棄権

A formal agreement or treaty between two or more parties, organizations, or nations to cooperate for specific purposes. It implies a strong bond where members support each other to achieve mutual goals or defense.

A high-ranking government official or civil servant who works in a ministry or administrative body. They are typically career professionals responsible for policy implementation and governance.

Refers to the current state of affairs or the prevailing situation, particularly regarding politics, society, or the economy. It describes how circumstances are shifting or developing at a given moment.

A dispute or conflict between individuals, groups, or nations, often regarding rights, territory, or resources. It refers to both legal disagreements and armed struggles that are not yet classified as full-scale wars.

A member of a legislative assembly or parliament who has been elected to represent the public. It refers to someone who participates in formal discussions and decision-making processes within the government.

Taking the lead or initiative in an activity, project, or organization. It describes who has the power or influence to guide a process.

A formal organization formed by a group of people or entities that have joined together for a common purpose. It is typically translated as 'federation', 'league', or 'alliance' and is frequently used in sports, politics, and industry associations.

A high-ranking government official who is the head of a specific department or ministry. In the Japanese government, these ministers are part of the Cabinet and are appointed by the Prime Minister.

A formal term referring to a country as a sovereign political entity or 'the state'. It describes a nation in terms of its government, borders, and legal system rather than just a geographical place.

和平 (wahei) refers to a state of peace or the restoration of peace, specifically in a diplomatic or formal context between conflicting parties. Unlike the more general word for peace (平和), it often implies the process of ending a war or dispute through negotiation.