leka
leka in 30 Seconds
- Used for children's imaginative play and toys.
- Distinct from 'spela' (sports, music, games with rules).
- Commonly used with the preposition 'med' (with).
- Used metaphorically for risks ('leka med elden').
The Swedish verb leka is a fundamental word primarily used to describe the act of playing, but it carries a specific nuance that distinguishes it from other types of 'play' in English. In Swedish, leka is almost exclusively reserved for unstructured, imaginative, or recreational activities typically associated with children, toys, or social interaction without strict competitive rules. While an English speaker might use 'play' for a game of football, a violin, and a child with a doll, a Swede would use three different verbs. Leka is the choice for the child with the doll.
- Core Concept
- The essence of leka lies in the lack of a predetermined outcome or rigid scoring system. It is about the process of enjoyment and imagination. When children 'leka affär' (play shop), they are not necessarily trying to win; they are exploring roles and social structures through creative expression.
Barnen leker i sandlådan hela eftermiddagen.
Beyond childhood, leka can be used metaphorically or in specific adult contexts. For instance, adults might 'leka med tanken' (play with the thought) of moving abroad or 'leka med elden' (play with fire) when taking unnecessary risks. It suggests a certain lightness or lack of serious commitment to the action being performed. In romantic or social contexts, it can sometimes imply flirting or 'playing around,' though this requires careful contextual interpretation to avoid misunderstanding.
- Social Context
- In Swedish culture, 'leken' (the play) is seen as a vital part of development. You will hear parents asking, 'Vill du leka med Kalle?' (Do you want to play with Kalle?). This isn't just about entertainment; it's the primary way social bonds are formed in early life. Even in workplace 'teambuilding' events, activities might be described as 'lekar' if they are lighthearted and non-competitive.
Sluta leka med maten!
- Etymological Nuance
- The word stems from Old Norse 'leika', which could mean to move quickly, jump, or swing. This sense of free movement remains at the heart of the modern Swedish usage. It is about the kinetic and mental freedom of the activity.
Vi brukar leka kurragömma i skogen.
Grammatically, leka is a Group 2b verb (conjugating as leka, leker, lekte, lekt). It is most frequently followed by the preposition med (with) when referring to toys or companions. However, it can also be used transitively when referring to specific role-playing games or childhood activities. Understanding these patterns is key to sounding natural in Swedish.
- Pattern 1: Leka med [Object/Person]
- This is the most common construction. It indicates the instrument or companion of the play. 'Hon leker med sina dockor' (She is playing with her dolls). 'Hunden vill leka med bollen' (The dog wants to play with the ball).
Kan du leka med barnen medan jag lagar mat?
- Pattern 2: Leka [Game/Role]
- When the activity itself is a named game (like tag or hide and seek) or a role (like pirates or doctor), the preposition is omitted. 'Vi lekte kurragömma' (We played hide and seek). 'De leker pirater' (They are playing pirates).
Vi lekte kull på skolgården.
In more advanced usage, you might encounter the particle verb leka av sig. This means to play until one is tired or has released all their excess energy. It is often used for children or high-energy pets. 'Låt barnen leka av sig innan vi åker' (Let the children play it out of their system before we leave).
- Reflexive Usage
- While rare, leka can appear in phrases like 'leka herre på täppan' (play king of the hill/mountain), which describes a struggle for dominance in a playful or metaphorical sense.
De har lekt färdigt för idag.
In Sweden, you will hear leka most frequently in environments involving families, schools, and parks. However, its presence in idioms and everyday metaphors makes it common even in adult conversation. If you walk past a 'förskola' (preschool), the air will be filled with teachers and children using this verb constantly.
- The Playground (Lekplatsen)
- Sweden is famous for its high-quality public playgrounds. Here, you'll hear parents saying 'Ska ni leka tillsammans?' (Are you going to play together?) or 'Var försiktig när ni leker!' (Be careful when you play!). The word is central to the Swedish childhood experience.
Kom igen, låt oss leka!
In the media, leka appears in titles of children's shows or books, such as 'Leka med bollar' or 'Vi leker i skogen.' In news or political commentary, you might hear it used critically: 'De leker med väljarnas förtroende' (They are playing with the voters' trust). This indicates a lack of seriousness or a dangerous disregard for consequences.
- Workplace Metaphors
- Even in a professional setting, a Swede might say, 'Nu ska vi inte leka affär, utan fokusera på riktiga siffror' (Now let's not play shop, but focus on real numbers). Here, leka affär implies an amateurish or pretend approach to business.
Hunden leker med sin favoritleksak.
- Cultural Nuance: Lekstuga
- A 'lekstuga' is a playhouse. However, in Swedish idioms, 'ha lekstuga' (to have a playhouse) can mean that someone is dominating a situation so easily that it looks like child's play, often used in sports commentary when one team is vastly superior.
The most frequent mistake English speakers make is using leka where they should use spela. Because English uses the single word 'play' for almost everything, learners often default to leka for games, sports, and music. This sounds very strange to a native Swedish ear—it's like saying you are 'frolicking' the piano or 'imagination-playing' a game of soccer.
- Mistake 1: Musical Instruments
- Incorrect: 'Jag leker gitarr.' Correct: 'Jag spelar gitarr.' Using leka here would imply you are using the guitar as a toy (e.g., pretending it's a sword or just banging on it without intent) rather than performing music.
Kom ihåg: Man spelar piano, men man leker med en leksakspiano.
- Mistake 2: Sports and Games
- Incorrect: 'Vi lekte schack.' Correct: 'Vi spelade schack.' Games with specific rules, winners, and losers use spela. If you say you 'lekte' schack, it sounds like you were just moving the pieces around randomly like a toddler.
Another common error is forgetting the preposition med. While English says 'play dolls,' Swedish requires 'leka med dockor.' Omitting the 'med' makes the sentence feel incomplete or changes the meaning to 'playing the role of dolls.'
- Mistake 3: Confusing 'Leka' with 'Skoja'
- Sometimes learners use leka when they mean 'to joke' or 'to kid.' While 'leka' can imply lack of seriousness, 'Jag bara skojar' (I'm just joking) is the correct way to say you aren't being serious in a conversation.
Han leker inte; han är dödligt allvarlig.
Swedish has a rich vocabulary for different types of play and interaction. Choosing the right word depends on the level of organization, the intent, and the age of the participants. Below are the most common alternatives to leka and how they differ.
- Spela vs. Leka
- Spela: Used for games with rules (cards, board games, video games), sports (football, tennis), and music. It implies a structure or a performance.
Leka: Used for imaginative play, toys, and childhood activities without strict rules.
Vi spelar kort, men barnen leker i trädgården.
- Busa
- This word means to be mischievous or to play pranks. It is a more active, often slightly naughty form of play. 'Sluta busa!' (Stop being mischievous/playing around!). It is often used for children or puppies who are being a bit wild.
- Skoja / Skämta
- These mean 'to joke.' Use these when the 'play' is verbal rather than physical. 'Jag bara skojar med dig' (I'm just kidding with you).
- Roa sig
- This means 'to amuse oneself' or 'to have fun.' It is more formal and adult than leka. 'De roade sig kungligt på festen' (They enjoyed themselves royally at the party).
Sluta fjanta dig och var seriös nu!
How Formal Is It?
"Barnets rätt till lek är lagstadgad."
"Barnen leker i trädgården."
"Ska vi busa och leka lite?"
"Titta, nallen vill leka!"
"De hade total lekstuga med motståndarna."
Fun Fact
The word is related to the English word 'lake' in some northern English dialects (like 'to lake'), which also means to play. The Swedish word for 'onion' (lök) is often confused by learners but is unrelated!
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing it like English 'leak' (too narrow 'e').
- Making the 'k' too aspirated.
- Confusing the long 'e' with the Swedish 'ä' sound.
Difficulty Rating
The word is short and common, easy to recognize in text.
Choosing between 'leka' and 'spela' requires conscious thought for learners.
The long 'e' sound needs practice to sound native.
Very distinct sound, usually easy to catch in conversation.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Group 2b verbs
leka -> leker (present) -> lekte (past) -> lekt (supine)
Preposition 'med' usage
Always use 'med' when playing with an object or person.
Particle verbs
'Leka av sig' - the particle 'av' changes the meaning to 'exhausting energy'.
No article for roles
'Leka doktor' (not 'leka en doktor').
Infinitive after modal verbs
'Jag vill leka'.
Examples by Level
Barnen leker ute.
The children are playing outside.
Present tense 'leker'.
Jag leker med min hund.
I am playing with my dog.
Use 'med' for the companion.
Leker du med bilar?
Are you playing with cars?
Question form.
Hon leker i sandlådan.
She is playing in the sandbox.
Preposition 'i' for location.
Vi leker tillsammans.
We are playing together.
'Tillsammans' is a common adverb.
Katten leker med ett snöre.
The cat is playing with a string.
Subject-verb-preposition-object.
De leker varje dag.
They play every day.
Habitual action.
Mamma, kan vi leka?
Mom, can we play?
Modal verb 'kan' + infinitive 'leka'.
Igår lekte vi i parken.
Yesterday we played in the park.
Past tense 'lekte'.
Ska vi leka kurragömma?
Shall we play hide and seek?
No preposition for named games.
Min bror lekte med tåg när han var liten.
My brother played with trains when he was little.
Past tense description.
Hunden har lekt hela morgonen.
The dog has played all morning.
Present perfect 'har lekt'.
Barnen vill leka affär.
The children want to play shop.
'Leka affär' is a set roleplay phrase.
Varför leker du inte med de andra?
Why aren't you playing with the others?
Negative question.
Vi brukar leka kull på rasterna.
We usually play tag during breaks.
'Brukar' + infinitive.
Hon lekte med sin nya docka.
She played with her new doll.
Past tense with 'med'.
Du ska inte leka med elden.
You shouldn't play with fire.
Idiomatic use for taking risks.
Låt barnen leka av sig innan vi går in.
Let the children play it out of their system before we go in.
Particle verb 'leka av sig'.
Hon leker med tanken på att flytta till Italien.
She is playing with the thought of moving to Italy.
Metaphorical usage.
Det är en lekfull kattunge.
It is a playful kitten.
Adjective 'lekfull' derived from 'leka'.
De lekte pirater på den gamla båten.
They played pirates on the old boat.
Roleplay usage.
Sluta leka med mina känslor!
Stop playing with my feelings!
Abstract object.
Vi hittade en jättebra lekplats i stan.
We found a great playground in town.
Compound noun 'lekplats'.
Han lekte expert fast han inte visste något.
He played expert even though he didn't know anything.
Pretending to be a role.
Politikerna leker med folkets förtroende.
The politicians are playing with the people's trust.
Critical metaphorical use.
Laget hade lekstuga i andra halvlek.
The team had a 'playhouse' (dominated) in the second half.
Idiom 'ha lekstuga'.
Det är dags att sluta leka och bli seriös.
It's time to stop playing around and get serious.
Leka as a synonym for immaturity.
Barnets lek är grunden för all inlärning.
The child's play is the foundation for all learning.
Noun form 'lek'.
De lekte herre på täppan om chefspositionen.
They played king of the hill for the manager position.
Idiom for social competition.
Han lekte med orden i sin dikt.
He played with the words in his poem.
Artistic/stylistic use.
Vi får inte leka bort våra chanser.
We must not throw away our chances by being careless.
Particle verb 'leka bort'.
Det var bara en oskyldig lek.
It was just an innocent game/play.
Noun 'lek' with adjective.
Ljuset lekte över vattenytan i skymningen.
The light played across the water's surface at dusk.
Literary/poetic use for movement.
Han har en förmåga att leka fram resultat.
He has an ability to bring out results through a playful approach.
Particle verb 'leka fram'.
I Shakespeares dramer leks det ofta med identiteter.
In Shakespeare's dramas, identities are often played with.
Passive construction 'leks'.
Det vore att leka med döden att gå ut på den tunna isen.
It would be playing with death to go out on that thin ice.
Strong metaphorical idiom.
Barnet lekte sig igenom den svåra tiden.
The child played their way through the difficult time.
Reflexive-like construction 'leka sig igenom'.
Hennes leende lekte i mungipan.
A smile played at the corner of her mouth.
Poetic description of facial expression.
Vi ska inte leka med tanken på krig.
We should not entertain the thought of war.
Abstract, grave context.
Han lekte med sina motståndare som en katt med en råtta.
He played with his opponents like a cat with a mouse.
Simile for manipulation.
Den ontologiska statusen hos barnets lek är ett centralt tema.
The ontological status of the child's play is a central theme.
Academic context using the noun.
Författaren leker med dekonstruktionen av språket.
The author plays with the deconstruction of language.
High-level literary analysis.
Det är en hårfin gräns mellan att leka och att manipulera.
There is a fine line between playing and manipulating.
Philosophical distinction.
Han lekte med elden när han utmanade den politiska hegemonin.
He played with fire when he challenged the political hegemony.
Sophisticated political metaphor.
Lekens betydelse för den mänskliga civilisationen kan inte överskattas.
The significance of play for human civilization cannot be overstated.
Generalizing noun usage.
I partituret leker de olika stämmorna med varandra.
In the score, the different voices play with each other.
Technical musical metaphor (not physical playing).
Han lät tankarna leka fritt kring projektets framtid.
He let his thoughts play freely regarding the project's future.
Abstract mental freedom.
Det vore befängt att leka med sådana allvarliga anklagelser.
It would be absurd to play with such serious accusations.
Formal legal/ethical context.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— A standard question children ask each other to initiate play.
Hej, vill du leka med mig?
— Literally about fish spawning, but used for people 'playing it out'.
Han behöver leka rommen av sig.
— What parents tell children not to do at dinner.
Sitt still och sluta leka med maten!
Often Confused With
The most common confusion. Spela is for rules/music/sports; Leka is for imagination/toys.
Sounds slightly similar to a beginner, but means 'onion'.
Sounds similar but means 'to heal'.
Idioms & Expressions
— To take a dangerous risk that could have bad consequences.
Att investera allt i krypto är att leka med elden.
neutral— To compete for the top position or dominance.
De två företagen leker herre på täppan på marknaden.
neutral— To dominate a situation or opponent so easily it looks like child's play.
Sverige hade lekstuga mot San Marino i matchen.
informal— To be witty, use puns, or manipulate language cleverly.
Poeten älskar att leka med orden.
neutral— To avoid telling the whole truth or be evasive.
Vittnet lekte kurragömma med sanningen i rätten.
neutral— To consider a possibility without being fully committed to it.
Vi leker med tanken på att köpa ett hus på landet.
neutral— To engage in a pursuit where one party toys with the other.
Polisen och tjuven lekte katt och råtta i timmar.
neutral— To be of the same caliber or status (often negative: 'not in the same league').
De leker inte i samma liga när det gäller talang.
neutral— To use up excess energy, often after a period of restriction.
Släpp ut korna så de får leka rommen av sig.
neutral— To treat someone's emotions without respect or seriousness.
Hon insåg att han bara lekte med hennes känslor.
neutralEasily Confused
Both translate to 'play' in English.
'Spela' involves structure, instruments, or competition. 'Leka' involves imagination and toys.
Jag spelar gitarr (music), men barnet leker med en leksaksgitarr (toy).
Both involve fun.
'Skojat' is verbal joking. 'Leka' is physical or imaginative activity.
Jag skojar bara (I'm joking). Vi leker i parken (We are playing).
Both are for kids.
'Busa' implies mischief or being a bit wild. 'Leka' is general play.
Sluta busa och börja leka ordentligt!
Games often involve both.
'Tävla' is to compete. 'Leka' is for fun without needing to win.
Vi ska inte tävla, vi ska bara leka.
Both mean having fun.
'Roa' is to entertain/amuse, often used for adults or audiences.
Filmen roade publiken.
Sentence Patterns
[Subject] leker.
Barnen leker.
[Subject] leker med [Object].
Jag leker med bollen.
[Subject] lekte [Game].
Vi lekte kurragömma.
[Subject] vill leka [Role].
Han vill leka pirat.
[Subject] ska leka av sig.
Hunden ska leka av sig.
[Subject] leker med tanken på [Action].
Hon leker med tanken på att resa.
[Noun] leker i [Location].
Ljuset leker i vattnet.
Det är farligt att leka med [Abstract Noun].
Det är farligt att leka med demokratin.
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Related
How to Use It
Very high in daily speech, especially around families.
-
Jag leker piano.
→
Jag spelar piano.
Instruments always take 'spela'.
-
Vi lekte fotboll.
→
Vi spelade fotboll.
Sports with rules take 'spela'.
-
Barnen leker dockor.
→
Barnen leker med dockor.
You need 'med' to show they are using the dolls as toys.
-
Jag bara leker!
→
Jag bara skojar!
If you mean 'I'm just joking', use 'skojar'.
-
De leker schack.
→
De spelar schack.
Board games have rules and logic, so use 'spela'.
Tips
The 'Med' Rule
Always remember to add 'med' if you are playing WITH something. 'Jag leker med bilar' is correct, 'Jag leker bilar' is not (unless you ARE the cars).
Roleplay Pattern
When playing a role, don't use an article. Say 'leka pirat' or 'leka mamma, pappa, barn'.
The Lekplats
Swedes take 'lek' seriously. Visit a 'lekplats' to see the word in action and observe the social rules of Swedish childhood.
Avoid 'Leka' for Sports
If there is a winner and a loser, it is almost certainly 'spela,' not 'leka.'
Risky Business
Use 'leka med elden' to describe someone taking a dangerous risk in business or relationships.
Long E
Practice the long 'e' by smiling slightly while you say it. It should be longer than the 'e' in 'let'.
Lek vs. Spel
Think of 'lek' as 'free play' and 'spel' as 'structured game'.
Compound Power
Use words like 'lekfull' (playful) to add descriptive depth to your Swedish writing.
Context Clues
If you hear 'leka' in a professional setting, listen for sarcasm or criticism of someone's lack of seriousness.
Lego Leka
Just associate Lego with leka. You leka with Lego. Simple and effective!
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of a child 'leaking' energy while they 'leka'. They are running around and letting it all out.
Visual Association
Imagine a child with a 'Lego' set. 'Lego' and 'leka' both start with 'Le-'. You use Lego to leka.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to describe three things you lekte when you were a child using the past tense 'lekte'.
Word Origin
Derived from Old Norse 'leika', which traces back to Proto-Germanic '*laikaną'. It is cognate with Gothic 'laikan' (to spring, jump).
Original meaning: To jump, leap, or move quickly.
North Germanic / Indo-EuropeanCultural Context
No specific sensitivities, but be aware that using 'leka' for adult activities can sometimes sound condescending if not intended as a joke.
English speakers must be careful not to use 'leka' for instruments, which is a very common 'Swenglish' error.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
At home
- Leka med lego
- Städa upp leksakerna
- Leka på rummet
- Leka med syskon
At the park
- Leka i gungan
- Leka i sandlådan
- Leka med andra barn
- Leka tafatt
In a relationship
- Leka med känslor
- Leka svårfångad
- Leka och skoja
- Inte leka längre
In business (metaphorical)
- Leka affär
- Leka expert
- Leka med siffror
- Leka med elden
With pets
- Leka med bollen
- Leka med hunden
- Katten leker
- Leka kurragömma
Conversation Starters
"Vad lekte du ofta när du var liten?"
"Gillar dina barn att leka ute eller inne?"
"Brukar du leka med din hund i parken?"
"Varför är det viktigt för vuxna att också leka ibland?"
"Vilken är den bästa leken du vet?"
Journal Prompts
Beskriv din favoritplats att leka på som barn.
Varför tror du att barn behöver leka för att lära sig?
Har du någonsin 'lekt med elden' i ditt liv? Vad hände?
Skriv om en gång när du såg barn leka och vad de lärde sig.
Hur skiljer sig 'leka' från 'spela' i ditt modersmål?
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsUsually, no. Use 'spela' because video games have rules and goals. However, if a child is just pretending with a controller, you might say 'leka.'
'En lek' is a children's game (like tag). 'Ett spel' is a board game, card game, or sports match.
Mostly, but adults use it metaphorically ('leka med tanken') or when acting immaturely.
Always use 'spela.' For example: 'spela piano' or 'spela flöjt.'
Yes! It is very common to say 'Hunden leker' or 'Katten leker.'
It means to play until you have used up all your energy. Parents often say this about kids before bedtime.
Yes, it follows the Group 2b pattern (k-stem): leka, leker, lekte, lekt.
No, that sounds very wrong. You must say 'spela fotboll' because it is a sport with rules.
It means 'to play shop.' It is a classic roleplaying game for children.
Rarely in its literal sense, but often in psychology or education texts discussing 'lekens betydelse' (the importance of play).
Test Yourself 180 questions
Translate to Swedish: 'The children are playing in the park.'
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Translate to Swedish: 'I played with my dog yesterday.'
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Use 'leka med tanken' in a Swedish sentence.
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Explain in Swedish the difference between 'leka' and 'spela'.
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Translate to Swedish: 'Stop playing with your sister!'
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Translate to Swedish: 'We have played all day.'
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Write a sentence using 'leka av sig'.
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Translate to Swedish: 'She is playing the role of a doctor.'
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Translate to Swedish: 'You are playing with fire.'
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Write a short paragraph (3 sentences) about what you lekte as a child.
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Translate to Swedish: 'The light played on the water.'
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Translate to Swedish: 'Don't play with my feelings.'
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Write a sentence using the word 'lekplats'.
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Translate to Swedish: 'He is a very playful dog.'
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Translate to Swedish: 'They played tag for two hours.'
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Translate to Swedish: 'I want to play with you.'
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Translate to Swedish: 'The children finished playing.'
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Translate to Swedish: 'Where are the toys?'
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Translate to Swedish: 'It was just a game.'
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Translate to Swedish: 'Let's play hide and seek.'
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Pronounce 'leka' clearly.
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Say 'Barnen leker i parken' in Swedish.
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Tell a friend 'Let's play hide and seek' in Swedish.
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Warn someone 'You are playing with fire' in Swedish.
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Describe your favorite childhood toy using 'lekte'.
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Say 'Stop playing with your food!' in Swedish.
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Explain the difference between 'leka' and 'spela' in Swedish.
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Ask a child 'Do you want to play with me?' in Swedish.
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Say 'The cat is playing with a string' in Swedish.
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Say 'I am playing with the thought of moving' in Swedish.
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Listen to the sentence: 'Barnen leker ute.' What are they doing?
Listen to the sentence: 'Vi lekte kurragömma.' What game did they play?
Listen to the sentence: 'Sluta leka med elden!' Is this a literal or metaphorical warning?
Listen to the sentence: 'Hunden har lekt färdigt.' Is the dog still playing?
Listen to the sentence: 'Lekplatsen är stängd.' What is closed?
Listen to the sentence: 'Hon leker med dockor.' What is she playing with?
Listen to the sentence: 'Vi lekte pirater.' What role did they play?
Listen to the sentence: 'Låt dem leka av sig.' What should the children do?
Listen to the sentence: 'Det var bara en lek.' Was it serious?
Listen to the sentence: 'Jag leker med tanken.' Is the person committed to the idea?
Translate: 'I used to play with my sisters.'
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Translate: 'The baby is playing with his toes.'
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Translate: 'We are playing house.'
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Translate: 'The playground is full of children.'
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/ 180 correct
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Summary
Leka is the Swedish verb for 'play' when referring to children, toys, and imagination. Avoid using it for sports or musical instruments, where 'spela' is required. Example: 'Barnen leker med dockor' (The children are playing with dolls).
- Used for children's imaginative play and toys.
- Distinct from 'spela' (sports, music, games with rules).
- Commonly used with the preposition 'med' (with).
- Used metaphorically for risks ('leka med elden').
The 'Med' Rule
Always remember to add 'med' if you are playing WITH something. 'Jag leker med bilar' is correct, 'Jag leker bilar' is not (unless you ARE the cars).
Roleplay Pattern
When playing a role, don't use an article. Say 'leka pirat' or 'leka mamma, pappa, barn'.
The Lekplats
Swedes take 'lek' seriously. Visit a 'lekplats' to see the word in action and observe the social rules of Swedish childhood.
Avoid 'Leka' for Sports
If there is a winner and a loser, it is almost certainly 'spela,' not 'leka.'
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