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A2 adjective 9 min read

미완료되다

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Examples
Explanation 미완료되다 in your Level:
At the A1 beginner level, the word 미완료되다 is generally considered too advanced and formal for active production. Beginners should focus on basic survival vocabulary and simple sentence structures. However, it is highly beneficial for A1 learners to recognize this word visually, especially if they are living in South Korea or using Korean websites and applications. When you use a Korean app, try to buy something online, or download a file, you might see a pop-up message with this word. It simply means that whatever you were trying to do did not finish. You do not need to know how to conjugate it perfectly or use it in a sentence yet. Just remember the visual shape of the characters and associate them with a red warning sign or an incomplete progress bar. If you see 미완료, it means 'not finished'. For speaking, A1 learners should rely on simpler phrases like '안 끝났어요' (It is not finished). By focusing on recognition rather than production, beginners can reduce frustration while still acquiring practical, real-world vocabulary that helps them navigate digital environments in Korea.
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At the A2 elementary level, learners begin to understand the building blocks of Korean vocabulary, particularly the difference between native Korean words and Sino-Korean (Hanja) words. You should start recognizing the prefix 미 (mi), which means 'not yet' or 'incomplete'. This prefix appears in many useful words. You also learn the passive verb ending 되다 (to become/be done), which is contrasted with the active verb ending 하다 (to do). At this stage, you should practice reading simple sentences where 미완료되다 is used as the main verb at the end of the sentence, typically in the polite formal form (미완료되었습니다) or the standard polite form (미완료됐어요). You will most likely encounter this word in reading exercises about daily life administration, such as going to the bank, using the post office, or registering for classes. Practice translating simple sentences like 'The payment is incomplete' (결제가 미완료되었습니다). While you might still prefer using simpler words in casual conversation, being able to actively read and understand this word in context is a significant milestone for an A2 learner, paving the way for more complex administrative vocabulary in the future.
At the B1 intermediate level, the expectation shifts from mere recognition to active use in appropriate contexts. You should now be comfortable using 미완료되다 in written communication, such as emails to professors or customer service representatives. You must master its conjugation, particularly the past tense modifier form 미완료된 (incomplete), which allows you to place the adjective directly in front of a noun (e.g., 미완료된 작업 - incomplete task). This is a crucial grammatical structure that makes your sentences sound much more fluent and native-like. At the B1 level, you should also be able to explain why something is incomplete using conjunctions like -기 때문에 (because of) or -어서/아서 (so/because). For example, '결제가 미완료되었기 때문에 다시 시도해 주세요' (Because the payment is incomplete, please try again). You should clearly understand the distinction between this formal word and casual alternatives like 다 안 끝나다. Using formal vocabulary in formal situations and casual vocabulary in casual situations is a key competency at the B1 level, demonstrating your growing awareness of Korean social pragmatics and register.
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At the B2 upper-intermediate level, learners are expected to have full command over 미완료되다 and its various contextual nuances. You should easily distinguish it from similar words like 미완성되다 (unaccomplished, used for art/creative works) and appropriately choose between them based on the subject matter. At this level, you are likely reading Korean news articles, business reports, or technical documents where this word appears frequently. You should be able to incorporate it into complex sentence structures, using advanced grammar patterns like -는 바람에 (as a negative consequence of) or -을/를 막론하고 (regardless of). For instance, '시스템 오류로 인해 데이터 전송이 미완료되는 바람에 큰 문제가 발생했습니다' (A big problem occurred because the data transmission was incomplete due to a system error). Your pronunciation of the contracted forms, such as 미완료됐습니다, should be natural and fluid. Furthermore, you should be able to discuss abstract concepts related to incomplete processes, such as project management, bureaucratic delays, and software development cycles, using this vocabulary word as a core component of your professional lexicon.
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At the C1 advanced level, 미완료되다 is a completely internalized part of your vocabulary, used effortlessly in professional, academic, and technical discourse. You understand the subtle implications of using this passive structure to diffuse blame or maintain objectivity in professional settings. Instead of saying '제가 일을 다 못 끝냈습니다' (I couldn't finish the work), which sounds personal and potentially apologetic, you know to use '현재 몇 가지 업무가 미완료된 상태입니다' (Currently, a few tasks are in an incomplete state) to sound objective, professional, and emotionally detached, which is highly valued in Korean corporate culture. You can easily read and draft complex legal or administrative documents, user manuals, and technical specifications that utilize this terminology. You are also capable of understanding and engaging in debates or presentations where the status of ongoing projects, unresolved issues, or pending legislation is discussed. At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item; it is a tool for navigating the complex socio-linguistic landscape of high-level Korean professional environments, demonstrating your mastery of tone, register, and professional etiquette.
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At the C2 mastery level, your use of 미완료되다 is indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker. You possess a deep, intuitive understanding of its etymological roots in Hanja (未完了), allowing you to effortlessly deduce the meanings of countless other advanced words sharing these characters. You can play with the language, perhaps using the word in slightly unconventional or metaphorical ways in literary or rhetorical contexts to emphasize the perpetual incompletion of human endeavors or philosophical concepts, though its primary domain remains technical and administrative. You effortlessly correct subtle mistakes made by lower-level learners, not just in grammar, but in stylistic appropriateness. You can write comprehensive corporate policies, complex software architecture documentation, or academic papers detailing incomplete data sets or unresolved research variables using this term flawlessly. Your command of the word encompasses all regional accents, rapid speech contractions, and highly specialized industry jargon where the concept of incompletion is critical. At C2, the word is fully integrated into your cognitive linguistic framework, deployed with absolute precision and cultural resonance.
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Examples
The Korean word 미완료되다 is an essential vocabulary item for intermediate to advanced learners, representing the state of something being incomplete, unfinished, or not yet fully resolved. Understanding this word requires a deep dive into its morphological structure, which is heavily rooted in Sino-Korean characters, commonly known as Hanja. The word is composed of three distinct parts: the prefix 미 (mi), the root noun 완료 (wan-ryo), and the passive verb suffix 되다 (doe-da). The prefix 미 (未) translates directly to 'not yet' or 'un-', indicating that a certain state has not been achieved. The noun 완료 (完了) means 'completion' or 'conclusion', often used in formal, academic, or professional contexts. When combined, 미완료 forms a noun phrase meaning 'incompletion'. Finally, the suffix 되다 transforms this noun into a passive verb or adjective, meaning 'to become incomplete' or 'to be left unfinished'. This structure is highly productive in Korean, allowing speakers to create numerous vocabulary words by attaching different Hanja roots to these prefixes and suffixes.
Morphological Breakdown
The prefix 미 (mi) is crucial for understanding negative states in Korean. It is used in words like 미성년자 (minor, not yet adult) and 미정 (undecided).

작업이 아직 미완료되다.

In everyday speech, Koreans might simply say 다 안 끝났다 (it is not all finished), but in a professional setting, using 미완료되다 demonstrates a higher level of fluency and professionalism. For instance, when you are looking at a project management dashboard, tasks that are still pending will often be labeled as 미완료 (incomplete). This distinction between spoken and written Korean is a hallmark of reaching the B2 to C1 levels of proficiency.
Contextual Usage
You will frequently encounter this term in IT and software environments. When a download fails or an installation process is interrupted, the system prompt will often display a message indicating that the process is unfinished.

결제가 미완료된 상태입니다.

Furthermore, understanding the passive nature of 되다 is vital. In English, we often use adjectives like 'incomplete' to describe a state, but in Korean, the state is often described using a passive verb construction. This means that the subject of the sentence is the thing that is incomplete, and it is receiving the action of not being finished.

설치가 미완료되었습니다.

Grammar Integration
This word frequently pairs with state-indicating grammar patterns such as -아/어 있다 (to be in the state of) or modifies nouns using the past/perfective modifier -은/ㄴ.

그 프로젝트는 아직 미완료된 과제입니다.

다운로드가 미완료되어 다시 시도해야 합니다.

To truly master this word, learners must expose themselves to a variety of formal texts. Reading Korean news articles, software update logs, and corporate emails will provide the necessary context to internalize its usage. The distinction between active completion and passive incompletion is a fundamental aspect of Korean syntax that reflects a broader cultural tendency to attribute states to circumstances rather than direct human action, especially when things go wrong or remain unfinished.
Using 미완료되다 correctly in sentences requires a solid grasp of Korean sentence structure, particularly regarding subject markers and verb conjugations. Because it functions as a passive verb describing a state, the subject of the sentence is almost always an inanimate object, an abstract concept, a task, or a process. The most common particles used with the subject are 이 or 가, which explicitly mark the noun that is in the state of being incomplete.
Subject Particles
Always pair this verb with 이/가 for the subject. For example, 결제가 미완료되다 (The payment is incomplete) uses 가 because 결제 ends in a vowel.

회원가입 절차가 미완료되었습니다.

When conjugating this word, you must pay attention to the formality level of your speech or writing. In formal written documents, you will see the plain form 미완료된다 or the formal polite form 미완료되었습니다. In slightly less formal but still professional spoken contexts, 미완료됐어요 is common.
Conjugation Patterns
The root 되다 conjugates to 되어, which often contracts to 돼. Therefore, the past tense is 미완료되었다 or 미완료됐다.

업데이트가 미완료된 상태로 종료되었습니다.

Another critical grammatical function is its use as a noun modifier. To describe a noun as being incomplete, you attach the past/perfective modifier -은/ㄴ to the verb stem. This creates the form 미완료된, which translates to 'incomplete' or 'unfinished' and is placed directly before the noun it describes.

미완료된 서류를 제출해 주세요.

Connecting Clauses
To explain a consequence of something being incomplete, use connective endings like -어서/아서 (because) or -기 때문에 (due to).

인증이 미완료되어서 로그인이 불가능합니다.

송금이 미완료되기 때문에 다시 확인 바랍니다.

By mastering these syntactic structures, learners can accurately convey the precise state of various tasks and processes. This is particularly important for anyone planning to work in South Korea, study at a Korean university, or navigate Korean digital platforms, where precise communication regarding the status of applications, payments, and digital processes is absolutely mandatory for success and avoiding misunderstandings.
The context in which you encounter 미완료되다 is highly specific and heavily leans toward professional, administrative, and technological domains. You are highly unlikely to hear this word at a casual dinner with friends or while chatting about weekend plans. Instead, this vocabulary belongs to the realm of formal communication, user interfaces, and official documentation. One of the most common places you will see this word is on your computer or smartphone screen. Korean software, applications, and websites use precise terminology to indicate the status of user actions.
Digital Interfaces
Whenever a process like a file download, software installation, or data sync is interrupted or fails to reach 100%, the system will flag it using this term.

데이터 동기화가 미완료되었습니다.

Another major domain is e-commerce and banking. South Korea boasts one of the most advanced digital banking and online shopping infrastructures in the world. When navigating these systems, transactions go through various statuses: pending, processing, completed, or incomplete. If you fail to authenticate your identity, if a credit card is declined, or if you close the browser before the final confirmation, the transaction status will be marked as incomplete.
Financial Transactions
In banking apps, a failed transfer due to insufficient funds or a network error will often trigger an alert containing this exact vocabulary word.

이체가 미완료된 거래 내역입니다.

Corporate Environments
In offices, project management software like Jira, Asana, or local Korean equivalents use this term to label tasks that are still in the backlog or currently being worked on but not yet finished.

오늘까지 미완료된 업무를 보고하세요.

서명 절차가 아직 미완료되었습니다.

심사가 미완료되어 결과가 나오지 않았습니다.

Finally, in academic settings, particularly in university administration, this word is used for course registrations, graduation requirements, and document submissions. If a student has not submitted all required paperwork for a scholarship, their application status will reflect this incompletion. Understanding this word in these varied, formal contexts is essential for integrating into Korean society, handling administrative tasks independently, and navigating the highly digitized landscape of modern South Korea without constantly relying on translation applications.
When learning advanced Korean vocabulary, especially Sino-Korean words ending in -하다 or -되다, English speakers frequently make specific, predictable errors. The most prominent mistake with 미완료되다 involves confusing the active and passive voices. In English, we might say 'I did not complete the task', which uses an active verb. A learner might try to translate this directly into Korean by saying '제가 작업을 미완료했어요' (I incompleted the task). While grammatically possible in a strict structural sense, this sounds highly unnatural to native Korean speakers.
Active vs Passive
미완료 is typically treated as a state, not an action that a person actively performs. Therefore, you should describe the object as being incomplete using the passive 되다.

작업이 미완료되었습니다. (Correct - The task is incomplete)

Another frequent mistake is confusing 미완료되다 with similar-sounding or similar-meaning words, particularly 미완성되다. While both indicate that something is not finished, their nuances are different.
Nuance Differences
완료 (completion) refers to tasks, processes, transactions, and events. 완성 (accomplishment/creation) refers to physical objects, art, architecture, or creative projects.

그림이 아직 미완성되었습니다. (Correct for art)

결제가 아직 미완료되었습니다. (Correct for process)

Furthermore, learners often struggle with the pronunciation and spelling changes that occur when 되다 is conjugated. Because the standard polite past tense is 되었습니다, it is frequently contracted to 됐습니다 in speech and writing. A common spelling error among both learners and native speakers is writing 됬습니다 instead of 됐습니다. The letter 됬 does not exist in standard Korean orthography.
Spelling Rules
Always remember that 돼 is a contraction of 되어. If you can replace the syllable with 되어 and it makes sense, you must spell it as 돼.

처리가 미완료됐습니다. (Correct spelling)

처리가 미완료됬습니다. (Incorrect spelling)

By paying close attention to the passive nature of the word, differentiating it from creative incompletion (미완성), and mastering the spelling of the 돼 contraction, learners can avoid the most common pitfalls associated with this formal and highly useful vocabulary term.
Expanding your vocabulary means not only learning a single word but also understanding its synonyms, antonyms, and related terms to choose the most appropriate expression for any given situation. While 미완료되다 is excellent for formal, administrative, or technological contexts, there are many other ways to express that something is unfinished in Korean.
Native Korean Alternatives
The most common alternative in spoken, everyday Korean is using the native verb 끝나다 (to finish/end) with a negative particle. 다 안 끝나다 (not completely finished) or 덜 끝나다 (less than finished) are perfect for casual conversations.

숙제가 아직 다 안 끝났어요.

Sino-Korean Synonyms
As mentioned previously, 미완성되다 (to be unaccomplished/unmade) is a crucial synonym with a different nuance, used for art, architecture, and creative endeavors. Another related term is 진행 중이다 (to be in progress).

현재 시스템 점검이 진행 중입니다.

Antonyms
The direct antonym is 완료되다 (to be completed). This is simply the root word without the negative prefix 미. You will see this everywhere in Korea, from washing machines finishing a cycle to successful banking transactions.

모든 절차가 성공적으로 완료되었습니다.

다운로드가 완료되었습니다.

결제가 정상적으로 완료되었습니다.

Understanding these nuances allows you to tailor your speech to the specific situation, demonstrating a high degree of cultural and linguistic competence. Knowing when to use a formal Sino-Korean passive verb versus a casual native Korean active verb is one of the definitive markers of an advanced Korean speaker.
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Examples by Level

1

작업이 미완료되다.

The work is incomplete.

Subject particle 이 is used with 작업 (work).

2

다운로드가 미완료되다.

The download is incomplete.

Subject particle 가 is used with 다운로드 (download).

3

결제가 미완료되다.

The payment is incomplete.

결제 (payment) takes the particle 가.

4

설치가 미완료되다.

The installation is incomplete.

설치 (installation) is the subject.

5

업데이트가 미완료되다.

The update is incomplete.

업데이트 (update) takes the particle 가.

6

전송이 미완료되다.

The transmission is incomplete.

전송 (transmission) takes the particle 이.

7

등록이 미완료되다.

The registration is incomplete.

등록 (registration) takes the particle 이.

8

처리가 미완료되다.

The processing is incomplete.

처리 (processing) takes the particle 가.

1

결제가 미완료되었습니다.

The payment has been incomplete.

Formal polite past tense ending -었습니다 is used.

2

다운로드가 미완료됐어요.

The download is incomplete.

Standard polite past tense contraction 됐어요 is used.

3

아직 작업이 미완료된 상태입니다.

The work is still in an incomplete state.

Modifier -은/ㄴ is used to describe 상태 (state).

4

회원가입이 미완료되었습니다.

The member registration is incomplete.

회원가입 (registration) is a common context.

5

왜 설치가 미완료되었나요?

Why was the installation incomplete?

Question ending -나요 is used for a soft inquiry.

6

인증이 미완료되어 사용할 수 없습니다.

Because the authentication is incomplete, you cannot use it.

Connective ending -어 (because/and) links the clauses.

7

미완료된 서류를 다시 제출하세요.

Please resubmit the incomplete documents.

Modifier -은/ㄴ is used before 서류 (documents).

8

업무가 미완료되어서 야근을 해야 해요.

Because the work is incomplete, I have to work overtime.

Connective -어서 (because) is used to show reason.

1

비밀번호 오류로 인해 로그인이 미완료되었습니다.

Due to a password error, the login was incomplete.

-로 인해 (due to) is used for formal reasons.

2

미완료된 프로젝트는 다음 달로 연기될 것입니다.

The incomplete project will be postponed to next month.

Future tense -을 것입니다 is used with the modified noun.

3

결제가 미완료되었으니 카드 정보를 다시 확인해 주시기 바랍니다.

Since the payment is incomplete, please check your card information again.

-으니 (since/because) is used to give a logical reason for a request.

4

시스템 오류로 백업이 미완료된 채로 종료되었습니다.

Due to a system error, it shut down with the backup left incomplete.

-은/는 채로 (in the state of) describes how the action ended.

5

담당자가 자리를 비워서 결재가 미완료된 상태로 남아 있습니다.

Because the person in charge is away, the approval remains in an incomplete state.

-아/어 있다 indicates a continuing state.

6

미완료된 과제는 감점 처리되니 기한 내에 제출하세요.

Incomplete assignments will be penalized, so please submit them within the deadline.

Passive verb 처리되다 (to be processed) is used.

7

네트워크 연결이 끊어져서 파일 전송이 미완료되었습니다.

The network connection dropped, so the file transfer was incomplete.

-아/어서 connects the cause and effect naturally.

8

현재 미완료된 주문 건수는 총 15건입니다.

The current number of incomplete orders is 15 in total.

건수 (number of cases) is a formal counter noun.

1

서버 점검 시간이 길어지는 바람에 대규모 데이터 동기화가 미완료되었습니다.

Because the server maintenance time ran long, the large-scale data synchronization was incomplete.

-는 바람에 is used to express an unexpected negative cause.

2

본 계약은 서류 제출이 미완료될 경우 자동으로 파기됨을 알려드립니다.

We inform you that this contract will automatically be voided if document submission is incomplete.

-음/기를 알려드립니다 is a highly formal notification structure.

3

미완료된 채로 방치된 인프라 구축 사업이 드디어 재개되었습니다.

The infrastructure construction project, which had been neglected in an incomplete state, has finally resumed.

방치되다 (to be neglected) adds complex descriptive depth.

4

결제 시스템의 치명적인 버그로 인해 수천 건의 거래가 미완료되는 사태가 발생했습니다.

A situation occurred where thousands of transactions were incomplete due to a fatal bug in the payment system.

사태가 발생하다 (a situation occurred) is used for serious news.

5

미완료된 항목에 대해서는 추가적인 예산 배정이 불가능하다는 것이 이사회의 방침입니다.

It is the board's policy that allocating additional budget to incomplete items is impossible.

-다는 것이 방침입니다 expresses an official organizational rule.

6

해당 소프트웨어는 업데이트가 미완료된 환경에서는 정상적으로 구동되지 않을 수 있습니다.

The software in question may not operate normally in an environment where the update is incomplete.

-지 않을 수 있습니다 expresses formal possibility/warning.

7

고객의 단순 변심으로 인한 환불 요청은 반품 절차가 미완료된 상태에서는 접수되지 않습니다.

Refund requests due to a customer's simple change of mind will not be accepted while the return process is incomplete.

단순 변심 (simple change of mind) is a common e-commerce term.

8

모든 보안 검사가 완료되기 전까지는 해당 구역의 출입 통제가 미완료된 것으로 간주합니다.

Until all security checks are completed, the access control of the area is considered incomplete.

-은/ㄴ 것으로 간주하다 means 'to be considered as'.

1

행정 당국의 안일한 대처로 인해 피해 복구 작업이 수개월째 미완료된 상태로 표류하고 있다.

Due to the complacent response of the administrative authorities, the damage recovery work has been drifting in an incomplete state for months.

표류하다 (to drift) is used metaphorically for stalled projects.

2

해당 법안은 여야 간의 첨예한 대립으로 인해 국회 본회의 통과가 미완료된 채 폐기될 위기에 처했다.

The bill in question is in danger of being scrapped while its passage through the National Assembly plenary session remains incomplete due to sharp confrontation between the ruling and opposition parties.

위기에 처하다 (to be in danger of) adds dramatic journalistic tone.

3

기업 인수 합병 과정에서 실사 단계가 미완료될 경우, 발생할 수 있는 잠재적 리스크는 온전히 매수자 측이 부담해야 한다.

If the due diligence phase is incomplete during the corporate M&A process, the potential risks that may arise must be fully borne by the buyer.

실사 (due diligence) and 매수자 (buyer) are high-level business terms.

4

미완료된 교섭안을 바탕으로 섣불리 파업을 철회하는 것은 노조원들의 거센 반발을 불러일으킬 것이 자명하다.

It is self-evident that hastily withdrawing the strike based on an incomplete negotiation proposal will provoke fierce backlash from union members.

자명하다 (to be self-evident) is a sophisticated academic/news term.

5

초기 설계 단계에서의 결함으로 인해 전체 시스템 아키텍처의 통합이 미완료되는 초유의 사태가 빚어졌다.

An unprecedented situation arose where the integration of the entire system architecture was incomplete due to flaws in the initial design phase.

초유의 사태가 빚어지다 (an unprecedented situation arose) is highly formal.

6

통계청 발표에 따르면, 인구 총조사 데이터 수집이 일부 지역에서 미완료되어 최종 결과 발표가 지연될 전망이다.

According to the Statistics Korea announcement, data collection for the census was incomplete in some regions, so the announcement of the final results is expected to be delayed.

-ㄹ 전망이다 (it is expected that) is standard news reporting grammar.

7

아직 검증이 미완료된 가설을 정설처럼 포장하여 대중에게 유포하는 행위는 학자적 양심에 위배된다.

The act of packaging a hypothesis whose verification is still incomplete as if it were an established theory and spreading it to the public violates scholarly conscience.

양심에 위배된다 (violates conscience) is strong ethical vocabulary.

8

글로벌 공급망 차질로 인해 핵심 부품 조달이 미완료되면서, 신제품 출시 일정이 전면 재조정 불가피한 상황이다.

As the procurement of core components remains incomplete due to global supply chain disruptions, a complete readjustment of the new product launch schedule is inevitable.

불가피한 상황이다 (an inevitable situation) indicates unavoidable circumstances.

1

형이상학적 관점에서 볼 때, 인간의 자아실현은 영원히 미완료된 프로젝트이며, 그 미완결성 자체가 존재의 원동력으로 작용한다.

From a metaphysical perspective, human self-realization is an eternally incomplete project, and that very incompleteness acts as the driving force of existence.

미완결성 (incompleteness as a noun) is derived from the root concept.

2

해당 문학 작품은 작가의 갑작스러운 타계로 인해 서사적 결말이 미완료된 채 남겨졌으나, 오히려 그 여백이 독자들의 상상력을 자극하는 기제로 평가받는다.

The literary work was left with its narrative conclusion incomplete due to the author's sudden passing, but rather, that blank space is evaluated as a mechanism that stimulates readers' imagination.

타계 (passing away) is highly respectful and formal.

3

양자역학의 표준 모형은 중력을 설명하지 못한다는 점에서 여전히 미완료된 이론 체계에 불과하다는 것이 현대 물리학계의 중론이다.

It is the consensus of the modern physics community that the standard model of quantum mechanics is still nothing more than an incomplete theoretical system in that it fails to explain gravity.

중론이다 (it is the consensus) is used for academic agreement.

4

국제법상 조약의 비준 절차가 미완료된 상태에서 해당 조항의 국내법적 효력을 섣불리 인정하는 것은 사법부의 월권행위로 해석될 여지가 다분하다.

Hastily recognizing the domestic legal effect of the provisions while the ratification process of the treaty under international law is incomplete leaves much room to be interpreted as an overreach of authority by the judiciary.

월권행위 (overreach of authority) is highly specific legal terminology.

5

자본주의 체제 내에서 부의 재분배 메커니즘이 미완료된 상태로 고착화될 경우, 계급 간의 구조적 갈등은 임계점을 넘어 체제 붕괴를 초래할 수 있다.

If the wealth redistribution mechanism within the capitalist system becomes entrenched in an incomplete state, structural conflict between classes could surpass the critical point and bring about systemic collapse.

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