均衡 in 30 Seconds
- 均衡 (kinkou) means equilibrium or balance.
- Used in economics, physics, and personal life.
- Implies equal opposing forces for stability.
The Japanese word 均衡 (きんこう - kinkou) refers to a state of balance or equilibrium. Imagine a perfectly balanced scale, where both sides weigh the same. That's the essence of 均衡. It's used in various situations, from describing physical balance to economic stability.
- Physical Balance
- In physics or when discussing posture, 均衡 describes the state of being stable and not falling over. For example, a tightrope walker strives for 均衡.
- Economic Stability
- This is a very common usage. In economics, 均衡 refers to a stable state where opposing forces are equal. For instance, market 均衡 occurs when the supply of a product perfectly matches its demand, preventing shortages or surpluses.
- Personal Well-being
- It can also be used metaphorically to describe a healthy balance in one's life, such as work-life 均衡, meaning a good balance between professional and personal activities.
- Social and Political Balance
- In broader societal contexts, 均衡 can refer to the stable distribution of power, resources, or representation among different groups.
市場の均衡を保つことが重要です。(Shijou no kinkou wo tamotsu koto ga juuyou desu.) - It is important to maintain market equilibrium.
Understanding 均衡 means grasping the concept of stability achieved through the equal opposing forces. It's a fundamental idea in many fields, making it a valuable word to learn.
This word is often used in news reports about economics and business.
The kanji 均 (kin) itself means 'equal' or 'average', and 衡 (kou) relates to 'balance' or 'scale'. Together, they powerfully convey the idea of perfect balance.
Using 均衡 correctly involves understanding its context, whether it's a literal physical balance or a more abstract economic or personal one. Here are some ways to incorporate it into your Japanese sentences.
- Describing Economic States
- A very common use is in economic discussions. You can talk about achieving market 均衡 or the lack thereof.
- Discussing Personal Balance
- When referring to a healthy lifestyle or managing multiple responsibilities, you can use 均衡 to describe the desired state.
- Referring to Physical Stability
- In contexts related to sports, dance, or even everyday actions like walking, 均衡 can describe the state of physical steadiness.
- Expressing Societal Harmony
- You might use 均衡 to talk about a balanced society or a fair distribution of resources.
仕事とプライベートの均衡を見つけるのは難しい。(Shigoto to puraibe-to no kinkou wo mitsukeru no wa muzukashii.) - Finding a balance between work and private life is difficult.
The particle 'を (wo)' is often used to mark what is being balanced, and verbs like '保つ (tamotsu - to maintain)' or '取る (toru - to take/achieve)' are commonly paired with 均衡.
Example Sentence Structure: [Subject] + は (wa) / が (ga) + [Object] + の (no) + 均衡 + を (wo) + [Verb].
Let's look at a few more examples to solidify your understanding of how to use 均衡 in various sentence structures.
You'll encounter 均衡 in a variety of real-world situations, especially in more formal or analytical contexts. Being aware of these contexts will help you recognize and use the word effectively.
- News and Economic Reports
- This is perhaps the most frequent place you'll hear or read 均衡. Discussions about the national economy, stock markets, international trade, and the balance between supply and demand heavily rely on this term.
- Academic Lectures and Textbooks
- In university courses on economics, sociology, political science, and even physics, 均衡 is a fundamental concept explained and discussed.
- Business Meetings and Strategy
- When discussing company finances, resource allocation, or market positioning, managers might refer to achieving a certain 均衡.
- Health and Wellness Discussions
- While less common than in economics, the concept of 'balance' in life, such as work-life 均衡, is sometimes discussed using this term, especially in more formal advice or articles.
- Sports and Physical Training
- Coaches and athletes might use 均衡 to describe the importance of maintaining a stable body position during exercises or performances.
経済ニュースで「均衡」という言葉をよく聞きます。(Keizai nyu-su de 'kinkou' to iu kotoba wo yoku kikimasu.) - I often hear the word 'equilibrium' in economic news.
When listening to Japanese, especially in formal settings, be alert for this word as it signifies a state of balance or stability.
While 均衡 is a precise term, learners might sometimes misuse it by confusing it with similar but distinct concepts, or by using it in contexts where a simpler word would be more appropriate. Here are some common pitfalls to avoid.
- Confusing 均衡 with 平均 (へいきん - heikin)
- This is a very common mistake because the kanji 均 (kin) is present in both words. However, 平均 means 'average' or 'mean', referring to a central value in a set of numbers. 均衡, on the other hand, is about balance between opposing forces. For example, the average temperature (平均気温) is different from the thermal equilibrium (熱的均衡).
- Overusing 均衡 in casual conversation
- 均衡 is a relatively formal word. In everyday chat, you'd more likely use simpler terms for balance, like バランス (baransu - loanword from English 'balance') or 調和 (ちょうわ - chouwa - harmony).
- Applying it to subjective feelings without context
- While 均衡 can refer to personal well-being, using it to describe a fleeting mood might be an overstatement. For instance, saying 'I feel 均衡' is less natural than 'I feel balanced' or 'I feel at peace'. It's better suited for describing a stable state rather than a temporary emotional condition.
- Incorrectly applying it to simple equality
- 均衡 implies a dynamic balance of opposing forces, not just static equality. For example, two equal piles of sand aren't necessarily in 均衡; they are just equal. A seesaw with equal weight on both sides is in 均衡 because gravity is acting on both, and they are balanced.
間違った使い方: 彼の給料は平均的だ。(He is of average salary.)
正しい使い方: 彼の収入と支出の均衡が取れている。(His income and expenses are in balance.)
While 均衡 (kinkou) is a specific term for equilibrium, other Japanese words can express related concepts of balance, harmony, and stability. Understanding these nuances will help you choose the most appropriate word for your context.
- 平均 (へいきん - heikin)
- Difference: As mentioned in common mistakes, 平均 means 'average' or 'mean'. It's a statistical term representing a central tendency. 均衡 is about the balance of opposing forces. Example: 平均寿命 (average lifespan) vs. 健康の均衡 (health equilibrium).
- 調和 (ちょうわ - chouwa)
- Difference: 調和 means 'harmony' or 'concord'. It often implies a pleasing combination of elements, like colors or sounds, or a peaceful coexistence. While related to balance, it's more about aesthetic or social pleasantness than strict equilibrium of forces. Example: 音楽の調和 (musical harmony) vs. 経済の均衡 (economic equilibrium).
- バランス (baransu)
- Difference: This is a direct loanword from English 'balance'. It's widely used in casual and semi-formal contexts and covers a broader range of meanings than 均衡, including physical balance, work-life balance, and even a balance of flavors. 均衡 is more formal and often implies a more precise, scientific, or economic balance. Example: 体のバランスを取る (to keep one's balance) vs. 供給と需要の均衡 (supply and demand equilibrium).
- 安定 (あんてい - antei)
- Difference: 安定 means 'stability' or 'steadiness'. While equilibrium (均衡) often leads to stability, 安定 itself doesn't necessarily imply the balance of opposing forces. A rock is stable (安定している), but it's not necessarily in equilibrium in the sense of 均衡. Example: 政治的安定 (political stability) vs. 市場の均衡 (market equilibrium).
- 等価 (とうか - touka)
- Difference: 等価 means 'equivalent' or 'equal value'. It's about sameness in worth or quantity. 均衡 is about a state of balance achieved through opposing forces, not just simple equality. Example: 金銭的に等価な交換 (monetarily equivalent exchange) vs. 利益と損失の均衡 (balance of profit and loss).
均衡 is a more technical and formal term than バランス.
How Formal Is It?
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Fun Fact
The kanji 衡 (kou) is composed of the radical '金' (kin - metal), suggesting its original use was related to metal scales used for weighing goods. This reinforces the idea of precise measurement and balance.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing 'kou' as a short 'o' sound.
- Not lengthening the 'o' sound in 'kou'.
- Adding an extra syllable or misplacing the stress.
Difficulty Rating
The word 均衡 itself is not exceptionally difficult phonetically, but its meaning is abstract and context-dependent. Understanding its nuances in economics, physics, or philosophy requires a good grasp of vocabulary and abstract concepts. Reading materials that use 均衡 are often of intermediate to advanced difficulty.
Using 均衡 correctly in writing, especially in formal contexts, requires careful consideration of the specific type of balance being described. Avoiding confusion with similar words like 平均 or バランス is crucial.
Pronouncing 均衡 is straightforward. The challenge in speaking lies in knowing when to use it appropriately and naturally, rather than overusing it or using it in informal situations where simpler terms suffice.
Recognizing 均衡 in spoken Japanese can be challenging because it's often used in fast-paced news reports or academic lectures where the surrounding vocabulary is also complex. Its formal nature means it might not appear in casual conversations.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Using the particle 'を (wo)' to mark the object of balance.
市場の均衡を保つ。(Shijou no kinkou wo tamotsu.) - To maintain market equilibrium.
Using 'が (ga)' with verbs like '取れる (toreru)' or '保てる (tahoteru)' to indicate something is balanced.
体の均衡が保てない。(Karada no kinkou ga tahotenai.) - I cannot maintain my body's balance.
Using '～の均衡 (no kinkou)' to specify what is in equilibrium.
感情の均衡を失った。(Kanjou no kinkou wo ushinatta.) - I lost my emotional equilibrium.
Using '～と～の均衡 (to ~ no kinkou)' to describe the balance between two elements.
仕事とプライベートの均衡。(Shigoto to puraibe-to no kinkou.) - The balance between work and private life.
Using '均衡が取れている (kinkou ga torete iru)' to state that something is well-balanced.
この料理は、味の均衡が取れている。(Kono ryouri wa, aji no kinkou ga torete iru.) - This dish has a well-balanced flavor.
Examples by Level
このおもちゃは、二つの部分が均衡しています。
This toy is balanced in two parts.
The particle 'が (ga)' is used to mark the subject of the verb '均衡しています (kinkou shite imasu)'.
シーソーは均衡している。
The seesaw is in equilibrium.
The verb 'している (shite iru)' indicates a continuous state.
彼の足は均衡を保っている。
His feet are maintaining balance.
'を保つ (wo tamotsu)' means 'to maintain'.
この絵は色が均衡している。
The colors in this painting are balanced.
This is a slightly more figurative use, implying visual balance.
二つの力は均衡している。
The two forces are in equilibrium.
'力 (chikara)' means 'force'.
このゲームは均衡が取れている。
This game is balanced.
'が取れている (ga torete iru)' is a common way to say something is balanced or well-managed.
水と油の均衡。
The balance of water and oil.
This is a noun phrase, implying a state of balance.
健康な体は均衡が大切だ。
Balance is important for a healthy body.
'大切だ (taisetsu da)' means 'important'.
経済の均衡を保つことは難しい。
Maintaining economic equilibrium is difficult.
'経済 (keizai)' means economy.
市場では、供給と需要の均衡が重要です。
In the market, the equilibrium of supply and demand is important.
'供給 (kyoukyuu)' means supply, '需要 (juyou)' means demand.
仕事と私生活の均衡を見つけたい。
I want to find a balance between work and private life.
'私生活 (shiseikatsu)' means private life.
この機械は、重さの均衡が取れています。
This machine is balanced in terms of weight.
'機械 (kikai)' means machine.
政府は社会の均衡を保つために努力している。
The government is striving to maintain social equilibrium.
'政府 (seifu)' means government, '社会 (shakai)' means society.
彼のスピーチは、論点の均衡が取れていた。
His speech had a balance of points.
'論点 (ronten)' means point or argument.
この庭園は、自然と人工の均衡が美しい。
The balance between nature and artifice in this garden is beautiful.
'庭園 (teien)' means garden, '自然 (shizen)' means nature, '人工 (jinkou)' means artificial.
栄養の均衡が取れた食事が健康に良い。
A balanced diet is good for health.
'栄養 (eiyou)' means nutrition, '食事 (shokuji)' means meal.
中央銀行は、物価の均衡を維持するために金融政策を調整する。
The central bank adjusts monetary policy to maintain price equilibrium.
'中央銀行 (chuuou ginkou)' means central bank, '物価 (bukka)' means prices, '金融政策 (kin'yuu seisaku)' means monetary policy.
国際関係における力の均衡は、平和を維持するために不可欠である。
The balance of power in international relations is essential for maintaining peace.
'国際関係 (kokusai kankei)' means international relations, '平和 (heiwa)' means peace.
この芸術作品は、色彩と形の均衡が見事に調和している。
This artwork brilliantly harmonizes the balance of color and form.
'色彩 (shikisai)' means color, '形 (katachi)' means form.
長期的には、市場は自然に均衡点へと向かう傾向がある。
In the long term, markets tend to naturally move towards an equilibrium point.
'長期的 (choukiteki)' means long-term, '傾向 (keikou)' means tendency.
環境保護と経済発展の均衡を見出すことが、持続可能な社会の鍵となる。
Finding a balance between environmental protection and economic development is key to a sustainable society.
'環境保護 (kankyou hogo)' means environmental protection, '経済発展 (keizai hatten)' means economic development, '持続可能 (jizoku kanou)' means sustainable.
彼女は、キャリアと家庭生活の均衡を保つために、多くの努力をしている。
She is making a great effort to maintain a balance between her career and family life.
'キャリア (kyaria)' means career, '家庭生活 (katei seikatsu)' means family life.
この法律は、個人の権利と公共の利益との均衡を図るものである。
This law aims to balance individual rights with the public interest.
'個人の権利 (kojin no kenri)' means individual rights, '公共の利益 (koukyou no rieki)' means public interest.
運動不足と過度な運動の均衡を意識することが大切だ。
It is important to be conscious of the balance between lack of exercise and excessive exercise.
'運動不足 (undou busoku)' means lack of exercise, '過度 (kado)' means excessive.
グローバル経済においては、各国の政策が相互に影響し合い、複雑な均衡状態を生み出している。
In the global economy, each country's policies influence each other, creating a complex state of equilibrium.
'グローバル経済 (guro-baru keizai)' means global economy, '相互に (sougo ni)' means mutually.
科学技術の進歩は、社会の均衡を大きく揺るがす可能性を秘めている。
The advancement of science and technology holds the potential to greatly shake the equilibrium of society.
'科学技術 (kagaku gijutsu)' means science and technology, '進歩 (shinpo)' means progress.
この小説は、登場人物たちの心理的な均衡と葛藤を巧みに描いている。
This novel skillfully depicts the psychological equilibrium and conflicts of its characters.
'登場人物 (toujou jinbutsu)' means characters, '心理的 (shinriteki)' means psychological, '葛藤 (kattou)' means conflict.
持続可能な開発目標 (SDGs) は、経済、社会、環境の三つの側面における均衡を目指している。
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim for equilibrium in the three aspects of economy, society, and environment.
'持続可能な開発目標 (jizoku kanou na kaihatsu mokuhyou)' means Sustainable Development Goals, '側面 (sokumen)' means aspect.
金融市場における均衡価格は、常に需給の変動によって影響を受ける。
The equilibrium price in financial markets is constantly affected by fluctuations in supply and demand.
'金融市場 (kin'yuu shijou)' means financial market, '価格 (kakaku)' means price.
芸術家は、感情の爆発と抑制された表現との均衡を追求することが多い。
Artists often pursue a balance between emotional outbursts and restrained expression.
'感情の爆発 (kanjou no bakuhatsu)' means emotional outburst, '抑制 (yokusei)' means restraint.
現代社会では、情報過多の中で真実と虚偽の均衡を見極めることが困難になっている。
In modern society, it is becoming difficult to discern the equilibrium between truth and falsehood amidst information overload.
'情報過多 (jouhou kata)' means information overload, '真実 (shinjitsu)' means truth, '虚偽 (kyogi)' means falsehood.
政治的な安定は、異なる利害関係者間の均衡の上に成り立っている。
Political stability is built upon the equilibrium among different stakeholders.
'利害関係者 (rigai kankeisha)' means stakeholders.
経済学における一般均衡理論は、複数の市場が相互に作用し、全体として一貫した均衡状態が達成されることを前提としている。
General equilibrium theory in economics assumes that multiple markets interact and achieve a consistent equilibrium state as a whole.
'一般均衡理論 (ippan kinkou riron)' means general equilibrium theory, '前提 (zentei)' means premise.
生態系における種の多様性は、捕食者と被食者の間の動的な均衡によって維持されている。
Species diversity in ecosystems is maintained by a dynamic equilibrium between predators and prey.
'生態系 (seitaikei)' means ecosystem, '捕食者 (hoshokusha)' means predator, '被食者 (hishokusha)' means prey.
この哲学者の思想は、理性と感情、あるいは自由と規律といった二項対立の均衡を探求している。
This philosopher's thought explores the equilibrium of dichotomies such as reason and emotion, or freedom and discipline.
'二項対立 (nikou tairitsu)' means dichotomy, '規律 (kiritsu)' means discipline.
現代のデジタル社会は、プライバシー保護と情報共有の間の繊細な均衡を常に問い直している。
Modern digital society is constantly re-examining the delicate equilibrium between privacy protection and information sharing.
'プライバシー保護 (puraibashii hogo)' means privacy protection, '情報共有 (jouhou kyouyuu)' means information sharing.
芸術における抽象化の度合いは、具象性と非具象性の間の均衡によって決定されることが多い。
The degree of abstraction in art is often determined by the equilibrium between figuration and non-figuration.
'抽象化 (chuushouka)' means abstraction, '具象性 (gushousei)' means figuration.
技術革新は、既存の産業構造との均衡を崩し、新たな市場の創出を促す。
Technological innovation disrupts the equilibrium with existing industrial structures, promoting the creation of new markets.
'技術革新 (gijutsu kakushin)' means technological innovation, '産業構造 (sangyou kouzou)' means industrial structure.
国際的な安全保障においては、抑止力と対話の均衡が、紛争の予防に不可欠である。
In international security, the equilibrium between deterrence and dialogue is essential for conflict prevention.
'安全保障 (anzen hoshou)' means security, '抑止力 (yokushiryoku)' means deterrence, '対話 (taiwa)' means dialogue.
個人の自由と社会全体の福祉との間の均衡をどのように達成するかは、永遠の課題である。
How to achieve the equilibrium between individual freedom and the welfare of society as a whole is an eternal challenge.
'福祉 (fukushi)' means welfare, '永遠の課題 (eien no kadai)' means eternal challenge.
経済学における一般均衡モデルは、理論的な枠組みとして、市場メカニズムが自律的に資源配分の均衡へと収束する可能性を示唆する。
The general equilibrium model in economics, as a theoretical framework, suggests the possibility of market mechanisms autonomously converging towards an equilibrium of resource allocation.
'モデル (moderu)' means model, '理論的 (rironteki)' means theoretical, '枠組み (wakugumi)' means framework, '自律的 (jiritsuteki)' means autonomous, '収束 (shuusoku)' means converge.
生物学におけるホメオスタシスは、生体内の恒常性を維持するための、絶え間ない化学的・物理的プロセスの動的な均衡状態である。
Homeostasis in biology is a dynamic equilibrium of constant chemical and physical processes to maintain internal constancy of the living body.
'ホメオスタシス (homeostashisu)' means homeostasis, '恒常性 (koujousei)' means constancy, '化学的 (kagakuteki)' means chemical, '物理的 (butsuriteki)' means physical.
ポスト構造主義においては、言語や意味の固定化を防ぐために、常に流動的で相互に依存し合う要素間の均衡が重視される。
In post-structuralism, the equilibrium between constantly fluid and mutually dependent elements is emphasized to prevent the ossification of language and meaning.
'ポスト構造主義 (posuto kouzou shugi)' means post-structuralism, '流動的 (ryuudouteki)' means fluid, '相互依存 (sougo izon)' means mutual dependence, '重視 (juushi)' means emphasize.
地政学的な観点から見ると、国家間のパワー均衡は、国際秩序の安定と不安定化の両方の要因となり得る。
From a geopolitical perspective, the power equilibrium between nations can be a factor in both the stability and destabilization of the international order.
'地政学的 (chiseigakuteki)' means geopolitical, '国際秩序 (kokusai chitsujo)' means international order.
芸術における計算された不完全性は、完璧さと偶然性との間の均衡を意図的に操作することで、鑑賞者に新たな視覚体験を提供する。
Calculated imperfection in art offers viewers a new visual experience by intentionally manipulating the equilibrium between perfection and chance.
'計算された (keisan sareta)' means calculated, '不完全性 (fukanzen sei)' means imperfection, '偶然性 (guuzensei)' means chance.
現代のガバナンス論では、効率性、公平性、そして説明責任といった価値観の間の複雑な均衡をいかに実現するかが問われている。
Modern governance theory questions how to achieve a complex equilibrium among values such as efficiency, fairness, and accountability.
'ガバナンス (gabanansu)' means governance, '効率性 (kouritsusei)' means efficiency, '公平性 (kouheisei)' means fairness, '説明責任 (setsumei sekinin)' means accountability.
情報技術の急速な発展は、個人の自律性と社会的な相互作用との間の伝統的な均衡を根底から覆しつつある。
The rapid development of information technology is fundamentally overturning the traditional equilibrium between individual autonomy and social interaction.
'情報技術 (jouhou gijutsu)' means information technology, '自律性 (jiritsusei)' means autonomy, '根底から覆す (kontei kara kuudasu)' means to overturn from the root.
環境倫理学は、人間中心主義と非人間中心主義の間の均衡点を見出し、地球上のあらゆる生命の共存を模索する。
Environmental ethics seeks to find an equilibrium between anthropocentrism and non-anthropocentrism, exploring the coexistence of all life on Earth.
'環境倫理学 (kankyou rinrigaku)' means environmental ethics, '人間中心主義 (ningen chuushin shugi)' means anthropocentrism, '共存 (kyouzon)' means coexistence.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— To maintain equilibrium or balance.
アスリートは、常に体の<strong>均衡を保つ</strong>ための訓練をしている。(Asurīto wa, tsune ni karada no <strong>kinkou wo tamotsu</strong> tame no kunren wo shite iru.) - Athletes are always training to maintain their body's <strong>balance</strong>.
— To be in balance or equilibrium; to be well-balanced.
この部屋は、家具の配置の<strong>均衡が取れている</strong>。(Kono heya wa, kagu no haichi no <strong>kinkou ga torete iru</strong>.) - The arrangement of furniture in this room is <strong>well-balanced</strong>.
— Market equilibrium.
市場の<strong>均衡</strong>は、価格が供給と需要によって決定される点である。(Shijou no <strong>kinkou</strong> wa, kakaku ga kyoukyuu to juyou ni yotte kettei sareru ten de aru.) - Market <strong>equilibrium</strong> is the point where price is determined by supply and demand.
— Economic equilibrium.
経済の<strong>均衡</strong>を維持することは、国の安定に不可欠だ。(Keizai no <strong>kinkou</strong> wo iji suru koto wa, kuni no antei ni fukaketsu da.) - Maintaining economic <strong>equilibrium</strong> is essential for national stability.
— Balance of power.
国際関係において、力の<strong>均衡</strong>は平和維持の重要な要素だ。(Kokusai kankei ni oite, chikara no <strong>kinkou</strong> wa, heiwa iji no juuyou na youso da.) - In international relations, the balance of power is an important element for maintaining peace.
— Work-life balance (often uses バランス, but conceptually related to 均衡)
多くの人が、ワークライフ<strong>バランス</strong>の重要性を認識している。(Ookuno hito ga, wa-ku raifu <strong>baransu</strong> no juuyousei wo ninshiki shite iru.) - Many people recognize the importance of work-life <strong>balance</strong>.
— Nutritional balance.
健康のためには、栄養の<strong>均衡</strong>が取れた食事が大切です。(Kenkou no tame ni wa, eiyou no <strong>kinkou</strong> ga toreta shokuji ga taisetsu desu.) - For health, a nutritionally <strong>balanced</strong> diet is important.
— Emotional equilibrium.
怒りを抑え、感情の<strong>均衡</strong>を保つことができた。(Ikari wo osae, kanjou no <strong>kinkou</strong> wo tamotsu koto ga dekita.) - I was able to suppress my anger and maintain emotional <strong>equilibrium</strong>.
— Balanced, well-proportioned.
<strong>均衡のとれた</strong>体型は、健康的な生活の証だ。(<strong>Kinkou no toreta</strong> taikei wa, kenkouteki na seikatsu no akashi da.) - A <strong>well-balanced</strong> physique is a sign of a healthy lifestyle.
— Equilibrium price.
市場における<strong>均衡価格</strong>は、需要と供給が一致する点である。(Shijou ni okeru <strong>kinkou kakaku</strong> wa, juyou to kyoukyuu ga icchi suru ten de aru.) - The <strong>equilibrium price</strong> in the market is the point where demand and supply match.
Often Confused With
Both words share the kanji '均' (kin), but 平均 means 'average' (a statistical mean), while 均衡 means 'equilibrium' or 'balance' between opposing forces. For example, average temperature (平均気温) vs. thermal equilibrium (熱的均衡).
This is a loanword from English and is more general and informal than 均衡. While both mean balance, 均衡 often implies a more precise, technical, or economic balance.
Chouwa means harmony, often implying aesthetic or social pleasantness. 均衡 focuses on the stability achieved through equal opposing forces, which can be harmonious but isn't necessarily about aesthetic appeal.
Idioms & Expressions
— Fifty-fifty; an even chance; a state of equal balance between two outcomes.
この試合はどちらが勝つか、五分五分だ。(Kono shiai wa dochira ga katsu ka, go-bun go-bun da.) - It's a 50/50 chance who will win this match.
Informal— To weigh up; to balance options or pros and cons.
将来のことを、よく天秤にかけて考えなければならない。(Shourai no koto wo, yoku tenbin ni kakete kangaenakereba naranai.) - You must think carefully, weighing up your future.
Neutral— To make two things compatible; to achieve a balance between two things that might seem contradictory.
仕事と育児を両立させるのは大変だ。(Shigoto to ikuji wo ryouritsu saseru no wa taihen da.) - It's difficult to balance work and childcare.
Neutral— Having both advantages and disadvantages; a mixed bag.
この計画には一長一短がある。(Kono keikaku ni wa itchou ittan ga aru.) - This plan has both its pros and cons.
Neutral— To take the middle road; to avoid extremes; to be moderate.
彼はいつも中道を行くタイプだ。(Kare wa itsumo chuudou wo iku taipu da.) - He is always the type to take the middle road.
Neutral— A person who tries to please everyone; a two-faced person; someone who maintains a superficial balance with everyone.
彼女は八方美人だから、誰からも好かれる。(Kanojo wa happou bijin da kara, dare kara mo sukareru.) - Because she tries to please everyone, she is liked by everyone.
Informal/Negative Connotation— To tighten the reins; to rein in; to control something that is getting out of balance.
会社の経費について、そろそろ手綱を締める必要がある。(Kaisha no keihi ni tsuite, sorosoro tazuna wo shimeru hitsuyou ga aru.) - It's about time we tighten the reins on company expenses.
Neutral— To change the tide; to shift the balance of a situation.
彼の発言が、会議の潮目を変えた。(Kare no hatsugen ga, kaigi no shiome wo kaeta.) - His remark changed the tide of the meeting.
Neutral— To thread a needle; to achieve something extremely difficult, requiring great precision and balance.
このプロジェクトを成功させるのは、針の穴を通すような難しさだ。(Kono purojekuto wo seikou saseru no wa, hari no ana wo toosu you na muzukashisa da.) - Making this project succeed is as difficult as threading a needle.
Neutral— The balance of a scale; a delicate balance between two opposing things.
この問題は、天秤の釣り合いを取るのが難しい。(Kono mondai wa, tenbin no tsuriai wo toru no ga muzukashii.) - It's difficult to strike the balance of the scales on this issue.
NeutralEasily Confused
Both words contain the kanji 均 (kin), which relates to 'equal' or 'average'. This visual similarity can lead learners to confuse their meanings.
平均 refers to a statistical average or mean value within a set of data. It's a single representative number. 均衡, on the other hand, describes a state where two or more opposing forces are equal, resulting in stability. It's about a dynamic balance, not just a central tendency.
このクラスの学生の身長の<strong>平均</strong>は170cmです。(Kono kurasu no gakusei no shinchou no <strong>heikin</strong> wa 170cm desu.) - The <strong>average</strong> height of students in this class is 170cm. (Here, 'average' is used). vs. 体の<strong>均衡</strong>を保つことが大切です。(Karada no <strong>kinkou</strong> wo tamotsu koto ga taisetsu desu.) - Maintaining bodily <strong>equilibrium</strong> is important. (Here, 'balance' or 'equilibrium' is used).
It's a direct loanword for 'balance' and is often used in similar contexts, making it seem interchangeable.
バランス is a more general and informal term for balance, covering physical balance, work-life balance, and even balance in taste or color. 均衡 is more formal and specific, often used in economic, scientific, or philosophical contexts to denote a precise equilibrium where opposing forces are exactly matched. For instance, one might talk about the 'work-life balance' (ワークライフバランス) but 'market equilibrium' (市場の<strong>均衡</strong>).
仕事と家庭の<strong>バランス</strong>を取りたい。(Shigoto to katei no <strong>baransu</strong> wo toritai.) - I want to find a <strong>balance</strong> between work and home. vs. 経済の<strong>均衡</strong>を維持することは難しい。(Keizai no <strong>kinkou</strong> wo iji suru koto wa muzukashii.) - Maintaining economic <strong>equilibrium</strong> is difficult.
Both words relate to a state of agreement or pleasantness.
調和 implies harmony, agreement, or a pleasing combination of elements, often with an aesthetic or social connotation. It's about elements fitting together well. 均衡, however, specifically refers to the stability achieved through the exact balancing of opposing forces. While equilibrium can lead to harmony, it's a more technical concept focused on the equality of opposing factors.
音楽の<strong>調和</strong>は心地よい。(Ongaku no <strong>chouwa</strong> wa kokochiyoi.) - The <strong>harmony</strong> of the music is pleasant. vs. 供給と需要の<strong>均衡</strong>が価格を決める。(Kyoukyuu to juyou no <strong>kinkou</strong> ga kakaku wo kimeru.) - The <strong>equilibrium</strong> of supply and demand determines the price.
Equilibrium (均衡) often results in stability (安定).
安定 means stability or steadiness. It describes a state of being firm and not changing. 均衡 is a specific condition that *leads* to stability, where opposing forces are equal. Something can be stable (安定) without necessarily being in equilibrium in the precise sense of 均衡. For example, a heavy rock is stable, but it's not in equilibrium in the way a balanced seesaw is.
この地域は政治的に<strong>安定</strong>している。(Kono chiiki wa seijiteki ni <strong>antei</strong> shite iru.) - This region is politically <strong>stable</strong>. vs. 市場の<strong>均衡</strong>を保つことが重要だ。(Shijou no <strong>kinkou</strong> wo tamotsu koto ga juuyou da.) - Maintaining market <strong>equilibrium</strong> is important.
Both words share the kanji 均 (kin), meaning 'equal' or 'level'.
均等 means equality, uniformity, or fairness in distribution. It refers to things being equal in amount, size, or opportunity. 均衡, while involving equality of forces, is about a dynamic balance between opposing elements that maintain a stable state. 均等 is about sameness, while 均衡 is about balanced opposition.
すべての子供たちに<strong>均等</strong>な機会を与える。(Subete no kodomotachi ni <strong>kintou</strong> na kikai wo ataeru.) - To give all children <strong>equal</strong> opportunities. vs. 収入と支出の<strong>均衡</strong>が取れている。(Shuunyuu to shishutsu no <strong>kinkou</strong> ga torete iru.) - Income and expenses are in <strong>balance</strong>.
Sentence Patterns
[Noun] は 均衡 しています。
シーソーは<strong>均衡</strong>しています。(Shiisoo wa <strong>kinkou</strong> shite imasu.)
[Noun] の 均衡 が 大切だ。
健康の<strong>均衡</strong>が大切だ。(Kenkou no <strong>kinkou</strong> ga taisetsu da.)
[Noun] の 均衡 が 取れている。
栄養の<strong>均衡</strong>が取れている。(Eiyou no <strong>kinkou</strong> ga torete iru.)
[Noun] は [Noun] の 均衡 を 保つ。
政府は経済の<strong>均衡</strong>を<strong>保つ</strong>。(Seifu wa keizai no <strong>kinkou</strong> wo <strong>tamotsu</strong>.)
[Noun] は [Noun] と [Noun] の 均衡 を 図る。
この法律は、権利<strong>と</strong>利益<strong>の</strong><strong>均衡</strong>を<strong>図る</strong>。(Kono houritsu wa, kenri <strong>to</strong> rieki <strong>no</strong> <strong>kinkou</strong> wo <strong>hakaru</strong>.)
[Noun] は 複雑な 均衡 状態 を 生み出す。
グローバル経済は複雑な<strong>均衡状態</strong>を<strong>生み出す</strong>。(Guro-baru keizai wa fukuzatsu na <strong>kinkou joutai</strong> wo <strong>umidashu</strong>.)
[Noun] は [Noun] と [Noun] の 均衡 によって 維持される。
生態系は、捕食者<strong>と</strong>被食者<strong>の</strong><strong>均衡</strong>によって<strong>維持される</strong>。(Seitaikei wa, hoshokusha <strong>to</strong> hishokusha <strong>no</strong> <strong>kinkou</strong> ni yotte <strong>iiji sareru</strong>.)
[Noun] は [Noun] の 均衡 へ 収束する。
市場メカニズムは資源配分<strong>の</strong><strong>均衡</strong>へ<strong>収束する</strong>。(Shijou mekanizumu wa shigen haibun <strong>no</strong> <strong>kinkou</strong> e <strong>shuusoku suru</strong>.)
Word Family
Nouns
Related
How to Use It
Common, especially in formal and technical contexts.
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Confusing 均衡 (kinkou) with 平均 (heikin).
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均衡 means equilibrium or balance between opposing forces. 平均 means average or mean.
Both words share the kanji 均 (kin), leading to confusion. Remember that 均衡 implies a stable state achieved by equal opposing forces, while 平均 is a statistical central value. For example, the average score (平均点) is different from the equilibrium of supply and demand (供給と需要の<strong>均衡</strong>).
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Using 均衡 in casual conversation where バランス (baransu) is more appropriate.
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Use バランス for general balance in informal settings; use 均衡 for formal, technical, or economic contexts.
均衡 is a more formal and specific term. In everyday chat, saying 'work-life balance' is usually done with the loanword ワークライフバランス. Using 均衡 in such a context would sound overly stiff or academic.
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Applying 均衡 to simple equality rather than balanced opposition.
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均衡 describes the balance of opposing forces, not just simple sameness.
Two equal piles of sand are just equal; they are not necessarily in 均衡. A seesaw with equal weights on both sides is in 均衡 because gravity acts on both, and they are balanced. 均衡 implies a dynamic equilibrium where forces are counteracting each other precisely.
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Mispronouncing the 'kou' sound.
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Pronounce 'kou' as a long 'o' sound, similar to the 'o' in 'go'.
The sound in 均衡 (kinkou) is /koʊ/, not /ko/. Failing to lengthen the 'o' sound can alter the word's identity and make it harder for native speakers to understand.
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Using 均衡 when describing a fleeting mood or temporary state.
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Use 均衡 for stable, consistent states of balance, especially in formal contexts.
While 均衡 can apply to personal well-being, it generally refers to a more stable and enduring state of balance. Describing a temporary mood with 均衡 might be an overstatement. For instance, saying 'I feel 均衡' is less natural than 'I feel balanced' or 'I feel peaceful'.
Tips
Focus on Context
均衡 has different nuances depending on the field. When you encounter it, try to identify whether it's being used in an economic, physical, personal, or political context. This will greatly help in understanding its precise meaning in that instance.
Learn with Collocations
Memorize 均衡 not just as a standalone word, but with common phrases like 市場の均衡 (market equilibrium) or 均衡を保つ (to maintain balance). This helps you see how it's used naturally in sentences.
Visualize Balance
Imagine a perfectly balanced scale or a tightrope walker maintaining their posture. These visual aids can help solidify the abstract concept of 均衡 as a state of precise equilibrium.
Differentiate from Similar Words
Actively note the differences between 均衡, 平均 (average), バランス (general balance), and 調和 (harmony). Understanding these distinctions will prevent misuse and enhance your precision in expression.
Read Economic News
A great way to encounter 均衡 in its natural habitat is by reading Japanese news articles or reports on economics, finance, or international affairs. This exposes you to its formal usage and common collocations.
Write Your Own Sentences
After learning the word, try to construct your own sentences using 均衡 in different contexts. This active process of writing helps reinforce your understanding and memory.
Practice Pronunciation
Ensure you pronounce 均衡 (kinkou) correctly, with the stress on the first syllable and a clear, long 'o' sound at the end. Clear pronunciation aids comprehension and confidence.
Understand the Kanji
Knowing that 均 means 'equal' and 衡 means 'balance/scale' provides a strong foundation for understanding the word's core meaning. This etymological insight can make memorization easier.
Relate to Cultural Values
Connect 均衡 to the Japanese cultural value of harmony (和 - wa). This cultural context can make the word's importance and usage more meaningful and memorable.
Find Real-World Examples
Look for examples of 均衡 in textbooks, lectures, or even documentaries. Recognizing how it's applied in different disciplines will deepen your comprehension and retention.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Imagine a king (KIN - sounds like 'kin' in king) on a scale (KOU - sounds like 'cow' but think of a cow balancing on a scale) that is perfectly balanced. The king is in a state of perfect 均衡.
Visual Association
Picture a perfectly balanced seesaw with two identical figures on each end, representing the equal opposing forces. Or, visualize a meticulously arranged Japanese zen garden where every stone and rake line contributes to a sense of perfect 均衡.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to explain the concept of 均衡 to someone who doesn't know Japanese, using only English and analogies. Focus on the idea of opposing forces being equal and leading to stability.
Word Origin
The word 均衡 (kinkou) is a Sino-Japanese word, meaning it was adopted from Chinese characters and their meanings. The kanji themselves have ancient origins in China.
Original meaning: The kanji 均 (kin) means 'equal', 'level', or 'average'. The kanji 衡 (kou) means 'balance', 'scale' (for weighing), or 'measure'. Together, they literally mean 'equal balance' or 'level scale'.
Sino-Xenic (derived from Chinese)Cultural Context
The term 均衡 itself is neutral. However, discussions involving 均衡, particularly in economic or political contexts, can be sensitive depending on the specific situation being described (e.g., economic inequality, political instability).
While 'balance' and 'equilibrium' are common in English, the Japanese term 均衡 carries a slightly more formal and technical connotation, particularly when used in economic or scientific contexts. It often implies a precise, measurable state of balance.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Economics and Finance
- 市場の均衡 (shijou no kinkou)
- 経済の均衡 (keizai no kinkou)
- 供給と需要の均衡 (kyoukyuu to juyou no kinkou)
- 均衡価格 (kinkou kakaku)
- 均衡点 (kinkou ten)
Physics and Science
- 力の均衡 (chikara no kinkou)
- 熱的均衡 (netsuteki kinkou - thermal equilibrium)
- 化学的均衡 (kagakuteki kinkou - chemical equilibrium)
- 静的均衡 (seiteki kinkou)
- 動的均衡 (doutteki kinkou)
Personal Life and Well-being
- ワークライフバランス (wa-ku raifu baransu)
- 栄養の均衡 (eiyou no kinkou)
- 感情の均衡 (kanjou no kinkou)
- 均衡のとれた生活 (kinkou no toreta seikatsu)
Politics and International Relations
- 力の均衡 (chikara no kinkou)
- 政治的均衡 (seijiteki kinkou - political equilibrium)
- 国際秩序の均衡 (kokusai chitsujo no kinkou)
Art and Design
- 色彩の均衡 (shikisai no kinkou - color balance)
- 構図の均衡 (kouzu no kinkou - compositional balance)
- 均整 (kinsei - symmetry, proportion)
Conversation Starters
"最近、仕事とプライベートの均衡をどう取っていますか？"
"経済ニュースで均衡という言葉をよく聞きますが、具体的にどういう意味ですか？"
"健康のために、食事の均衡で気をつけていることはありますか？"
"スポーツ選手は、体の均衡を保つためにどんな練習をしますか？"
"国際関係における「力の均衡」について、どう思いますか？"
Journal Prompts
今日のあなたの生活の中で、どのような<strong>均衡</strong>が保たれていますか？ それはどのように感じますか？
もしあなたが経済大臣なら、国内経済の<strong>均衡</strong>を維持するためにどのような政策を実行しますか？
過去の経験から、<strong>均衡</strong>が崩れたことによって学んだ教訓について書きなさい。
あなたが目指す理想的な「ワークライフ<strong>バランス</strong>」とはどのようなものですか？ それを実現するために何ができますか？
芸術作品や自然の中で、どのような<strong>均衡</strong>や調和を感じますか？ それはあなたにどのような影響を与えますか？
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsThe main difference lies in their meaning. 平均 (heikin) refers to the 'average' or 'mean' of a set of numbers, representing a statistical central value. 均衡 (kinkou), on the other hand, means 'equilibrium' or 'balance', specifically referring to a state where opposing forces are equal, leading to stability. Think of 'average height' (平均身長) versus 'thermal equilibrium' (熱的均衡). The shared kanji 均 (kin) can be confusing, but their applications are distinct.
均衡 is generally more formal and technical than バランス. You would typically use 均衡 when discussing precise states of equilibrium in economics (market equilibrium), physics (forces in balance), or other scientific fields. You might also use it for abstract concepts like 'economic equilibrium' or 'political equilibrium'. バランス is a loanword and is more versatile, used for everyday balance like 'work-life balance', physical balance, or even balance in flavors. If you're talking about a business meeting or an economic report, 均衡 is often more appropriate. In casual conversation about personal life, バランス is usually preferred.
Yes, but with nuance. While you might talk about 'emotional equilibrium' (感情の均衡), it's usually in a more formal or psychological context, referring to a stable, well-managed emotional state. For fleeting feelings or general well-being, simpler terms like 'peaceful' (穏やか - odayaka) or 'relaxed' (リラックス - rirakkusu) might be more natural. 'Work-life balance' (ワークライフバランス) is a common concept that relates to personal well-being, but again, the loanword is more prevalent.
The kanji 衡 (kou) primarily means 'balance', 'scale' (for weighing), or 'measure'. It often implies a tool used for determining equality or proportion. The presence of the 'metal' radical (金) suggests its origin is related to metal scales used for weighing goods, emphasizing its connection to precise measurement and balance.
調和 (chouwa) means 'harmony' and often implies a pleasing combination of elements or peaceful coexistence, frequently used in contexts of art, music, or social relationships. 均衡 (kinkou) specifically refers to a state of equilibrium where opposing forces are exactly equal, leading to stability. While equilibrium can lead to harmony, it's a more technical concept focused on the precise balance of forces. For example, a well-balanced meal (栄養の均衡が取れた食事) might be harmonious, but the term 均衡 focuses on the nutritional equality, not just the pleasant taste.
It is not very common in casual, everyday conversation. For general balance, Japanese speakers usually prefer the loanword バランス (baransu) or simpler expressions. 均衡 is more likely to be encountered in formal settings, news reports, academic discussions, or when discussing specific economic or scientific concepts.
Some common phrases include 市場の均衡 (market equilibrium), 経済の均衡 (economic equilibrium), 均衡を保つ (to maintain equilibrium), and 均衡が取れている (to be in balance/well-balanced). You'll often see it paired with verbs like 保つ (tamotsu - to maintain), 維持する (iji suru - to maintain), or nouns like 点 (ten - point) and 価格 (kakaku - price).
The direct opposite of 均衡 (kinkou) is 不均衡 (fukinkou), which means 'imbalance' or 'disequilibrium'. Other related antonyms or concepts indicating a lack of balance include 偏り (katayori - bias, leaning) and 混乱 (konran - chaos).
Certainly. In physics, 均衡 often refers to a state where net force or torque on an object is zero, resulting in no acceleration. For example, when a book rests on a table, the downward force of gravity is balanced by the upward normal force from the table, achieving a state of 均衡. Another example is when two equal and opposite forces are applied to an object, keeping it stationary.
The concept of 'wa' (和), meaning harmony, peace, and balance, is deeply ingrained in Japanese culture. 均衡 embodies this value by emphasizing the stable state achieved through the equal balancing of opposing elements. In social contexts, achieving harmony often involves finding a balance, and 均衡 can be seen as a more formal or systemic manifestation of this cultural ideal, particularly in economics and societal structures.
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Summary
均衡 (kinkou) is the Japanese word for equilibrium, signifying a state where opposing forces are perfectly balanced, leading to stability. It's frequently used in economic contexts (supply and demand) and can also describe personal well-being or physical steadiness. For example, 市場の<strong>均衡</strong>は経済の安定に不可欠です (Shijou no <strong>kinkou</strong> wa keizai no antei ni fukaketsu desu) - Market <strong>equilibrium</strong> is essential for economic stability.
- 均衡 (kinkou) means equilibrium or balance.
- Used in economics, physics, and personal life.
- Implies equal opposing forces for stability.
Focus on Context
均衡 has different nuances depending on the field. When you encounter it, try to identify whether it's being used in an economic, physical, personal, or political context. This will greatly help in understanding its precise meaning in that instance.
Learn with Collocations
Memorize 均衡 not just as a standalone word, but with common phrases like 市場の均衡 (market equilibrium) or 均衡を保つ (to maintain balance). This helps you see how it's used naturally in sentences.
Visualize Balance
Imagine a perfectly balanced scale or a tightrope walker maintaining their posture. These visual aids can help solidify the abstract concept of 均衡 as a state of precise equilibrium.
Differentiate from Similar Words
Actively note the differences between 均衡, 平均 (average), バランス (general balance), and 調和 (harmony). Understanding these distinctions will prevent misuse and enhance your precision in expression.
Example
需要と供給の均衡を保ちます。
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
Related Phrases
More business words
遅めに
B1Late or later than usual.
経理
B1Accounting, accounts department; managing financial records.
的確な
B1Accurate; precise; exactly correct.
達成する
B1To achieve; to accomplish a goal.
活性化
B2To make something more active, lively, or effective. It is used for communities (revitalization), economies (stimulation), and biological processes (activation).
付加
B2To add or attach something extra to an existing thing to increase its value or function.
優位性
B2The state of being in a superior or more advantageous position compared to others; an edge or competitive advantage.
有利
A2Advantageous, favorable; beneficial in a situation.
有利に
B1Advantageously; favorably.
宣伝する
B1To promote; to publicize; to advertise.
