A2 verb 중립 1분 분량

缺少

/tɕʰjweɪ˨˩ ʂɑʊ˨˩/
Practice it

Use 'quēshǎo' when something is missing or insufficient, whether tangible or intangible.

30초 단어

  • Means to lack or be without something.
  • Used for both concrete and abstract things.
  • Common in daily life and work contexts.

Overview

缺少 (quēshǎo) 是一个非常基础且常用的动词，意思是“缺乏”、“没有”或“不足”。它表示某人或某物在拥有、得到或包含某样东西方面存在空缺。这个词可以用于描述物质上的缺失，也可以用于描述抽象概念上的不足，例如时间、能力、支持等。在日常交流中，理解和使用“缺少”能够帮助我们更准确地表达需求和情况。

“缺少”通常用作及物动词，后面直接跟名词或名词性短语，表示所缺失的对象。例如：缺少时间、缺少人手、缺少经验。它也可以用于描述一种状态，即“处于缺少某物的状态”。在某些情况下，它也可以不直接跟宾语，表示一种普遍性的不足。

**日常生活**

描述日常用品、资源或时间上的不足。例如：“我缺少一些零钱。”“我们缺少做晚饭的食材。” 2. 工作场合: 谈论技能、人员或资源的短缺。例如：“这位员工缺少实践经验。”“公司缺少一名专业的程序员。” 3. 人际关系/情感: 表达情感或支持上的缺失。例如：“他缺少家人的关爱。”“她感到缺少安全感。” 4. 抽象概念: 指代时间、机会或其他非物质事物的不足。例如：“我们缺少进一步调查的时间。”“这次会议缺少一些关键信息。”

**没有 (méiyǒu)**

“没有”是最基础的表示否定存在的词，可以表示“不存在”或“未拥有”。“缺少”则更侧重于“本应有但没有”或“不足”的含义，带有一定的比较或期待意味。例如，“我没有钱”（表示当前不持有金钱），而“我缺少买这本书的钱”（表示钱不够）。

예시

1

我缺少一点零钱。

everyday

I lack a little change.

2

这个计划缺少详细的预算。

formal

This plan lacks a detailed budget.

3

他做事总是缺少一点耐心。

informal

He always lacks a bit of patience when doing things.

4

研究表明，该地区缺少应对自然灾害的预警系统。

academic

Research indicates that the region lacks an early warning system for natural disasters.

자주 쓰는 조합

缺少时间 lack time
缺少经验 lack experience
缺少人手 lack manpower/staff
缺少信心 lack confidence

자주 쓰는 구문

缺少什么

lack what

缺少不了

cannot lack; indispensable

缺少一点

lack a little

자주 혼동되는 단어

缺少 vs 缺乏

'Quēfá' is more formal and often implies a more significant or fundamental deficiency than 'quēshǎo'. While 'quēshǎo' can be used for everyday items, 'quēfá' is more common for abstract qualities or serious shortcomings.

缺少 vs 没有

'Méiyǒu' simply means 'not have' or 'there isn't'. 'Quēshǎo' implies that something is missing or insufficient, often suggesting it should be present or more plentiful.

문법 패턴

缺少 + 名词/名词短语 (e.g., 缺少时间) （某人/某物）缺少 + 名词/名词短语 (e.g., 他缺少耐心) 缺少 + 数量 + 的 + 名词 (e.g., 缺少一点糖)

How to Use It

사용 참고사항

Generally neutral in formality, but can lean slightly more towards informal in everyday conversation compared to 'quēfá'. It's a versatile verb applicable in many situations, from personal needs to professional contexts.

자주 하는 실수

Confusing 'quēshǎo' with 'méiyǒu' when the nuance of 'lack' or 'insufficiency' is intended. Also, using 'quēshǎo' in contexts where 'duǎnquē' (shortage, often large-scale) would be more appropriate.

Tips

💡

Think 'missing piece' for 缺少

Imagine you are assembling something and a piece is missing. That feeling of incompleteness is what 缺少 conveys.

⚠️

Avoid overuse with 'méiyǒu'

While related, 'méiyǒu' (not have) and 'quēshǎo' (lack) have different nuances. Use 'quēshǎo' when emphasizing insufficiency or something that should be present.

🌍

Expressing needs politely

Using 'quēshǎo' can be a polite way to state a need or a problem, framing it as a lack rather than a direct demand or complaint.

어원

The character '缺' (quē) originally depicted a crescent moon, symbolizing something incomplete or missing. '少' (shǎo) means 'few' or 'little'. Together, they clearly convey the meaning of being short of something.

문화적 맥락

In Chinese culture, clearly stating what is lacking ('quēshǎo') can be a direct way to communicate needs, whether asking for help or identifying problems in a project or relationship.

암기 팁

Think of 'quē' ( 缺 ) as a 'hole' or gap, and 'shǎo' ( 少 ) meaning 'few' or 'less'. So, a 'gap' where there should be 'more' – you 'lack' it.

자주 묻는 질문

4 질문

“没有”表示不存在或未拥有，是基础的否定。“缺少”则侧重于“本应有但没有”或“不足”，带有比较或期待的意味。例如，你可以说“我没有笔”，也可以说“我缺少一支笔”来写字。

“缺少”可以跟具体的名词，如“缺少食物”，也可以跟抽象的名词，如“缺少耐心”、“缺少机会”。

在日常口语中，“缺少”更常用。 “缺乏”更书面化，常用于描述更严重或更抽象的不足，如“缺乏经验”。

“缺少”可以指个人或小范围的不足，如“我缺少一点糖”。“短缺”通常指更大范围、更普遍的供应不足，如“药品短缺”。

셀프 테스트

fill blank

我们今天______两位同事，所以工作有点忙。

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답: 缺少

这里指因为少了两个人，所以导致工作忙，用“缺少”表示人数不足。

multiple choice

这个项目______关键的技术人才。

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답: 缺少

“缺少”在这里指人才的不足，是比较常用的搭配。虽然“缺乏”和“短缺”也可以，但“缺少”更口语化且适用。

sentence building

（缺少，时间，我们，学习，很多）

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답: 我们缺少很多学习时间。

这是一个主谓宾结构，主语是“我们”，谓语是“缺少”，宾语是“很多学习时间”。

점수: /3

Related Content

이 단어를 다른 언어로

lack 영어 ～不足 일본어 運動不足の 일본어 寝不足 일본어 부족하다 한국어 अभाव 힌디어 결여 한국어 결여되다 한국어 運動不足 일본어 睡眠不足 일본어

관련 문법 규칙

격식 있는 연결어: 然而, 然, 乃 (그러나 / 사실은 ~이다) C1
사실 인정의 표현 固然...但是... (확실히 ...하지만 ...) B2

관련 표현

不可缺少
단어 네트워크 탐색 (17)

관련 어휘

没有

to not have; there isn't/aren't

 不足

insufficient; not enough

 缺乏

To be without something necessary or desirable; to have an i...

 短缺

A state or situation in which something needed cannot be obt...

academic 관련 단어

缺席

B1

The state of being absent from a place or event where one is expected to be, such as a class, meeting, or ceremony.

抽象的

A2

Abstract.

抽象地

B1

In an abstract manner; conceptually.

艰深

B1

Profound; abstruse; recondite.

学术性

A2

Academic; scholarly; relating to education and scholarship.

学术化

B1

Academic; characterized by formal study or research.

学术会议

A2

Academic conference; a formal meeting for academic discussions.

学术交流

B1

Exchange of ideas, information, and research among scholars.

学术期刊

B1

A periodical publication containing scholarly articles.

教务处

A2

Academic affairs office; department handling educational administration.

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