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A2 interjection 9분 분량

Pobre!

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 Pobre! 30초 만에

설명 Pobre! in your Level:

At the A1 level, students should learn 'Pobre!' as a simple exclamation of sympathy. It is one of the first ways to show you care in a conversation. You might hear it when someone says they are tired or hungry. At this stage, focus on the standalone word 'Pobre!' or 'Pobrezinho!' to react to sad news. Think of it as a 'survival' word for social interaction—it shows you are listening and that you have feelings. You don't need to worry about complex grammar yet; just use it to react to a friend's small problem. For example, if a classmate says they forgot their lunch, you can say 'Pobre!'. It is a friendly, easy way to connect without needing long sentences. It is important to distinguish this from the word for 'not rich', but usually, the context of the conversation makes it very clear which one you mean.

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At the A2 level, you begin to use the 'Pobre de...' construction. This is where you learn to target your sympathy. You should practice 'Pobre de mim' (Poor me) and 'Pobre de ti' (Poor you). You will also learn the basic contractions like 'do' and 'da'. This allows you to say 'Pobre do cão' (Poor dog) or 'Pobre da minha mãe' (Poor my mother). At this level, you are expected to understand that 'Pobre!' is an interjection used for misfortune. You might see it in simple stories or hear it in basic classroom dialogues. It is a great way to practice your prepositions and pronouns while adding emotional depth to your Portuguese. You should also start to recognize the diminutive 'Pobrezinho' as a more 'cute' or 'tender' version of the word, often used for small things or children.

At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'Pobre!' in various social contexts. You understand the nuance between 'Pobre!' and 'Que pena!'. You can use it to express solidarity with colleagues or friends. You also begin to notice it in media, like in songs or simple news reports about people in difficult situations. You understand that 'Pobre!' can be used ironically—for example, saying 'Pobre de ti!' to a friend who is complaining about a 'first-world problem' like having too many vacation choices. This level requires a better grasp of the tone; you know how to say it so it sounds like genuine sympathy rather than mockery. You are also able to use it with plural pronouns like 'Pobre de nós' when something affects your whole group.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the B2 level, you master the stylistic use of 'Pobre!'. You can use it in writing to create an empathetic tone. You understand its role in literature and how it can be used to describe the 'human condition'. You are aware of regional differences, such as the preference for 'Coitado' in some parts of Brazil versus 'Pobre' in Portugal. You can use the interjection in more complex sentences and understand when it might be perceived as patronizing. You are also familiar with fixed expressions and idioms that involve the word 'pobre', and you can distinguish between the interjection and the adjective even in complex, multi-clause sentences. Your pronunciation is natural, capturing the sigh-like quality the word often has when spoken by natives.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the C1 level, you have a deep appreciation for the emotional and cultural weight of 'Pobre!'. You can analyze its use in Fado lyrics or classical Portuguese literature. You understand the subtle social hierarchies that might be implied when an interjection of pity is used. You can use it with high precision in debates or sophisticated conversations to show empathy for a social cause or a historical figure. You are also aware of the etymological roots and how the word has evolved from a purely economic term to a versatile emotional interjection. You can switch between 'Pobre!', 'Coitado!', and other synonyms based on the exact 'flavor' of sympathy you wish to convey, whether it is tragic, condescending, or purely supportive.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the C2 level, you use 'Pobre!' with the same nuance and instinctive timing as a native speaker. You can use it to evoke a specific atmosphere in creative writing or formal oratory. You understand the most obscure uses of the word in archaic texts and can explain the linguistic evolution of the 'Pobre de...' construction. You are capable of using the word to create sophisticated irony or to express a deeply philosophical sense of pity for humanity. Your mastery includes the ability to use the word in any register, from the most informal slang to the most elevated poetic discourse, always choosing the right variant (pobrezinho, pobretão, etc.) to fit the exact social and emotional context of the interaction.

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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

Pobre! 30초 만에

Pobre! is an interjection used to express pity or sympathy for someone's misfortune, similar to 'Poor you!' in English.
It is almost always used with the preposition 'de', as in 'Pobre de mim' or 'Pobre do rapaz'.
While it shares the same word as 'poor' (not rich), as an interjection, it refers to bad luck, not money.
The diminutive forms 'Pobrezinho' or 'Pobrezinha' are very common for adding extra tenderness and affection.

The interjection Pobre! in Portuguese is a powerful linguistic tool used to convey deep empathy, pity, or sympathy toward someone experiencing a stroke of bad luck, physical pain, or emotional distress. Unlike the adjective 'pobre' which primarily denotes a lack of financial resources, the interjection focuses entirely on the state of being 'unfortunate' or 'pitiful' in a specific moment. It is the equivalent of the English exclamation 'Poor thing!' or 'Poor you!'. This expression is ubiquitous in Lusophone cultures where emotional expression is often outward and communal. When you see a child fall and scrape their knee, a Portuguese speaker might immediately exclaim 'Pobre da criança!' to acknowledge the pain. It is a way of validating the other person's suffering.

Emotional Resonance: The word carries a weight of shared humanity, suggesting that the speaker feels the weight of the other person's misfortune.

Pobre de ti! Ter que trabalhar no dia do teu aniversário é uma injustiça.

In daily life, you will hear this in supermarkets when someone drops their bags, in hospitals, or during funerals. It bridges the gap between strangers by offering a quick, recognized form of comfort. However, its use requires a certain level of social intelligence. If used toward someone who is proud or in a position of power, it might be perceived as condescending or patronizing. The tone must always remain sincere and soft. In Brazil, you might hear variations like 'coitado', but 'pobre' remains a classic, slightly more traditional choice in many contexts. The word stems from the Latin 'pauper', which originally meant 'producing little', but as an interjection, it has shed all economic meaning to become a pure vessel for human compassion. It is often accompanied by a specific facial expression—a slight tilt of the head and a softening of the eyes—which completes the communication of sympathy. When used reflexively, as in 'Pobre de mim!', it expresses self-pity, often used humorously or dramatically to complain about one's own minor inconveniences, such as having too much homework or having to walk in the rain.

Using the interjection Pobre! follows a very specific syntactic pattern that learners must master to sound natural. The most common structure is 'Pobre + de + [Target]'. The target can be a personal pronoun (mim, ti, ele, nós, vós, eles) or a noun phrase. For example, 'Pobre de mim!' is the standard way to say 'Poor me!'. Note that when using a noun, the preposition 'de' usually contracts with the article: 'Pobre do João' (de + o) or 'Pobre da Maria' (de + a).

Grammatical Structure: Interjection + Preposition 'de' + Contraction/Pronoun. This is the bedrock of expressing pity in Portuguese.

Pobre do meu gato, ele está tão doente e não consegue comer nada.

It can also be used as a standalone exclamation. If someone tells you a sad story, simply saying 'Pobre!' or 'Pobrezinho!' (using the diminutive for extra affection) is a complete and appropriate response. In more literary or formal contexts, 'pobre' might precede the noun directly without 'de', such as 'Pobre homem!', though this sounds more like a descriptive phrase than a spontaneous interjection. In spoken Brazilian Portuguese, 'Pobre de mim' is frequent in songs and poetry to emphasize a character's tragic fate. When practicing, focus on the 'de' contraction. If you are talking about a group, say 'Pobre deles!' (Poor them!). If you are talking about a female friend, 'Pobre dela!'. The gender and number agreement happens within the contraction (do/da/dos/das) or the pronoun, while 'Pobre' itself remains invariable as an interjection. This flexibility allows you to react quickly to any situation involving misfortune. Whether it is a broken glass, a missed train, or a broken heart, 'Pobre!' provides the necessary emotional punctuation. It is also important to note the difference between 'Pobre de...' and 'Pobre em...'. The latter means 'poor in' (like 'pobre em fibras'), which is purely descriptive and not an interjection. Mastery of this word involves understanding that it is less about the word itself and more about the connection it builds between the speaker and the subject of the pity.

You will encounter Pobre! in a wide variety of social settings across the Lusophone world. In the domestic sphere, it is a constant presence. Mothers and grandmothers are perhaps the most frequent users, employing it to soothe children who have had a minor accident or to lament the hard work of a family member. In Portuguese 'telenovelas' (soap operas), 'Pobre!' is a staple of the dialogue, used by protagonists to show their kind heart or by villains to mock their victims with false sympathy.

Cultural Setting: The Cafe: In a typical Portuguese 'pasteleria', you might hear patrons discussing the news. 'Pobre daquela gente!' they might say regarding victims of a natural disaster.

Pobre de ti, que ficaste preso no trânsito por duas horas!

Music is another major venue for this word. Fado, the traditional Portuguese music of longing and fate, often features the phrase 'Pobre de mim' to underscore the singer's melancholy and resignation to a difficult life. Similarly, in Brazilian Samba or Bossa Nova, the word might appear to describe the 'pobre coração' (poor heart) that has been broken by love. In literature, great authors like Fernando Pessoa or Machado de Assis use the word to evoke existential pity for the human condition. In a more modern context, you'll hear it in office corridors when a colleague is assigned a difficult task: 'Pobre de ti, o chefe está de mau humor hoje.' It serves as a social lubricant, acknowledging shared difficulties and creating a sense of solidarity. Even in sports commentary, if a player makes a glaring mistake or gets injured, the narrator might say 'Pobre do jogador, que azar!'. This broad usage highlights how central the concept of 'piedade' (pity/mercy) is to the Portuguese-speaking worldview. It is a culture that values the outward expression of empathy, and 'Pobre!' is the most concise way to offer it. Whether in a high-stakes drama or a casual conversation about the weather, this interjection is the go-to emotional response for recognizing the 'mala suerte' (bad luck) of others.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using Pobre! is confusing it with the literal adjective for poverty. While they share the same root, the interjection functions differently. A common error is saying 'Pobre eu!' instead of the correct 'Pobre de mim!'. In Portuguese, the interjection requires the oblique pronoun 'mim' after the preposition 'de', never the subject pronoun 'eu'.

The Pronoun Error: Incorrect: Pobre eu. Correct: Pobre de mim. Always use the 'de + oblique' structure for self-pity.

Pobre de nós (Correct) vs. Pobre nós (Incorrect).

Another mistake is using 'Pobre!' in situations that require a more serious expression of sympathy, like a death in the family. While 'Pobre!' expresses pity, it can sometimes feel too casual or 'light' for profound grief. In those cases, 'Sinto muito' or 'Os meus pêsames' are more appropriate. Furthermore, learners often forget the contractions. Saying 'Pobre de o rapaz' sounds stilted and unnatural; it must be 'Pobre do rapaz'. There is also the danger of misusing the diminutive 'Pobrezinho'. While it is meant to be affectionate, using it for an adult in a professional setting can be seen as infantalizing or insulting. It is best reserved for children, pets, or very close friends. Finally, do not confuse 'Pobre!' with 'Coitado!'. While they are similar, 'Coitado' is often more versatile in Brazil, whereas 'Pobre' as an interjection can sometimes feel slightly more old-fashioned or dramatic depending on the region. Understanding these nuances—the grammatical requirement of 'de', the necessity of contractions, and the social weight of the word—will prevent you from sounding like a direct translator and help you sound like a true Lusophone.

To truly enrich your Portuguese, you should understand how Pobre! compares to its synonyms. The most prominent alternative is 'Coitado!'. In many contexts, these are interchangeable, but 'Coitado' (derived from 'coita', an old word for grief or pain) is perhaps the most common way to say 'Poor thing' in modern Brazilian Portuguese.

Pobre vs. Coitado: 'Pobre' often feels more empathetic and soft, while 'Coitado' can sometimes carry a slight tinge of 'loser' or 'helpless' if used in a specific tone.

Coitado do seu irmão! vs. Pobre do seu irmão!

Another alternative is 'Que pena!', which translates to 'What a pity!' or 'What a shame!'. This is more focused on the situation itself rather than the person. If someone loses their keys, 'Que pena!' is a safe, neutral response. 'Pobre de ti!' would be more personal, focusing on the person's frustration. In Portugal, you might also hear 'Mofino!', although it is quite regional and dated, referring to someone who is unlucky or miserable. 'Infeliz!' (Unhappy/Unfortunate) can also be used as an interjection, but it often carries a harsher, more judgmental tone, almost like 'You wretch!'. For a very informal, slang-heavy Brazilian context, one might use 'Putz, que bad!' (informal/English-influenced) to express sympathy for a bad situation. However, 'Pobre!' remains the most emotionally resonant and grammatically structured way to express pity across all Portuguese-speaking countries. It allows for the 'Pobre de [someone]' construction which none of the other synonyms handle in quite the same way. When you want to sound poetic, empathetic, and grammatically precise, 'Pobre!' is your best choice.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

While 'pobre' came to mean a lack of money, its use as an interjection of pity is a secondary development that highlights the linguistic link between material lack and emotional suffering.

발음 가이드

UK /ˈpɔ.bɾɨ/

US /ˈpɔ.bɾi/

The stress is on the first syllable: PO-bre.

라임이 맞는 단어

Cobre Nobre Sobre Dobre Abre (slant) Pobre (reflexive) Robre Salobre

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing the 'r' like an English 'r' (it should be a flick of the tongue).
Making the 'o' closed like in 'go' (it should be open like 'law').
In Portugal, over-pronouncing the final 'e' (it should be very muted).
In Brazil, making the 'r' guttural like 'h' (in this word, it is usually a flap).
Not emphasizing the stress on the first syllable.

난이도

독해 1/5

Very easy to recognize in text due to context and exclamation marks.

쓰기 2/5

Requires remembering the 'de' and contractions (do/da).

말하기 2/5

Easy to say, but tone and 'r' flap require practice.

듣기 1/5

Very distinct sound, easy to pick up in conversation.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

Pobre (adj) De Mim Ti Coitado

다음에 배울 것

Pena Lamentar Sorte Azar Piedade

고급

Misericórdia Compaixão Depauperado Penúria Indigência

알아야 할 문법

Contractions with 'de'

de + o = do; de + a = da

Oblique pronouns after prepositions

Pobre de mim (not 'eu')

Diminutives for emotion

Pobre -> Pobrezinho

Interjection placement

Usually at the start of a sentence or standalone.

Gender/Number of contractions

Pobre das (plural feminine) raparigas.

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수준별 예문

Pobre!

Poor thing!

Standalone interjection.

Pobrezinho!

Poor little thing!

Diminutive form for extra sympathy.

Oh, pobre!

Oh, poor thing!

Used with 'Oh' for emphasis.

Pobre gato.

Poor cat.

Adjective-like usage as an exclamation.

Pobre Maria.

Poor Maria.

Used directly with a name.

Pobre de mim!

Poor me!

First person singular oblique pronoun.

Pobre dele.

Poor him.

Third person masculine pronoun.

Pobre dela.

Poor her.

Third person feminine pronoun.

Pobre de ti! Estás muito cansado.

Poor you! You are very tired.

Pobre de + ti.

Pobre do meu irmão, ele perdeu o telemóvel.

Poor my brother, he lost his phone.

Contraction 'do' (de + o).

Pobre da criança, ela está a chorar.

Poor child, she is crying.

Contraction 'da' (de + a).

Pobre de nós, temos que estudar no sábado.

Poor us, we have to study on Saturday.

First person plural pronoun.

Pobre do cão, ele tem fome.

Poor dog, he is hungry.

Contraction 'do'.

Pobre de vocês, o voo foi cancelado.

Poor you (plural), the flight was cancelled.

Second person plural pronoun.

Pobre da Ana, ela está doente.

Poor Ana, she is sick.

Contraction with a proper noun.

Pobre do passarinho que caiu do ninho.

Poor little bird that fell from the nest.

Relative clause following the interjection phrase.

Pobre de mim, que nunca tenho sorte no amor.

Poor me, who never has luck in love.

Adding a relative clause for detail.

Pobre do João, ele trabalha tanto e ganha tão pouco.

Poor João, he works so much and earns so little.

Expressing social sympathy.

Pobre de ti, que tens de aturar aquele chefe.

Poor you, who has to put up with that boss.

Using 'aturar' (to put up with).

Pobre daquela gente que perdeu tudo no incêndio.

Poor those people who lost everything in the fire.

Pobre + daquela (de + aquela).

Pobrezinhos dos animais, ficaram sem abrigo.

Poor little animals, they were left without shelter.

Diminutive plural form.

Pobre de mim! Esqueci-me das chaves dentro de casa.

Poor me! I forgot my keys inside the house.

Common everyday misfortune.

Pobre do teu pai, ele deve estar muito preocupado.

Poor your father, he must be very worried.

Speculative sympathy.

Pobre de nós se o projeto não for aprovado.

Poor us if the project is not approved.

Conditional 'se' clause.

Pobre de quem acredita em tudo o que lê na internet.

Poor whoever believes everything they read on the internet.

Pobre de + relative pronoun 'quem'.

Pobre do espírito que não conhece a liberdade.

Poor the spirit that does not know freedom.

Abstract/Metaphorical usage.

Pobre daquele que troca a amizade pelo dinheiro.

Poor he who trades friendship for money.

Moralizing usage.

Pobre de ti, se pensas que a vida é fácil.

Poor you, if you think life is easy.

Slightly condescending or warning tone.

Pobre da cidade, tão maltratada pelo tempo.

Poor city, so mistreated by time.

Personification of a city.

Pobre do artista, incompreendido pela sua própria época.

Poor the artist, misunderstood by his own time.

Passive voice in the description.

Pobre de mim, condenado a repetir os mesmos erros.

Poor me, condemned to repeat the same mistakes.

Existential self-pity.

Pobre da natureza, que sofre com a ganância humana.

Poor nature, which suffers with human greed.

Environmental context.

Pobre de mim, que me vejo enredado nesta teia de mentiras.

Poor me, who finds myself entangled in this web of lies.

Literary/Reflexive construction.

Pobre do povo que não tem memória da sua história.

Poor the people who have no memory of their history.

Social/Political commentary.

Pobre da alma que se deixa consumir pelo ódio.

Poor the soul that lets itself be consumed by hatred.

Philosophical/Poetic.

Pobre de ti, se o destino te for adverso.

Poor you, if fate proves adverse to you.

Formal/Archaic phrasing.

Pobre de quem não sabe apreciar o silêncio.

Poor whoever does not know how to appreciate silence.

Refined cultural observation.

Pobre do coração que bate sem esperança.

Poor the heart that beats without hope.

Fado-style lyricism.

Pobre daquele que vive apenas para as aparências.

Poor he who lives only for appearances.

Social critique.

Pobre de nós, meros peões no tabuleiro do poder.

Poor us, mere pawns on the chessboard of power.

Metaphorical/Political.

Pobre de mim, exilado na minha própria pátria.

Poor me, exiled in my own homeland.

High-level emotional paradox.

Pobre da língua que se deixa corromper pelo desleixo.

Poor the language that lets itself be corrupted by neglect.

Linguistic commentary.

Pobre do fado que não encontra voz para a sua dor.

Poor the fado that finds no voice for its pain.

Deep cultural personification.

Pobre de quem busca a verdade num poço de ilusões.

Poor whoever seeks truth in a well of illusions.

Allegorical usage.

Pobre de nós, arquitetos de castelos na areia.

Poor us, architects of sandcastles.

Metaphor for human futility.

Pobre do intelecto que se fecha à dúvida.

Poor the intellect that closes itself to doubt.

Epistemological critique.

Pobre da saudade que já não tem rosto para recordar.

Poor the 'saudade' that no longer has a face to remember.

Abstract use of a core Portuguese concept.

Pobre de ti, que carregas o mundo nos ombros sem ser Atlas.

Poor you, who carries the world on your shoulders without being Atlas.

Classical mythological allusion.

자주 쓰는 조합

Pobre de mim

Pobre de ti

Pobre do...

Pobre da...

Oh, pobre!

Pobre alma

Pobre diabo

Pobre criatura

Pobrezinho de...

Pobre de nós

자주 쓰는 구문

Pobre de mim!

— Poor me! Used to complain about one's own situation.

Pobre de mim, tenho tanta louça para lavar!

Pobre de ti!

— Poor you! Used to show sympathy for a friend.

Pobre de ti, tiveste um dia horrível.

Pobre do mundo!

— Poor world! Used to lament global problems or the state of society.

Pobre do mundo, com tantas guerras.

Pobre daquela pessoa.

— Poor that person. Used when discussing someone else's misfortune.

Pobre daquela mulher, perdeu a casa.

Pobrezinho, pá!

— Poor guy, man! (Informal Portugal).

Pobrezinho, pá, ele não merecia isto.

Ai, pobre!

— Oh, poor thing! A common vocalization of pity.

Ai, pobre! Deixa-me ver essa ferida.

Pobre de quem não tem amigos.

— Poor is the one who has no friends.

Pobre de quem não tem amigos para o ajudar.

Pobre de quem espera.

— Poor is the one who waits.

Pobre de quem espera por uma promessa vazia.

Pobre de nós todos.

— Poor all of us. Used for shared tragedies.

Pobre de nós todos se a economia colapsar.

Pobre do bicho.

— Poor animal. Used for pets or wildlife in distress.

Pobre do bicho, está com a pata partida.

자주 혼동되는 단어

Pobre! vs Pobre (adjective)

The adjective means 'not rich', the interjection means 'unfortunate'.

Pobre! vs Coitado

Very similar, but 'Coitado' is more common in Brazil and can be slightly more dismissive.

Pobre! vs Pena

Means 'pity' or 'shame', used in 'Que pena!' to focus on the event.

관용어 및 표현

"Pobre diabo"

— A person who is insignificant, pitiable, or lacking in resources/character.

Não lhe dês ouvidos, é um pobre diabo.

Informal

"Pobre e mal agradecido"

— Someone who is in a bad situation but is still ungrateful for help.

Ajudei-o e ele nem obrigado disse; é pobre e mal agradecido.

Informal/Proverbial

"Pobre de espírito"

— Someone lacking in intelligence, character, or moral depth; also used biblically for 'the humble'.

Ele é um pobre de espírito, não entende a gravidade da situação.

Neutral/Religious

"Orgulhosamente pobre"

— Being proud despite having little; sometimes used ironically.

Vivem numa casa pequena, mas são orgulhosamente pobres.

Literary

"Pobre mas honrado"

— Poor but honest/honorable; a classic cliché about moral integrity.

O meu avô sempre dizia: somos pobres mas honrados.

Traditional

"Pobre como Job"

— Extremely poor (referring to the biblical figure Job).

Depois da falência, ficou pobre como Job.

Literary/Old-fashioned

"Pobre de pedir"

— So poor that one has to beg; extremely impoverished.

A família ficou pobre de pedir.

Informal

"Ficar pobre"

— To become poor (economically), but can be used dramatically for losing something valuable.

Sem a tua amizade, eu ficaria pobre.

Neutral/Poetic

"Pobre de Cristo"

— A very poor person, often used to evoke religious charity.

Dê uma esmola a este pobre de Cristo.

Religious/Traditional

"Pobreza de espírito"

— Lack of imagination or narrow-mindedness.

Aquela crítica revelou uma grande pobreza de espírito.

Academic/Formal

혼동하기 쉬운

Pobre! vs Pobre

Double meaning.

One is a socioeconomic status (adj), the other is an emotional reaction (interj).

Ele é um homem pobre (adj). Pobre do homem! (interj).

Pobre! vs Coitado

Synonyms.

Coitado implies a state of being 'pitiable', Pobre is a more direct exclamation of sympathy.

Coitado dele! vs Pobre dele!

Pobre! vs Pena

Both express pity.

Pena is the noun 'pity'; Pobre is the exclamation 'Poor!'.

Tenho pena dele. vs Pobre dele!

Pobre! vs Mofino

Old-fashioned synonym.

Mofino is rare and implies bad luck specifically.

Pobre mofino!

Pobre! vs Infeliz

Both mean unfortunate.

Infeliz is often used as a noun or adjective for someone truly miserable.

Aquele infeliz! vs Pobre dele!

문장 패턴

Pobre!

Pobre de [pronoun]

Pobre de ti!

Pobre do/da [noun]

Pobre do cão.

Pobre de [pronoun] + [relative clause]

Pobre de mim, que estou doente.

Pobre daquele que [verb]

Pobre daquele que mente.

Pobre de quem [verb]

Pobre de quem não ama.

Pobre da [abstract noun]

Pobre da nossa esperança.

Pobre de [pronoun], [appositive phrase]

Pobre de mim, eterno viajante.

어휘 가족

명사

Pobreza (poverty)

Pobretão (very poor person)

Pobrerio (group of poor people)

동사

Empobrecer (to become poor)

Depauperar (to impoverish/weaken)

형용사

Pobre (poor)

Pobrezinho (pitiable/dear)

Paupérrimo (extremely poor)

사용법

frequency

Very frequent in spoken language and emotional writing.

자주 하는 실수

Pobre eu! → Pobre de mim!
You must use the oblique pronoun 'mim' with the preposition 'de'.
Pobre de o meu pai. → Pobre do meu pai.
The preposition 'de' must contract with the article 'o'.
Pobre nós! → Pobre de nós!
The interjection requires the preposition 'de' to link to the subject.
Using 'Pobre' with a closed 'o'. → Using an open 'o' (/ɔ/).
Pronouncing it like 'pô-bre' is incorrect; it should be 'pó-bre'.
Pobre em ti! → Pobre de ti!
The correct preposition for the interjection is 'de', not 'em'.

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Watch the Contractions

Always remember that 'de + o' becomes 'do' and 'de + a' becomes 'da'. Saying 'Pobre de o gato' is a sign of a beginner.

Open that 'O'

The 'o' in 'Pobre' is open (/ɔ/). If you close it too much, it won't sound right to native ears.

Embrace the Diminutive

Don't be afraid to use 'Pobrezinho'. Portuguese speakers love diminutives to show affection and closeness.

Self-Pity is Okay

Using 'Pobre de mim!' is a great way to bond with friends over shared complaints about work or school.

Literary Flair

In writing, using 'Pobre de [noun]' can create a very sympathetic and emotional tone for your narrative.

Listen for the Sigh

Natives often sigh before or after saying 'Pobre!'. This non-verbal cue is part of the expression's emotional package.

Synonym Swap

Try swapping 'Pobre!' with 'Coitado!' occasionally to see which one feels more natural in your specific dialect of choice.

Empathy First

Use 'Pobre!' as a quick way to show you are listening when someone tells you about their problems.

Check the Situation

If the situation is extremely grave (like a death), consider more formal expressions alongside or instead of 'Pobre!'.

Daily Reaction

Try to say 'Pobre!' (even to yourself) whenever you see something slightly unfortunate happen in your day.

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기억법

Think of 'Poor' + 'e' (as in empathy). Pobre is the word for 'Poor' when you want to show 'Empathy'.

시각적 연상

Imagine a person sighing and putting their hand on their heart while saying 'Pobre!'. The word sounds like a soft breath.

Word Web

Pity Empathy Sympathy Coitado Misfortune Poverty Sadness Care

챌린지

Try to use 'Pobre de mim!' next time you have a minor problem, and 'Pobre de ti!' when a friend complains to you.

어원

From the Latin 'pauper', which meant 'one who produces little' or 'poor'. It evolved through Vulgar Latin into the Old Portuguese 'pobre'.

원래 의미: Economically disadvantaged or producing little yield.

Romance (Latin root).

문화적 맥락

Be careful not to use it with someone who might find pity offensive, such as a superior or someone trying to maintain a strong, independent image.

In English, 'Poor thing' can sometimes sound a bit formal or old-fashioned. In Portuguese, 'Pobre!' is much more common and essential for daily empathy.

Amália Rodrigues songs (Fado) Machado de Assis novels Common Brazilian Telenovela tropes

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실제 사용 상황

Small accidents

Pobre de ti!
Ai, pobre!
Pobrezinho!
Que azar!

Hearing bad news

Pobre do fulano.
Pobre da família.
Lamento muito.
Pobre gente.

Seeing a stray animal

Pobrezinho do cão.
Pobre do bicho.
Que dó.
Pobre criatura.

Self-complaining

Pobre de mim!
Que vida a minha!
Sempre eu, pobre de mim.
Pobre de nós.

Reaction to a sad movie

Pobre da protagonista.
Pobre dele.
Tão triste.
Pobres deles.

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"Pobre de mim, tenho tanto trabalho! E tu, como estás?"

"Viste o que aconteceu ao Manuel? Pobre dele, não achas?"

"Pobre do nosso planeta com este calor, não é verdade?"

"Pobrezinho do teu gato, ele já está melhor?"

"Pobre de quem tem de apanhar o metro a esta hora, concordas?"

일기 주제

Escreve sobre uma situação em que disseste 'Pobre de mim!'. O que aconteceu?

Descreve um momento em que sentiste pena de alguém e usaste a palavra 'Pobre!'.

Como é que a expressão 'Pobre!' ajuda a mostrar empatia na tua cultura?

Faz uma lista de 5 coisas que te fazem dizer 'Pobrezinho!' quando as vês.

Imagina um diálogo entre duas pessoas onde uma delas usa 'Pobre de ti!' de forma irónica.

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No, that is a common mistake. In Portuguese, you must use the oblique pronoun 'mim' after the preposition 'de', so the correct phrase is 'Pobre de mim!'.

Usually no, it is a sign of empathy. However, if said with a sarcastic tone to someone successful, it can be patronizing. Use it with genuine care.

'Pobrezinho' is the diminutive form. It adds a layer of affection, tenderness, or 'cuteness' to the pity. It's like saying 'Poor little thing' instead of just 'Poor thing'.

Yes, as an adjective. But as an interjection, you use it for anyone in a bad situation, regardless of their bank account. A billionaire who loses their dog could still be called 'Pobre do homem!'.

Both are used, but 'Coitado' is extremely frequent in Brazil. 'Pobre!' might sound slightly more dramatic or old-fashioned in some Brazilian regions, but it is perfectly understood.

The word 'Pobre' stays the same, but the contraction or pronoun changes. For example: 'Pobre deles!' (Poor them) or 'Pobre das crianças!' (Poor the children).

Yes, 'Pobre de mim!' is a very common way to express self-pity or to complain about your own bad luck or hard work.

As an interjection targeting someone, yes. If you just say 'Pobre!' as a standalone reaction to a story, you don't need 'de'.

In Portugal, it is /ˈpɔ.bɾɨ/. In Brazil, it is often /ˈpɔ.bɾi/.

Absolutely! It is very common to say 'Pobre do cão' or 'Pobrezinho do gato' when an animal is suffering.

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