A2 Sentence Structure 15 min read 쉬움

소유의 부정: '~이 없다'라고 말하기 (没有)

«不有»는 절대 금지! 무언가 없을 때는 «没» 또는 «没有»라는 마법의 단어만 기억하면 돼요.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

To say you don't have something, simply place 'méiyǒu' before the object.

  • Use {没有|méiyǒu} to negate possession: {我|wǒ} {没有|méiyǒu} {钱|qián} (I don't have money).
  • Never use {不|bù} with {有|yǒu}: It is always {没有|méiyǒu}, never {不有|bùyǒu}.
  • It can also mean 'there is not': {这儿|zhèr} {没有|méiyǒu} {人|rén} (There is no one here).
Subject + 没有 + Object

Overview

(yǒu)는 규칙을 따르지 않는 친구와 같습니다. 중국어의 거의 모든 동사는 ()로 부정하지만, (yǒu)는 반드시 (méi)를 사용해야 합니다.

Word Order Rules

어순은 긍정문과 같습니다: 주어 + 没有(méiyǒu) + 목적어.

How This Grammar Works

(méi)는 소유하지 않은 상태를 나타냅니다.

Formation Pattern

1
주어 2. 没有(méiyǒu) 3. 목적어.

Pattern Variations

일상 대화에서는 (yǒu)를 생략하고 (méi)만 쓸 수 있습니다.

Real Conversations

카페나 일상생활에서의 대화 예시.

Common Mistakes

가장 흔한 실수는 不有(bù yǒu)라고 말하는 것입니다.

Quick FAQ

没有의 차이에 대한 답변.

Basic Sentence Structure

Subject Negative Verb Object Example
没有
我没有钱
没有
他没有车
我们
没有
时间
我们没有时间
这儿
没有
这儿没有人
冰箱里
没有
冰箱里没有水
没有
她没有去

Common Contractions

Full Form Short Form Usage
没有
Casual speech

Meanings

The verb {没有|méiyǒu} is the standard way to express the absence of possession or the non-existence of an object in a specific location.

1

Lack of possession

Expressing that the subject does not own or possess an item.

“{我|wǒ} {没有|méiyǒu} {时间|shíjiān}.”

“{他|tā} {没有|méiyǒu} {车|chē}.”

2

Non-existence

Expressing that something does not exist in a place.

“{冰箱|bīngxiāng} {里|lǐ} {没有|méiyǒu} {牛奶|niúnǎi}.”

“{这|zhè} {附近|fùjìn} {没有|méiyǒu} {银行|yínháng}.”

3

Past negation

Used to negate an action that did not happen in the past.

“{我|wǒ} {没有|méiyǒu} {去|qù} {学校|xuéxiào}.”

“{他|tā} {没有|méiyǒu} {吃|chī} {早饭|zǎofàn}.”

Reference Table

Reference table for 소유의 부정: '~이 없다'라고 말하기 (没有)
주어 부정어 목적어 한국어 뜻
{我|wǒ}
{没有|méiyǒu}
{钱|qián}
나는 돈이 없어요.
{你|nǐ}
{没|méi}
{电|diàn}
너 배터리 없구나.
{他|tā}
{没有|méiyǒu}
{女朋友|nǚpéngyǒu}
그는 여자친구가 없어요.
{我们|wǒmen}
{没有|méiyǒu}
{纸巾|zhǐjīn}
우리 휴지 없어요.
{手机|shǒujī}
{没|méi}
{信号|xìnhào}
휴대폰 신호가 안 잡혀요.
{这里|zhèlǐ}
{没有|méiyǒu}
{Wi-Fi|Wi-Fi}
여기는 와이파이가 없어요.

격식 수준 스펙트럼

격식체
我没有时间。

我没有时间。 (Declining an invitation.)

중립
我没有时间。

我没有时间。 (Declining an invitation.)

비격식체
我没时间。

我没时间。 (Declining an invitation.)

속어
没空。

没空。 (Declining an invitation.)

중국어의 소유 부정하기

{没有|méiyǒu}

구체적인 물건

  • {钱|qián}
  • {手机|shǒujī} 휴대폰

추상적인 개념

  • {时间|shíjiān} 시간
  • {问题|wèntí} 질문/문제

Bù vs. Méi 비교

일반 동사 (먹다, 가다, 좋아하다)
{不吃|bù chī} 안 먹는다
{不去|bù qù} 안 간다
'있다' 동사 (Yǒu)
{没有|méiyǒu} 없다
{没钱|méi qián} 돈 없다

어떤 부정어를 쓸까요?

1

동사가 'yǒu'(있다)인가요?

YES
'méiyǒu'를 쓰세요
NO
다음 질문으로
2

현재의 습관이나 사실인가요?

YES
'bù'를 쓰세요
NO ↓

우리가 자주 '없다'고 하는 것들

📱

IT/기술 문제

  • {没电|méi diàn}
  • {没信号|méi xìnhào}
  • {没流量|méi liúliàng}

사회 생활

  • {没时间|méi shíjiān}
  • {没朋友|méi péngyǒu}
  • {没意见|méi yìjiàn}

수준별 예문

1

{我|wǒ} {没有|méiyǒu} {钱|qián}.

I don't have money.

2

{他|tā} {没有|méiyǒu} {书|shū}.

He doesn't have a book.

3

{我|wǒ} {没有|méiyǒu} {水|shuǐ}.

I don't have water.

4

{这儿|zhèr} {没有|méiyǒu} {人|rén}.

There is no one here.

1

{我|wǒ} {没有|méiyǒu} {去|qù} {北京|běijīng}.

I didn't go to Beijing.

2

{她|tā} {没有|méiyǒu} {看|kàn} {电影|diànyǐng}.

She didn't watch the movie.

3

{我们|wǒmen} {没有|méiyǒu} {时间|shíjiān}.

We don't have time.

4

{冰箱|bīngxiāng} {里|lǐ} {没有|méiyǒu} {苹果|píngguǒ}.

There are no apples in the fridge.

1

{他|tā} {没有|méiyǒu} {做|zuò} {完|wán} {作业|zuòyè}.

He hasn't finished his homework.

2

{我|wǒ} {没有|méiyǒu} {听|tīng} {懂|dǒng} {他|tā} {的|de} {话|huà}.

I didn't understand what he said.

3

{这|zhè} {个|gè} {计划|jìhuà} {没有|méiyǒu} {成功|chénggōng}.

This plan didn't succeed.

4

{他|tā} {没有|méiyǒu} {买|mǎi} {到|dào} {票|piào}.

He didn't manage to buy a ticket.

1

{他|tā} {没有|méiyǒu} {我|wǒ} {那么|nàme} {高|gāo}.

He is not as tall as me.

2

{这|zhè} {件|jiàn} {衣服|yīfu} {没有|méiyǒu} {那|nà} {件|jiàn} {好看|hǎokàn}.

This shirt is not as good-looking as that one.

3

{我|wǒ} {没有|méiyǒu} {预料|yùliào} {到|dào} {会|huì} {下雨|xiàyǔ}.

I didn't expect it to rain.

4

{他|tā} {没有|méiyǒu} {任何|rènhé} {借口|jièkǒu}.

He doesn't have any excuses.

1

{我|wǒ} {没有|méiyǒu} {什么|shénme} {特别|tèbié} {的|de} {要求|yāoqiú}.

I don't have any special requests.

2

{他|tā} {没有|méiyǒu} {丝毫|sīháo} {的|de} {犹豫|yóuyù}.

He didn't have the slightest hesitation.

3

{这|zhè} {种|zhǒng} {情况|qíngkuàng} {没有|méiyǒu} {先例|xiānlì}.

This situation has no precedent.

4

{我|wǒ} {没有|méiyǒu} {理由|lǐyóu} {拒绝|jùjué} {他|tā}.

I have no reason to refuse him.

1

{他|tā} {之|zhī} {所以|suǒyǐ} {成功|chénggōng}, {是|shì} {因为|yīnwèi} {他|tā} {没有|méiyǒu} {放弃|fàngqì}.

The reason he succeeded is because he didn't give up.

2

{这|zhè} {项|xiàng} {研究|yánjiū} {没有|méiyǒu} {得到|dédào} {足够|zúgòu} {的|de} {支持|zhīchí}.

This research did not receive enough support.

3

{我|wǒ} {没有|méiyǒu} {任何|rènhé} {意图|yìtú} {冒犯|màofàn} {您|nín}.

I have no intention of offending you.

4

{他|tā} {表现|biǎoxiàn} {得|de} {好像|hǎoxiàng} {什么|shénme} {都|dōu} {没有|méiyǒu} {发生|fāshēng} {一样|yīyàng}.

He acted as if nothing had happened.

혼동하기 쉬운

Negative Possession: How to say 'I don't have' (没有) 不 vs 没有

Learners mix up when to use 'bù' and 'méiyǒu'.

Negative Possession: How to say 'I don't have' (没有) 没有 vs 没

Learners don't know if they can drop 'yǒu'.

Negative Possession: How to say 'I don't have' (没有) 没有 vs 不在

Learners use 'méiyǒu' for location of people.

자주 하는 실수

我不有书

我没有书

Never use 'bù' with 'yǒu'.

我没书

我没有书

While 'méi' is used, 'méiyǒu' is the standard form.

没有我钱

我没有钱

Word order is Subject + Verb + Object.

我没有去学校吗

我没有去学校

Don't add 'ma' to a negative statement unless it's a question.

他没有吃

他没吃

In past negation, 'méi' is often preferred over 'méiyǒu'.

这儿不有水

这儿没有水

Again, 'bù' cannot negate existence.

我没有是老师

我不是老师

Use 'bù' for 'to be' (shì), not 'méiyǒu'.

我没有想去

我不想去

Use 'bù' for desire/intent.

他没有高

他没那么高

Comparative negation requires 'nàme'.

我没有看电影了

我没看电影

Don't use 'le' with 'méiyǒu'.

没有理由不去做

没有理由不去

Redundant 'zuò' is unnecessary.

他没有有钱

他没钱

Double 'yǒu' is incorrect.

没有谁知道

没人知道

Use 'méirén' for 'no one'.

문장 패턴

我没有___。

___里没有___。

我没有去___。

他没有我___。

Real World Usage

Texting constant

我没钱了。

Ordering food very common

我没有菜单。

Travel common

我没有护照。

Job interview occasional

我没有经验。

Social media common

我没有票。

Classroom very common

我没有书。

⚠️

황금 규칙

bù yǒu라고 말하는 건 초보자들이 가장 많이 하는 실수예요! 원어민에겐 아주 어색하게 들리니 꼭 «我没有书。»처럼 말하세요.
🎯

한 글자 지름길

빠르고 편하게 말하고 싶을 땐 (친구랑 카톡할 때처럼요!) 그냥 «没 (méi)»만 써보세요. 훨씬 원어민 같아 보여요. «我没钱。»
💬

부드러운 거절

누군가 무언가를 권할 때 딱딱하게 '안 해요'라고 하기보다 «没有»를 써서 '필요 없어요'라고 부드럽게 거절할 수 있어요. «我没有这个需要。»

Smart Tips

Always use 'méiyǒu'.

我不有车 我没有车

Drop the 'yǒu' to 'méi'.

我没有时间 我没时间

Use 'méiyǒu' to negate completed actions.

我不去 我没有去

Use 'méiyǒu' to say 'not as'.

他不高 他没有那么高

발음

méi-yǒu

Tone change

Méi is second tone, but it is often pronounced quickly.

Falling

我没有钱 ↘

Statement of fact.

암기하기

기억법

Think of 'méiyǒu' as 'May-Yo'. 'May I have some?' 'No, you don't have any!'

시각적 연상

Imagine an empty wallet with the word 'méiyǒu' written on it in big, bold letters.

Rhyme

If you don't have it, don't be slow, just say the words méi-yǒu.

Story

I went to the store to buy bread. I checked my pocket, but I had no money. I told the clerk, 'Wǒ méiyǒu qián'. He looked at the shelf, but there was no bread. He said, 'Zhèr méiyǒu miànbāo'.

Word Web

没有时间

챌린지

Look around your room and list 3 things you don't have using 'Wǒ méiyǒu...'.

문화 노트

Very direct. Using 'méiyǒu' is standard and not considered rude.

Often use 'méiyǒu' in a slightly softer tone, sometimes just 'méi'.

Often use 'móuh' (no) which maps directly to 'méiyǒu'.

Derived from the negation 'méi' and the verb 'yǒu'.

대화 시작하기

你有车吗?

你昨天去学校了吗?

冰箱里有牛奶吗?

你有任何问题吗?

일기 주제

Write about 3 things you don't have in your bag.
Describe a place you visited that had nothing interesting.
Explain why you didn't finish a task yesterday.
Compare your current city to your hometown using 'méiyǒu'.

자주 하는 실수

Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답

Test Yourself

빈칸에 알맞은 부정어를 고르세요.

{我___钱。|Wǒ ___ qián.}

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: { beach 没有|méiyǒu}
(있다)를 부정할 때는 반드시 没有를 써야 해요. 와 절대 같이 쓸 수 없답니다.
문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 바르게 고쳐보세요.

{我不有你的手机号码。|Wǒ bù yǒu nǐ de shǒujī hàomǎ.}

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我没有你的手机号码。|Wǒ méiyǒu nǐ de shǒujī hàomǎ.}
不有는 중국어에 없는 표현이에요. 소유를 부정할 때는 没有가 정답입니다.
'그는 팔로워가 없어요'라는 문장이 되도록 단어를 나열하세요.

단어를 조합하세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {他没有粉丝|Tā méiyǒu fěnsī}
중국어 문장 순서는 주어(그) + 부정어(없다) + 목적어(팔로워) 순이에요.

Score: /3

연습 문제

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

我___钱。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 没有
Use 'méiyǒu' for possession.
Choose the correct sentence. 객관식

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我没有车
Correct SVO order.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

我不有时间。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我没有时间
Never use 'bù' with 'yǒu'.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

没有 / 钱 / 我

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我没有钱
Subject-Verb-Object.
Translate to Chinese. 번역

I don't have a book.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我没有书
Standard negation.
Match the negation. Match Pairs

Match the meaning.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
All are correct.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Use 'méiyǒu' and 'shíjiān'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我没有时间
Correct structure.
Choose the correct past negation. 객관식

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我没有去
Correct past negation.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

7 exercises
빈칸을 채우세요. 빈칸 채우기

{这里___ Wi-Fi。|Zhèlǐ ___ Wi-Fi.}

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {没|méi}
'나는 시간이 없어요'를 중국어로 써보세요. 번역

중국어로 번역하세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我没有时间|Wǒ méiyǒu shíjiān}
어떤 문장이 자연스러울까요? 객관식

가장 자연스러운 문장을 고르세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我手机没电了。|Wǒ shǒujī méi diàn le.}
문장을 고쳐보세요. Error Correction

{咖啡厅不有牛奶。|Kāfēitīng bù yǒu niúnǎi.}

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {咖啡厅没有牛奶。|Kāfēitīng méiyǒu niúnǎi.}
중국어와 한국어 뜻을 연결하세요. Match Pairs

짝을 맞추세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ...
단어 순서를 맞추세요. Sentence Reorder

순서대로 나열: {水|shuǐ}, {我|wǒ}, {没|méi}

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我没水|Wǒ méi shuǐ}
이 문장을 부정문으로 만드세요: {他有女朋友。|Tā yǒu nǚpéngyǒu.} 빈칸 채우기

{他___女朋友。|Tā ___ nǚpéngyǒu.}

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {没有|méiyǒu}

Score: /7

자주 묻는 질문 (8)

No, never. It is grammatically incorrect. Always use 'méiyǒu'.

Yes, 'méi' is a short form of 'méiyǒu'. It is common in casual speech.

Use 'yǒu...ma?'. For example: 'Nǐ yǒu qián ma?'

Yes, it means 'there is no'. Example: 'Zhèr méiyǒu rén' (There is no one here).

It is neutral and standard. It is used in all situations.

No, it is the same for 'I', 'you', 'he', 'she', etc.

No, 'le' is for completed actions, and 'méiyǒu' negates that. They don't go together.

You can add 'rènhé' (any) or just use 'méiyǒu'.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

No tener

Spanish conjugates the verb; Chinese does not.

French moderate

Ne pas avoir

French uses 'ne...pas' while Chinese uses a single unit.

German moderate

Nicht haben

German word order is more flexible.

Japanese partial

Nai

Chinese puts the negator before the object.

Arabic moderate

La amlak

Arabic uses prefixes for person.

Chinese high

没有

None.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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