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A2 adjective 15분 분량

literário

예시
설명 literário in your Level:
At the A1 level, you should recognize 'literário' as a word that looks like 'literary' in English. It is an adjective used to describe things related to books. You will mostly see it in simple phrases like 'um livro literário' (a literary book) or 'um prêmio literário' (a literary prize). The most important thing for you to remember is that it changes depending on the word it describes. If the word is masculine like 'o prêmio', use 'literário'. If the word is feminine like 'a obra', use 'literária'. You don't need to use it in complex ways yet, just understand that it connects something to the world of stories and writing. Think of it as a label for things you find in a library or bookstore. You might see it on signs or in simple book titles. It's a 'cognate,' which means it's a friend to English speakers because it sounds so similar to the English word. This makes it one of the easier adjectives to learn early on. Just focus on the '-o' and '-a' endings and you will be doing great! Practice saying it out loud: li-te-rá-rio. The stress is on the 'rá' part. Try to spot it when you look at Portuguese websites about books or culture.
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'literário' to describe your interests and the world around you. You might say 'Eu gosto de eventos literários' (I like literary events) or 'Ela estuda gêneros literários' (She studies literary genres). You should be comfortable with the four forms: literário, literária, literários, and literárias. This is the stage where you begin to distinguish between different types of writing. You know that a 'texto literário' is different from a 'texto técnico' (technical text). You might use it to talk about a 'café literário' you visited or a 'concurso literário' (literary contest) you heard about. It's also a good time to learn common pairings, like 'crítica literária' (literary criticism). You are starting to see how literature is a big part of Portuguese-speaking cultures. For example, you might read a short biography of a famous author and see the word used to describe their 'carreira literária' (literary career). Remember to place the adjective after the noun. Instead of 'literary circle', say 'círculo literário'. This simple switch in word order is a hallmark of moving from A1 to A2. You are not just recognizing words anymore; you are building correct, natural-sounding phrases.
At the B1 level, you are expected to use 'literário' in more descriptive and analytical ways. You can discuss the 'estilo literário' (literary style) of an author or the 'valor literário' (literary value) of a book. You might be participating in discussions where you have to explain why a certain work is considered 'literário'—perhaps focusing on its use of metaphors or its complex structure. You will encounter the word in more varied contexts, such as 'suplemento literário' in newspapers or 'patrimônio literário' (literary heritage) when discussing history. You should also be aware of related words like 'literato' or the adverb 'literariamente', even if you don't use them as often. At this level, you can contrast 'literário' with other adjectives like 'jornalístico' or 'acadêmico' to describe different writing tones. You might say, 'O livro tem um tom muito literário, apesar de ser baseado em fatos reais' (The book has a very literary tone, despite being based on real facts). This shows you understand the nuance of style beyond just the subject matter. You are also more likely to encounter the word in the context of 'movimentos literários' (literary movements) like Romanticism or Realism, which are essential for understanding Portuguese and Brazilian cultural history.
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At the B2 level, 'literário' becomes a tool for deeper cultural and intellectual engagement. You can use it to discuss 'teoria literária' (literary theory) or 'crítica literária' (literary criticism) with more confidence. You understand the implications of calling something a 'cânone literário' (literary canon) and can debate which authors should be included. You will see the word used in sophisticated essays and academic articles. For example, you might read about the 'espaço literário' (literary space) or the 'discurso literário' (literary discourse). You are now able to use the word to describe abstract concepts, such as the 'projeto literário' of an author—meaning their overall goals and themes throughout their career. You can also handle more complex grammatical structures involving the word, such as 'Embora o texto não seja estritamente literário, ele possui uma qualidade estética inegável' (Although the text is not strictly literary, it possesses an undeniable aesthetic quality). At this level, you are expected to understand the historical and social weight the word carries in Portuguese-speaking countries, where literature has often been a tool for social change and national identity building. You can discuss how a 'manifesto literário' influenced a generation of writers.
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At the C1 level, your use of 'literário' should be nuanced and precise. You can distinguish between the 'caráter literário' (literary character) of a text and its 'função social' (social function). You might use the word in the context of 'intertextualidade literária' (literary intertextuality) to describe how different works communicate with each other. You are comfortable using it in high-level academic writing or professional literary translation. You understand the subtle difference between 'literário' and 'literatice' (a somewhat pejorative term for overly flowery or pretentious writing). You can analyze how a 'linguagem literária' (literary language) deviates from standard speech to create meaning. You might discuss the 'campo literário' (the literary field), a concept from sociology that describes the network of authors, publishers, and critics. Your vocabulary around this word is extensive, including terms like 'historiografia literária' or 'estética literária'. You can express complex ideas such as 'A autonomia do fenômeno literário' (The autonomy of the literary phenomenon). At this stage, the word is not just an adjective but a gateway to a vast field of humanistic knowledge that you can navigate with ease and sophistication, reflecting a deep immersion in the Portuguese language and its cultural products.
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At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'literário' and all its connotations, both historical and contemporary. You can use it to engage in the highest level of literary criticism, discussing the 'ontologia do ser literário' (the ontology of the literary being) or the 'epistemologia literária' (literary epistemology). You understand how the meaning of 'literário' has evolved from the 18th century to the present day. You can detect and use the word in ironic, satirical, or highly specialized contexts. For instance, you might critique a work for its 'excesso de zelo literário' (excess of literary zeal) or praise a minimalist piece for its 'despojamento literário' (literary stripping down/simplicity). You are familiar with the most obscure uses, such as 'geografia literária' or 'sociologia literária'. You can write professional-level reviews, academic theses, or even creative works where the concept of 'o literário' is explored philosophically. You understand the word's role in the 'construção da identidade lusófona' (construction of Lusophone identity). Your command is such that you can play with the word, using it to create metaphors or to challenge traditional definitions of what constitutes literature. You are not just a user of the language; you are a participant in its ongoing literary tradition, capable of contributing to the discourse surrounding the word itself.
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예시

The Portuguese word literário is an adjective that functions as a direct bridge to the world of written art. At its core, it describes anything pertaining to literature, whether that be the act of creation, the study of texts, or the specific qualities that elevate a piece of writing from mere communication to an artistic endeavor. In English, we translate it simply as 'literary.' Because it is an adjective, it must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies: o prêmio literário (the literary prize) or a crítica literária (the literary criticism). Its usage spans from academic circles discussing the nuances of Machado de Assis to casual conversations about the latest book club selection. When you use this word, you are signaling a focus on the aesthetic, structural, and historical aspects of books and writing.

Scope of Use
This term is not just for scholars. It appears in news headlines regarding book fairs, in university course catalogs, and in everyday discussions about one's personal tastes. It implies a level of sophistication or a specific focus on the 'written word' as an art form rather than just a utility.

Este festival literário atrai milhares de leitores todos os anos para a pequena cidade.

In the context of Portuguese culture, literature holds a prestigious place. From the epic verses of Camões to the modern prose of Saramago, being 'literário' carries a weight of cultural heritage. You will often hear it used to describe a 'gênero literário' (literary genre), such as romance, poetry, or drama. It is also common in the phrase 'círculo literário' (literary circle), referring to groups of intellectuals or enthusiasts who gather to discuss books. Interestingly, while it is an academic term, it is perfectly accessible to A2 learners because its cognate nature makes it easy to recognize for English speakers. However, the challenge lies in the pronunciation and the correct application of gender agreement, which is essential for sounding natural in Portuguese.

Ela tem um gosto literário muito refinado e prefere os clássicos russos.

Formal vs. Informal
While 'literário' is inherently somewhat formal, it is the standard word for its meaning. There isn't a 'slang' version of literary. However, in informal settings, people might just say 'de livros' (about books), but using 'literário' shows a better command of the language.

Furthermore, 'literário' can describe the style of a text. If a piece of writing is very descriptive, uses metaphors, and focuses on beauty over direct information, one might say it has a 'tom literário' (literary tone). This is often contrasted with 'técnico' (technical) or 'jornalístico' (journalistic) styles. In Portuguese-speaking countries, literary supplements in newspapers (suplementos literários) are common, providing reviews and essays on new releases. Understanding this word opens doors to understanding how Portuguese speakers value their written traditions. Whether you are visiting a bookstore in Lisbon or a library in São Paulo, 'literário' is your key to the world of letters.

O arquivo literário da biblioteca nacional contém manuscritos raros.

Professional Context
In professional editing or publishing, 'agente literário' (literary agent) is a common title. This demonstrates that the word is foundational to the industry of books.

Muitos escritores começam sua carreira enviando contos para um concurso literário.

To conclude, 'literário' is a versatile and essential adjective. It encompasses everything from the physical book to the abstract concept of style. By mastering its use, you can participate in deeper cultural discussions and navigate the rich world of Lusophone literature with confidence. It is a word that celebrates the beauty of language and the power of storytelling, making it a favorite among those who love to read and write.

O estilo literário de José Saramago é conhecido por suas frases longas e falta de pontuação tradicional.

Using literário correctly requires attention to the noun it modifies. In Portuguese, adjectives usually follow the noun. For example, 'literary work' becomes obra literária. Notice how the ending changes from '-o' to '-a' because 'obra' is a feminine noun. This is the most important grammatical rule for beginners to master. When you are talking about multiple things, you must also pluralize the adjective: estudos literários (literary studies). The flexibility of this word allows it to fit into many sentence structures, from simple descriptions to complex analytical statements.

Agreement Rules
Masculine Singular: literário | Feminine Singular: literária | Masculine Plural: literários | Feminine Plural: literárias. This pattern is consistent across all uses of the word.

Nós visitamos um café literário no centro de Lisboa.

In a sentence, 'literário' often acts as a classifier. It answers the question 'What kind of...?' What kind of prize? A literary prize (prêmio literário). What kind of movement? A literary movement (movimento literário). It can also be used after the verb 'ser' (to be) to describe a subject. For instance, 'Este texto é muito literário' (This text is very literary). Here, it functions as a predicate adjective. In this position, it still must agree with the subject of the sentence. If the subject is 'Esta poesia', then the sentence must be 'Esta poesia é muito literária'.

As análises literárias ajudam a compreender o contexto histórico do autor.

Common Noun Pairings
Gênero literário (Genre), Crítico literário (Critic), Sucesso literário (Success), Patrimônio literário (Heritage).

One nuance to consider is the word order. While putting 'literário' after the noun is the standard, putting it before the noun can sometimes add a poetic or emphatic touch, though this is much less common in modern, everyday Portuguese. For example, 'um literário evento' sounds very old-fashioned or overly dramatic compared to 'um evento literário'. Stick to the post-noun position to ensure you sound natural. Additionally, when using 'literário' in a list of adjectives, it usually comes first or last depending on emphasis: 'um texto longo, complexo e literário'.

Aquele escritor recebeu um importante prêmio literário na França.

Negative Sentences
To say something is not literary, simply add 'não': 'Este documento não é um texto literário'. This is useful for distinguishing between art and utility.

Eles estão organizando um sarau literário para jovens poetas.

Finally, consider the adverbial form 'literariamente' (literarily). While less common, it is used to describe how something is done in a literary manner. For example, 'Ele se expressa literariamente bem' (He expresses himself well in a literary sense). However, as a learner at the A2 level, focusing on the adjective 'literário' and its four variations will provide you with the most utility in your daily Portuguese studies and conversations.

A história daquele país é rica em movimentos literários revolucionários.

The word literário is surprisingly common in Portuguese-speaking societies, largely because of the high cultural value placed on reading and writing. One of the most frequent places you will encounter this word is in the media. Newspapers in Brazil and Portugal often have a section called 'Caderno Literário' or 'Suplemento Literário,' which is dedicated to book reviews, interviews with authors, and essays. If you are watching the news, you might hear about a 'salão literário' or a 'festa literária,' such as FLIP (Festa Literária Internacional de Paraty), which is one of the biggest literary events in the world. In these contexts, the word is used to define the nature of the event or the publication.

In Schools and Universities
Students from a young age hear about 'análise literária' (literary analysis) and 'teoria literária' (literary theory). It is a staple of the 'Português' curriculum in schools.

O professor recomendou um guia literário para ajudar nos estudos do vestibular.

In bookstores (livrarias), you will see signs for different genres using this word, such as 'clássicos literários.' If you join a book club, the group might be referred to as a 'círculo literário' or a 'clube literário.' In more formal settings, like a speech or a lecture, an orator might refer to the 'valor literário' of a certain work, emphasizing its artistic merit. Even in travel contexts, you might hear about 'roteiros literários'—tours that take you through the places that inspired famous authors or where they lived. For example, a 'roteiro literário' in Lisbon would definitely include the cafés frequented by Fernando Pessoa.

Nós fizemos um passeio literário pelas ruas que inspiraram Jorge Amado.

Public Spaces
Libraries (bibliotecas) and cultural centers (centros culturais) often host 'oficinas literárias' (literary workshops) where people can learn to write creatively.

Social media also plays a role. Brazilian 'BookTubers' and 'Bookstagrammers' frequently use 'literário' to categorize their content. You might see hashtags like #MundoLiterário or #UniversoLiterário. In these digital spaces, the word is used to build a community around the love of books. It feels modern and inclusive, rather than strictly academic. Whether it's a tweet about a 'ressaca literária' (a literary hangover, when you can't start a new book after finishing a great one) or a blog post about 'novidades literárias' (literary news), the word is everywhere in the online lives of Portuguese speakers.

A influenciadora postou suas recomendações do mês no seu blog literário.

Legal and Official Contexts
In copyright law, you might hear about 'propriedade literária' (literary property), which refers to the legal rights an author has over their written work.

O museu possui um vasto espólio literário de escritores do século XIX.

In summary, 'literário' is not a word confined to dusty bookshelves. It is a living, breathing part of the Portuguese language that appears in news, education, tourism, and social media. It connects the prestigious past of Portuguese letters with the vibrant, digital present. By recognizing it in these various contexts, you will gain a much richer understanding of how literature integrates into the daily lives of people in Portugal, Brazil, and beyond.

O debate literário na rádio foi muito esclarecedor para os novos escritores.

Even though literário is a cognate of 'literary', learners of Portuguese often trip over a few common hurdles. The most frequent mistake is confusing literário with literal. While they look similar, their meanings are entirely different. 'Literário' refers to literature and art, whereas 'literal' refers to the exact, primary meaning of a word without metaphor or exaggeration. For example, saying 'uma tradução literária' means a translation that is artistic and fits the style of literature, while 'uma tradução literal' means a word-for-word translation that might lose the artistic nuance. Mixing these up can lead to significant confusion in meaning.

Gender Agreement Failures
Learners often forget to change the ending to 'a' for feminine nouns. They might say 'uma obra literário' instead of 'uma obra literária'. Always check the gender of the noun!

Errado: Esta é uma crítica literário.
Correto: Esta é uma crítica literária.

Another common error involves pronunciation. English speakers often want to stress the wrong syllable or swallow the 'i' sound. In Portuguese, 'li-te-rá-rio' has five distinct syllables, and the stress is on the 'rá' because of the acute accent. Failing to emphasize the stressed syllable can make the word unrecognizable to native speakers. Also, be careful with the 'rio' ending; it should be pronounced clearly as two sounds (ri-o), not merged into a single English-sounding 'ry' sound. Practicing the rhythmic cadence of the word is key to avoiding this mistake.

Lembre-se: O acento em 'rá' indica a sílaba tônica. Diga li-te-RÁ-rio.

Overuse of 'Literário'
Sometimes learners use 'literário' when 'de livros' or 'escrito' would be more natural. Use 'literário' for artistic or formal contexts, but for simple things, 'de livros' is often enough.

A subtle mistake is using 'literário' to describe a person's ability to read and write. In English, 'literary' can sometimes describe someone who is well-read, but in Portuguese, 'literário' is almost exclusively used for things, concepts, or movements. To describe a person who is well-versed in literature, you would use 'culto' (cultured) or 'erudito' (erudite). Using 'ele é um homem literário' is technically possible but sounds like he is a character made of paper rather than a person who likes books. Instead, say 'ele é um grande conhecedor de literatura'.

O termo 'literário' descreve o objeto ou o estilo, não a capacidade da pessoa.

Pluralization Mistake
Don't forget the 's' for plural nouns! 'Os eventos literários' (The literary events) – both the noun and the adjective must be plural.

Errado: Os círculos literário são interessantes.
Correto: Os círculos literários são interessantes.

Lastly, be careful with word order. In English, we say 'literary prize' (adjective before noun). In Portuguese, it is 'prêmio literário' (noun before adjective). Reversing this order ('literário prêmio') is a classic 'English-speaker mistake' that immediately signals you are translating directly from English in your head. Practicing the 'Noun + Adjective' pattern with many different nouns will help cement the correct structure in your mind.

Dica: Pense primeiro no 'o quê' (o prêmio) e depois no 'como' (literário).

When you want to describe something related to books or writing in Portuguese, literário is your primary tool, but it's not the only one. Depending on the nuance you want to convey, other words might be more appropriate. For example, if you are talking about the physical act of writing or something that is written down, escrito is the word. While a 'texto literário' is a piece of art, a 'texto escrito' is simply any text that has been put on paper or screen. Understanding the difference between 'artistic' and 'functional' is key here.

Literário vs. Escrito
Literário: Refers to artistic quality and literature. (Ex: obra literária).
Escrito: Refers to the medium of writing. (Ex: documento escrito).

Um diário pode ser apenas um registro escrito, mas se for bem trabalhado, torna-se literário.

Another similar word is poético (poetic). While all poetry is literary, not everything literary is poetic. 'Poético' suggests a specific focus on rhythm, emotion, and imagery. You might describe a beautiful sunset as 'poético', but you wouldn't usually call it 'literário' unless it looks like something out of a specific book. There is also ficcional (fictional), which is used for stories that are not true. While most literature is fictional, 'literário' describes the style and quality, while 'ficcional' describes the content's relationship to reality.

Literário vs. Poético
Literário: Broad term for literature.
Poético: Specific term for the qualities of poetry (beauty, rhythm).

O discurso do político foi mais poético do que prático.

If you want to sound more informal, you can use phrases with 'de livros'. Instead of 'evento literário', you might say 'evento de livros'. This is very common in casual speech. For academic contexts, you might see letrado. While 'literário' describes the work, 'letrado' describes a person who is highly educated in letters. Finally, humanístico (humanistic) is a broader term that includes literature along with philosophy, history, and arts. If you are discussing a university department, you might hear about the 'área humanística' which includes 'estudos literários'.

Summary of Alternatives
1. Escrito (Written)
2. Poético (Poetic)
3. Ficcional (Fictional)
4. Narrativo (Narrative)
5. Bibliográfico (Bibliographic).

A estrutura narrativa deste romance é inovadora e muito literária.

By knowing these alternatives, you can choose the most precise word for your situation. Whether you are writing an essay, chatting with friends at a café, or browsing a library, having a range of synonyms and related terms will make your Portuguese sound more natural and nuanced. 'Literário' is a great starting point, but the world of Portuguese 'letras' is vast and full of specialized vocabulary waiting to be explored.

O catálogo bibliográfico daquela universidade é excelente para pesquisadores.

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수준별 예문

1

Este é um livro literário.

This is a literary book.

Literário is masculine because 'livro' is masculine.

2

Ela gosta de um prêmio literário.

She likes a literary prize.

Prêmio is masculine.

3

O texto literário é curto.

The literary text is short.

Texto is masculine.

4

Nós lemos uma obra literária.

We read a literary work.

Literária is feminine because 'obra' is feminine.

5

O café literário é calmo.

The literary café is calm.

Café is masculine.

6

Eles têm um projeto literário.

They have a literary project.

Projeto is masculine.

7

A revista literária é nova.

The literary magazine is new.

Revista is feminine.

8

Eu vejo um anúncio literário.

I see a literary advertisement.

Anúncio is masculine.

1

O professor explicou o gênero literário.

The teacher explained the literary genre.

Gênero is a masculine noun.

2

Existem muitos eventos literários na cidade.

There are many literary events in the city.

Literários is plural to match 'eventos'.

3

Ela ganhou um concurso literário na escola.

She won a literary contest at school.

Concurso is masculine.

4

Nós visitamos a seção literária da biblioteca.

We visited the literary section of the library.

Seção is feminine.

5

O autor tem um estilo literário simples.

The author has a simple literary style.

Estilo is masculine.

6

As obras literárias brasileiras são famosas.

Brazilian literary works are famous.

Obras and literárias are both feminine plural.

7

Eu quero participar de um círculo literário.

I want to participate in a literary circle.

Círculo is masculine.

8

Este jornal tem um suplemento literário aos domingos.

This newspaper has a literary supplement on Sundays.

Suplemento is masculine.

1

A análise literária revelou temas profundos.

The literary analysis revealed deep themes.

Análise is feminine.

2

O valor literário deste romance é inquestionável.

The literary value of this novel is unquestionable.

Valor is masculine.

3

Eles discutiram o movimento literário do século XIX.

They discussed the literary movement of the 19th century.

Movimento is masculine.

4

O crítico literário escreveu uma resenha positiva.

The literary critic wrote a positive review.

Crítico is masculine (referring to a male critic).

5

A tradição literária de Portugal é muito antiga.

Portugal's literary tradition is very old.

Tradição is feminine.

6

O festival literário atrai autores internacionais.

The literary festival attracts international authors.

Festival is masculine.

7

O livro possui um tom literário muito marcante.

The book has a very striking literary tone.

Tom is masculine.

8

As influências literárias do autor são diversas.

The author's literary influences are diverse.

Influências is feminine plural.

1

O cânone literário está em constante evolução.

The literary canon is in constant evolution.

Cânone is masculine.

2

A teoria literária moderna foca na recepção do leitor.

Modern literary theory focuses on reader reception.

Teoria is feminine.

3

O texto apresenta um alto grau de elaboração literária.

The text presents a high degree of literary elaboration.

Elaboração is feminine.

4

O prêmio reconhece a excelência da produção literária nacional.

The prize recognizes the excellence of national literary production.

Produção is feminine.

5

A linguagem literária difere da linguagem cotidiana.

Literary language differs from everyday language.

Linguagem is feminine.

6

O autor publicou um manifesto literário polêmico.

The author published a controversial literary manifesto.

Manifesto is masculine.

7

A historiografia literária estuda a sucessão de estilos.

Literary historiography studies the succession of styles.

Historiografia is feminine.

8

O projeto literário da escritora é focado na memória.

The writer's literary project is focused on memory.

Projeto is masculine.

1

A intertextualidade literária enriquece a leitura.

Literary intertextuality enriches the reading.

Intertextualidade is feminine.

2

O ensaio aborda a estética literária do pós-modernismo.

The essay addresses the literary aesthetics of postmodernism.

Estética is feminine.

3

O campo literário é composto por diversos agentes sociais.

The literary field is composed of various social agents.

Campo is masculine.

4

A obra desafia as convenções do sistema literário vigente.

The work challenges the conventions of the current literary system.

Sistema is masculine (Greek origin -ma nouns).

5

A representação literária da realidade é sempre mediada.

The literary representation of reality is always mediated.

Representação is feminine.

6

O autor utiliza o pastiche literário como forma de crítica.

The author uses literary pastiche as a form of criticism.

Pastiche is masculine.

7

A autonomia do fenômeno literário foi debatida no congresso.

The autonomy of the literary phenomenon was debated at the congress.

Fenômeno is masculine.

8

A crítica apontou a falta de rigor literário na narrativa.

The critic pointed out the lack of literary rigor in the narrative.

Rigor is masculine.

1

A ontologia do ser literário transcende a página impressa.

The ontology of the literary being transcends the printed page.

Ontologia is feminine.

2

O despojamento literário da obra reflete um niilismo existencial.

The literary stripping down of the work reflects an existential nihilism.

Despojamento is masculine.

3

A historiografia literária contemporânea revisita vozes silenciadas.

Contemporary literary historiography revisits silenced voices.

Historiografia is feminine.

4

A obra é um exercício de metalinguagem literária absoluta.

The work is an exercise in absolute literary metalanguage.

Metalinguagem is feminine.

5

O autor subverte a teleologia literária tradicional.

The author subverts traditional literary teleology.

Teleologia is feminine.

6

A recepção literária é um processo de cocriação de sentido.

Literary reception is a process of co-creation of meaning.

Recepção is feminine.

7

O texto habita a fronteira entre o literário e o documental.

The text inhabits the border between the literary and the documentary.

Literário is used here as a substantive (noun-like).

8

A hermenêutica literária exige um distanciamento crítico.

Literary hermen

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