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A2 adjective 11분 분량

gourmet

예시
설명 gourmet in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners are just beginning to understand basic Portuguese vocabulary, primarily focusing on everyday items, simple greetings, and common food words. The word 'gourmet' is highly accessible for A1 learners because it looks exactly the same as it does in English and French, making it a true cognate. When you see 'gourmet' on a menu or in a supermarket in Brazil or Portugal, you can immediately guess that it refers to something related to food, usually of higher quality or with a special flavor. Your main goal at this level is simply recognition. You should know that 'café gourmet' means special coffee, and 'hambúrguer gourmet' means a fancy hamburger. You do not need to worry about complex grammar rules yet, but you should remember one key difference: in Portuguese, the describing word (adjective) comes after the thing it describes (noun). So, instead of saying 'gourmet chocolate', you say 'chocolate gourmet'. Practice saying the word with a Portuguese accent: ignore the 't' at the end and make the 'r' sound from your throat, so it sounds like 'goor-MEH'. This will help you sound more natural when ordering food or talking about your favorite snacks. Don't worry about plural forms or gender agreements right now; just focus on spotting the word in the real world and knowing that it means 'fancy food'. By combining 'gourmet' with basic food words you already know, like 'pizza', 'pão' (bread), or 'queijo' (cheese), you can instantly expand your ability to describe what you want to eat. It is a very useful 'bridge' word that connects your English knowledge to your new Portuguese environment, making your first experiences in a Portuguese-speaking country much easier and more enjoyable.
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At the A2 level, you are building on your basic vocabulary and starting to form simple, complete sentences. You can describe things, express preferences, and handle everyday situations like ordering in a restaurant. The word 'gourmet' becomes very useful here because it allows you to be more specific about what you want. You are no longer just asking for 'um café' (a coffee); you can ask for 'um café gourmet' (a gourmet coffee). At this stage, you need to understand two important grammar rules regarding this word. First, 'gourmet' is invariable in gender. This means it stays exactly the same whether the noun is masculine (o prato gourmet) or feminine (a salada gourmet). You don't need to add an 'a' or an 'o' to the end. Second, you must learn to pluralize it. Unlike in English, Portuguese adjectives must become plural if the noun is plural. To make 'gourmet' plural, you simply add an 's'. So, one fancy hamburger is 'um hambúrguer gourmet', but two fancy hamburgers are 'dois hambúrgueres gourmets'. Practice using 'gourmet' in simple sentences expressing your likes and dislikes. For example, 'Eu gosto de pizza gourmet' (I like gourmet pizza) or 'Este restaurante é muito gourmet' (This restaurant is very gourmet). You will also start noticing the word in advertisements and on store signs. It is a great tool for describing food that is a little more expensive or special than usual. Remember to keep practicing the pronunciation (goor-MEH) so that waitstaff and shopkeepers understand you clearly. Using 'gourmet' correctly at the A2 level shows that you are paying attention to adjective placement and basic pluralization rules, which are essential foundations for fluency.
As a B1 learner, you are entering the intermediate stage where you can maintain conversations, express opinions, and describe experiences in more detail. Your use of the word 'gourmet' should expand beyond simply ordering food to discussing culinary trends and comparing different options. You can use 'gourmet' to talk about your weekend plans, such as 'Vamos a um festival de comida gourmet' (We are going to a gourmet food festival) or to describe a memorable meal: 'A sobremesa era incrivelmente gourmet' (The dessert was incredibly gourmet). At this level, you should also be aware of the cultural context of the word in Portuguese-speaking countries, particularly in Brazil. 'Gourmet' is not just a description of quality; it is a massive marketing trend. You will see everyday items rebranded as 'gourmet' to justify a higher price. You can start using the word to express mild skepticism or to describe this phenomenon. For example, you might say, 'Eles cobram muito caro porque dizem que é gourmet' (They charge a lot because they say it is gourmet). You should also be comfortable using synonyms to avoid repeating 'gourmet' too often. Start incorporating words like 'artesanal' (artisanal) for handmade items, or 'sofisticado' (sophisticated) for elegant meals. Grammatically, you should naturally place 'gourmet' after the noun and automatically add the 's' for plural nouns without thinking too much about it. You can also start using it as a noun to describe a person: 'Ele é um gourmet, adora vinhos caros' (He is a gourmet, he loves expensive wines). By B1, 'gourmet' is a fully integrated part of your active vocabulary, used not just for identification, but for conversation and description.
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At the B2 level, you are an upper-intermediate learner capable of understanding complex texts and engaging in fluent, spontaneous conversations with native speakers. Your relationship with the word 'gourmet' shifts from literal usage to understanding its sociolinguistic and cultural implications. You are now equipped to discuss the phenomenon of 'gourmetização'—a uniquely Brazilian Portuguese derivative that refers to the process of making simple, traditional foods unnecessarily fancy and expensive. You can use this term in debates or discussions about gentrification, consumerism, and food culture. For example, you might argue, 'A gourmetização do pastel de feira tirou a autenticidade do prato' (The gourmetization of the street market pastel took away the dish's authenticity). You can also use the verb form 'gourmetizar': 'Eles tentaram gourmetizar a feijoada, mas eu prefiro a tradicional' (They tried to gourmetize the feijoada, but I prefer the traditional one). At this level, you understand the ironic and sometimes pejorative undertones the word can carry. When a native speaker rolls their eyes and calls something 'muito gourmet', you know they are implying it is pretentious or overpriced, not necessarily delicious. You should be able to write reviews of restaurants using 'gourmet' appropriately alongside a rich vocabulary of culinary terms like 'requintado' (exquisite), 'paladar' (palate), and 'harmonização' (pairing). Your pronunciation should be flawless, seamlessly integrating the French loanword into the phonetics of Portuguese. You are no longer just describing food; you are using 'gourmet' as a lens to analyze modern Portuguese and Brazilian lifestyle trends, demonstrating a deep cultural awareness that goes beyond textbook grammar.
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As a C1 advanced learner, your command of Portuguese allows you to express yourself fluently, flexibly, and with precision in almost any social, academic, or professional context. Your use of 'gourmet' and its derivatives ('gourmetização', 'gourmetizar') is highly nuanced. You understand that the word serves as a critical marker of socioeconomic shifts in modern Brazilian and Portuguese societies. You can engage in complex sociological discussions about how the 'gourmet' label is used as a tool for class distinction and economic exclusion. You might write an essay or give a presentation analyzing the impact of 'gourmetização' on urban food deserts or traditional culinary heritage, using sentences like, 'O rótulo gourmet frequentemente atua como um mecanismo de exclusão socioeconômica, alienando as classes trabalhadoras de suas próprias tradições culinárias' (The gourmet label frequently acts as a mechanism of socioeconomic exclusion, alienating the working classes from their own culinary traditions). You are adept at using the word ironically, sarcastically, or literally, depending entirely on the context and your intonation. You can seamlessly switch between 'gourmet' and higher-register Portuguese equivalents like 'alta gastronomia' (haute cuisine) or 'epicurista' (epicurean) when the situation demands a more academic or literary tone. Furthermore, you recognize how the term has bled into other industries—such as real estate with the 'varanda gourmet'—and can discuss what this reveals about contemporary lifestyle aspirations. At C1, 'gourmet' is not just a vocabulary word; it is a versatile linguistic tool that you manipulate to critique, describe, and analyze the cultural zeitgeist of the Lusophone world.
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At the C2 mastery level, your proficiency in Portuguese is near-native. You grasp the finest shades of meaning, idiomatic expressions, and cultural nuances. Your engagement with the term 'gourmet' is analytical and deeply sociolinguistic. You recognize the lifecycle of the loanword: its initial introduction as a marker of elite French gastronomy, its semantic broadening to denote any premium product, its peak as a ubiquitous marketing buzzword, and its current phase where it often invites satire and cultural fatigue. You can effortlessly deconstruct texts—be they academic papers, satirical chronicles, or high-end culinary critiques—that utilize 'gourmet' and its derivatives. You might pen a sophisticated critique using phrasing such as, 'A exaustão semântica do termo gourmet reflete uma crise na autenticidade gastronômica contemporânea, onde a estética invariavelmente suplanta a substância' (The semantic exhaustion of the term gourmet reflects a crisis in contemporary gastronomic authenticity, where aesthetics invariably supplant substance). You are fully aware of the morphological productivity of the word in Brazilian Portuguese, creating spontaneous neologisms if necessary for rhetorical effect. You understand regional variations in its reception and the subtle class-based humor associated with it (e.g., the 'raio gourmetizador' meme). Your usage is impeccable, your pronunciation adapts to the specific regional accent you are emulating, and you instinctively know when the word is strictly necessary and when a purer Portuguese alternative like 'primoroso' or 'seleto' would elevate your discourse. At this ultimate level, your use of 'gourmet' reflects a profound, critical, and native-like immersion in the language and its evolving culture.
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예시

Ele comprou um hambúrguer gourmet.

The word gourmet in Portuguese is a direct borrowing from French, and it has become incredibly prevalent in everyday language, especially in Brazil and Portugal. Originally, the term was used strictly to describe high-quality, sophisticated culinary practices, fine dining, or a person with a refined palate. However, over the past decade, its usage has exploded and evolved significantly. Today, when people use the word gourmet in Portuguese, they are often referring to any food item, beverage, or even experience that has been elevated, modified, or presented in a more premium, artisanal, or aesthetically pleasing way compared to its traditional counterpart. This linguistic and cultural phenomenon is so widespread that it has given birth to derivative words like gourmetização, which refers to the process of making everyday items unnecessarily fancy and expensive.
Literal Meaning
Relating to fine food, high-quality ingredients, or sophisticated cooking techniques.
You will hear this word used by chefs, restaurant owners, food bloggers, and everyday consumers. It is used as an adjective and is placed after the noun it modifies, following the standard Portuguese grammatical rule for descriptive adjectives. For example, instead of saying gourmet coffee, you say café gourmet. The word is invariable in gender, meaning it does not change whether the noun is masculine or feminine. You can say o prato gourmet (masculine) and a salada gourmet (feminine).

A padaria agora vende pão gourmet.

The cultural impact of this word cannot be understated. It represents a shift in consumer behavior where presentation and the origin of ingredients are highly valued. However, it is also frequently used with a touch of irony or sarcasm. When a simple, traditional street food like a hot dog (cachorro-quente) is suddenly sold with imported cheese and truffle oil for five times the normal price, locals might roll their eyes and call it a cachorro-quente gourmet.
Cultural Context
The term has sparked debates about culinary gentrification, where affordable, traditional foods become inaccessible to the working class due to premium rebranding.

Eles abriram uma loja de brigadeiros gourmet.

Esta é uma experiência gourmet inesquecível.

Everyday Usage
You will see this word plastered across supermarket aisles, from gourmet popcorn to gourmet pet food, indicating an attempt to market the product as superior.

O chef preparou um jantar gourmet para os convidados.

In summary, while the core meaning remains tied to gastronomy and high standards, the practical application of gourmet in Portuguese is a fascinating case study of how language adapts to marketing trends and societal shifts. It is an essential word for any Portuguese learner to know, not just to order food, but to understand the modern cultural landscape of Portuguese-speaking countries.

Nós fomos a um restaurante gourmet no centro.

Using the word gourmet in Portuguese sentences is relatively straightforward, but it requires an understanding of adjective placement and agreement. In Portuguese, adjectives typically follow the noun they modify. Therefore, you will almost always see gourmet placed directly after the noun.
Adjective Placement
Always place gourmet after the noun. For example, say 'café gourmet' instead of 'gourmet café'.

Ela faz doces gourmets para vender.

One of the most important grammatical rules to remember is that gourmet is invariable in gender. This means you do not need to change the ending to -a for feminine nouns or -o for masculine nouns. It remains gourmet whether you are talking about a masculine item like o queijo (the cheese) or a feminine item like a pizza (the pizza). You would say o queijo gourmet and a pizza gourmet.

O mercado vende produtos gourmets importados.

It is also common to use gourmet as a noun to describe a person who is a connoisseur of good food. In this case, you would use the appropriate article before the word. For example, Ele é um verdadeiro gourmet (He is a true gourmet).
Noun Usage
When used as a noun, it refers to a person with refined tastes. 'Os gourmets aprovaram o prato.'

Eu adoro cozinhar pratos gourmets nos finais de semana.

Another interesting way to use this concept in sentences is through the related verb gourmetizar or the noun gourmetização. These are uniquely Portuguese adaptations. If you want to say that someone made a simple dish too fancy, you could say Ele gourmetizou o prato.

A festa terá um buffet gourmet.

Comparative Sentences
You can use it in comparisons: 'Este café é mais gourmet do que o outro.' (This coffee is more gourmet than the other.)
Mastering the use of gourmet in sentences will greatly enhance your ability to navigate menus, discuss food preferences, and engage in casual conversations about culinary trends with native Portuguese speakers. It is a versatile word that bridges the gap between basic food vocabulary and advanced cultural expression.

O cardápio tem uma seção de sanduíches gourmets.

You will hear and see the word gourmet virtually everywhere in modern Portuguese-speaking environments, particularly in urban areas like São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Lisbon, and Porto. The most obvious place is in the culinary world. When you walk into a restaurant, cafe, or bakery, the menu will frequently feature items labeled as gourmet to indicate a higher quality or a unique twist on a classic recipe.
Supermarkets
Supermarkets often have a dedicated 'espaço gourmet' (gourmet space) where they sell imported cheeses, fine wines, and artisanal pastas.

Eles compraram os ingredientes no empório gourmet.

Food trucks and street food vendors are another massive domain for this word. In Brazil, traditional street foods like the pastel (a deep-fried pastry) or the churro have undergone a transformation. Vendors now proudly advertise pastel gourmet filled with brie and apricot, or churros gourmets topped with Nutella and Belgian chocolate.

A varanda gourmet do apartamento é enorme.

Interestingly, the word has escaped the kitchen and entered real estate. A very common feature in modern Brazilian apartments is the varanda gourmet (gourmet balcony). This is a large balcony equipped with a barbecue grill, a sink, and space for entertaining guests. Real estate agents use this term constantly to sell properties.
Real Estate
The term 'varanda gourmet' is a major selling point in Brazilian real estate, denoting a premium lifestyle and entertainment space.

Ele assiste a muitos programas de culinária gourmet.

Television shows, particularly reality cooking competitions like MasterChef, frequently use the word to describe the standard of cooking expected from contestants. Judges will criticize a dish for not being gourmet enough.

Vou preparar um cachorro-quente gourmet hoje.

Casual Conversations
Friends might jokingly call a nicely plated homemade meal 'gourmet' to compliment the chef's effort.
In conclusion, whether you are browsing a menu, looking at apartment listings, or watching television, the word gourmet is a staple of contemporary Portuguese vocabulary. Recognizing its various contexts will help you navigate daily life and understand the cultural nuances of the Portuguese-speaking world.

Eles pediram duas pizzas gourmets.

When English speakers learn to use the word gourmet in Portuguese, several common mistakes tend to occur, primarily revolving around pronunciation, pluralization, and syntactic placement. The most frequent error is pronunciation. Because the word looks identical in English and Portuguese, English speakers often default to the English pronunciation (goor-MAY). However, in Portuguese, the 'r' is guttural (like an 'h' in English), and the final 't' is completely silent. The correct pronunciation is closer to goor-MEH.
Pronunciation Error
Avoid pronouncing the 't' at the end. It is silent. Focus on the 'meh' sound at the end.

Os ingredientes gourmets são mais caros.

Another significant mistake is forgetting to pluralize the word. In English, adjectives do not change form when the noun is plural (e.g., gourmet apples). In Portuguese, adjectives must agree in number with the noun they describe. Therefore, if the noun is plural, gourmet must become gourmets. For example, saying hambúrgueres gourmet is grammatically incorrect; it should be hambúrgueres gourmets.

Eu quero um café gourmet, por favor.

Placement is also a hurdle. English speakers are used to placing adjectives before the noun (gourmet coffee). In Portuguese, the adjective almost always follows the noun (café gourmet). Saying gourmet café sounds very unnatural and immediately marks you as a non-native speaker.
Word Order
Noun first, then adjective. 'Chocolate gourmet', not 'gourmet chocolate'.

A comida aqui é muito gourmet.

A cultural mistake is overusing the word or using it to describe something that is genuinely traditional and rustic. Calling a simple, hearty feijoada (Brazilian black bean stew) gourmet might be seen as insulting to its authentic, home-cooked roots, unless it has been specifically modified by a high-end chef.

Eles vendem pipoca gourmet no cinema.

Gender Agreement
Remember that gourmet does not change for masculine or feminine. Do not invent words like 'gourmeta'.
By being mindful of pronunciation, remembering to pluralize, placing the word correctly after the noun, and understanding the cultural context, you can avoid these common pitfalls and use gourmet like a native speaker.

Prefiro pão artesanal ao invés do industrializado.

While gourmet is highly popular, there are many situations where you might want to use a different word to convey a similar meaning, either to add variety to your vocabulary or to be more precise. One of the most common alternatives is artesanal (artisanal). This word emphasizes that a product was made by hand, using traditional methods, rather than being mass-produced. For example, a cerveja artesanal (craft beer) is often preferred over a cerveja gourmet because it highlights the craftsmanship.
Artesanal vs Gourmet
'Artesanal' focuses on the handmade, traditional process, while 'gourmet' focuses on sophistication and premium ingredients.

Este azeite é de alta qualidade.

Another excellent alternative is premium. Like gourmet, premium is an English loanword widely used in Portuguese to denote superior quality, often related to pricing and marketing. You will see carne premium (premium meat) or serviço premium (premium service). It is slightly more corporate and less inherently culinary than gourmet.

O restaurante oferece pratos muito sofisticados.

If you want to use a pure Portuguese word, sofisticado (sophisticated) is a great choice. It describes something elegant, refined, and complex. Um jantar sofisticado (a sophisticated dinner) carries a similar weight to um jantar gourmet but sounds slightly more formal and less trendy.
Sofisticado
A formal alternative that describes elegance and refinement without the trendy, commercial baggage of 'gourmet'.

Gosto de comida caseira, feita com amor.

Conversely, if you want to express the opposite of gourmet, you might use caseiro (homemade). Comida caseira refers to simple, comforting, home-cooked food. This is often positioned as the antithesis of gourmet food, which can sometimes be seen as pretentious or overly complicated.

Eles serviram pratos requintados na festa.

Requintado
Another excellent pure Portuguese synonym meaning exquisite or refined, often used in literature or highly formal reviews.
By expanding your vocabulary to include artesanal, premium, sofisticado, caseiro, and requintado, you will be able to describe food and experiences with much greater nuance and accuracy, tailoring your language to the specific context and tone of the conversation.
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수준별 예문

1

Eu gosto de café gourmet.

I like gourmet coffee.

Adjective 'gourmet' comes after the noun 'café'.

2

A pizza é gourmet.

The pizza is gourmet.

'Gourmet' is invariable; it doesn't change for the feminine noun 'pizza'.

3

Ele come pão gourmet.

He eats gourmet bread.

Simple subject-verb-object sentence with the adjective at the end.

4

O restaurante é gourmet.

The restaurant is gourmet.

Using 'gourmet' as a predicative adjective after the verb 'ser'.

5

Ela compra chocolate gourmet.

She buys gourmet chocolate.

Basic vocabulary combination: comprar + chocolate + gourmet.

6

O bolo gourmet é bom.

The gourmet cake is good.

Adjective placement before the verb 'é'.

7

Nós bebemos chá gourmet.

We drink gourmet tea.

First-person plural conjugation of 'beber'.

8

Isto é um queijo gourmet.

This is a gourmet cheese.

Using the demonstrative pronoun 'isto'.

1

Eles vendem hambúrgueres gourmets aqui.

They sell gourmet hamburgers here.

Pluralization: 'hambúrgueres' requires 'gourmets' with an 's'.

2

Você prefere comida normal ou gourmet?

Do you prefer normal or gourmet food?

Asking a question using 'ou' (or) to compare adjectives.

3

A padaria tem doces gourmets muito caros.

The bakery has very expensive gourmet sweets.

Multiple adjectives: 'gourmets' and 'caros' both agree with 'doces'.

4

Eu quero uma salada gourmet para o almoço.

I want a gourmet salad for lunch.

Expressing a desire using 'querer'.

5

O mercado gourmet fica perto da minha casa.

The gourmet market is near my house.

Using 'ficar' for location.

6

Nós fomos a um festival de comida gourmet.

We went to a gourmet food festival.

Past tense of 'ir' (fomos).

7

Este azeite gourmet é de Portugal.

This gourmet olive oil is from Portugal.

Using 'de' to show origin.

8

Ela não gosta de pratos gourmets.

She doesn't like gourmet dishes.

Negative sentence with the verb 'gostar de'.

1

A gourmetização da comida de rua aumentou muito os preços.

The gourmetization of street food increased prices a lot.

Using the derivative noun 'gourmetização'.

2

Eles tentaram gourmetizar a receita tradicional da avó.

They tried to gourmetize grandmother's traditional recipe.

Using the verb 'gourmetizar' in the infinitive after 'tentaram'.

3

O apartamento novo tem uma varanda gourmet enorme com churrasqueira.

The new apartment has a huge gourmet balcony with a BBQ grill.

Real estate vocabulary context.

4

Embora seja caro, o jantar gourmet valeu cada centavo.

Although it is expensive, the gourmet dinner was worth every penny.

Using the conjunction 'embora' with the subjunctive 'seja'.

5

Muitos chefs criticam a moda dos ingredientes gourmets desnecessários.

Many chefs criticize the trend of unnecessary gourmet ingredients.

Complex sentence structure with multiple adjectives.

6

Ele se considera um verdadeiro gourmet e só bebe vinhos importados.

He considers himself a true gourmet and only drinks imported wines.

Using 'gourmet' as a noun to describe a person.

7

A pipoca gourmet fez muito sucesso na festa de aniversário.

The gourmet popcorn was a big hit at the birthday party.

Idiomatic expression 'fazer sucesso' (to be a hit).

8

Não precisamos de um cardápio gourmet para ter uma boa refeição.

We don't need a gourmet menu to have a good meal.

Using 'precisar de' in the negative.

1

A febre do hambúrguer gourmet transformou o cenário gastronômico da cidade.

The gourmet burger fever transformed the city's gastronomic scene.

Using metaphorical language ('febre') with specific vocabulary.

2

Muitas vezes, o rótulo gourmet é apenas uma estratégia de marketing para inflacionar o preço.

Often, the gourmet label is just a marketing strategy to inflate the price.

Expressing critical opinions and abstract concepts.

3

Se eles tivessem usado ingredientes mais frescos, o prato não precisaria de um molho gourmet para disfarçar o sabor.

If they had used fresher ingredients, the dish wouldn't need a gourmet sauce to disguise the flavor.

Using the past perfect subjunctive and conditional.

4

O conceito de varanda gourmet tornou-se um padrão nos lançamentos imobiliários de alto padrão.

The concept of the gourmet balcony has become a standard in high-end real estate launches.

Advanced vocabulary related to real estate ('lançamentos imobiliários').

5

É irônico como pratos camponeses foram gourmetizados e agora são inacessíveis para a classe trabalhadora.

It's ironic how peasant dishes have been gourmetized and are now inaccessible to the working class.

Using the passive voice ('foram gourmetizados').

6

A degustação incluiu uma seleção de queijos artesanais que superaram qualquer produto gourmet industrializado.

The tasting included a selection of artisanal cheeses that surpassed any industrialized gourmet product.

Comparing concepts ('artesanais' vs 'gourmet industrializado').

7

Ele argumentou que a verdadeira alta gastronomia não precisa ostentar a palavra gourmet no cardápio.

He argued that true haute cuisine doesn't need to flaunt the word gourmet on the menu.

Reported speech and advanced verbs ('ostentar').

8

Apesar da proliferação de padarias gourmets, a padaria do bairro continua sendo a minha favorita.

Despite the proliferation of gourmet bakeries, the neighborhood bakery remains my favorite.

Using 'Apesar da' for contrast.

1

A apropriação do termo gourmet pelo mercado de massas resultou em um esvaziamento semântico da palavra.

The appropriation of the term gourmet by the mass market resulted in a semantic emptying of the word.

Academic/sociolinguistic vocabulary ('esvaziamento semântico').

2

O crítico gastronômico desdenhou do restaurante, classificando sua tentativa de cozinha de vanguarda como um mero pastiche gourmet.

The food critic sneered at the restaurant, classifying its attempt at avant-garde cuisine as a mere gourmet pastiche.

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