A1 Past Tense 13 min read Easy

French Past Participle Agreement: The Secret Extra 'e' (Accord du Participe Passé)

Match the past participle to the direct object only if the object precedes the verb in the sentence.
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

When using the verb 'être' in the past tense, the past participle must match the gender and number of the subject.

  • If the subject is feminine, add an 'e' to the participle: Elle est allé(e).
  • If the subject is plural, add an 's' to the participle: Ils sont allé(s).
  • If the subject is feminine plural, add 'es': Elles sont allé(es).
Subject + être + Participle (+ e/s/es)

Overview

The rule of past participle agreement with the auxiliary verb avoir (l'accord du participe passé avec avoir) is a defining feature of French grammar. At its core, the principle is logical: the past participle, which functions somewhat like an adjective describing a completed action, must agree in gender and number with the direct object of the verb, but only when that direct object appears before the verb in the sentence.

This might seem like an arbitrary complication, but it has deep historical roots. In Vulgar Latin, the ancestor of French, participles functioned as adjectives and always agreed with the nouns they modified. As French evolved, this system simplified.

With avoir, the agreement was kept only in constructions where the object—the thing receiving the action—is introduced first. This creates a forward-linking grammatical structure: we know what we're talking about before we hear the completed action that affected it. For a beginner, the default rule is simple: no agreement.

But mastering this specific condition is a major step toward authentic written and formal French.

Consider the fundamental difference:

  • J'ai écrit une lettre. (I wrote a letter.) Here, the direct object une lettre comes after the verb, so the past participle écrit remains in its default masculine singular form.
  • La lettre que j'ai écrite est pour toi. (The letter that I wrote is for you.) Here, the direct object La lettre is introduced before the verb ai écrite. Therefore, the participle must agree with lettre (feminine, singular), becoming écrite.

Conjugation Table

Gender & Number of Preceding Direct Object Ending to Add Example (mangé → to eat) Example (pris → to take) Example (fini → to finish)
:------------------------------------------- :-------------- :--------------------------- :--------------------------- :-----------------------------
Masculine Singular (e.g., le gâteau) None mangé pris fini
Feminine Singular (e.g., la pomme) -e mangée prise finie
Masculine Plural (e.g., les gâteaux) -s mangés pris finis
Feminine Plural (e.g., les pommes) -es mangées prises finies

How This Grammar Works

In French compound tenses like the passé composé, plus-que-parfait, or futur antérieur, verbs are constructed with an auxiliary (or helping) verb—either avoir or être—followed by the past participle of the main verb. For the vast majority of verbs that use avoir, the rule is straightforward: the past participle never agrees with the subject.
  • Marie a vu un film. (Marie saw a movie.)
  • Paul a vu un film. (Paul saw a movie.)
  • Elles ont vu un film. (They saw a movie.)
In all these cases, vu remains unchanged, regardless of whether the subject is masculine, feminine, singular, or plural. This is your baseline: when in doubt, and when the direct object is after the verb, you do not change the participle.
The agreement rule is an exception triggered by a change in word order. The agreement happens if and only if the direct object (le complément d'objet direct, or COD) is placed before the avoir verb group.
A direct object is the noun or pronoun that directly receives the action of the verb. It answers the question "who?" (qui ?) or "what?" (quoi ?) after the verb. For instance, in J'ai acheté une voiture, the direct object is une voiture (I bought what? -> a car).
The entire logic rests on this sequence: Direct Object ... auxiliary avoir + past participle. When you see this pattern, you must make the participle agree with that preceding direct object.
For example: Quelles photos as-tu prises ? (Which photos did you take?). Here, the direct object is Quelles photos (feminine, plural), which comes before the verb as prises. The participle pris therefore becomes prises.

Formation Pattern

1
There are three primary grammatical structures that place the direct object before the verb, thereby triggering the agreement rule. You must learn to recognize them instantly.
2
1. When the Direct Object is a Pronoun (le, la, l', les, me, te, nous, vous)
3
When you replace a noun with a direct object pronoun, it moves before the verb.
4
J'ai pris la photo. → Je l'ai prise. (I took it. l' stands for la photo, feminine singular.)
5
Tu as vu tes amis ? → Oui, je les ai vus hier. (Yes, I saw them yesterday. les stands for tes amis, masculine plural.)
6
Elle a acheté les robes. → Elle les a achetées. (She bought them. les stands for les robes, feminine plural.)
7
2. When the Direct Object is in a Relative Clause Introduced by que
8
This is common when you're describing a noun using a clause.
9
J'adore la tarte. + Tu as fait la tarte. → J'adore la tarte que tu as faite. (I love the pie that you made. que refers to la tarte, feminine singular.)
10
Où sont les livres ? + J'ai acheté les livres. → Où sont les livres que j'ai achetés ? (Where are the books that I bought? que refers to les livres, masculine plural.)
11
3. In Questions with Interrogative Adjectives/Pronouns (quel, combien de, lequel)
12
When you ask "which one?" or "how many?", the object of your question often appears at the start of the sentence.
13
Combien de pages as-tu lues ? (How many pages did you read? pages is feminine plural.)
14
Quelle décision a-t-il prise ? (Which decision did he make? décision is feminine singular.)
15
J'ai vu plusieurs robes. Laquelle as-tu choisie ? (I saw several dresses. Which one did you choose? Laquelle refers to a feminine singular dress.)

When To Use It

This agreement rule isn't limited to the passé composé. It applies to all compound tenses that are formed with the auxiliary avoir. Your task is always the same: identify the direct object and check if it comes before the verb. Its tense doesn't change the rule.
  • Passé Composé (Past Tense): The most common context.
Les fleurs que tu m'as offertes sont magnifiques. (The flowers that you gave me are magnificent.)
  • Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect / "Had Done"): For actions that happened before another past action.
Elle a relu la lettre qu'elle avait écrite la veille. (She reread the letter that she had written the day before.)
  • Futur Antérieur (Future Perfect / "Will Have Done"): For actions that will be completed by a certain point in the future.
Quand j'aurai fini les tâches que vous m'aurez données, je partirai. (When I have finished the tasks that you will have given me, I will leave.)
  • Conditionnel Passé (Past Conditional / "Would Have Done"): For hypothetical past situations.
C'est la solution que j'aurais choisie aussi. (That's the solution I would have chosen too.)
  • Subjonctif Passé (Past Subjunctive): Used in dependent clauses expressing doubt, emotion, or necessity about a past event.
Je doute que tu aies compris toutes les règles que j'ai expliquées. (I doubt that you understood all the rules that I explained.)
In every single case, the logic holds. In the last example, compris doesn't agree because its COD (toutes les règles) is after it. But expliquées agrees because its COD (que, referring to les règles) comes before.

Common Mistakes

This rule is a notorious source of errors for learners. Being aware of the most common pitfalls is the best way to avoid them.
  • Mistake 1: Agreeing with the subject. This is the most frequent error, coming from an instinct to make the verb match the person doing it. The participle never agrees with the subject when using avoir.
  • Incorrect: *Elle a mangée la pomme.
  • Correct: Elle a mangé la pomme. (Agreement is only with a preceding direct object, not the subject Elle.)
  • Mistake 2: Confusing Direct Objects (COD) and Indirect Objects (COI). Agreement is only with a preceding COD. An indirect object (answering "to whom?" or "for whom?", often introduced by à or pour) does not cause agreement. The pronouns lui (to him/her) and leur (to them) are always indirect and never trigger agreement.
  • J'ai vu Marie. → Je l'ai vue. (l' is a COD: I saw whom? Marie.)
  • J'ai parlé à Marie. → Je lui ai parlé. (lui is a COI: I spoke to whom? To Marie. No agreement on parlé.)
  • Il a donné les cadeaux aux enfants. → Il leur a donné les cadeaux. (He gave the gifts to whom? To them. leur is a COI, so no agreement.)
  • Mistake 3: Forgetting agreement with me, te, nous, vous. These pronouns can be direct or indirect. You have to check their function in the sentence.
  • Elle nous a vus au cinéma. (She saw us at the cinema. Saw whom? nous -> COD. Agreement is masculine plural by default, or feminine vues if 'nous' refers to an all-female group.)
  • Elle nous a parlé. (She spoke to us. Spoke to whom? nous -> COI. No agreement.)
  • Mistake 4: Agreeing with the pronoun en. Even though en can replace a direct object (e.g., des pommes), the rule is absolute: the past participle never agrees with en.
  • Tu as acheté des pommes ? → Oui, j'en ai acheté. (Yes, I bought some. Even though pommes is feminine plural, acheté does not change.)
  • There is one advanced, literary exception when en is accompanied by another adverb of quantity, but for all practical purposes (99.9% of the time), you should never make the agreement.

Contrast With Similar Patterns

To solidify your understanding, it’s crucial to contrast this rule with two other major agreement patterns in French.
1. Avoir (COD Before) vs. Être Agreement
The fundamental difference lies in what the participle agrees with.
| Auxiliary | The Participle Agrees With... | Example |
|:----------|:------------------------------|:--------|
| Avoir | The preceding direct object (COD). | La lettre ? Je l'ai écrite. (Agrees with l'/lettre.) |
| Être | The subject of the verb. | Elle est partie. (Agrees with Elle.) |
With être, the agreement is automatic and depends only on the subject. With avoir, it's conditional and depends on the object's position. This is why Elle a écrit (no agreement) but Elle est partie (agreement) are both correct.
2. Avoir with Pronominal Verbs
This is an advanced topic, but it beautifully illustrates the underlying COD logic. Most pronominal (reflexive) verbs use être as their auxiliary (e.g., se laver - to wash oneself). However, their agreement pattern often follows the avoir rule.
The reflexive pronoun (me, te, se...) can be a COD or a COI. If it's a COD, the participle agrees with it (and thus the subject). If it's a COI, the participle does not agree (unless a different COD comes before it).
  • Elle s'est lavée. (She washed herself.) Here, se is the direct object (She washed whom? -> herself). se refers to Elle (feminine singular), so we have agreement: lavée.
  • Elle s'est lavé les mains. (She washed her hands.) Here, the direct object is les mains (She washed what? -> her hands). The reflexive pronoun s' is an indirect object (to/for herself). Since the COD (les mains) comes after the verb, there is no agreement: lavé remains masculine singular.
This shows the consistency of the French system: the direct object's position is the key factor, even when être is the auxiliary.

Real Conversations

While the rule is most strictly applied in writing, you will hear the effects of this agreement in careful spoken French, especially when it creates a different sound. Native speakers apply it automatically in everyday contexts.

- Texting / Social Media:

T'as vu la dernière vidéo de Squeezie ? Je l'ai adorée ! (Did you see Squeezie's latest video? I loved it!)

Les photos que t'as prises en vacances sont incroyables. (The photos you took on vacation are incredible.)

- Work Email:

Bonjour Madame, j'ai bien reçu les instructions que vous m'avez envoyées. Je m'en occupe tout de suite. (Hello Madam, I have received the instructions you sent me. I will take care of it right away.)

- Casual Spoken French:

(A friend is looking for their keys)

Tes clés ? Attends... Ah, je crois que je les ai vues sur la table de la cuisine. (Your keys? Wait... Ah, I think I saw them on the kitchen table.)

Note here the pronunciation of vues would be subtly different from vu for a careful speaker, though in fast speech it can be less distinct.

Progressive Practice

1

Work through these levels to test and strengthen your understanding.

2

Level 1: Choose the Correct Form

3

La voiture que j'ai (conduit / conduite) est rouge.

4

J'ai (vu / vus) tes amis hier soir.

5

Les lettres ? Mon père les a (lu / lues).

6

Quelle cravate as-tu (choisi / choisie) ?

7

Elles ont (fini / finies) leurs devoirs.

(Answers: 1. conduite, 2. vu, 3. lues, 4. choisie, 5. fini)

Level 2: Rewrite the Sentence

Rewrite the second sentence using a direct object pronoun, making the correct agreement.

8

J'ai regardé l'émission. → Je l'ai ...

9

Tu as vendu ta maison. → Tu l'as ...

10

Nous avons fait les valises. → Nous les avons ...

11

Ils ont pris les décisions importantes. → Ils les ont ...

(Answers: 1. regardée, 2. vendue, 3. faites, 4. prises)

Level 3: Form the Sentence

Create a correct sentence from the elements provided.

12

(la pizza / que / tu / as / préparer) est délicieuse.

13

(ces chansons / je / les / ai / écouter) mille fois.

14

(combien de / livres / vous / avez / lire) ce mois-ci ?

(Answers: 1. La pizza que tu as préparée est délicieuse. 2. Ces chansons, je les ai écoutées mille fois. 3. Combien de livres avez-vous lus ce mois-ci ?)

Quick FAQ

  • Does this agreement rule really matter in spoken French?
Yes, it does, especially when the agreement is audible (e.g., pris vs. prise, mis vs. mise, fait vs.
faite). While fast, informal speech might sometimes drop the distinction, in any formal or careful conversation (a job interview, a presentation, a conversation with a professor), correctly pronouncing the agreement is a sign of fluency.
  • What happens if the preceding direct object is me, te, or vous?
You agree with the gender and number of the person the pronoun refers to. If vous is used formally to address one person, you agree in the singular: Madame, je vous ai vue hier. (I saw you yesterday, Madam.) If it refers to a group, you use the plural: Mes amis, je vous ai vus.
  • Why is there no agreement with en?
Historically, en was considered an adverbial pronoun, not a true direct object pronoun in the same way as le, la, or les. It represents an indefinite quantity ("of it," "some") rather than a specific, identified object. The grammar has frozen around this distinction, making "no agreement with en" an absolute rule you should memorize.
  • Is this rule considered formal or old-fashioned?
Not at all. It is a fundamental and active rule of standard French. Neglecting it in writing is considered a significant grammatical error. While its application in speech can vary with register, it is by no means outdated.

Agreement Patterns with 'être'

Subject Verb (Aller) Agreement Example
Je (m)
suis
none
Je suis allé
Je (f)
suis
+e
Je suis allée
Il
est
none
Il est allé
Elle
est
+e
Elle est allée
Nous (m)
sommes
+s
Nous sommes allés
Nous (f)
sommes
+es
Nous sommes allées
Ils
sont
+s
Ils sont allés
Elles
sont
+es
Elles sont allées

Meanings

This rule dictates that when a verb uses 'être' as an auxiliary in the passé composé, the past participle behaves like an adjective.

1

Gender Agreement

Adding 'e' for feminine subjects.

“Elle est partie.”

“La fille est tombée.”

2

Number Agreement

Adding 's' for plural subjects.

“Ils sont sortis.”

“Les garçons sont venus.”

3

Combined Agreement

Adding 'es' for feminine plural subjects.

“Elles sont arrivées.”

“Mes sœurs sont allées.”

Reference Table

Reference table for French Past Participle Agreement: The Secret Extra 'e' (Accord du Participe Passé)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Subject + être + Participle
Elle est partie
Negative
Subject + ne + être + pas + Participle
Elle n'est pas partie
Question
Est-ce que + Subject + être + Participle?
Est-ce qu'elle est partie?
Inversion
Être + Subject + Participle?
Est-elle partie?
Plural
Ils/Elles + sont + Participle + s/es
Elles sont parties

Formality Spectrum

Formal
Elle est arrivée à la gare.

Elle est arrivée à la gare. (General)

Neutral
Elle est arrivée à la gare.

Elle est arrivée à la gare. (General)

Informal
Elle est arrivée à la gare.

Elle est arrivée à la gare. (General)

Slang
Elle est arrivée à la gare.

Elle est arrivée à la gare. (General)

The être Agreement Map

Auxiliary Être

Feminine

  • Elle She

Plural

  • Ils/Elles They
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Examples by Level

1

Elle est allée au cinéma.

She went to the cinema.

2

Ils sont partis tôt.

They left early.

3

Ma sœur est née en 2000.

My sister was born in 2000.

4

Nous sommes restés ici.

We stayed here.

1

Les filles sont arrivées en retard.

The girls arrived late.

2

Il est tombé dans la rue.

He fell in the street.

3

Elles sont venues avec nous.

They came with us.

4

Mes amis sont rentrés chez eux.

My friends went home.

1

Elle s'est lavée avant de sortir.

She washed herself before going out.

2

Les fleurs sont mortes à cause du froid.

The flowers died because of the cold.

3

Nous sommes descendus par l'escalier.

We went down the stairs.

4

Elles sont passées par la porte arrière.

They went through the back door.

1

La décision a été prise par le comité.

The decision was taken by the committee.

2

Elles se sont rencontrées à Paris.

They met each other in Paris.

3

Les portes sont restées fermées toute la journée.

The doors remained closed all day.

4

Elles sont devenues très célèbres.

They became very famous.

1

Les victimes sont décédées tragiquement.

The victims died tragically.

2

Elles se sont souvenues de cet événement.

They remembered this event.

3

Les mesures sont apparues nécessaires.

The measures appeared necessary.

4

Elles sont sorties indemnes de l'accident.

They came out of the accident unharmed.

1

Ces idées sont nées d'une réflexion profonde.

These ideas were born from deep reflection.

2

Elles sont parvenues à leurs fins.

They achieved their goals.

3

Les traditions sont demeurées intactes.

The traditions remained intact.

4

Elles sont revenues sur leur décision.

They went back on their decision.

Easily Confused

French Past Participle Agreement: The Secret Extra 'e' (Accord du Participe Passé) vs Avoir vs Être

Learners mix up which auxiliary to use.

French Past Participle Agreement: The Secret Extra 'e' (Accord du Participe Passé) vs Agreement with Avoir

Learners try to agree with the subject for 'avoir'.

French Past Participle Agreement: The Secret Extra 'e' (Accord du Participe Passé) vs Reflexive Verbs

Learners forget the agreement for reflexive verbs.

Common Mistakes

✗

Elle est allé

✓

Elle est allée

Feminine subject requires 'e'.
✗

Ils sont allé

✓

Ils sont allés

Plural subject requires 's'.
✗

Elle est mangé

✓

Elle a mangé

Wrong auxiliary.
✗

Ils sonts allés

✓

Ils sont allés

Auxiliary doesn't take 's'.
✗

Elles sont allé

✓

Elles sont allées

Missing feminine plural agreement.
✗

Nous sommes allé

✓

Nous sommes allés

Missing plural agreement.
✗

Elle est venu

✓

Elle est venue

Missing feminine agreement.
✗

Elle s'est lavé

✓

Elle s'est lavée

Reflexive verbs need agreement.
✗

Les fleurs sont mort

✓

Les fleurs sont mortes

Missing feminine plural agreement.
✗

Ils sont venu

✓

Ils sont venus

Missing plural agreement.
✗

Elles se sont souvenu

✓

Elles se sont souvenues

Agreement with reflexive pronoun.
✗

Les décisions sont pris

✓

Les décisions sont prises

Passive voice agreement.
✗

Elles sont devenu

✓

Elles sont devenues

Missing feminine plural agreement.

Sentence Patterns

Elle est ___ à la maison.

Ils sont ___ au cinéma.

Elles sont ___ très tôt.

Nous sommes ___ par ici.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Je suis arrivée !

Social Media very common

Nous sommes allés à la plage.

Job Interview common

Je suis arrivé à l'heure.

Travel common

Nous sommes partis à 8h.

Food Delivery occasional

La commande est arrivée.

Academic Writing common

Les résultats sont apparus.

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💡

Check the auxiliary

Always check if it's 'être' or 'avoir' first.
⚠️

Don't over-agree

Only agree with 'être' verbs.
🎯

Think of adjectives

Treat the participle like an adjective.
💬

Spoken vs Written

In speech, you won't hear the 'e' or 's'.

Smart Tips

Always circle the subject before writing the participle.

Elle est allé. → Elle est allée.

Focus on the auxiliary, don't worry about the silent 'e'.

Elle est allée (stressed). → Elle est allée (natural).

Learn if it takes 'être' or 'avoir'.

J'ai allé. → Je suis allé.

Remember they always take 'être'.

Elle a se lavée. → Elle s'est lavée.

Pronunciation

allé / allée / allés / allées all sound the same: /a.le/

Silent endings

The 'e' and 's' are usually silent, so the pronunciation doesn't change much.

Declarative

Elle est allée. ↘

Falling intonation for statements.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

E for Elle, S for S-group. If it's 'être', the subject is the key!

Visual Association

Imagine a girl (Elle) wearing a hat with an 'e' on it, and a group of people wearing shirts with an 's' on them.

Rhyme

With être the subject is the star, add e or s wherever you are!

Story

Marie went to the park. She (Elle) is 'allée'. Her friends (Ils) are 'allés'. They all had fun.

Word Web

allerpartirvenirarrivernaîtretomberrester

Challenge

Write 5 sentences about your day using 'être' verbs and check your agreements.

Cultural Notes

Agreement is strictly enforced in written French.

Similar rules, but spoken French may drop the agreement.

Standard French rules apply.

Derived from Latin 'esse' (to be) and the past participle.

Conversation Starters

“

Où est-ce que tu es allé(e) hier?

“

Est-ce que tes amis sont venus?

“

Pourquoi est-ce qu'elle est partie?

“

Comment sont-elles devenues célèbres?

Journal Prompts

Describe your weekend using 'être' verbs.
Write about a trip you took with friends.
Tell a story about a time you were late.
Reflect on a life change.

Common Mistakes

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

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Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

Elle est ___ (aller) au parc.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: allée
Feminine subject.
Choose the correct form. Multiple Choice

Ils sont ___ (partir).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: partis
Plural subject.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Elles est arrivée.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Elles sont arrivées
Subject-verb agreement.
Change to plural. Sentence Transformation

Il est venu. -> Ils ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sont venus
Plural agreement.
Is this true? True False Rule

The past participle agrees with the subject when using 'avoir'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
It agrees with 'être'.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Où sont les filles? B: Elles sont ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: parties
Feminine plural.
Order the words. Sentence Building

sont / arrivées / elles / tard.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Elles sont arrivées tard
Correct structure.
Match subject to participle. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: allée/allés
Correct agreement.

Score: /8

Practice Exercises

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

Elle est ___ (aller) au parc.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: allée
Feminine subject.
Choose the correct form. Multiple Choice

Ils sont ___ (partir).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: partis
Plural subject.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Elles est arrivée.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Elles sont arrivées
Subject-verb agreement.
Change to plural. Sentence Transformation

Il est venu. -> Ils ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sont venus
Plural agreement.
Is this true? True False Rule

The past participle agrees with the subject when using 'avoir'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
It agrees with 'être'.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Où sont les filles? B: Elles sont ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: parties
Feminine plural.
Order the words. Sentence Building

sont / arrivées / elles / tard.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Elles sont arrivées tard
Correct structure.
Match subject to participle. Match Pairs

Elle -> ?, Ils -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: allée/allés
Correct agreement.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Complete the sentence. Fill in the Blank

Ma voiture ? Je l'ai _____ hier.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: vendue
Find the error. Error Correction

La pizza que nous avons commander est là.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: La pizza que nous avons commandée est là.
Reorder to make a correct sentence. Sentence Reorder

l' / adorée / ai / Je / !

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je l'ai adorée !
Translate to French. Translation

The keys that I found.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Les clés que j'ai trouvées.
Pick the correct formal response. Multiple Choice

Avez-vous reçu ma lettre ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Oui, je l'ai reçue.
Match the object to its correct verb ending. Match Pairs

Match them up!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Le livre -> vu, La lettre -> vue, Les livres -> vus, Les lettres -> vues
Complete the Netflix review. Fill in the Blank

Cette série ? Je l'ai _____ en une nuit.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: finie
Fix the WhatsApp message. Error Correction

Les places que j'ai acheter sont chères.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Les places que j'ai achetées sont chères.
Which one is right? Multiple Choice

Où sont mes lunettes ? Je les ai _____ .

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: oubliées
Translate 'The movie I watched'. Translation

The movie I watched.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Le film que j'ai regardé.

Score: /10

FAQ (8)

Because the subject is feminine.

No, only those using 'être'.

No, it's silent.

It follows different rules.

Yes, very common.

It depends on the gender of the group.

No, it's a strict rule.

Write sentences and check agreements.

Scaffolded Practice

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Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

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Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish partial

Pretérito perfecto

Spanish does not agree the participle with the subject.

German partial

Perfekt

German participles are invariant.

Japanese low

Ta-form

Japanese lacks gender/number conjugation.

Arabic partial

Past tense conjugation

Arabic conjugates the verb, not the participle.

Chinese none

Le particle

Chinese has no verb conjugation.

English low

Present perfect

English has no gender/number agreement.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Past Participle Agreement with 'être' (L'accord du participe passé)
Next
French Past Tense: No Agreement with 'Avoir' (COD After)

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