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A2 adjective #7,000 most common 6 min read

oxidado

Top 7,000

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips oxidado in 30 Seconds

Explanation oxidado in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'oxidado' means 'rusty'. You will mostly use it to describe simple objects like 'una bicicleta' (a bike) or 'una llave' (a key). Remember that if the object is feminine, you say 'oxidada'. You will use the verb 'está' (it is) because it describes how the object looks right now. It's a useful word when you are learning to describe old things in a house or a garden. You don't need to worry about the figurative meaning yet; just focus on the physical color and texture of rust on metal.

At the A2 level, you begin to use 'oxidado' more frequently in descriptions of your surroundings. You should be comfortable with gender and number agreement: 'clavos oxidados' (rusty nails). You also start to encounter the figurative meaning. If you haven't studied Spanish for a few weeks, you can say 'Mi español está un poco oxidado'. This is a very natural way to explain why you might be hesitating. You should also know the noun 'óxido' (rust) and the verb 'oxidar' (to rust), though 'oxidado' is the most common form you will use.

By B1, you should use 'oxidado' confidently in both literal and figurative contexts. You will hear it in conversations about maintenance, sports, and professional skills. You should understand the difference between 'estar oxidado' (to be rusty) and 'oxidarse' (the process of rusting). For example, 'El hierro se oxida con el agua' (Iron rusts with water). You can use it to describe a wide range of situations, from a 'bisagra oxidada' (rusty hinge) that squeaks to a 'mente oxidada' (rusty mind) that needs to solve some puzzles.

At B2, you are expected to use 'oxidado' with more nuance. You might use it in a work environment to describe equipment that needs repair or a process that has become 'rusty' or inefficient. You should also be aware of synonyms like 'corroído' for more technical descriptions. You will likely encounter the word in news articles about infrastructure (like 'puentes oxidados') or in literature where it might symbolize decay or the passage of time. Your use of the word should be grammatically perfect across all gender and number variations.

At the C1 level, 'oxidado' becomes a tool for sophisticated expression. You might use it to describe the 'oxidized' state of a political system or an old-fashioned way of thinking. You understand the subtle connotations of the word—how it implies not just age, but neglect. You can use it in complex sentence structures: 'A pesar de estar algo oxidado por la falta de uso, su talento para el dibujo seguía siendo evidente'. You are also familiar with related terms like 'antioxidante' in the context of health and chemistry.

At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'oxidado'. You can use it in highly abstract or poetic ways. You might use it to describe a 'voz oxidada' (a rusty or gravelly voice) or the 'engranajes oxidados de la burocracia' (the rusty gears of bureaucracy). You understand the etymological roots and can discuss the chemical process of oxidation using the verb 'oxidar' in all its tenses. You can distinguish between 'oxidado', 'corroído', 'herrumbroso', and 'veteado', choosing the exact word that fits the literary or technical context.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

oxidado in 30 Seconds

Oxidado means rusty, used for metal objects like nails or cars.
It is also used figuratively to mean 'out of practice' with a skill.
It must agree in gender and number with the noun (oxidado/a/os/as).
It is usually used with the verb 'estar' to describe a current state.

The Spanish word oxidado is an adjective that primarily describes a physical state: when metal has reacted with oxygen and moisture to form rust. In a literal sense, you will encounter this word when talking about old tools, abandoned cars, or ancient iron gates that have turned a characteristic reddish-brown color. However, its utility in the Spanish language extends far beyond the scrapyard. Like its English counterpart 'rusty,' it is frequently used metaphorically to describe a person's skills or knowledge that have deteriorated due to lack of use. If you haven't spoken Spanish in three years, you might tell a friend that your conversation skills are un poco oxidadas. This dual nature makes it a vital word for both descriptive and figurative communication.

Literal Application: Used to describe chemical oxidation on ferrous metals. It implies age, neglect, or exposure to harsh elements like salt air or rain.
Figurative Application: Used to describe cognitive or physical skills that are no longer sharp. Common in academic, professional, and sports contexts.

Ten cuidado con ese clavo oxidado; podrías lastimarte.

When using oxidado, it is crucial to remember that it functions as a standard adjective, meaning it must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. A bicycle is oxidada (feminine), while a bolt is oxidado (masculine). In a professional setting, a programmer might say their knowledge of a specific coding language is oxidado if they haven't used it since university. This versatility is why the word appears so early in the CEFR curriculum (A2); it bridges the gap between simple physical description and more complex self-expression regarding one's abilities.

Mi nivel de francés está algo oxidado porque no lo practico desde el colegio.

Las tuberías de esta casa antigua están totalmente oxidadas.

Industrial Context: In manufacturing, an 'oxidado' component is usually a sign of failure or a need for maintenance.

Using oxidado correctly requires attention to the verb that accompanies it. Most often, you will use it with the verb estar because oxidation is generally viewed as a state or condition that has resulted from a process, rather than an inherent quality. For example, you wouldn't say a car es oxidado (implying its essence is rust); you would say está oxidado (it has become rusty over time). This distinction is vital for learners to master, as using ser can sound quite unnatural to native speakers.

El puente de hierro está muy oxidado por la humedad del mar.

In terms of placement, oxidado usually follows the noun. While Spanish allows for adjectives to precede nouns for poetic effect, doing so with oxidado is rare unless you are writing literature. In everyday speech, keep it after the noun: una herramienta oxidada. If you are describing a skill, the subject is often the skill itself: Mi piano está oxidado (My piano playing is rusty). Interestingly, you can also use it to describe people directly in a humorous or self-deprecating way: Estoy oxidado (I'm rusty/out of shape).

Agreement Rules: Masculine Singular: oxidado | Feminine Singular: oxidada | Masculine Plural: oxidados | Feminine Plural: oxidadas.

Necesitamos cambiar estas bisagras oxidadas antes de que se rompan.

Después de las vacaciones, mis dedos se sentían oxidados al escribir en el teclado.

You will hear oxidado in a variety of real-world scenarios. In a hardware store (ferretería), a customer might ask for a product to clean an objeto oxidado. In coastal regions, where the salt air accelerates corrosion, the word is part of daily vocabulary regarding home maintenance and car care. Mechanics frequently use it when explaining why a part won't budge: El tornillo está oxidado y no sale (The screw is rusty and won't come out).

Esa cadena está tan oxidada que se va a romper si tiras fuerte.

Beyond the physical, the word is a staple in the world of sports and hobbies. A commentator might say a player looks oxidado after returning from a long injury layoff, meaning they lack their usual rhythm and timing. In the workplace, a manager might suggest a 'refresher course' for employees whose skills have become oxidadas. It is also common in educational settings when students return from summer break. If you are watching a Spanish TV drama, you might hear a detective describe an old crime scene by noting the muebles oxidados or a puerta oxidada that creaks loudly.

Common Settings: Workshops, construction sites, gyms, language schools, and antique shops.

One of the most frequent errors for English speakers is forgetting that oxidado is an adjective that must change form. It is tempting to use 'oxidado' for everything, but la llave (the key) requires oxidada. Another mistake is using oxidado to describe things that are just dirty or old but not actually metallic. If a wooden table is old and decaying, you should use podrido (rotten) or viejo (old), not oxidado. Oxidation is specific to metal or the metaphorical 'rust' of skills.

Incorrecto: Las sillas son oxidado.
Correcto: Las sillas están oxidadas.

Learners also sometimes confuse oxidado with sucio (dirty). While a rusty object might look dirty, the words are not interchangeable. Oxidado implies a chemical change and structural damage, whereas sucio just means there is grime on the surface. Finally, be careful with the verb ser. As mentioned before, ser oxidado is grammatically possible but semantically strange in 99% of cases. Always default to estar when describing the current condition of an object.

Confusion with 'Roto': Sometimes students say 'oxidado' when they mean 'roto' (broken). An object can be rusty but still work, or it can be broken without being rusty.

Depending on the context, you might want to use a more specific or more sophisticated word than oxidado. If you are talking about intense corrosion that has eaten away at the metal, corroído (corroded) is a stronger and more technical term. If the object is covered in a specific type of dark rust or grime often found on old iron, herrumbroso is a beautiful, more literary adjective to use.

Corroído vs. Oxidado: 'Oxidado' is the general term for rust. 'Corroído' suggests the metal is actually disintegrating or losing its structural integrity.
Desentrenado vs. Oxidado: When talking about skills, 'desentrenado' (out of practice/untrained) is a more formal alternative to the colloquial 'oxidado'.

In some Latin American countries, you might hear enmohecido, which technically means 'moldy' but is occasionally used for metal that has developed a 'mold-like' layer of oxidation (though this is less common than oxidado). If you want to describe someone who is physically stiff or out of shape, anquilosado is a very advanced word that implies a more permanent or severe 'rusting' of the joints or mind.

El metal estaba tan corroído que se deshacía entre mis manos.

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The root 'oxys' is the same one used in 'oxygen' because early chemists thought oxygen was necessary to produce all acids.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /ɒk.sɪˈda.ðo/

US /ak.sɪˈda.ðo/

The stress is on the third syllable: ox-i-DA-do.

Rhymes With

Cuidado Lado Pescado Canalizado Enamorado Pasado Cansado Dibujado

Common Errors

Pronouncing the 'x' as just 's'
Hardening the 'd' sounds too much
Forgetting the final 'o' changes for gender
Stressing the first syllable
Ignoring the 'i' sound

Difficulty Rating

Reading 2/5

Easy to recognize due to its similarity to 'oxygen' and 'oxidize'.

Writing 3/5

Must remember gender/number agreement and the 'x' spelling.

Speaking 3/5

Soft 'd' sounds and 'x' pronunciation require practice.

Listening 2/5

Common word that is usually clear in context.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

metal viejo estar limpiar romper

Learn Next

corroído mantenimiento pulir brillante desgaste

Advanced

herrumbre anquilosado obsoleto desuso deterioro

Grammar to Know

Adjective-Noun Agreement

Las llaves (fem/pl) oxidadas (fem/pl).

Ser vs Estar

Usa 'estar' para estados temporales como estar oxidado.

Past Participles as Adjectives

Oxidado comes from the verb oxidar.

Placement of Adjectives

Usually after the noun: 'el metal oxidado'.

Adverbs of Degree

Usa 'bastante', 'muy' o 'un poco' antes de oxidado.

Examples by Level

La llave está oxidada.

The key is rusty.

Feminine singular agreement.

El coche es viejo y está oxidado.

The car is old and is rusty.

Masculine singular agreement.

Tengo una bicicleta oxidada.

I have a rusty bicycle.

Adjective follows the noun.

Ese clavo está oxidado.

That nail is rusty.

Use of 'estar' for a state.

Las tijeras están oxidadas.

The scissors are rusty.

Feminine plural agreement.

El metal está oxidado.

The metal is rusty.

Basic subject-verb-adjective.

No toques eso, está oxidado.

Don't touch that, it's rusty.

Imperative + state description.

Mi juguete está oxidado.

My toy is rusty.

Possessive adjective + noun + state.

Mi español está un poco oxidado.

My Spanish is a bit rusty.

Figurative use for skills.

La puerta hace ruido porque está oxidada.

The door makes noise because it is rusty.

Cause and effect with 'porque'.

Encontré unos tornillos oxidados en el garaje.

I found some rusty screws in the garage.

Masculine plural agreement.

Necesito limpiar este sartén oxidado.

I need to clean this rusty pan.

Infinitive + object + adjective.

Las herramientas del abuelo están oxidadas.

Grandpa's tools are rusty.

Plural agreement.

El candado está tan oxidado que no abre.

The padlock is so rusty that it won't open.

Use of 'tan... que' (so... that).

No quiero usar esa lata oxidada.

I don't want to use that rusty can.

Negative preference.

Tu técnica de baile está algo oxidada.

Your dancing technique is somewhat rusty.

Figurative use with 'algo'.

Si dejas las herramientas fuera, se quedarán oxidadas.

If you leave the tools outside, they will end up rusty.

Conditional sentence.

Me siento oxidado después de no jugar al tenis por meses.

I feel rusty after not playing tennis for months.

Reflexive 'sentirse' + adjective.

Ese puente de hierro está peligrosamente oxidado.

That iron bridge is dangerously rusty.

Adverb modifying an adjective.

Las tuberías oxidadas contaminaron el agua.

The rusty pipes contaminated the water.

Preterite tense with adjective.

A pesar de estar oxidado, el motor todavía funciona.

Despite being rusty, the engine still works.

Concessive clause 'A pesar de'.

Ella dice que sus habilidades de piano están oxidadas.

She says her piano skills are rusty.

Indirect speech.

El clima húmedo hace que el metal se ponga oxidado rápido.

The humid weather makes the metal get rusty fast.

Subjunctive structure after 'hace que'.

Vimos muchos barcos oxidados en el puerto abandonado.

We saw many rusty ships in the abandoned port.

Descriptive plural.

La estructura está tan oxidada que requiere una reforma total.

The structure is so rusty that it requires a total renovation.

Intensive result clause.

Llevo años sin conducir, así que estoy bastante oxidado.

I haven't driven in years, so I'm quite rusty.

'Llevar' + time + 'sin' + infinitive.

El detective notó el rastro de metal oxidado en el suelo.

The detective noticed the trail of rusty metal on the floor.

Detailed narrative description.

Es normal estar oxidado al principio de la temporada.

It's normal to be rusty at the beginning of the season.

Impersonal 'es normal' + infinitive.

Las piezas oxidadas fueron reemplazadas por unas nuevas de acero.

The rusty parts were replaced by new steel ones.

Passive voice.

Su razonamiento parece un poco oxidado y anticuado.

His reasoning seems a bit rusty and outdated.

Abstract metaphorical use.

Había una verja oxidada que impedía el paso al jardín.

There was a rusty gate that blocked the way to the garden.

Imperfect tense description.

Si no practicas, te quedarás oxidado muy pronto.

If you don't practice, you will get rusty very soon.

Future tense with 'quedarse'.

El sistema burocrático, oxidado por décadas de inacción, colapsó.

The bureaucratic system, rusted by decades of inaction, collapsed.

Metaphorical use in formal writing.

Sus reflejos, antaño rápidos, ahora se mostraban oxidados.

His reflexes, once fast, now appeared rusty.

Reflexive 'mostrarse' as a linking verb.

La ciudad exhibía sus monumentos oxidados como trofeos del pasado.

The city displayed its rusty monuments as trophies of the past.

Literary personification/description.

Resulta evidente que su técnica pictórica está algo oxidada.

It is evident that his painting technique is somewhat rusty.

Impersonal 'resulta evidente'.

El barco, con su casco oxidado, crujió contra el muelle.

The ship, with its rusty hull, creaked against the dock.

Prepositional phrase as adjective.

No permitas que tu mente se quede oxidada; sigue aprendiendo.

Don't allow your mind to get rusty; keep learning.

Negative imperative with subjunctive.

Las vigas oxidadas ponían en riesgo la integridad del edificio.

The rusty beams put the integrity of the building at risk.

Technical/Structural context.

Tras el retiro, muchos deportistas se sienten oxidados físicamente.

After retirement, many athletes feel physically rusty.

Adverbial modifier 'físicamente'.

La pátina de tiempo había dejado un rastro oxidado en su memoria.

The patina of time had left a rusty trail in his memory.

Highly abstract/poetic use.

Los engranajes oxidados del poder giran con exasperante lentitud.

The rusty gears of power turn with exasperating slowness.

Political metaphor.

Su voz sonaba oxidada, como si no hubiera hablado en siglos.

His voice sounded rusty, as if he hadn't spoken in centuries.

Simile with 'como si'.

El metal oxidado desprendía un olor acre y metálico.

The rusty metal gave off a pungent, metallic smell.

Sensory description.

La legislación actual está oxidada y no responde a las necesidades modernas.

Current legislation is rusty and does not respond to modern needs.

Metaphor for obsolescence.

Bajo la superficie brillante latía un corazón oxidado por el rencor.

Beneath the shiny surface beat a heart rusted by resentment.

Emotional metaphor.

El invierno dejó un paisaje de hierros oxidados y nieve sucia.

Winter left a landscape of rusty irons and dirty snow.

Atmospheric description.

Es imperativo tratar el metal antes de que quede irremediablemente oxidado.

It is imperative to treat the metal before it becomes irremediably rusty.

Complex adverbial modification.

Synonyms

herrumbroso corroído desentrenado anticuado enmohecido deteriorado veteado sucio

Antonyms

nuevo brillante ágil limpio

Common Collocations

estar oxidado

clavo oxidado

un poco oxidado

metal oxidado

totalmente oxidado

hierro oxidado

sentirse oxidado

quedarse oxidado

herramientas oxidadas

proceso oxidado

Common Phrases

¡Estoy oxidado!

— I'm out of practice!

No he jugado en años, ¡estoy oxidado!

Cuidado con el óxido

— Watch out for the rust.

Esa verja es vieja; cuidado con el óxido.

Metal oxidado

— Rusty metal.

El suelo estaba lleno de metal oxidado.

Voz oxidada

— A gravelly or unused voice.

Tenía una voz oxidada por el tabaco.

Tornillo oxidado

— A stuck, rusty screw.

No puedo quitar este tornillo oxidado.

Cerradura oxidada

— A rusty lock that won't turn.

La cerradura oxidada no giraba.

Habilidades oxidadas

— Skills that need practice.

Tengo mis habilidades de cocina oxidadas.

Cadena oxidada

— A rusty chain.

La cadena oxidada de la bici se rompió.

Cuchillo oxidado

— A rusty knife.

No cortes el pan con ese cuchillo oxidado.

Cuerpo oxidado

— Feeling stiff or out of shape.

Tengo el cuerpo oxidado de estar sentado.

Often Confused With

oxidado vs sucio

Dirty is surface grime; oxidado is chemical decay.

oxidado vs viejo

Old things aren't always rusty, and new things can rust quickly.

oxidado vs roto

Something can be rusty but still functional (not broken).

Idioms & Expressions

"Estar más oxidado que un clavo viejo"

— To be extremely out of practice.

Después de diez años, estoy más oxidado que un clavo viejo.

informal

"Tener la mente oxidada"

— To be slow at thinking or learning.

Perdona, tengo la mente oxidada hoy.

neutral

"Sacudirse el óxido"

— To start practicing again to get better.

Necesito sacudirme el óxido y volver a entrenar.

colloquial

"Pieza oxidada del sistema"

— An obsolete part of a larger organization.

Él es una pieza oxidada del sistema.

metaphorical

"Amor oxidado"

— A relationship that has faded or decayed.

Su relación era un amor oxidado por el tiempo.

poetic

"Engranajes oxidados"

— Slow or inefficient processes.

Los engranajes oxidados de la ley tardan en moverse.

formal

"Voz de hierro oxidado"

— A very harsh, unpleasant voice.

Habló con una voz de hierro oxidado.

literary

"Talento oxidado"

— Natural ability that hasn't been used.

Aún tiene un talento oxidado para el dibujo.

neutral

"Memoria oxidada"

— Difficulty remembering things.

Mi memoria está algo oxidada para las fechas.

neutral

"Bisagra oxidada"

— Someone who complains a lot (metaphorical).

Deja de quejarte, pareces una bisagra oxidada.

slang

Easily Confused

oxidado vs enmohecido

Both imply decay.

Enmohecido is for mold/fungus; oxidado is for metal rust.

El pan está enmohecido; el clavo está oxidado.

oxidado vs corroído

Very similar meanings.

Corroído is more severe and structural.

El ácido dejó el metal corroído.

oxidado vs gastado

Both mean 'worn out'.

Gastado is from use; oxidado is from neglect/reaction.

Mis zapatos están gastados.

oxidado vs picado

Used for metal with small holes.

Picado refers to the pitting caused by rust.

La chapa del coche está picada.

oxidado vs descolorido

Both change the look of an object.

Descolorido is just color loss; oxidado is a chemical change.

La camiseta está descolorida.

Sentence Patterns

[Noun] está oxidado.

El clavo está oxidado.

Tengo [Noun] oxidado.

Tengo un martillo oxidado.

Mi [Skill] está un poco oxidado.

Mi francés está un poco oxidado.

Se puso oxidado por [Reason].

Se puso oxidado por la lluvia.

A pesar de estar oxidado, [Clause].

A pesar de estar oxidado, el motor funciona.

[Abstract Noun] oxidado por [Cause].

El sistema está oxidado por la corrupción.

Sentirse oxidado tras [Time].

Me siento oxidado tras diez años de retiro.

La pátina de [Noun] oxidado.

La pátina de hierro oxidado cubría la estatua.

Word Family

Nouns

el óxido (rust)

la oxidación (oxidation)

el antioxidante (antioxidant)

Verbs

oxidar (to rust/oxidize)

oxidarse (to get rusty)

Adjectives

oxidado (rusty)

oxidable (oxidisable)

antioxidante (antioxidant)

el hierro

el metal

la humedad

la herrumbre

la corrosión

How to Use It

frequency

Very common in both literal and figurative speech.

Common Mistakes

La clavo oxidado → El clavo oxidado
Clavo is masculine.
Estoy oxidada (said by a man) → Estoy oxidado
Adjectives must match the speaker's gender when referring to themselves.
El metal es oxidado → El metal está oxidado
Rust is a state, so use 'estar'.
Mi español es oxidado → Mi español está oxidado
Skills use 'estar' to indicate a current condition.
Una mesa de madera oxidada → Una mesa de madera vieja
Wood doesn't rust; it rots or gets old.

Tips

Gender Check

Always look at the object. 'La bicicleta' is feminine, so 'oxidada'. 'El coche' is masculine, so 'oxidado'.

Metaphorical Power

Use it to describe your language skills. It makes you sound more like a native speaker.

Health Warning

In Spanish, 'clavo oxidado' is often associated with the need for a 'tétanos' (tetanus) shot.

Soft D

Practice the '-ado' ending by barely touching your tongue to your teeth.

Spelling

Remember the 'x'. It's one of the few common Spanish words with an 'x' in the middle.

Coastal Life

If you live near the sea, you'll use this word every week.

Be Precise

If the metal is literally falling apart, use 'corroído' instead.

Ox-ygen

Link 'oxidado' to 'oxygen' to remember it means 'oxidized/rusty'.

Slurred D

Don't be confused if you hear 'oxidao'; it's just a dialectal variation of 'oxidado'.

Not just metal

Remember you can use it for fruit like apples!

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of an OX (oxidado) eating a metal fence until it turns brown and 'oxidado'.

Visual Association

Imagine a bright red 'X' painted over a brown, rusty car. The 'X' stands for oXidado.

Word Web

metal agua viejo habilidades práctica marrón hierro herramientas

Challenge

Try to find three things in your house that are 'oxidadas' and name them in Spanish.

Word Origin

From the Spanish verb 'oxidar', which comes from the French 'oxyder'. This ultimately traces back to the Greek 'oxys', meaning 'sharp' or 'acid'.

Original meaning: To turn into an oxide.

Romance (Indo-European).

Cultural Context

No specific sensitivities; it is a neutral descriptive term.

Directly equivalent to 'rusty' in both literal and figurative senses.

'El Hombre de Hojalata' (The Tin Man) in The Wizard of Oz is often described as 'oxidado'. Songs about 'corazones oxidados' (rusty hearts) in Spanish rock. The concept of 'hierro oxidado' in industrial art.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

In the garage

Tornillo oxidado
Herramientas oxidadas
Grasa para el óxido
Quitar lo oxidado

Language learning

Mi español está oxidado
Necesito practicar
Se me olvidan las palabras
Estoy un poco oxidado

At the beach

El salitre oxida todo
Sillas oxidadas
Barco oxidado
Verja oxidada

Sports

Primer partido, estoy oxidado
Falta de ritmo
Músculos oxidados
Volver a entrenar

Antiques

Pátina oxidada
Hierro antiguo
No es suciedad, es óxido
Valor histórico

Conversation Starters

"¿Tienes algún objeto oxidado en tu casa que quieras arreglar?"

"¿En qué habilidad te sientes más oxidado últimamente?"

"¿Crees que un coche oxidado puede ser arte?"

"¿Qué haces para no sentirte oxidado en tu trabajo?"

"¿Prefieres las cosas brillantes o con un toque oxidado?"

Journal Prompts

Describe un objeto oxidado que viste recientemente. ¿Dónde estaba?

Escribe sobre una habilidad que solías tener pero que ahora está oxidada.

¿Cómo te sientes después de volver a practicar algo en lo que estabas oxidado?

Imagina que eres un robot oxidado en el futuro. Describe tu día.

¿Por qué crees que a la gente le gusta el estilo 'industrial' con metal oxidado?

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

Yes, but only metaphorically to mean they are out of practice or stiff. You wouldn't say a person has literal rust on them.

Usually, yes, as it refers to iron oxide. However, other metals 'oxidize' in different colors (like green for copper), but 'oxidado' in common speech almost always implies the reddish-brown rust of iron.

The correct spelling is 'oxidado'. In some accents (like Southern Spain or the Caribbean), the 'd' is dropped in speech, so it sounds like 'oxidao', but you should always write it with the 'd'.

Yes! It's a very common way to say you're having trouble thinking or haven't used your brain for a while.

For metal, 'limpio' or 'brillante'. For skills, 'ágil' or 'entrenado'.

No, it is an adjective or a past participle. The verb is 'oxidar'.

The noun is 'el óxido'.

Yes, for things like apples or avocados that turn brown when exposed to air. You can say 'la manzana está oxidada'.

Use 'estar' 99% of the time.

Yes, it is considered A2 level, meaning it's a basic necessary word.