from a state of non-existence or dormancy to a visible, vertical presence.

Abstract Establishment: When a plan is made, we say 'yotei ga tatsu'. This implies the plan has 'stood up' or become a solid entity. Similarly, it is used for 'standing out' in a crowd (medatsu), where 'me' (eye) and 'tatsu' (stand) combine to mean 'to stand in the eye'.

新しい計画が立ちました。 (A new plan has been established/set.)

In social contexts, 'tatsu' also relates to one's face or reputation. 'Kao ga tatsu' means to save face or maintain one's honor. This highlights how deeply the concept of 'standing' is tied to social standing and integrity in Japanese culture. Whether you are standing in a kitchen (daidokoro ni tatsu) to cook or standing as a candidate in an election (kouho ni tatsu), the verb signifies an active, engaged presence in the world.

Functional Usage: It is also used for physical objects that are set upright. A pole standing in the ground or a building standing on a hill uses this verb to describe their state of being. It emphasizes the vertical orientation relative to the horizon.

丘の上に家が立っています。 (A house is standing on the hill.)

Using 立ちます (tachimasu) correctly requires an understanding of its conjugation as a Group 1 (Godan) verb and the particles that typically accompany it. Because it is an intransitive verb, it never takes the direct object particle 'wo' (を). Instead, it focuses on the subject and the location or manner of standing.

The Particle 'Ni' (に): The particle 'ni' is used to indicate the specific spot where someone or something stands. It marks the point of contact or the destination of the standing action. For example, 'Isu no mae ni tatsu' (Stand in front of the chair).

ステージの真ん中に立ってください。 (Please stand in the middle of the stage.)

Conjugation is key for A2 learners. As a Godan verb ending in 'tsu' (つ), the dictionary form is 'tatsu'. When changing to the polite 'masu' form, the 'tsu' becomes 'chi', resulting in 'tachimasu'. For the 'te' form, which is essential for requests and continuous actions, the 'tsu' undergoes a small 'tsu' (sokuon) change to become 'tatte'. This pattern is consistent across all verbs ending in 'tsu'.

The Particle 'De' (で): While 'ni' marks the spot, 'de' is used to describe the general area or environment where the action of standing occurs. 'Kouen de tatsu' (Standing in the park) implies the park is the setting for the action.

雨の中で一時間も立っていました。 (I was standing in the rain for as long as an hour.)

One of the most common sentence patterns for 'tatsu' is the potential form, 立てる (tateru), meaning 'can stand'. This is often used in medical contexts or when describing someone's physical ability after an injury. Conversely, the negative potential 立てない (tatenai) means 'cannot stand'. This is a powerful way to express physical limitation or even emotional shock (e.g., 'I was so shocked I couldn't stand').

Combining with Other Verbs: 'Tatsu' is frequently combined with 'agaru' (to rise) to form 'tachi-agaru' (to stand up/rise up). This compound verb emphasizes the motion of getting up from a seated position, whereas 'tatsu' alone can simply mean the state of standing.

彼は急に立ち上がりました。 (He suddenly stood up.)

In Japan, you will encounter 立ちます (tachimasu) in a variety of daily scenarios, ranging from public transportation to professional environments. Understanding these contexts helps you grasp the cultural weight of the word beyond its dictionary definition.

On Public Transport: Japan's trains are famous for being crowded. You will often hear people discussing whether they had to stand or were able to sit. 'Zutto tatteita' (I stood the whole time) is a common complaint after a long commute. Announcements might also remind passengers to hold onto straps if they are standing.

満員電車で立っているのは大変です。 (Standing in a packed train is tough.)

In the classroom or formal ceremonies, the command 起立 (kiritsu) is used. While this is a noun, it is the formal counterpart to the verb 'tatsu'. Students hear this every day at the start and end of class. In a more casual setting, a teacher might say 'Minna, tatte' (Everyone, stand up) when preparing for an activity.

In the Kitchen: A unique idiomatic use is 'daidokoro ni tatsu' (to stand in the kitchen). This doesn't just mean standing there; it means the act of cooking or being the person responsible for the meal. It's a common way to describe someone's role in the household.

母は毎日長い時間台所に立っています。 (My mother stands in the kitchen (cooks) for a long time every day.)

You will also hear 'tatsu' in the context of weather and nature. If there is a lot of dust or sand in the air, people say 'tsuchi-kemuri ga tatsu' (a cloud of dust rises). When waves are high, they say 'nami ga tatsu'. These expressions paint a picture of the environment 'standing up' or becoming turbulent.

Social and Professional Standing: In business, you might hear 'yotei ga tatanai' (a plan won't stand/can't be made). This is used when things are too uncertain to finalize a schedule. Also, 'yaku ni tatsu' (to be useful) is one of the most frequent phrases, literally meaning 'to stand in use'.

この辞書はとても役に立ちます。 (This dictionary is very useful.)

While 立ちます (tachimasu) seems straightforward, English speakers often stumble on its transitivity, its specific kanji usage, and its distinction from similar verbs like 'okiru'.

Transitive vs. Intransitive: The biggest mistake is confusing 'tatsu' (to stand) with 'tateru' (to stand something up/to build). 'Tatsu' is intransitive; you cannot 'tatsu' a pencil. You must 'tateru' a pencil. If you say 'enpitsu wo tachimasu', it is grammatically incorrect. It should be 'enpitsu wo tatemasu'.

Incorrect: 本を立ちます。
Correct: 本を立てます。 (I stand the book up.)

Another common error is using the wrong particle for the location. Many learners use 'wo' because they think of 'standing the station' (as in occupying it), but Japanese requires 'ni' for the point of standing or 'de' for the area. 'Eki wo tatsu' would actually mean 'to leave the station' (using a different kanji 立つ/発つ), which leads to significant confusion.

The 'Time Passes' Trap: When talking about time passing, learners often forget that 'tatsu' is the standard verb. They might try to use 'iku' (to go) or 'sugiru' (to pass/exceed). While 'sugiru' is possible, 'tatsu' is the most natural for 'time has passed'. Remember to use the past tense: 'Jikan ga tatta' (Time has passed).

あれから三年の月日が立ちました。 (Three years have passed since then.)

Kanji confusion is also prevalent. 'Tatsu' can be written as 立つ (stand), 経つ (time passes), or 発つ (depart). While they all sound like 'tatsu', they are not interchangeable in writing. At the A2 level, focus on 立つ for physical standing and 経つ for time. If you use 立つ for 'departing', it might be understood but looks uneducated.

Particle 'Ga' vs 'Wa': In phrases like 'yaku ni tatsu' (to be useful), the particle is fixed. Learners often try to say 'yaku wo tatsu' or 'yaku ni tachimasu' without the subject particle. The full phrase is '(Something) ga yaku ni tatsu'. Don't omit the 'ni'!

Incorrect: これは役にします。
Correct: これは役に立ちます。 (This is useful.)

To truly master 立ちます (tachimasu), it is helpful to compare it with other verbs that describe rising, existing, or being upright. These nuances distinguish a beginner from an intermediate speaker.

Tatsu (立つ) vs. Okiru (起きる): 'Tatsu' is about the vertical posture. 'Okiru' is about moving from a horizontal (lying down) position to a non-horizontal one, or waking up. You 'okiru' in the morning, then you 'tatsu' to walk to the bathroom.

ベッドから起きて、すぐに立ちました。 (I got up from bed and immediately stood up.)

Another important comparison is with 立ち上がる (tachi-agaru). While 'tatsu' can describe the state of standing, 'tachi-agaru' specifically emphasizes the action of rising from a seat. If someone is already standing, you wouldn't use 'tachi-agaru'. Use 'tachi-agaru' when you want to describe the physical movement of standing up.

Tatsu (立つ) vs. Tateru (立てる): As mentioned in common mistakes, 'tateru' is the transitive version. You 'tateru' (set up) a tent, but the tent 'tatte-iru' (is standing). This distinction is vital for describing who is performing the action on what.

庭にテントを立てました。 (I set up a tent in the garden.)

In the context of 'usefulness', 役立つ (yakudatsu) is a more concise version of 'yaku ni tatsu'. Both are used frequently, but 'yakudatsu' is slightly more formal and often used in writing. At the A2 level, 'yaku ni tachimasu' is more common in spoken Japanese.

Departing: Tatsu (発つ): When 'tatsu' means to depart, synonyms include 'shuppatsu suru' (to depart) or 'deru' (to leave). 'Tatsu' (発つ) is often used for long journeys or leaving a significant place, like 'Narita wo tatsu' (Departing from Narita).

明日の朝、東京を発ちます。 (I will depart Tokyo tomorrow morning.)

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

The kanji for 'tatsu' is one of the first 100 kanji taught to Japanese children because it is so visually intuitive and fundamental to daily life.

발음 가이드

UK ta.tsu

US tɑ.tsu

Atamadaka (High-Low) pattern: TA-tsu.

라임이 맞는 단어

Katsu (to win) Matsu (to wait) Motsu (to hold) Utsu (to hit) Natsu (summer) Atsu (heat) Butsu (thing) Ketsu (end)

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing 'tsu' as 'su'.
Stressing the second syllable.
Making the 'a' sound too long like 'taaa'.
Confusing the 'chi' in 'tachimasu' with 'shi'.
Failing to do the small 'tsu' in 'tatte'.

난이도

독해 2/5

The kanji is simple, but the different versions (立, 経, 発) can be tricky.

쓰기 2/5

The kanji 立 is only 5 strokes and very easy to write.

말하기 2/5

The 'tsu' to 'chi' and 'tte' conjugation is a standard hurdle for beginners.

듣기 2/5

Easily confused with 'matsu' (wait) or 'katsu' (win) in fast speech.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

座る (suwaru) 歩く (aruku) 人 (hito) 椅子 (isu) 時間 (jikan)

다음에 배울 것

立てる (tateru) 起きる (okiru) 立ち上がる (tachi-agaru) 役に立つ (yaku ni tatsu) 立場 (tachiba)

고급

聳え立つ (sobie-tatsu) 際立つ (kiwa-datsu) 立ち往生 (tachi-oujou) 自立 (jiritsu)

알아야 할 문법

Te-form + iru (State/Continuous)

彼はそこに立っています。

Potential Form (Godan)

怪我をして立てません。

Te-form + kudasai (Request)

立ってください。

Noun + ni + tatsu (Location)

ステージに立つ。

Time + tatsu (Passage of time)

一ヶ月が経った。

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

수준별 예문

ここに立ってください。

Please stand here.

Uses the te-form + kudasai for a polite request.

私は今、立っています。

I am standing now.

Uses the present continuous form (te-iru) to show a current state.

田中さんは立ちました。

Mr. Tanaka stood up.

Simple past polite form.

椅子から立ちます。

I will stand up from the chair.

The particle 'kara' indicates the starting point of the action.

立たないでください。

Please do not stand up.

Negative te-form + kudasai for a negative request.

みんなで立ちましょう。

Let's all stand up.

The 'mashou' ending indicates a suggestion or invitation.

どこに立ちますか？

Where will you stand?

Question form using the interrogative 'doko'.

あそこに立っている人は誰ですか？

Who is the person standing over there?

The verb 'tatte iru' acts as an adjective modifying 'hito' (person).

電車で一時間立ちました。

I stood for an hour on the train.

Duration (one hour) is placed before the verb.

この本はとても役に立ちます。

This book is very useful.

The idiomatic phrase 'yaku ni tatsu' means 'to be useful'.

時間が経つのは早いです。

Time passes quickly.

Uses 'tatsu' (経つ) for the passage of time.

足が痛くて立てません。

My legs hurt and I can't stand.

Negative potential form 'tatenai' (cannot stand).

名前を呼ばれたら立ってください。

Please stand up when your name is called.

Uses the conditional 'tara' (when/if).

彼は急に立ち上がりました。

He suddenly stood up.

Compound verb 'tachi-agaru' emphasizes the rising motion.

台所に立って料理を作ります。

I stand in the kitchen and cook.

The te-form connects two sequential actions.

木の陰に立っています。

I am standing in the shade of a tree.

Particle 'ni' marks the specific location.

新しい計画がようやく立ちました。

A new plan has finally been established.

Abstract use of 'tatsu' meaning to be formed or set.

彼女はクラスでとても目立ちます。

She stands out a lot in class.

Compound verb 'me-datsu' (eye + stand) meaning to be conspicuous.

三日経っても返事がありません。

Even after three days, there is no reply.

Te-form + mo (even if/even after) used with time passing.

お湯が沸いて泡が立っています。

The water is boiling and bubbles are forming.

Natural phenomenon use of 'tatsu'.

彼は駅のホームに立ち尽くした。

He stood still on the station platform (unable to move).

Compound verb 'tachi-zukusu' means to stand for a long time without moving.

この建物は百年前から立っています。

This building has been standing since a hundred years ago.

State of existence for structures.

腹が立つことがあっても、我慢します。

Even if something makes me angry, I will endure it.

Idiom 'hara ga tatsu' (stomach stands) means to get angry.

彼は候補者として立ちました。

He stood as a candidate.

Used for running in an election or taking a role.

そんなことを言われると、顔が立ちません。

If you say that, I won't be able to save face.

Idiom 'kao ga tatsu' refers to social reputation/honor.

砂漠で砂煙が立っているのが見えた。

I could see a cloud of dust rising in the desert.

Describing environmental movement.

彼は指導的な立場に立っています。

He stands in a leadership position.

Metaphorical use for social or professional status.

冬の気配が立ってきました。

A hint of winter has begun to arise.

Used for the onset of seasons or feelings.

彼女は逆境に立たされても諦めなかった。

Even when placed in adversity, she did not give up.

Passive-causative 'tata-sare-ru' (to be made to stand/be placed in).

この計画は現実性に欠け、見通しが立ちません。

This plan lacks reality, and no clear outlook can be established.

Abstract use for 'outlook' or 'forecast'.

彼は波風を立てないように振る舞った。

He behaved so as not to cause any trouble (make waves).

Idiom 'namikaze wo tateru' (to make waves/trouble).

噂が立つのを恐れて、彼は何も言わなかった。

Fearing that rumors would start, he said nothing.

Used for rumors or news spreading.

その古寺は、静寂の中に凛として立っていた。

The old temple stood with dignity amidst the silence.

Literary use with the adverb 'rin to shite' (dignified).

彼の不遜な態度は、周囲の反感を買うに十分立ち勝っていた。

His arrogant attitude was more than enough to provoke the surrounding resentment.

Complex compound verb 'tachi-masaru' (to surpass/excel).

国家の存亡の危機に立って、国民は団結した。

Standing at the crisis of the nation's existence, the people united.

Formal use for critical situations.

彼女の立ち居振る舞いには、気品が漂っている。

There is an air of elegance in her every movement and gesture.

Compound noun 'tachi-i-furumai' (standing, sitting, and behaving).

この説は、論理的な裏付けが乏しく、到底成り立ち得ない。

This theory lacks logical support and cannot possibly hold up.

Compound verb 'nari-tatsu' (to consist of/be viable).

秋風が立ち始め、物悲しい季節がやってきた。

The autumn wind has begun to rise, and the sorrowful season has arrived.

Poetic use for the beginning of natural phenomena.

彼は恩師の顔を立てるために、その依頼を引き受けた。

He accepted the request in order to save his mentor's face.

Idiomatic use of 'kao wo tateru' in a professional/social context.

その沈黙は、耐えがたいほどに際立っていた。

The silence was standing out to an unbearable degree.

Compound verb 'kiwa-datsu' (to be conspicuous/prominent).

万緑の中に紅一点、その花は鮮やかに立ち現れた。

A single red point amidst the vast greenery, the flower appeared vividly.

Literary compound 'tachi-arawareru' (to appear/emerge).

古の英雄がこの地に立ったという伝説が残っている。

A legend remains that an ancient hero once set foot (stood) on this land.

Historical/Legendary context.

身の処し方に迷い、彼は窮地に立ち往生した。

Lost in how to conduct himself, he was at a standstill in a predicament.

Idiom 'tachi-oujou' (to be stalled/at a loss).

筆を立てて、力強い線を引く。

Hold the brush upright and draw a powerful line.

Technical use in arts/calligraphy (using 'tateru' but related to the verticality of 'tatsu').

世の荒波に揉まれながらも、彼は自立の精神を失わなかった。

While being tossed by the rough waves of the world, he did not lose his spirit of independence.

The concept of 'jiritsu' (self-standing/independence).

その発言は、公序良俗に反するものであり、到底許し難い。

That statement goes against public order and morals and is absolutely inexcusable.

While not using 'tatsu' directly, 'koujo' (public order) uses the 'tatsu' radical in 'jo' (order).

一世を風靡した彼も、今や隠遁の身に立っている。

He, who once took the world by storm, now stands in a state of retirement.

Metaphorical state of being.

天に聳え立つ巨木は、数千年の歴史を見守ってきた。

The giant tree towering into the sky has watched over thousands of years of history.

The verb 'sobie-tatsu' used for grand, vertical scale.

자주 쓰는 조합

役に立つ

時間が経つ

台所に立つ

腹が立つ

予定が立つ

波が立つ

噂が立つ

候補に立つ

泡が立つ

目処が立つ

자주 쓰는 구문

立ってください

— Please stand up. A standard polite request.

名前を呼ばれたら立ってください。

立っていられません

— Cannot remain standing. Used for exhaustion or shock.

疲れてもう立っていられません。

立ったまま

— While standing. Doing something without sitting down.

立ったまま本を読みます。

立ち入り禁止

— No entry. Literally 'standing in is forbidden'.

ここは立ち入り禁止です。

お役に立てて

— Being of use. Used in humble expressions of gratitude.

お役に立てて嬉しいです。

日が経つにつれて

— As the days pass. Used for gradual changes.

日が経つにつれて寒くなります。

顔を立てる

— To save face. To act in a way that preserves someone's honor.

上司の顔を立てる。

見通しが立つ

— To have a clear outlook. Used when a project's future becomes clear.

再建の見通しが立った。

波風を立てる

— To cause trouble. Literally 'to make waves and wind'.

彼は波風を立てるのが嫌いだ。

立ち止まる

— To stop walking and stand still.

道で立ち止まって考えた。

자주 혼동되는 단어

立ちます (立つ) vs 建つ (tatsu)

Same pronunciation, but means 'to be built' (for buildings).

立ちます (立つ) vs 裁つ (tatsu)

Same pronunciation, but means 'to cut cloth'.

立ちます (立つ) vs 絶つ (tatsu)

Same pronunciation, but means 'to sever/cut off'.

관용어 및 표현

"腹が立つ"

— To get angry. Literally 'the stomach stands up'.

嘘をつかれて腹が立った。

Informal/Neutral

"役に立つ"

— To be useful. Literally 'to stand in use'.

スマホはとても役に立つ。

Neutral

"顔が立つ"

— To save face/maintain honor.

これで彼の顔が立つ。

Neutral

"瀬戸際に立つ"

— To be on the brink/at a critical moment.

会社は倒産の瀬戸際に立っている。

Formal

"矢面に立つ"

— To be the target of criticism. Literally 'to stand in the path of arrows'.

彼は批判の矢面に立った。

Formal

"目処が立つ"

— To have a prospect of success/completion.

ようやく解決の目処が立った。

Neutral

"波風を立てる"

— To cause a disturbance or trouble.

余計なことを言って波風を立てるな。

Neutral

"立ち往生する"

— To be at a standstill/stuck.

大雪で車が立ち往生した。

Neutral

"角が立つ"

— To be harsh/cause friction in relationships.

そんな言い方をすると角が立つよ。

Neutral

"腕が立つ"

— To be highly skilled. Literally 'the arm stands'.

彼は料理の腕が立つ。

Neutral

혼동하기 쉬운

立ちます (立つ) vs 起きる (okiru)

Both involve moving to a non-lying position.

Okiru is waking up or getting out of bed. Tatsu is specifically the vertical posture on feet.

朝起きてから、鏡の前に立った。

立ちます (立つ) vs 立てる (tateru)

They share the same kanji and root.

Tatsu is intransitive (I stand). Tateru is transitive (I stand something up).

傘を立てる。

立ちます (立つ) vs 過ぎる (sugiru)

Both can mean 'to pass'.

Sugiru is for passing a point or exceeding a limit. Tatsu is specifically for the duration of time passing.

時間が経つのを忘れて、門を過ぎた。

立ちます (立つ) vs 出発する (shuppatsu suru)

Tatsu (発つ) also means to depart.

Shuppatsu is a general noun-verb. Tatsu (発つ) is more literary or used for significant departures.

明日、日本を発ちます。

立ちます (立つ) vs 座る (suwaru)

They are often taught together as opposites.

Direct opposites. One is vertical, one is seated.

立ったり座ったりする。

문장 패턴

[Location] に立ってください。

あそこに立ってください。

[Time] が経ちました。

三時間が経ちました。

[Noun] は役に立ちます。

この辞書は役に立ちます。

[Verb-te] 立ったまま [Verb]。

パンを立ったまま食べました。

[Noun] に腹が立つ。

彼の言葉に腹が立つ。

[Noun] の顔を立てる。

親の顔を立てる。

[Noun] の瀬戸際に立つ。

危機の瀬戸際に立つ。

[Noun] が際立っている。

彼女の美しさが際立っている。

어휘 가족

명사

起立 (kiritsu) - standing up

立場 (tachiba) - standpoint/position

足場 (ashiba) - scaffolding/footing

目処 (medo) - prospect/aim

동사

立てる (tateru) - to stand something up (transitive)

立ち上がる (tachi-agaru) - to rise up

立ち止まる (tachi-domaru) - to stop

成り立つ (nari-tatsu) - to consist of

형용사

目立つ (medatsu) - conspicuous (verb acting as adj)

際立った (kiwadatta) - prominent

사용법

frequency

Extremely high in daily conversation and literature.

자주 하는 실수

Using 'wo' with tatsu. → Use 'ni' or 'ga'.
Tatsu is intransitive. You cannot 'stand' an object using this verb.
Confusing okiru and tatsu. → Okiru = wake/get up from bed; Tatsu = stand up.
If you are sitting in a chair, you 'tatsu', you don't 'okiru'.
Saying 'tachimashou' for 'let's build'. → Tatemashou (建てましょう).
Tatsu is 'to stand', tateru is 'to build'.
Wrong kanji for time. → 経つ (tatsu).
While 立つ is understood, 経つ is the correct kanji for time passing.
Misconjugating the te-form as 'tachite'. → Tatte (たって).
Verbs ending in 'tsu' always change to 'tte' in the te-form.

팁

Intransitive Alert

Never use 'wo' with 'tatsu'. It's always 'ga' (subject) or 'ni/de' (location).

Visual Kanji

The kanji 立 looks like a person with arms out standing on a floor. Use this to remember it.

Being Useful

Memorize 'yaku ni tatsu' as a single unit. It's one of the most useful phrases in Japanese.

The 'Tsu' Sound

Make sure the 'tsu' is short and crisp. Don't let it turn into 'su'.

Time Verb

Always use 'tatsu' for time passing. 'Jikan ga sugiru' is okay, but 'tatsu' is more natural for duration.

Train Etiquette

If you are 'tatte iru' (standing) on a train, try to stand near the doors or hold a strap.

Tachi-agaru

Use 'tachi-agaru' when you want to sound more dynamic about the act of getting up.

Anger Management

'Hara ga tatsu' is the standard way to say you are angry. It's very common in anime and daily life.

Te-form Spelling

In Hiragana, it's たって. Don't forget the small つ (sokuon).

Kitchen Stand

If someone says they 'stand in the kitchen', they are talking about cooking, not just standing there.

암기하기

기억법

Imagine a person standing on a line (the ground). The top part looks like a head and arms, and the bottom is the ground. He is 'tatsu'-ing (standing).

시각적 연상

Visualize a 'T' shape. A person standing straight up like the letter T. T for Tatsu.

Word Web

Physical: Standing Time: Passing Social: Useful Nature: Rising Structure: Building Emotion: Angry Politics: Candidate Movement: Rising up

챌린지

Try to stand up every time you say 'tachimasu' while practicing. Associate the physical movement with the sound of the word.

어원

The word 'tatsu' comes from Old Japanese. The kanji 立 is a pictograph representing a person (大) standing on a horizontal line representing the ground (一).

원래 의미: To be in a vertical position on the earth.

Japonic

문화적 맥락

Be careful when using 'tataseru' (make someone stand) as it can sound like a punishment (like making a student stand in the hall).

In English, we 'stand' a person up (date), but in Japanese, 'tatsu' is never used for dating. We also 'stand' for something (principles), which in Japanese is 'shinnen wo tsuranuku'.

The movie 'Seven Samurai' features many scenes of warriors standing in the rain. The phrase 'Ashita no Joe' (Joe of Tomorrow) involves the protagonist 'standing' back up after a knockdown. The famous 'Hachiko' statue in Shibuya shows a dog 'standing' (or sitting) in wait.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

On a Train

席がなくて立った。
ずっと立っているのは疲れる。
ドアの横に立つ。
お年寄りのために立つ。

In a Classroom

起立！
立って発表する。
後ろに立たされる。
立って挨拶する。

In the Kitchen

台所に立つ。
立ったまま食べる。
料理のために一時間立つ。
母が台所に立っている。

Talking about Time

時間が経つ。
三日経った。
時が経つのは早い。
一週間経っても連絡がない。

Expressing Usefulness

役に立つ。
何かの役に立ちたい。
とても役に立った。
全然役に立たない。

대화 시작하기

"電車で座るのと立つの、どっちが好きですか？ (Do you prefer sitting or standing on the train?)"

"最近、何か役に立つ本を読みましたか？ (Have you read any useful books lately?)"

"一日に何時間くらい台所に立ちますか？ (About how many hours a day do you spend in the kitchen?)"

"時間が経つのが早いと感じる時はいつですか？ (When do you feel that time passes quickly?)"

"人前で立つと緊張しますか？ (Do you get nervous when standing in front of people?)"

일기 주제

今日、誰かの役に立つことをしましたか？ (Did you do something useful for someone today?)

満員電車で立っていた時の気持ちを書いてください。 (Write about how you felt standing in a crowded train.)

子供の頃、先生に立たされたことがありますか？ (Did you ever get made to stand by a teacher as a child?)

日本に来てから、どれくらいの時間が経ちましたか？ (How much time has passed since you came to Japan?)

自分の「立場」について考えてみてください。 (Think about your own 'standpoint' or position in society.)

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

They are pronounced the same (tatsu), but 立つ is for physical standing, while 経つ is for the passage of time. In casual writing, 立つ is sometimes used for both, but using 経つ for time is more correct.

No. In Japanese, 'to stand someone up' is 'machiboke wo kurawaseru' (to make someone wait in vain). 'Tatsu' is strictly physical or idiomatic in other ways.

You should use the te-iru form: 'Tatte imasu'. Using just 'tachimasu' sounds like 'I will stand up' (future intent).

It is neutral and very common. In very formal business writing, you might use 'yakudatsu' or 'kouken suru' (to contribute).

Use 'ni' for a specific spot (isu no tonari ni tatsu) and 'de' for a general area (kouen de tatsu).

It is a Godan verb, so 'tsu' changes to 'ta' + 'nai': 'Tatanai'.

It literally means 'the stomach stands up'. It's an old idiom based on the idea that emotions reside in the belly.

Yes, 'tatte iru' describes a building standing in a location. However, '建つ' (same pronunciation) is the specific kanji for buildings.

立つ can be a state (standing) or an action. 立ち上がる is only the action of rising from a seat.

Use the verb 'medatsu' (目立つ), which is a combination of 'eye' and 'stand'.

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