Zuibun highlights that something is much more than you initially expected.
Word in 30 Seconds
- Used to express a degree higher than expected.
- Can be used for both positive and negative situations.
- Commonly used in everyday Japanese conversation.
Overview
- 1概要:「ずいぶん」は、ある事柄の程度が、話し手の予想や基準を大きく上回っているときに使います。客観的な数値よりも、話し手の主観的な驚きや感情が含まれるのが特徴です。2) 使用パターン:形容詞や動詞を修飾し、「ずいぶん+形容詞」「ずいぶん+動詞」の形で使います。また、数量や期間を強調する際にも頻繁に用いられます。3) 一般的な文脈:日常会話で非常に多用されます。久しぶりに会った相手の変化に対して「ずいぶん変わったね」と言ったり、待ち時間が長かった時に「ずいぶん待った」と不満を表したりするなど、ポジティブ・ネガティブの両面で使用可能です。4) 類語との比較:「とても」は程度の高さを客観的に伝えるのに対し、「ずいぶん」は「予想外である」というニュアンスが強くなります。「かなり」は「ずいぶん」と似ていますが、「かなり」の方がやや客観的な判断に近い響きがあります。
Examples
ずいぶん涼しくなりましたね。
everydayIt has become quite cool, hasn't it?
ずいぶんとお待たせして申し訳ございません。
formalI am very sorry for keeping you waiting for so long.
ずいぶん久しぶりだね!
informalIt's been such a long time!
この理論はずいぶん以前から提唱されていた。
academicThis theory had been proposed quite some time ago.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
ずいぶんですね
That's quite something.
ずいぶん前
quite a long time ago
ずいぶん良くなった
it has improved quite a bit
Often Confused With
While similar, 'kanari' sounds more objective and analytical. 'Zuibun' carries more emotional weight and surprise.
'Totemo' is a general intensifier for degree. 'Zuibun' specifically implies that the degree exceeds the speaker's expectation.
Grammar Patterns
How to Use It
Usage Notes
Zuibun is versatile and works in both positive and negative contexts. It is primarily used in spoken Japanese and informal writing. Avoid using it in extremely formal or high-stakes business correspondence.
Common Mistakes
Some learners use it to modify nouns directly, which is incorrect. It should modify verbs or adjectives. Also, avoid using it with negative words that don't fit the 'degree' context.
Tips
Focus on the speaker's subjective surprise
Always remember that 'zuibun' reflects your personal surprise. If you feel something is 'more than I thought,' this is the perfect word.
Avoid in highly formal documents
While common in speech, it sounds too subjective for formal business reports or academic papers. Use 'hijou ni' instead.
Nuance of long time passage
It is often used when meeting someone after a long time. It implies a sense of nostalgia regarding the passage of time.
Word Origin
Derived from the kanji '随' (following/according to) and '分' (part/degree). It originally meant 'according to the degree of'.
Cultural Context
Japanese culture values modesty; using 'zuibun' can sometimes sound a bit dramatic, so it's often used to show empathy or surprise in social interactions.
Memory Tip
Think of 'Zuibun' as 'Zoo-i-bun' (the zoo is bun-sized?). No, just remember it as 'Zooming' past your expectations!
Frequently Asked Questions
4 questions「とても」は単に程度の高さを表しますが、「ずいぶん」には「予想を超えている」という話し手の主観的な驚きが含まれます。そのため、予想外の状況では「ずいぶん」の方が自然です。
日常会話が中心ですが、ビジネスの場でも「ずいぶんとお待たせしてしまい申し訳ありません」のように、謝罪や感謝の気持ちを強調する際に使われることがあります。
はい、使えます。「ずいぶん変わっていない」のように、長い時間が経過しているのに変化がないことを強調する際に使います。
エッセイやブログなどのカジュアルな書き言葉には適していますが、論文や公的な報告書などの非常に硬い文章では「非常に」や「著しく」が好まれます。
Test Yourself
久しぶりに会った友達に、「___ 雰囲気が変わったね」と言った。
予想以上に変化していることを強調するため「ずいぶん」が最適です。
次のうち、自然な文はどれですか?
「ずいぶん」は程度を表す形容詞や動詞と結びつきます。
(待った / ずいぶん / ので / 疲れました)
「ずいぶん」は動詞の「待った」を修飾します。
Score: /3
Summary
Zuibun highlights that something is much more than you initially expected.
- Used to express a degree higher than expected.
- Can be used for both positive and negative situations.
- Commonly used in everyday Japanese conversation.
Focus on the speaker's subjective surprise
Always remember that 'zuibun' reflects your personal surprise. If you feel something is 'more than I thought,' this is the perfect word.
Avoid in highly formal documents
While common in speech, it sounds too subjective for formal business reports or academic papers. Use 'hijou ni' instead.
Nuance of long time passage
It is often used when meeting someone after a long time. It implies a sense of nostalgia regarding the passage of time.
Examples
4 of 4ずいぶん涼しくなりましたね。
It has become quite cool, hasn't it?
ずいぶんとお待たせして申し訳ございません。
I am very sorry for keeping you waiting for so long.
ずいぶん久しぶりだね!
It's been such a long time!
この理論はずいぶん以前から提唱されていた。
This theory had been proposed quite some time ago.
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
Related Vocabulary
More general words
能力
A1Nouryoku refers to the mental or physical power, skill, or capacity required to perform a specific task or function. It can describe both innate talent and skills acquired through learning and practice.
異常
A1A word used to describe something that deviates from the normal state, standard, or expected pattern. It often implies a problem, malfunction, or an extraordinary occurrence that requires attention or investigation.
~について
A2About, concerning; indicates topic.
〜について
B1About, concerning; on the subject of.
~ぐらい
A2about, approximately
ぐらい
A2About; approximately; to the extent of.
ごろ
A2About, approximately (time).
うえ
A2At a higher position than.
絶対
B1Absolutely; definitely; never.
絶対に
B1Absolutely; definitely.