Comparisons: Ki Tarah vs Jaisa (Like...)
jaisa to describe what something IS like, and ki tarah to describe how someone DOES something.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'ki tarah' for specific actions or manners, and 'jaisa' for abstract qualities or states.
- Ki tarah (की तरह) acts like 'in the manner of': 'Woh meri tarah gaata hai' (He sings like me).
- Jaisa (जैसा) acts like 'the kind that': 'Jaisa desh, vaisa bhesh' (When in Rome, do as the Romans do).
- Always match gender/number for 'jaisa' (jaisa/jaisi/jaise), but 'ki tarah' remains fixed.
Overview
Comparing entities, actions, or qualities is fundamental to human expression. In Hindi, two primary structures convey the sense of 'like' or 'as': jaisa (जैसा) and ki tarah (की तरह). While both translate identically into English, their grammatical functions are distinct, leading to different applications and nuances.
Understanding this distinction is crucial for accurate and idiomatic Hindi. The choice between them depends fundamentally on whether you are describing an inherent quality, characteristic, or appearance (adjectival function) or a manner, action, or behavior (adverbial function).
Jaisa (जैसा) and its inflected forms function primarily as adjectives. Like other adjectives in Hindi, jaisa agrees in gender and number with the noun or pronoun it modifies or describes. It focuses on the what of the comparison – what something is like in terms of its nature or look.
Conversely, ki tarah (की तरह) functions as a postpositional phrase, typically performing an adverbial role. It conveys the sense of 'in the manner of' or 'like the way of.' This phrase does not change its form based on the gender or number of the subject performing the action; instead, the noun or pronoun preceding ki tarah must be in a specific grammatical case. It focuses on the how of the comparison – how an action is performed or in what manner something occurs.
How This Grammar Works
jaisa and ki tarah, you must internalize their fundamental grammatical roles: jaisa as an adjective and ki tarah as an adverbial phrase. This distinction governs their inflection, placement, and the type of comparison they express.Jaisa (जैसा): The Adjectival ComparisonJaisa (जैसा) is an adjective, and like all descriptive adjectives in Hindi, it agrees with the noun or pronoun it describes in gender and number. It tells you about the quality or appearance of something by comparing it to something else. This means it will take one of three main forms: jaisa (जैसा) for masculine singular, jaise (जैसे) for masculine plural, and jaisi (जैसी) for all feminine nouns (singular or plural).yah kitaab encyclopaedia jaisi hai (यह किताब encyclopaedia जैसी है। - This book is like an encyclopedia.), you are describing the book's nature or quality – its encyclopedic character. The word kitaab (किताब) is feminine, so jaisi is used. Similarly, uska chehra chaand jaisa gol hai (उसका चेहरा चाँद जैसा गोल है। - Her face is round like the moon's.) uses jaisa because chehra (चेहरा - face) is masculine singular.Jaisa functions either as a predicate adjective (e.g., woh raja jaisa hai – वह राजा जैसा है - He is like a king) or directly modifies a noun (e.g., raja jaisa aadmi – राजा जैसा आदमी - a king-like man). Its core purpose is to draw a parallel between the intrinsic attributes or visual characteristics of two nouns.Ki Tarah (की तरह): The Adverbial ComparisonKi tarah (की तरह) functions as a postpositional phrase, primarily serving an adverbial role. It describes how an action is performed or in what manner something behaves. The phrase literally translates to 'of the manner/way,' where ki (की) is the feminine genitive postposition, and tarah (तरह) means 'manner' or 'way' (which is a feminine noun itself).tarah (तरह) is feminine, the genitive marker ki (की) is always used, and any preceding pronoun will take its feminine possessive form.jaisa, ki tarah does not inflect for gender or number with the subject of the sentence. Instead, the noun or pronoun preceding ki tarah must be in the oblique case or its possessive form. For example, woh hiran ki tarah daudta hai (वह हिरन की तरह दौड़ता है। - He runs like a deer.).hiran (हिरन - deer) is in its oblique form, hiran, and the phrase describes how he runs, i.e., in the manner of a deer. The phrase ki tarah itself remains unchanged regardless of whether the runner is male or female, singular or plural.ki tarah is its fixed nature as a postpositional complement, governing the case of its preceding noun/pronoun, similar to how other postpositions like par (पर - on) or mein (में - in) function.Formation Pattern
jaisa and ki tarah requires careful attention to inflection and case usage. Hindi is an inflected language, and these constructions exemplify its grammatical agreement rules.
Jaisa (जैसा) – The Adjectival Pattern
Jaisa agrees in gender and number with the noun or pronoun it describes. It acts like any other adjective such as achha (अच्छा - good) or bada (बड़ा - big). You need to identify the gender and number of the noun being compared.
jaisa (जैसा) | Masculine Singular (MS) | sher jaisa mard (शेर जैसा मर्द) | a man like a lion (lion-like man) |
jaise (जैसे) | Masculine Plural (MP) | bachchon jaise aadmi (बच्चों जैसे आदमी) | men like children (child-like men) |
jaisi (जैसी) | Feminine (FS/FP) | pari jaisi ladki (परी जैसी लड़की) | a girl like a fairy (fairy-like girl) |
jaisa/jaise/jaisi: The noun being described determines the form of jaisa. For example, meri awaaz aapki awaaz jaisi hai (मेरी आवाज़ आपकी आवाज़ जैसी है। - My voice is like your voice.). Here, awaaz (आवाज़ - voice) is feminine, so jaisi is used. If you say uski car meri car jaisi hai (उसकी कार मेरी कार जैसी है। - His car is like my car.), car (कार) is also feminine, hence jaisi.
jaisa/jaise/jaisi: When jaisa refers to a pronoun, it also agrees with that pronoun. For instance, tum kaise ho? (तुम कैसे हो? - How are you?) uses kaise (कैसे), which is the masculine plural form of kaisa (कैसा - what kind of/how), agreeing with tum (तुम), a second-person plural pronoun. If referring to a feminine singular woh (वह), you would say woh kaisi hai? (वह कैसी है? - How is she?). This same agreement applies to jaisa when used comparably.
Ki Tarah (की तरह) – The Adverbial Pattern
Ki tarah requires the preceding noun to be in the oblique case or the pronoun to be in its possessive form. The phrase ki tarah itself does not inflect.
ki tarah: Nouns (especially masculine nouns ending in -ā) will often take their oblique form. Other nouns might remain unchanged in form but are understood to be in the oblique case. The postposition ki (की) always precedes tarah.
Bachche pakshiyon ki tarah chahte hain. (बच्चे पक्षियों की तरह चहचहाते हैं। - Children chirp like birds.) - pakshiyon (पक्षियों) is the oblique plural of pakshi (पक्षी - bird).
Ek shayar ki tarah socho. (एक शायर की तरह सोचो। - Think like a poet.) - shayar (शायर - poet) is in its oblique form.
tarah: This is a critical point of difference. Pronouns cannot directly precede ki tarah. Instead, they must take their feminine possessive forms because tarah is a feminine noun (meaning 'manner' or 'way'). You use the possessive form, and then tarah.
main (मैं) | meri (मेरी) | meri tarah (मेरी तरह) | like me (in my manner) |
tu (तू) | teri (तेरी) | teri tarah (तेरी तरह) | like you (fam. sg.) |
tum (तुम) | tumhari (तुम्हारी) | tumhari tarah (तुम्हारी तरह) | like you (fam. pl.) |
aap (आप) | aapki (आपकी) | aapki tarah (आपकी तरह) | like you (hon. pl.) |
yah/yeh (यह/ये) | iski (इसकी) | iski tarah (इसकी तरह) | like this/him/her |
woh/ve (वह/वे) | uski (उसकी) | uski tarah (उसकी तरह) | like that/him/her |
hum (हम) | hamari (हमारी) | hamari tarah (हमारी तरह) | like us |
jo (जो) | jiski (जिसकी) | jiski tarah (जिसकी तरह) | like whom/which (rel. pron.)|
kaun (कौन) | kiski (किसकी) | kiski tarah (किसकी तरह) | like whom (int. pron.) |
woh meri tarah gaati hai (वह मेरी तरह गाती है। - She sings like me.) utilizes meri (मेरी), the feminine possessive form of main (मैं), because tarah is feminine.
When To Use It
jaisa and ki tarah hinges on what aspect of the comparison you wish to emphasize: inherent quality/appearance versus manner/action. This is a critical distinction for achieving native-like fluency.Jaisa (जैसा) for Quality, Appearance, or Inherent Nature:jaisa when you are comparing the intrinsic characteristics, physical appearance, or general essence of one thing to another. It describes what something is like. The comparison establishes an equivalence of attributes.- Appearance: To describe physical resemblance.
Yeh phool gulab jaisa sundar hai.(यह फूल गुलाब जैसा सुंदर है। - This flower is beautiful like a rose.) -phool(फूल - flower) is masculine,sundar(सुंदर - beautiful) describes its quality,jaisaagrees withphoolimplicitly.Woh apni maa jaisi dikhti hai.(वह अपनी माँ जैसी दिखती है। - She looks like her mother.) -maa(माँ - mother) is feminine,jaisiagrees.- Quality/Characteristic: To equate inherent traits or properties.
Uska dil sone jaisa hai.(उसका दिल सोने जैसा है। - His heart is like gold.) -dil(दिल - heart) is masculine,sone(सोने - gold, oblique) is used,jaisaagrees withdil.Yeh kitaab ek achhe dost jaisi hai.(यह किताब एक अच्छे दोस्त जैसी है। - This book is like a good friend.) -kitaab(किताब - book) is feminine,dost(दोस्त - friend) is masculine (but here the comparison is describingkitaab), sojaisiagrees withkitaab.- State of Being: To describe a condition or state of likeness.
Yeh ghar ek mahal jaisa lagta hai.(यह घर एक महल जैसा लगता है। - This house feels/appears like a palace.) -ghar(घर - house) is masculine,jaisaagrees.
Ki Tarah (की तरह) for Manner, Action, or Behavior:ki tarah when you are comparing how an action is performed or in what manner someone or something behaves. It describes the mode of operation rather than intrinsic attributes.- Actions/Behavior: To describe the way an action is carried out.
Woh apne guru ki tarah padhaata hai.(वह अपने गुरु की तरह पढ़ाता है। - He teaches like his guru.) - Describes how he teaches;guru(गुरु - guru) is oblique.Bachche bandaron ki tarah ped par chadh rahe the.(बच्चे बंदरों की तरह पेड़ पर चढ़ रहे थे। - The children were climbing the tree like monkeys.) - Describes the manner of climbing;bandaron(बंदरों) is the oblique plural ofbandar(बंदर - monkey).- Style/Method: To refer to a specific method or style of doing something.
Mujhe uski tarah likhna pasand hai.(मुझे उसकी तरह लिखना पसंद है। - I like to write like him/her.) - Describes how I like to write;uski(उसकी) is the feminine possessive ofwoh(वह).Sainikon ne sher ki tarah lada.(सैनिकों ने शेर की तरह लड़ा। - The soldiers fought like a lion.) - Describes how they fought;sher(शेर - lion) is oblique.
jaisa is used where ki tarah might be grammatically more precise for actions. For example, mere jaise bolo (मेरे जैसे बोलो - speak like me) is commonly heard, even though meri tarah bolo (मेरी तरह बोलो - speak in my manner) is grammatically more aligned with ki tarah's adverbial function.Common Mistakes
jaisa and ki tarah, largely stemming from their differing grammatical roles and the unique demands of Hindi inflection and case.- Pronoun Trap with
Ki Tarah: A frequent error is using a nominative pronoun instead of its possessive form beforetarah. Forgetting thattarahis a feminine noun requiring a genitive connection (implied bykiand explicitly by the possessive pronoun form) leads to errors like: - Incorrect:
Usne main ki tarah kaam kiya.(उसने मैं की तरह काम किया।) - Correct:
Usne meri tarah kaam kiya.(उसने मेरी तरह काम किया। - He worked like me.)
meri, teri, hamari, unki, etc.) are mandatory here because they act as adjectives to tarah (which is feminine), hence always ending in -i for singular and plural.- Gender/Number Mismatch with
Jaisa: Neglecting to inflectjaisaaccording to the gender and number of the noun it describes is another common mistake. Hindi adjectives, includingjaisa, agree with their modified noun. Learners might default tojaisafor all cases. - Incorrect:
Woh ladki hero jaisa hai.(वह लड़की hero जैसा है।) - Correct:
Woh ladki hero jaisi hai.(वह लड़की hero जैसी है। - That girl is like a hero.)
ladki (लड़की - girl) is feminine, so jaisi must be used. Similarly, ye phool gulab jaise hain (ये फूल गुलाब जैसे हैं। - These flowers are like roses.) if referring to plural phool (फूल - flowers).- Confusing Adjectival vs. Adverbial Function: Attempting to use
jaisafor actions orki tarahfor descriptions of inherent qualities, leading to grammatically awkward or incorrect sentences. - Incorrect:
Usne sher jaisa garja.(उसने शेर जैसा गरजा। - He roared like a lion.) -garjana(गरजना - to roar) is an action, requiring an adverbial comparison. - Correct:
Usne sher ki tarah garja.(उसने शेर की तरह गरजा। - He roared like a lion.) - Incorrect:
Yeh ghar mahal ki tarah hai.(यह घर महल की तरह है। - This house is like a palace.) -ghar(घर - house) is a noun,mahal(महल - palace) describes its quality, requiring an adjectival comparison. - Correct:
Yeh ghar mahal jaisa hai.(यह घर महल जैसा है। - This house is like a palace.)
jaisa vs. ki tarah distinction is about grammatical function first and foremost.- Omitting
KiinKi Tarah: Sometimes learners might drop theki(की), reducing the phrase to justtarahor a noun directly followed bytarah. This removes the essential genitive connection. - Incorrect:
Ram tarah kaam karo.(राम तरह काम करो।) - Correct:
Ram ki tarah kaam karo.(राम की तरह काम करो। - Work like Ram.)
- Overgeneralization of Informal Usage: While in very casual contexts, some distinctions blur (e.g.,
mere jaiseformeri tarah), relying on this for all comparisons will lead to errors in more structured or formal communication. Always prioritize the grammatical roles.
Real Conversations
In authentic Hindi discourse, both jaisa and ki tarah are ubiquitous, appearing across various communication registers. Their usage reflects the speaker's intent to highlight either an intrinsic resemblance or a behavioral mimicry. Modern Hindi, influenced by digital communication, sometimes exhibits a relaxed adherence to strict grammatical rules, yet the core principles remain.
Informal & Digital Communication (Texting, Social Media):
In casual settings, especially among younger speakers and in texting, there's a tendency for the jaisa form to be used more broadly, occasionally even where ki tarah might be technically more precise for actions. This often happens with pronouns.
- Yeh meme bilkul mere jaise log hi share karte hain. (यह मीम बिल्कुल मेरे जैसे लोग ही शेयर करते हैं। - Only people exactly like me share this meme.)
- Here, mere jaise (मेरे जैसे) is used adjectivally to modify log (लोग - people), implying 'people who are like me.' While meri tarah could also be used to mean 'in my manner,' mere jaise feels more natural for a general resemblance to one's persona.
- Yaar, tumhare comments hamesha comedy show jaise hote hain. (यार, तुम्हारे comments हमेशा comedy show जैसे होते हैं। - Dude, your comments are always like a comedy show.)
- comedy show (कॉमेडी शो) is masculine singular, so jaise (बहुवचन) agrees with comments (कमेंट्स - plural). This describes the nature or quality of the comments.
- Uski profile pic ek model ki tarah hai. (उसकी प्रोफाइल पिक एक मॉडल की तरह है। - His/her profile picture is like a model's.)
- This sentence is interesting. If the intent is to say
Comparison Particle Usage
| Particle | Function | Gender/Number Agreement | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
ki tarah
|
Adverbial (Manner)
|
None (Fixed)
|
Ram ki tarah
|
|
jaisa
|
Adjectival (Type)
|
Yes (jaisa/jaisi/jaise)
|
Ram jaisa ladka
|
|
jaisi
|
Adjectival (Type)
|
Yes (Feminine)
|
Sita jaisi ladki
|
|
jaise
|
Adjectival (Type)
|
Yes (Plural/Oblique)
|
Ram jaise log
|
Meanings
These particles are used to draw comparisons between two entities, actions, or states.
Manner of action
Describing how someone does something.
“Woh sher ki tarah lada.”
“Bachche ki tarah mat ro.”
Qualitative similarity
Describing the nature or type of something.
“Mujhe tumhare jaisa dost chahiye.”
“Jaisi karni, vaisi bharni.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Noun + ki tarah
|
Woh meri tarah hai
|
|
Affirmative
|
Noun + jaisa
|
Yeh tumhare jaisa hai
|
|
Negative
|
Noun + ki tarah + nahi
|
Woh meri tarah nahi hai
|
|
Negative
|
Noun + jaisa + nahi
|
Yeh tumhare jaisa nahi hai
|
|
Question
|
Kya... ki tarah?
|
Kya woh meri tarah hai?
|
|
Question
|
Kya... jaisa?
|
Kya yeh tumhare jaisa hai?
|
|
Plural
|
Noun + jaise
|
Ve mere jaise hain
|
Formality Spectrum
Woh prabandhak ki tarah vyavahar karte hain. (Workplace)
Woh boss ki tarah behave karte hain. (Workplace)
Woh boss ki tarah act karta hai. (Workplace)
Boss ban raha hai. (Workplace)
Comparison Particles
Manner
- ki tarah like/in the way of
Type
- jaisa like/the kind of
Examples by Level
Main tumhari tarah hoon.
I am like you.
Woh meri tarah hai.
He is like me.
Yeh seb jaisa hai.
This is like an apple.
Tum jaisa dost.
A friend like you.
Woh meri tarah gaata hai.
He sings like me.
Mujhe tumhare jaisi kitab chahiye.
I want a book like yours.
Bachche ki tarah mat karo.
Don't act like a child.
Uske jaise log.
People like him.
Jaisa desh, vaisa bhesh.
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
Tumne mere bhai ki tarah madad ki.
You helped like my brother.
Mujhe tumhare jaisa kaam karna hai.
I want to work like you.
Woh sher ki tarah lada.
He fought like a lion.
Usne neta ki tarah bhashan diya.
He gave a speech like a politician.
Main tumhare jaisi mehnat karna chahta hoon.
I want to work as hard as you.
Jaisa tumne kaha, vaisa hi hua.
Just as you said, it happened.
Yeh uske jaise logon ke liye hai.
This is for people like him.
Jaisa ki maine pehle bataya, yeh sambhav nahi hai.
As I mentioned earlier, this is not possible.
Woh kisi kalakar ki tarah sochta hai.
He thinks like an artist.
Jaisi karni, vaisi bharni.
As you sow, so shall you reap.
Uske vyavahar mein ek raja ki tarah garima thi.
There was a dignity like a king in his behavior.
Jaisa ki vidit hai, yeh niyam atal hai.
As is known, this rule is immutable.
Usne ek sanyasi ki tarah jeevan vyateet kiya.
He lived a life like a monk.
Jaisi drishti, vaisi srishti.
As is your vision, so is your world.
Tumhare jaise vyakti ka hona hi apne aap mein ek upalabdhi hai.
The presence of a person like you is an achievement in itself.
Easily Confused
Both mean 'like', but 'ke saman' is formal.
Learners mix up the relative and correlative.
Both are common, but 'ki tarah' is more adverbial.
Common Mistakes
Woh meri jaisa hai.
Woh mere jaisa hai.
Woh meri tarah gaata.
Woh meri tarah gaata hai.
Yeh jaisa hai.
Yeh iske jaisa hai.
Woh jaisa ladki hai.
Woh jaisi ladki hai.
Ve meri tarah hain.
Ve meri tarah hain.
Mujhe uske jaisa chahiye.
Mujhe uske jaisa chahiye.
Woh sher jaisa lada.
Woh sher ki tarah lada.
Jaisa tumne kaha, vaisa kiya.
Jaisa tumne kaha, vaisa hi kiya.
Woh ek neta jaisa bolta hai.
Woh ek neta ki tarah bolta hai.
Woh meri jaisi daudti hai.
Woh meri tarah daudti hai.
Jaisa ki main socha...
Jaisa ki maine socha...
Woh raja ki tarah hai.
Woh raja jaisa hai.
Jaisa tum bolo.
Jaisa tum bolo, vaisa hoga.
Sentence Patterns
Woh ___ ki tarah ___ hai.
Mujhe ___ jaisa ___ chahiye.
Jaisa ___, vaisa ___.
Woh ___ ki tarah ___ karta hai.
Real World Usage
Jaisa socho, vaisa bano!
Tumhari tarah hi!
Main ek leader ki tarah kaam karta hoon.
Mujhe iske jaisa room chahiye.
Jaisa order kiya tha, vaisa hi bhejo.
Jaisa maine bataya, vaisa karo.
Possessive Trick
Bollywood Drama
Don't mix genders
Smart Tips
Always use 'ki tarah'.
Check the gender of the object.
Use the oblique form (meri, tumhari).
Use the full 'jaisa... vaisa' structure.
Pronunciation
Tarah
The 't' is dental. The 'h' is aspirated.
Jaisa
The 'j' is a voiced palatal affricate.
Comparison focus
Woh [meri tarah] gaata hai.
Emphasis on the similarity.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Tarah is a 'T-square'—it stays straight and fixed. Jaisa is a 'Jelly'—it changes shape to fit the container.
Visual Association
Imagine a robot (ki tarah) performing a task exactly the same way every time. Then imagine a chameleon (jaisa) changing its color to match the object it sits on.
Rhyme
Tarah stays the same, like a steady flame. Jaisa changes its end, to match the noun, my friend.
Story
I met a man who acted like a king (raja ki tarah). He wore clothes like mine (mere jaise kapde). He spoke like a scholar (vidvan ki tarah). He was a man like no other (uske jaisa insaan).
Word Web
Challenge
Write 5 sentences describing your friends using both 'ki tarah' and 'jaisa' in 5 minutes.
Cultural Notes
People often use 'jaisa' in proverbs to teach moral lessons.
In formal writing, 'ke saman' is often used instead of 'jaisa'.
Young people often mix English words with 'ki tarah'.
Derived from Sanskrit roots for 'like' and 'manner'.
Conversation Starters
Tumhare jaisa aur kaun hai?
Kya tum meri tarah Hindi seekh rahe ho?
Jaisa tumne kal kaha, kya vaisa hi hua?
Ek neta ki tarah bhashan do.
Journal Prompts
Common Mistakes
Test Yourself
Woh sher ___ lada.
Mujhe tumhare ___ dost chahiye.
Find and fix the mistake:
Woh meri jaisa gaata hai.
Woh mere jaisa hai.
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Yeh meri ___ kitab hai.
___ tumne kaha, vaisa hi hua.
Woh / neta / ki tarah / bolta / hai.
Score: /8
Practice Exercises
8 exercisesWoh sher ___ lada.
Mujhe tumhare ___ dost chahiye.
Find and fix the mistake:
Woh meri jaisa gaata hai.
Woh mere jaisa hai.
Jaisa desh...
Yeh meri ___ kitab hai.
___ tumne kaha, vaisa hi hua.
Woh / neta / ki tarah / bolta / hai.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercises___ tarah mat chillao! (Don't shout like him!)
Yeh ladki ek pari ___ hai. (This girl is like a fairy.)
Which implies 'in the manner of'?
Tum ki tarah main bhi thak gaya hoon.
ghode / woh / hai / bhaagta / ki tarah
Ye coffee paani jaisi hai.
Match the pairs
Mere dost ___ hain. (My friends are like this.)
Select the correct phrase.
Mera ghar mahal jaisi hai.
Please don't behave ___ a child.
Which sentence emphasizes APPEARANCE?
Score: /12
FAQ (8)
Yes, but it implies a comparison of manner rather than type.
It acts as an adjective, so it must agree with the noun.
It is neutral and used in all settings.
'Jaisa' is the 'if/like' part, 'vaisa' is the 'that/so' part.
Yes, but use the oblique case (meri, tumhari, uski).
Yes, often in short phrases.
It will sound ungrammatical, so practice with common nouns.
Yes, 'ke saman' and 'ke bhanti' are formal alternatives.
Scaffolded Practice
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Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
como
Hindi requires gender agreement for 'jaisa'.
comme
Hindi has more complex declension for 'jaisa'.
wie
German 'wie' is invariant.
yōni
Japanese is SOV, Hindi is also SOV but uses postpositions.
mithl
Arabic has complex case endings.
xiang
Chinese has no gender agreement.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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