§ What 'Mondeling' Means
The Dutch word 'mondeling' (pronounced: MON-duh-ling) is an adjective you'll encounter quite a bit as you progress in your Dutch studies. It's classified as B1 on the CEFR scale, which means it's a useful word for everyday conversations and understanding intermediate texts. Simply put, 'mondeling' refers to something that is spoken, verbal, or oral, as opposed to something written. Think of it as the opposite of 'schriftelijk' (written).
§ When to Use 'Mondeling'
You'll typically use 'mondeling' in contexts where you need to specify that communication, an examination, or an agreement is happening through speech rather than in writing. It helps to clarify the mode of interaction. For example, if you're talking about an exam, saying 'mondeling examen' immediately tells you it's an oral exam.
- Definition
- Spoken rather than written.
Let's look at some common situations where 'mondeling' is used:
- Exams: Many educational institutions, especially at higher levels, have 'mondelinge examens' (oral exams) where you discuss a topic or answer questions verbally.
- Agreements: While written agreements are generally preferred for legal reasons, 'mondelinge afspraken' (verbal agreements) are still common in informal settings or as a precursor to a written contract.
- Communication: When differentiating between spoken and written communication, you'd use 'mondelinge communicatie' (oral communication) or 'mondelinge overdracht' (oral transfer/handover).
- Reports/Presentations: A 'mondeling verslag' is an oral report, often given in a meeting or presentation setting.
- Instructions: Sometimes you get 'mondelinge instructies' (oral instructions) instead of written ones.
It's important to understand the nuance. 'Mondeling' isn't just about saying words; it's about the act of conveying information or performing a task using spoken language as the primary medium.
§ Examples in Context
Het was een mondeling examen, geen schriftelijk examen.
Translation hint: It was an oral exam, not a written exam.
We hebben een mondelinge afspraak gemaakt.
Translation hint: We made a verbal agreement.
De docent gaf mondelinge instructies.
Translation hint: The teacher gave oral instructions.
De president zal een mondeling verslag uitbrengen.
Translation hint: The president will present an oral report.
As you can see, 'mondeling' acts like any other adjective, modifying nouns. Pay attention to the ending, as it will change based on the noun it describes (e.g., 'mondeling' for 'het' words like 'examen', 'mondelinge' for 'de' words like 'afspraak' or plural nouns).
자주 혼동되는 단어
The direct opposite: written.
Refers to voice/singing, not mode of communication.
More often medical/anatomical or for medication, less common for general 'spoken'.
혼동하기 쉬운
This word can be confusing because it looks like it might mean 'mouth-related' or 'oral' in a general sense, but its primary meaning in Dutch, especially in an academic or professional context, refers to something being spoken rather than written.
While 'oral' can sometimes be a synonym, 'mondeling' specifically emphasizes the spoken aspect as opposed to the written. For example, an 'mondeling examen' is an oral exam, not just an exam where you use your mouth.
De leraar gaf ons een mondeling examen over de geschiedenis van Nederland. (The teacher gave us an oral exam about the history of the Netherlands.)
This is often confused with 'mondeling' because they are direct opposites. Learners might mix them up when trying to distinguish between spoken and written forms.
'Schriftelijk' means written, as opposed to 'mondeling' which means spoken.
U moet uw klacht schriftelijk indienen. (You must submit your complaint in writing.)
English speakers might think 'vocaal' (vocal) is a direct synonym for 'mondeling' due to the shared root and meaning of 'voice'. However, 'vocaal' in Dutch is more often used for sounds or singing, rather than the mode of communication (spoken vs. written).
'Vocaal' refers to the voice or singing, while 'mondeling' refers to the act of speaking as a form of communication.
Zij heeft een prachtige vocale prestatie geleverd. (She delivered a beautiful vocal performance.)
This word directly translates to 'oral' in English, which can be synonymous with 'mondeling' in certain contexts. However, 'oraal' is often used in a more medical or anatomical sense, or for medication taken by mouth, and less frequently for 'spoken communication' compared to 'mondeling'.
While 'oraal' can mean 'by mouth', 'mondeling' specifically means 'spoken' in contrast to 'written'. 'Mondeling' is the more common and natural choice for describing spoken communication.
De arts schreef orale medicatie voor. (The doctor prescribed oral medication.)
This word means 'pronounced' or 'distinct' and can sometimes be used in the context of how words are spoken. Learners might confuse it with 'mondeling' when thinking about the act of speaking.
'Uitgesproken' describes the quality of something being clear or distinct, or how something is pronounced. 'Mondeling' describes the form of communication (spoken vs. written).
Hij heeft een zeer uitgesproken mening over politiek. (He has a very pronounced opinion about politics.)
셀프 테스트 12 질문
The teacher gives oral instructions.
Have you prepared the oral presentation?
She had an oral French exam.
Read this aloud:
Ik heb een mondeling examen morgen.
Focus: mondeling
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
De mondelinge instructies waren duidelijk.
Focus: instructies
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
Zij geeft mondelinge feedback.
Focus: feedback
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
This sentence describes how the spoken transmission of knowledge is an age-old tradition.
This sentence talks about someone giving a spoken presentation about their research results.
This sentence explains that the policy was communicated verbally to all employees.
/ 12 correct
Perfect score!
관련 콘텐츠
education 관련 단어
antwoord
A1Answer
begrijpen
A1To understand the meaning of something
behalen
B1To succeed in achieving a goal
beheersing
B1Control over oneself or a skill
beschrijven
A2To give a detailed account of something.
bladzijde
B1A page of a book.
boek
A1Book
cijfer
A2A symbol for a number or a grade.
curriculum
B2the subjects comprising a course of study
cursus
B1A series of lessons.
