Even Though: Unexpected Results (-ㄴ/은/는데도)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use -ㄴ/은/는데도 to express that something happened despite an unexpected or contradictory situation.
- Attach -는데도 to action verbs in the present tense (e.g., 먹는데도).
- Attach -ㄴ/은데도 to descriptive verbs (adjectives) based on batchim (e.g., 예쁜데도, 작은데도).
- Use -았/었/였는데도 for past tense actions or states.
Overview
As a Korean learner, you've likely encountered situations where the outcome of an event defies logical expectation. Perhaps you studied diligently but performed poorly on a test, or despite being very busy, you still found time for a favorite hobby. This is precisely the linguistic territory of -ㄴ/은/는데도 (_-n/eun/neunde-do_), a critical B2-level connective ending that expresses an unexpected or contradictory result following a given premise.
It functions as a more emphatic and often emotionally charged equivalent to "even though," "despite the fact that," or "regardless of." Understanding _-ㄴ/은/는데도_ allows you to articulate the subtle frustrations, surprises, or admirations that arise when reality diverges from what one would typically anticipate. It highlights a defiance of expectation, signaling that the second clause occurred despite the conditions of the first.
This pattern is derived from the connective ending -(으)ㄴ/는데 (_-(eu)n/neunde_), which provides background information or a preceding circumstance, combined with the additive particle -도 (_-do_), meaning "even" or "also." The synthesis of these elements creates a robust grammatical structure for expressing concession with an element of surprise or counter-intuitiveness. Mastering _-ㄴ/은/는데도_ moves your Korean beyond simple conjunctions, enabling you to convey a deeper understanding of cause-and-effect relationships and the nuances of human experience.
How This Grammar Works
부자인데도 돈을 잘 안 써요. (_Buja-inde-do don-eul jal an sseoyo._ - Even though they're rich, they don't spend money well/often.) Here, _부자인데_ sets the expectation, and _-도_ highlights the unexpected _안 써요_.열심히 공부했는데도 시험에 떨어졌어요. - _Yeolsimhi gongbuhaenneunde-do siheom-e tteoreojyeosseoyo._ - Even though I studied hard, I failed the exam.), surprise (그렇게 많이 먹는데도 살이 안 찌네요. - _Geureoke mani meogneunde-do sar-i an jjineyo._ - Even though you eat that much, you don't gain weight!), or even admiration for resilience (아픈데도 회사에 나왔어요. - _Apeunde-do hoesa-e nawasseoyo._ - Even though they were sick, they still came to work.). The essence lies in the violation of a predictable consequence, making the second clause stand out as an exception.Formation Pattern
운동하다 (to exercise) → 운동하는데도 (_undonghaneunde-do_ - even though I exercise)
자다 (to sleep) → 자는데도 (_janeunde-do_ - even though I sleep)
읽다 (to read) → 읽는데도 (_ilgneunde-do_ - even though I read)
-았/었-) and then attach -는데도.
가다 (to go) → 갔다 → 갔는데도 (_ganneunde-do_ - even though I went)
보다 (to see) → 봤다 → 봤는데도 (_bwanneunde-do_ - even though I saw)
받다 (to receive) → 받았다 → 받았는데도 (_badanneunde-do_ - even though I received)
시작하다 (to start) → 시작할 건데도 (_sijakhal geonde-do_ - even though I will start)
예쁘다 (to be pretty) → 예쁜데도 (_yeppeunde-do_ - even though it's pretty)
바쁘다 (to be busy) → 바쁜데도 (_bappeunde-do_ - even though I'm busy)
작다 (to be small) → 작은데도 (_jageunde-do_ - even though it's small)
많다 (to be many/much) → 많은데도 (_maneunde-do_ - even though there are many)
있다 (_itda_) and 없다 (_eopda_)
있다 and 없다 always follow the action verb pattern, attaching -는데도.
돈이 있는데도 (_don-i inneunde-do_ - even though I have money)
시간이 없는데도 (_sigan-i eomneunde-do_ - even though I don't have time)
-았/었-) and attach -는데도.
덥다 (to be hot) → 더웠다 → 더웠는데도 (_deowonneunde-do_ - even though it was hot)
길다 (to be long) → 길었다 → 길었는데도 (_gireonneunde-do_ - even though it was long)
어렵다 (to be difficult) → 어려울 건데도 (_eoryeoul geonde-do_ - even though it will be difficult)
이다 (to be)
의사 (doctor) → 의사인데도 (_uisa-inde-do_ - even though I'm a doctor)
주말 (weekend) → 주말인데도 (_jumal-inde-do_ - even though it's the weekend)
어린이 (child) → 어린이였는데도 (_eorin-i-yeonneunde-do_ - even though I was a child)
선생님 (teacher) → 선생님이었는데도 (_seonsaengnim-i-eonneunde-do_ - even though I was a teacher)
실수 (mistake) → 실수일 건데도 (_silsu-il geonde-do_ - even though it will be a mistake)
When To Use It
-ㄴ/은/는데도 is employed in situations where the second clause presents a result that defies or contradicts the expectation set by the first clause. It's not merely connecting two contrasting facts; it actively highlights the surprising, illogical, or emotionally charged nature of the unexpected outcome. This nuance makes it far more impactful than a simple —지만 (but).- 1Expressing Surprise or Disbelief: You use this pattern when you find the second clause genuinely surprising given the condition of the first. The speaker's astonishment or disbelief is a key element.
그렇게 많이 먹는데도 배가 고파요?(_Geureoke mani meogneunde-do baega gopayo?_ - Even though you eat that much, you're still hungry?) - Expresses surprise at continued hunger despite large meal.어제 늦게 잤는데도 오늘 일찍 일어났어요.(_Eoje neutge janneunde-do oneul iljjik ireonasseoyo._ - Even though I slept late yesterday, I woke up early today.) - A surprising ability to wake up despite lack of sleep.
- 1Highlighting Ineffectiveness or Lack of Expected Effect: Often, _-ㄴ/은/는데도_ is used when an action or condition fails to produce its natural or intended consequence.
열심히 공부했는데도 성적이 안 올랐어요.(_Yeolsimhi gongbuhaenneunde-do seongjeog-i an ollasseoyo._ - Even though I studied hard, my grades didn't improve.) - Frustration at effort not yielding expected results.약을 먹었는데도 열이 안 내려요.(_Yag-eul meogeonneunde-do yeor-i an naeryeoyo._ - Even though I took medicine, my fever isn't going down.) - Frustration at medicine's ineffectiveness.
- 1Conveying Admiration or Persistence: When someone overcomes a significant obstacle or persists despite adverse conditions, _-ㄴ/은/는데도_ can convey admiration or respect for their resilience.
다리가 아픈데도 끝까지 뛰었어요.(_Dariga apeunde-do kkeutkkaji ttwieosseoyo._ - Even though their leg hurt, they ran to the end.) - Admiration for perseverance.너무 바쁜데도 항상 웃어요.(_Neomu bappeunde-do hangsang useoyo._ - Even though they're so busy, they always smile.) - Admiration for their positive attitude despite circumstances.
- 1Complaining or Expressing Dissatisfaction: This pattern is frequently used in daily life to voice complaints about situations that are contrary to expectation, often with a hint of exasperation.
돈이 없는데도 자꾸 뭘 사요.(_Don-i eomneunde-do jakku mwol sayo._ - Even though I don't have money, I keep buying things.) - A self-deprecating complaint about spending habits.날씨가 좋은데도 집에만 있어요.(_Nalssiga joeunde-do jibeman isseoyo._ - Even though the weather is good, I'm just staying home.) - A mild complaint about one's own inactivity.
- 1Setting Up a Contrast (Stronger than
-지만): While both—지만and _-ㄴ/은/는데도_ express contrast, _-ㄴ/은/는데도_ emphasizes the unexpectedness of the contrast.—지만can simply state two facts that happen to be different. _-ㄴ/은/는데도_ implies that the first fact should logically preclude the second.
비가 오지만 갈 거예요.(_Biga ojiman gal geo-yeyo._ - It's raining, but I will go.) - Simple contrast.비가 오는데도 갈 거예요.(_Biga oneunde-do gal geo-yeyo._ - Even though it's raining, I will go.) - Emphasizes going despite the rain, possibly with some difficulty or determination.
Common Mistakes
- 1Confusing with
-(으)ㄴ/는데(_-(eu)n/neunde_): This is perhaps the most frequent error, stemming from the fact that _-ㄴ/은/는데도_ incorporates-(으)ㄴ/는데. Remember that-(으)ㄴ/는데primarily serves to provide background information, context, or a reason for the subsequent clause, without necessarily implying an unexpected outcome. It's a neutral connector.
- Incorrect:
비가 오는데 학교에 안 가요.(_Biga oneunde hakgyo-e an gayo._ - It's raining, so I'm not going to school.) - This implies a causal relationship (because it's raining). If the second clause is an expected result,-(으)ㄴ/는데is appropriate. - Correct:
비가 오는데도 학교에 가요.(_Biga oneunde-do hakgyo-e gayo._ - Even though it's raining, I'm going to school.) - This emphasizes the unexpected action of going to school despite the rain.
- 1Overlapping with
-지만(_-jiman_): Both mean "but" or "although," yet their emotional and contextual implications differ significantly.—지만is a neutral conjunction that simply states two contrasting facts without adding a layer of unexpectedness or strong emotion.
날씨가 춥지만 산책했어요.(_Nalssiga chukjiman sanchaekhaesseoyo._ - The weather was cold, but I took a walk.) - A neutral statement of contrast.날씨가 추운데도 산책했어요.(_Nalssiga chuunde-do sanchaekhaesseoyo._ - Even though the weather was cold, I took a walk.) - Implies a stronger sense of defiance against the cold or an unexpected act of perseverance.
—지만 for straightforward contrasts, and _-ㄴ/은/는데도_ when you want to highlight that the second event is surprising or contrary to logical deduction given the first.- 1Incorrect Conjugation for
있다/없다: Many learners incorrectly apply the adjective _batchim_ rule (-은데도) to있다and없다. This is incorrect.있다and없다always follow the action verb conjugation rule, taking -는데도.
- Incorrect:
돈이 있은데도 안 사요.(_Don-i isseunde-do an sayo._) - Correct:
돈이 있는데도 안 사요.(_Don-i inneunde-do an sayo._ - Even though I have money, I don't buy it.)
있다 and 없다 function descriptively in many contexts, but grammatically they behave like action verbs in this pattern.- 1Using for Expected Outcomes: _-ㄴ/은/는데도_ is specifically for unexpected results. Using it when the second clause is a natural consequence of the first sounds awkward and unnatural.
- Incorrect:
열심히 공부했는데도 시험에 합격했어요.(_Yeolsimhi gongbuhaenneunde-do siheom-e hapgyeokhaesseoyo._ - Even though I studied hard, I passed the exam.) - Passing after studying hard is an expected outcome, not an unexpected one. In this case,열심히 공부해서 시험에 합격했어요.(I studied hard, so I passed the exam) or just stating the facts is more appropriate.
- 1Omitting the second clause: _-ㄴ/은/는데도_ is a connective ending; it must connect to a second clause. It cannot stand alone as a complete sentence or be used as a sentence opener. It acts as a bridge, making the complete thought understandable.
- Incorrect:
너무 바쁜데도.(Too busy, even though.) - This is incomplete. - Correct:
너무 바쁜데도 연락을 해 줘서 고마워요.(_Neomu bappeunde-do yeollag-eul hae jwoseo gomawoyo._ - Even though you're so busy, thank you for contacting me.)
Real Conversations
-ㄴ/은/는데도 is a staple in everyday Korean conversation, appearing in diverse contexts from casual chats to more formal expressions of opinion. It captures the often-surprising reality of life.
Scenario 1
Friend A
어제 새벽까지 일했는데도 아직 일이 너무 많아.(_Eoje saebyeokkkaji ilhaenneunde-do ajik il-i neomu mana._)
(Even though I worked until dawn yesterday, I still have too much work.)
Friend B
진짜? 좀 쉬어야 하는 거 아니야?(_Jinjja? Jom swieoya haneun geo aniya?_)
(Really? Shouldn't you rest a bit?)
Scenario 2
Colleague A
김대리님, 아프신데도 회의에 참석하셨네요.(_Kim-daeri-nim, apeusinde-do hoe-ui-e chamseokhasyeotneyo._)
(Assistant Manager Kim, even though you're sick, you attended the meeting.)
Colleague B
네, 중요한 회의라서 어쩔 수 없었어요.(_Ne, junghyohan hoe-ui-raseo eojjeol su eopseosseoyo._)
(Yes, it was an important meeting, so I couldn't help it.)
Scenario 3
Student A
매일 한국 드라마를 보는데도 듣기가 아직 어려워요.(_Maeil hanguk deuramareul boneunde-do deutgi-ga ajik eoryeowoyo._)
(Even though I watch Korean dramas every day, listening is still difficult.)
Student B
저도 그래요. 꾸준히 하면 늘겠죠 뭐.(_Jeo-do geuraeyo. Kkujunhi hamyeon neulg겠죠 mwo._)
(Me too. If we do it consistently, it'll improve, I guess.)
Scenario 4
해체)세 시간이나 잤는데도 피곤한 거 실화냐...
(_Se sigann-ina janneunde-do pigonhan geo silhwanya..._)
(Is it real that I'm tired even though I slept for three hours...)
These examples showcase the pattern's common application in highlighting a surprising gap between effort and outcome, a person's determination, or general life ironies. The tone can range from mildly exasperated to genuinely admiring, depending on the context.
Quick FAQ
Not necessarily, though it often implies a negative or problematic outcome relative to an expected positive one. However, it can also highlight a surprising positive outcome despite a negative condition, or simply an outcome that defies general expectation regardless of its positive or negative valence. For example: 돈이 없는데도 행복해요. (_Don-i eomneunde-do haengbokhaeyo._ - Even though I don't have money, I'm happy.) Here, "happy" is a positive state, but it's unexpected given the lack of money.
Both express "even though" or "although," but with a subtle distinction in nuance. _-어도/아도_ often implies a stronger sense of irrespective of or no matter what. It can suggest a hypothetical or a certainty that the first clause will not affect the second. _-ㄴ/은/는데도_ focuses more on the actual factual circumstance of the first clause and the unexpectedness of the second clause given that fact.
아파도 학교에 갈 거예요.(_Apado hakgyo-e gal geo-yeyo._ - Even if I'm sick, I will go to school.) - More hypothetical or determined, irrespective of sickness.아픈데도 학교에 갔어요.(_Apeunde-do hakgyo-e gasseoyo._ - Even though I was sick, I went to school.) - Focuses on the surprising fact that one did go despite being sick.
No. _-ㄴ/은/는데도_ is a connective ending, meaning it must connect two clauses within a single sentence. It attaches to the stem of the first clause and introduces the second clause. It cannot stand alone or initiate a sentence. Think of it as a bridge, not a starting point.
The politeness of the sentence is determined by the ending of the final verb or adjective in the second clause, not by _-ㄴ/은/는데도_ itself. So, you would use 합니다체 (formal polite), 아요/어요체 (standard polite), or 해체 (casual/intimate) depending on your listener and the context.
- Formal:
바쁘신데도 시간을 내주셔서 감사합니다.(_Bappeusinde-do sigan-eul naejusyeoseo gamsahamnida._ - Even though you are busy, thank you for making time.) - Polite:
바쁜데도 연락해 줘서 고마워요.(_Bappeunde-do yeollakhaejwoseo gomawoyo._ - Even though you're busy, thank you for contacting me.) - Casual:
바쁜데도 연락했네.(_Bappeunde-do yeollakhaetne._ - Even though you're busy, you contacted me.)
While not strictly fixed expressions, you'll frequently hear it in common complaints or observations. For instance, 아무리 ~는데도 (_amuri ~neunde-do_ - no matter how much/hard ~ even though...) is a common intensifier, emphasizing the extent of the effort or condition that still leads to an unexpected result. Example: 아무리 노력하는데도 안 되네요. (_Amuri noryeokhaneunde-do an doeneyo._ - No matter how hard I try, it's not working.) This highlights the persistent failure despite maximum effort.
Conjugation Rules for -ㄴ/은/는데도
| Verb Type | Present Tense | Past Tense | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Action Verb
|
-는데도
|
-았/었/였는데도
|
먹다 -> 먹는데도
|
|
Descriptive (Vowel)
|
-ㄴ데도
|
-았/었/였는데도
|
예쁘다 -> 예쁜데도
|
|
Descriptive (Consonant)
|
-은데도
|
-았/었/였는데도
|
작다 -> 작은데도
|
|
Noun
|
-(이)라는데도
|
-이었/였는데도
|
학생 -> 학생이라는데도
|
Meanings
This grammar expresses a contrast where the second clause happens despite the situation described in the first clause.
Unexpected Concession
Highlighting a result that defies expectations based on the first clause.
“열심히 공부했는데도 시험에 떨어졌어요.”
“돈이 많은데도 행복하지 않아요.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Verb + 는데도
|
가는데도 (Even though I go)
|
|
Past
|
Verb + 았/었/였는데도
|
갔는데도 (Even though I went)
|
|
Descriptive
|
Adj + ㄴ/은데도
|
예쁜데도 (Even though it's pretty)
|
|
Noun
|
Noun + (이)라는데도
|
의사라는데도 (Even though he's a doctor)
|
|
Negative
|
안 + Verb + 는데도
|
안 먹는데도 (Even though I don't eat)
|
|
Question
|
Verb + 는데도?
|
먹는데도 배가 고파요? (Even though you ate, are you hungry?)
|
Formality Spectrum
비싼데도 불구하고 구매했습니다. (Shopping)
비싼데도 샀어요. (Shopping)
비싼데도 샀어. (Shopping)
비싼데도 질렀어. (Shopping)
The Logic of -는데도
Expectation
- 비가 온다 It rains
Reality
- 축구를 한다 Playing soccer
Examples by Level
비가 오는데도 나가요.
Even though it's raining, I'm going out.
피곤한데도 공부해요.
Even though I'm tired, I study.
배가 고픈데도 안 먹어요.
Even though I'm hungry, I don't eat.
추운데도 운동해요.
Even though it's cold, I exercise.
비싼데도 샀어요.
Even though it was expensive, I bought it.
어려운데도 잘해요.
Even though it's difficult, he does it well.
늦었는데도 출발했어요.
Even though it was late, we left.
아픈데도 일해요.
Even though I'm sick, I'm working.
열심히 했는데도 실패했어요.
Even though I worked hard, I failed.
약속했는데도 안 왔어요.
Even though we promised, he didn't come.
경고했는데도 계속했어요.
Even though I warned him, he continued.
미안한데도 말 못 했어요.
Even though I felt sorry, I couldn't say it.
정부의 발표에도 불구하고 경제는 나빠졌어요.
Despite the government's announcement, the economy worsened.
그의 노력에도 불구하고 결과는 좋지 않았어요.
Despite his efforts, the result was not good.
분명히 설명했는데도 이해하지 못해요.
Even though I explained it clearly, they don't understand.
위험한데도 그 일을 계속할 거예요.
Even though it's dangerous, I will continue that work.
그는 자신의 잘못을 인지하고 있는데도 사과하지 않는다.
Even though he is aware of his mistake, he does not apologize.
모든 증거가 있는데도 범인을 잡지 못했다.
Even though all evidence exists, they couldn't catch the culprit.
상황이 악화되는데도 아무런 조치를 취하지 않았다.
Even though the situation is worsening, they took no action.
그녀는 재능이 있는데도 자신감이 부족하다.
Even though she has talent, she lacks confidence.
그토록 간절히 원했는데도 결국 얻지 못했다.
Even though I wanted it so desperately, I didn't get it in the end.
사회적 합의가 있는데도 정책은 표류하고 있다.
Even though there is social consensus, the policy is drifting.
그의 명성에도 불구하고 그는 겸손함을 잃지 않았다.
Despite his fame, he did not lose his humility.
수많은 반대에도 불구하고 법안은 통과되었다.
Despite numerous oppositions, the bill was passed.
Easily Confused
Both show contrast.
Both mean 'despite'.
Both mean 'even if'.
Common Mistakes
비가 오는데도 축구해요.
비가 오는데도 축구를 해요.
예쁜데도 예뻐요.
예쁜데도 안 예뻐요.
먹는데도 배고파.
먹었는데도 배고파.
공부하는데도 잘해요.
공부 안 하는데도 잘해요.
비싼데도 샀다.
비싼데도 샀어요.
아픈데도 일한다.
아픈데도 일해요.
늦는데도 갔다.
늦었는데도 갔다.
노력했는데도 불구하고 실패했다.
노력했는데도 실패했다.
비가 오지만도 나갔다.
비가 오는데도 나갔다.
그는 학생인데도 공부 안 한다.
그는 학생인데도 공부를 안 한다.
그가 말하는데도 불구하고...
그가 말하는데도...
상황이 나쁘는데도...
상황이 나쁜데도...
그는 부자인데도 불구하고...
그는 부자인데도...
그것은 사실인데도 불구하고...
그것은 사실인데도...
Sentence Patterns
___(으)ㄴ데도 불구하고 ___
___(으)ㄴ데도 ___
___(이)라는데도 ___
___(으)ㄹ지라도 ___
Real World Usage
피곤한데도 운동 완료!
어려운 상황인데도 포기하지 않았습니다.
비가 오는데도 배달해 주셔서 감사합니다.
추운데도 야경이 정말 예뻤어요.
반대에도 불구하고 법안이 통과되었습니다.
바쁜데도 연락 줘서 고마워.
Check your verb type
Don't over-use
Use with past tense
Politeness matters
Smart Tips
Add '정말' or '의외로' to the second clause.
Use -에도 불구하고 instead of -는데도.
Always use the past tense marker -았/었/였는데도.
Use -ㄴ/은데도 to highlight a contradiction in personality.
Pronunciation
Consonant assimilation
The 'ㄴ' in -는데도 often causes the preceding consonant to nasalize.
Rising-Falling
비가 오는데도 ↗↘
Conveys the surprise or emphasis on the unexpected nature.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of '는데도' as 'No-do' (No, I do it anyway!).
Visual Association
Imagine a person walking through a heavy storm with an umbrella, smiling. The rain (expectation) is heavy, but the person is walking (reality).
Rhyme
The rain is falling, I'm walking through, -는데도 is the word for you.
Story
Min-su studied all night. He was very tired. Despite his exhaustion, he went to the exam. He passed! He used -는데도 to tell his friends: '피곤한데도 시험을 잘 봤어요.'
Word Web
Challenge
Write 3 sentences about things you do despite being tired or busy.
Cultural Notes
Used to show dedication despite hardship.
Used to express academic pressure.
Used to show politeness when declining or explaining.
Derived from the connective -는데 (background information) plus the particle -도 (also/even).
Conversation Starters
오늘 날씨가 안 좋은데도 나갈 거예요?
열심히 공부했는데도 시험을 못 봤어요?
비싼데도 왜 이 물건을 샀어요?
그는 부자인데도 왜 행복하지 않을까요?
Journal Prompts
Common Mistakes
Test Yourself
비가 ___ 나가요.
Find and fix the mistake:
비싼데도 불구하고 샀다.
___ 공부했는데도 시험에 떨어졌어요.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
A: 공부 안 했어? B: ___.
Use '아프다' and '일하다'.
Action verbs use -ㄴ데도.
Score: /8
Practice Exercises
8 exercises비가 ___ 나가요.
Find and fix the mistake:
비싼데도 불구하고 샀다.
___ 공부했는데도 시험에 떨어졌어요.
비가 / 나갔다 / 오는데도
피곤한데도 일해요.
A: 공부 안 했어? B: ___.
Use '아프다' and '일하다'.
Action verbs use -ㄴ데도.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercises__ 공부를 너무 안 해요.
다이어트 하는데도 살이 안 빠지는데도.
한국어 / 사람인데도 / 한국 / 잘못해요 / 저는
한 시간이나 기다렸는데도 버스가 안 왔어요.
Select the most emphatic sentence:
Match these clauses:
주변이 __ 잠이 안 와요.
A: 그 영화 봤어? B: 응, ___.
선생님은 연세가 많은데도 건강하세요.
번역기를 사용하는데도 이해가 안 돼요.
Score: /10
FAQ (8)
Yes, use -(이)라는데도. For example, '학생이라는데도 똑똑해요.'
It is neutral and used in both formal and informal speech.
-지만 is simple contrast; -는데도 implies surprise or unexpected results.
Yes, use -았/었/였는데도.
Yes, it is very common for expressing frustration or irony.
Yes, use -ㄴ/은데도.
Because -에도 불구하고 already means 'despite', so using both is like saying 'despite despite'.
Try writing sentences about your daily struggles using this pattern.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
のに (noni)
Japanese particles are more flexible in word order.
aunque
Spanish uses subjunctive mood for hypothetical contrast.
obwohl
German syntax changes significantly.
bien que
French requires mood change.
尽管 (jǐnguǎn)
Chinese is an isolating language without conjugation.
على الرغم من (ala al-raghm min)
Arabic is a prepositional phrase.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Related Grammar Rules
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