Formal Quantifiers: All, Every, Any (诸, 每, 凡)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 诸, 每, and 凡 to elevate your Chinese from conversational to academic or literary register.
- 诸 {zhū} acts as a plural marker for 'all' or 'various', often preceding nouns like {诸位|zhūwèi}.
- 每 {měi} indicates 'every' or 'each', functioning similarly to its common usage but often appearing in formal idioms.
- 凡 {fán} denotes 'all' or 'in every case', typically used at the start of a clause to set a universal scope.
Overview
At the C1 level, moving beyond everyday quantifiers like 所有 (suǒyǒu) and 每个 (měigè) is essential for achieving a truly advanced, formal register. The trio of 诸 (zhū), 每 (měi), and 凡 (fán) are your primary tools for this elevation. While they all translate loosely to "all," "every," or "any," they are not interchangeable.
Each carries a distinct grammatical function, a specific stylistic tone, and a history rooted in Classical Chinese that dictates its modern usage. Mastering them allows you to shift from merely communicating information to crafting precise, authoritative, and sophisticated statements appropriate for academic, legal, and professional contexts.
Think of them as having distinct personalities. 诸 is the collective quantifier, addressing a group as a whole, often with a sense of respect or grand scale. It speaks of "all of us together" or "the various types of." 每 is the distributive quantifier, systematically ticking through items one by one.
It emphasizes the individual components that make up a whole. 凡 is the universal quantifier, setting a boundary for a rule or generalization. It establishes a conditional scope, meaning "any and all who fit this description." Understanding their origins is key: 诸 is a classical fusion character, 每 has always focused on enumeration, and 凡 is the traditional language of law and logic.
This background is not just trivia; it is the reason behind their strict grammatical rules.
How This Grammar Works
诸 acts as a prefix meaning "all," "various," or "the many." Its most critical grammatical feature is its origin: in Classical Chinese, 诸 was often a phonetic fusion of the characters 之於 (zhī yú) or 之乎 (zhī hū). For example, 求之於此 (qiú zhī yú cǐ) meaning "to seek it here" could be shortened to 求诸此 (qiú zhū cǐ). Because 诸 already contained a grammatical object (之 meaning "it/them"), it cannot be followed by a measure word.诸 functions in two primary ways:- 1To address a group of people respectfully: It attaches directly to a noun, most famously in
诸位 (zhūwèi), the formal equivalent of大家 (dàjiā). You use it to address a crowd in a formal speech, an academic conference, or a respectful letter. For example,感谢诸位老师的光临 (Gǎnxiè zhūwèi lǎoshī de guānglín)which translates to "Thank you to all the teachers for your presence."
- 1To refer to a collection of abstract concepts or things on a grand scale: This usage is more literary and appears in written language. It conveys a sense of "all matters" or "various kinds." For instance,
诸事不顺 (zhūshì bùshùn)means "all matters are going un-smoothly," and诸般武艺 (zhūbān wǔyì)refers to "all kinds of martial arts."
每 (měi) means "each" or "every" and is used to single out every individual member of a group. Its core function is distribution—it considers the whole by looking at each part systematically. This focus on the individual unit is why 每 almost always requires a measure word.每一本书 (měi yì běn shū) or 每本书 (měi běn shū).每 + Measure Word + Noun is the standard, there are a few key exceptions, which exist due to high-frequency use and lexicalization:- Time words:
每天 (měitiān),每周 (měi zhōu),每月 (měi yuè),每年 (měinián). These are treated as fixed vocabulary. 每人 (měi rén): This is a very common and established exception for "every person." However, for more formal address,每一位 (měi yí wèi)is preferred.
每 is paired with 都 (dōu) or 也 (yě) later in the sentence to gather the distributed items back together and make a summary statement. For instance, 这里的每一家餐厅我都去过 (Zhèlǐ de měi yì jiā cāntīng wǒ dōu qùguò) - "I have been to every single restaurant here."凡 (fán) is used to define the scope of a statement, meaning "any," "all," or "whosoever." It does not simply quantify nouns; it sets up a universal condition. The structure it introduces is typically a clause that specifies a category of people, things, or situations, and the main clause then makes a declaration about that entire category. This is why 凡 is the language of laws, regulations, and principles.凡(是) ... 都/皆/均 .... The 凡(是) part opens the conditional scope ("All that are X..."), and the adverbs 都 (dōu), 皆 (jiē), or 均 (jūn) complete the pattern by applying the result to that scope ("...must do Y"). 皆 and 均 are more formal and literary than 都.凡超过期限未还的书，一律按天罚款 (Fán chāoguò qíxiàn wèi huán de shū, yílǜ àn tiān fákuǎn). This means, "Any and all books that are not returned past the due date will, without exception, be fined on a per-day basis." The 凡 clearly establishes the scope: we are talking about all overdue books.凡是 (fánshì) is a disyllabic version of 凡 and is extremely common in modern formal Mandarin. The 是 adds a slight emphasis but doesn't change the core meaning or function. It is often preferred for rhythmic reasons in sentences.凡是符合条件的个人都可以申请 (Fánshì fúhé tiáojiàn de gèrén dōu kěyǐ shēnqǐng) - "Any individual who meets the conditions can apply."Formation Pattern
诸 (zhū)
诸 + Noun (plural, human) | 诸位来宾 (zhūwèi láibīn) | "All you esteemed guests." The noun is often disyllabic and respectful. |
诸 + Noun (often abstract) | 诸事顺利 (zhūshì shùnlì) | "May all matters go smoothly." Common in greetings and written prose. |
诸 + Measure Word + Noun | *诸个朋友 (zhū ge péngyǒu) | Incorrect. 诸 is a classical fusion character that cannot co-exist with measure words. Use 各位朋友 (gèwèi péngyǒu) or 所有朋友 (suǒyǒu péngyǒu). |
每 (měi)
每 + (一) + Measure Word + Noun | 每一项任务 (měi yí xiàng rènwù) | "Every single task." Adding 一 (yī) adds emphasis to the individuality of each item. |
都/也 | 每 + (一) + MW + Noun ... 都/也 ... | 每个参与者都发表了意见。(Měi ge cānyùzhě dōu fābiǎole yìjiàn.) | "Every participant expressed their opinion." Distributes with 每, then summarizes with 都. |
每 + Time Noun | 每年春节 (měinián chūnjié) | "Every Spring Festival." Measure words are omitted for common time units. |
每 + Noun (without MW) | *每电脑 (měi diànnǎo) | Incorrect. Requires the measure word 台 (tái): 每台电脑 (měi tái diànnǎo). |
凡 (fán)
凡(是) + [Condition] + 都/皆/均 + [Result] | 凡是进入本区域者，皆需出示证件。(Fánshì jìnrù běn qūyù zhě, jiē xū chūshì zhèngjiàn.) | "All those who enter this area must show identification." 皆 makes it very formal. |
凡 + Noun + 皆 + Verb | 凡属我公司财产，皆应妥善保管。(Fán shǔ wǒ gōngsī cáichǎn, jiē yīng tuǒshàn bǎoguǎn.) | "All that is our company's property should be properly looked after." |
凡 + [Condition] + 无不 + Verb | 凡有要求，无不应允。(Fán yǒu yāoqiú, wúbù yìngyǔn.) | "All requests were granted." (Literally: there was not one that wasn't granted). Highly literary. |
*凡是重要文件。(Fánshì zhòngyào wénjiàn.) | Incorrect. 凡 introduces a clause that requires a corresponding result. This is an incomplete thought. It must be followed by 都, 皆, etc. |
When To Use It
诸 primarily in high-level written communication and formal public speaking. It is at home in academic papers, legal preambles, historical texts, and official ceremonies. When you see 诸位 in an email, it signals a formal, respectful address to a group, far more so than 大家好.诸 for abstract concepts like 诸事 (zhūshì) or 诸般 (zhūbān) lends your writing a classical, literary elegance. You would never use 诸位 to talk to your close friends; you would sound like a character from a historical drama.每 when you need to emphasize systematic completeness and individuality. It is less formal than 诸 or 凡 and has a much broader range of use, including in everyday speech. However, in formal contexts, it implies precision.每隔三小时测量一次 - measure once every three hours), regulations (每位员工都必须遵守 - every employee must abide by), and instructional manuals. It assures the reader that nothing has been missed; every single item has been accounted for.凡 when you are establishing a binding rule, a universal principle, or an all-encompassing generalization. This is the language of contracts, legal statutes, philosophical arguments, and official proclamations. 凡 creates a powerful, non-negotiable tone.凡迟到者，一律记录在案 (Fán chídào zhě, yílǜ jìlù zài'àn), it is laying down an absolute law: "Anyone and everyone who is late will be recorded, without exception." Using 凡 in a casual context can sound overly dramatic or pedantic, so reserve it for situations where you intend to make a sweeping, definitive statement.- Neutral:
所有学生都必须在周五前提交论文。(Suǒyǒu xuéshēng dōu bìxū zài zhōuwǔ qián tíjiāo lùnwén.) - Distributive (Focus on individuals):
每个学生都必须在周五前提交论文。(Měi ge xuéshēng dōu bìxū zài zhōuwǔ qián tíjiāo lùnwén.)- This subtly implies individual responsibility. - Universal Rule (Formal, laying down the law):
凡是本校学生，均须在周五前提交论文。(Fánshì běn xiào xuéshēng, jūn xū zài zhōuwǔ qián tíjiāo lùnwén.)- This sounds like an official university regulation.
Common Mistakes
- 1Using
诸with a Measure Word. The error:*诸个问题. The correction:诸位(for people) or rewrite as所有问题/各个问题. Why it's wrong: As explained,诸is a fusion character from Classical Chinese that historically contained its own object. Forcing a modern measure word like个into this structure is a fundamental grammatical clash. It is the single most revealing mistake when using诸.
- 1Confusing
诸with多 (duō)or众 (zhòng). The error: Using诸国to mean "many countries." Why it's wrong: While related to the idea of plurality,诸in modern usage means "all/the various" within a given context, not just "many."诸国in a historical text refers to "all the various states" (e.g., during the Warring States period). For "many countries" in a general sense, you should use很多国家 (hěn duō guójiā)or the formal literary term众国 (zhòngguó).
- 1Omitting the Necessary Measure Word with
每. The error:*我试了每方法。(Wǒ shìle měi fāngfǎ.)The correction:我试了每一种方法。(Wǒ shìle měi yì zhǒng fāngfǎ.)Why it's wrong: Outside of the few lexicalized exceptions (每天,每人),每functions to isolate individual units. The measure word is the tool for this isolation. Omitting it makes the sentence sound jarring and grammatically incomplete to a native speaker.
- 1Leaving
凡as a Fragment. The error:*凡是作弊的学生。(Fánshì zuòbì de xuéshēng.)and then ending the sentence. Why it's wrong:凡is a scope-setter; it creates a logical expectation that must be fulfilled. It introduces the "if" part of a universal "if-then" statement. The sentence must have a "then" part, which is usually introduced by都,皆, or均. The correct sentence would be:凡是作弊的学生，都会受到处分。(Fánshì zuòbì de xuéshēng, dōu huì shòudào chǔfèn.)
- 1Confusing
每 (měi)and各 (gè). The error: Using每when各is more appropriate. Why it's wrong: This is a subtle C1-level distinction.每emphasizes exhaustive, systematic enumeration (every single one, one by one).各emphasizes the individuality or variety within the group ("each respective one"). For example,会议结束后，请每个部门提交报告means every department must submit a report.会议结束后，请各部门回到自己的办公室is better than每个部门, because it means "each respective department should return to its own office."各highlights their separate, individual nature.
Real Conversations
While these quantifiers belong to a formal register, they appear frequently in professional and academic life. Here are some authentic scenarios.
Scenario 1
An art history professor begins her talk:
主持人、各位评审、诸位来宾，大家好。今天我要探讨的，是宋代山水画中的“留白”艺术。凡是熟悉中国美学的人都知道，“留白”并不仅仅是空白...
Pinyin
Zhǔchírén, gèwèi píngshěn, zhūwèi láibīn, dàjiā hǎo. Jīntiān wǒ yào tàntǎo de, shì Sòngdài shānshuǐhuà zhōng de “liúbái” yìshù. Fánshì shúxī Zhōngguó měixué de rén dōu zhīdào, “liúbái” bìng bù jǐnjǐn shì kòngbái...*Analysis:
- 诸位来宾 (zhūwèi láibīn): She uses 诸位 to address the guests, establishing a formal and respectful tone suitable for a lecture.
- 凡是...都... (Fánshì...dōu...): She uses this pattern to make a general, authoritative statement about a principle in her field, assuming a shared understanding among specialists.
Scenario 2
An HR manager sends out a notification:
通知：为加强信息安全，自下周一起，凡是需要远程访问公司服务器的员工，均需使用新的VPN客户端。每个人的旧账户将于月底失效。请务必提前完成迁移。
Pinyin
Tōngzhī: Wèi jiāqiáng xìnxī ānquán, zì xià zhōu yī qǐ, fánshì xūyào yuǎnchéng fǎngwèn gōngsī fúwùqì de yuángōng, jūn xū shǐyòng xīn de VPN kèhùduān. Měi ge rén de jiù zhànghù jiāng yú yuèdǐ shīxiào. Qǐng wùbì tíqián wánchéng qiānyí.*Analysis:
- 凡是...均需... (Fánshì...jūn xū...): The classic pattern for stating a mandatory rule. 凡是 defines the group (employees needing remote access) and 均需 (a formal version of 都必须) lays down the non-negotiable action.
- 每个人 (Měi ge rén): The email switches to 每 to communicate the consequence on an individual level. The rule is universal (凡), but the action required affects each person (每).
Quick FAQ
- Q: Can
诸ever be used in speech? - A: Yes, but its use is confined to highly formal contexts like delivering a speech at a wedding, hosting a major event, or in academic settings. It is almost exclusively used in the word
诸位 (zhūwèi). Using it in a casual conversation would sound very strange and overly theatrical.
- Q: You said
每needs a measure word, but what about每人? Why is it an exception? - A:
每人 (měi rén)is a high-frequency lexicalized phrase. Through centuries of use, it has become a fixed word in its own right, just like每天 (měitiān). Think of it as vocabulary to be memorized rather than a grammatical pattern to be replicated with other nouns. For any other noun referring to people, especially in a formal context, using a measure word is standard, e.g.,每一位客户 (měi yí wèi kèhù).
- Q: What is the real difference between
凡 (fán)and凡是 (fánshì)? - A: Functionally, they are nearly identical. The choice is often stylistic.
凡is more concise and has a more classical feel.凡是is disyllabic, which often fits better with the rhythm of modern Mandarin prose, and it is more common in书面语 (shūmiànyǔ)or formal written language today. You can often use them interchangeably, but凡是can feel slightly softer than the stark, monosyllabic凡.
- Q: Is
皆 (jiē)completely interchangeable with都 (dōu)when using凡? - A: In terms of logical function, yes. However, they differ significantly in register.
皆is far more formal and literary than都. You will encounter皆in legal documents, classical texts, and very high-level academic writing.都is the default choice for all other situations, including everyday speech and general formal writing. Using皆where都would suffice is a conscious choice to elevate the formality of the sentence.
- Q: Can I use
每and都in the same sentence, like每个学生都...? - A: Yes, this is not only possible but extremely common and grammatically correct. This pattern represents a fundamental rhythm in Chinese grammar: distribution and summation.
每distributes the focus to each individual, and都gathers them back together to make a statement about the group as a whole. It’s a powerful way to emphasize 100% inclusion.
- Q: In the
chengyu诸如此类 (zhūrúcǐlèi), does诸mean 'all'? - A: Here,
诸carries a fossilized meaning closer to "many" or "various." The phrase means "many things of this sort" or "and so on and so forth." This reflects an older usage of诸. However, you should not use this meaning to form new sentences in modern Chinese. As a productive quantifier, its meaning is firmly "all" or "the various."
Formal Quantifier Usage Patterns
| Quantifier | Function | Register | Common Collocation |
|---|---|---|---|
|
诸
|
Plural/Universal
|
Formal
|
诸位, 诸多
|
|
每
|
Distributive
|
Neutral/Formal
|
每年, 每逢
|
|
凡
|
Universal Scope
|
Literary/Formal
|
凡是, 凡有
|
Meanings
These quantifiers function as formal or literary markers for universality, replacing colloquial terms like '所有' or '每一个'.
Plural/Universal
Used to denote 'all' or 'various' in a formal context.
“{诸|zhū}{君|jūn} (All of you/Gentlemen)”
“{诸|zhū}{国|guó} (All nations)”
Distributive
Used to denote 'every' or 'each' in a distributive sense.
“{每|měi}{年|nián} (Every year)”
“{每|měi}{次|cì} (Every time)”
Universal Scope
Used to define the scope of a rule or statement.
“{凡|fán}{人|rén} (All people/mortals)”
“{凡|fán}{有|yǒu}{志|zhì}{者|zhě} (Whoever has ambition)”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
诸
|
诸 + Noun
|
诸位 (Everyone)
|
|
每
|
每 + Time/Measure + Verb
|
每天去 (Go every day)
|
|
凡
|
凡 + Noun + (之) + Verb
|
凡事皆有因 (Everything has a cause)
|
|
每逢
|
每逢 + Time/Event
|
每逢佳节 (Every festival)
|
|
凡是
|
凡是 + Subject + 都
|
凡是人都会犯错 (Everyone makes mistakes)
|
|
诸多
|
诸多 + Noun
|
诸多困难 (Many difficulties)
|
Formality Spectrum
诸位皆已到齐。 (Meeting attendance)
大家都到了。 (Meeting attendance)
人都齐了。 (Meeting attendance)
人齐了没？ (Meeting attendance)
Quantifier Scope
Plurality
- 诸 All/Various
Distribution
- 每 Every/Each
Universality
- 凡 All/Whoever
Examples by Level
{每|měi}{天|tiān} {我|wǒ} {都|dōu} {喝|hē} {茶|chá}。
I drink tea every day.
{每|měi}{年|nián} {都|dōu} {很|hěn} {热|rè}。
It is hot every year.
{每|měi}{个|gè} {人|rén} {都|dōu} {来|lái} {了|le}。
Everyone came.
{每|měi}{次|cì} {都|dōu} {这|zhè}{样|yàng}。
It's like this every time.
{每|měi}{逢|féng} {周|zhōu}{末|mò}，{我|wǒ} {都|dōu} {去|qù} {图|tú}{书|shū}{馆|guǎn}。
Every weekend, I go to the library.
{每|měi}{一|yī}{个|gè} {学|xué}{生|shēng} {都|dōu} {很|hěn} {努|nǔ}{力|lì}。
Every single student is hardworking.
{每|měi}{当|dāng} {想|xiǎng}{起|qǐ} {家|jiā}，{我|wǒ} {就|jiù} {很|hěn} {开|kāi}{心|xīn}。
Whenever I think of home, I am happy.
{每|měi}{个|gè}{月|yuè} {我|wǒ} {都|dōu} {存|cún}{钱|qián}。
I save money every month.
{诸|zhū}{位|wèi}{同|tóng}{学|xué}，{请|qǐng} {安|ān}{静|jìng}。
Students, please be quiet.
{凡|fán}{是|shì} {会|huì}{说|shuō} {中|zhōng}{文|wén} {的|de} {人|rén} {都|dōu} {懂|dǒng} {这|zhè}{个|gè}。
Anyone who speaks Chinese understands this.
{每|měi}{年|nián} {的|de} {春|chūn}{节|jié} {都|dōu} {很|hěn} {热|rè}{闹|nao}。
Every Spring Festival is lively.
{诸|zhū}{多|duō} {原|yuán}{因|yīn} {导|dǎo}{致|zhì} {了|le} {这|zhè}{个|gè} {结|jié}{果|guǒ}。
Many reasons led to this result.
{凡|fán}{参|cān}{加|jiā} {比|bǐ}{赛|sài} {的|de} {选|xuǎn}{手|shǒu} {需|xū} {在|zài} {八|bā}{点|diǎn} {到|dào}{达|dá}。
All contestants must arrive at 8 o'clock.
{诸|zhū}{事|shì} {皆|jiē} {已|yǐ} {准|zhǔn}{备|bèi} {妥|tuǒ}{当|dàng}。
All matters have been prepared properly.
{每|měi}{年|nián} {的|de} {投|tóu}{资|zī} {报|bào}{告|gào} {都|dōu} {需|xū} {审|shěn}{核|hé}。
Every year's investment report must be audited.
{凡|fán}{有|yǒu} {疑|yí}{问|wèn} {者|zhě}，{请|qǐng} {联|lián}{系|xì} {我|wǒ}。
Anyone who has questions, please contact me.
{诸|zhū}{君|jūn} {共|gòng}{商|shāng} {大|dà}{计|jì}。
Gentlemen, let us discuss the grand plan together.
{凡|fán}{法|fǎ}{律|lǜ} {所|suǒ} {禁|jìn} {之|zhī}{事|shì}，{皆|jiē} {不|bù}{可|kě} {为|wéi}。
Everything prohibited by law must not be done.
{每|měi}{逢|féng} {佳|jiā}{节|jié} {倍|bèi} {思|sī}{亲|qīn}。
Every festive season, I miss my family even more.
{诸|zhū}{多|duō} {学|xué}{者|zhě} {对|duì} {此|cǐ} {持|chí} {保|bǎo}{留|liú} {态|tài}{度|dù}。
Many scholars hold a reserved attitude toward this.
{凡|fán}{心|xīn} {所|suǒ} {向|xiàng}，{素|sù}{履|lǚ} {之|zhī}{往|wǎng}。
Wherever the heart points, I will walk with simple shoes.
{诸|zhū}{侯|hóu} {纷|fēn}{争|zhēng}，{天|tiān}{下|xià} {大|dà}{乱|luàn}。
The various lords fought, and the world was in chaos.
{每|měi}{当|dāng} {夜|yè}{深|shēn} {人|rén}{静|jìng}，{思|sī}{绪|xù} {万|wàn}{千|qiān}。
Whenever the night is deep and quiet, my thoughts are myriad.
{凡|fán}{此|cǐ}{种|zhǒng}{种|zhǒng}，{皆|jiē} {为|wéi} {历|lì}{史|shǐ} {之|zhī} {见|jiàn}{证|zhèng}。
All these various things are witnesses to history.
Easily Confused
Learners use 诸 as a direct synonym for all.
Both mean 'all' or 'every'.
Both mean 'everyone'.
Common Mistakes
诸苹果
所有的苹果
每人是
每个人都是
凡我
我
诸天
每天
每逢我吃饭
每当我吃饭
凡是学生都喜欢
凡是学生，都喜欢
诸位们
诸位
每人有书
每个人都有书
诸事都好
诸事皆好
凡有的人
凡是有志者
诸位先生们
诸位先生
凡是如果
凡是
每逢的时候
每逢
诸多问题们
诸多问题
Sentence Patterns
诸位___，请听我说。
凡是___，都必须遵守规则。
每逢___，我都会想起家乡。
诸多___，导致了这次失败。
Real World Usage
诸研究表明...
诸位同仁...
凡本协议...
每逢此时...
诸多建议...
凡是爱猫者...
Context is King
Avoid Redundancy
Master the Collocations
Respect the Register
Smart Tips
Use '诸' to refer to multiple factors or people.
Use '凡' to set the scope.
Use '诸位' instead of '大家'.
Use '每逢' for a literary touch.
Pronunciation
Tone of 诸
zhū is first tone, keep it high and flat.
Tone of 凡
fán is second tone, rising pitch.
Formal Declaration
诸位 ↗ 皆已 ↗ 到齐 ↘
Conveys authority and respect.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of '诸' as a group of people (诸位), '每' as a ticking clock (every time), and '凡' as a judge's gavel (setting the rule for all).
Visual Association
Imagine a formal banquet: '诸位' (the guests), '每' (every course served), and '凡' (the rules of the house).
Rhyme
诸位大家聚一堂，每逢佳节喜洋洋，凡事皆有规矩在，学术文章显光芒。
Story
A professor stands before a class. He addresses them as '诸位' (All of you). He explains that '每' (every) student must study hard. He concludes by stating '凡' (all) who succeed will be rewarded.
Word Web
Challenge
Write three sentences: one addressing a group (诸), one describing a habit (每), and one stating a rule (凡).
Cultural Notes
Used in official government documents and formal news.
Used in formal academic and literary circles.
Common in formal business correspondence.
These characters originate from Classical Chinese, where they served as the primary means of quantification.
Conversation Starters
诸位对这个计划有什么看法？
凡是参加活动的人，都需要带证件吗？
每年你都会去旅行吗？
诸事繁杂，你如何处理？
Journal Prompts
Common Mistakes
Test Yourself
___位同学，请安静。
Which sentence is most formal?
Find and fix the mistake:
诸位们好。
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Every year I travel.
Answer starts with: 每年我...
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
___有志者，事竟成。
___逢佳节，倍思亲。
Score: /8
Practice Exercises
8 exercises___位同学，请安静。
Which sentence is most formal?
Find and fix the mistake:
诸位们好。
凡 / 必须 / 参加者 / 签到
Every year I travel.
Match: 1.诸 2.每 3.凡
___有志者，事竟成。
___逢佳节，倍思亲。
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercises___位朋友，晚上好！ (Good evening, everyone!)
凡迟到的人，踢出群。 (Anyone who is late, kicked out of the group.)
Reorder: 都 / 凡是 / 要 / 员工 / 签到
Every person must wear a mask.
Which sentence properly uses '诸多' (zhūduō)?
Match the Chinese word to its English equivalent usage.
凡是好电影，我___喜欢看。(I like to watch any good movie.)
Select the best opening:
每本书很好看。 (Every book is good.)
Everything is going smoothly.
Score: /10
FAQ (8)
No, it sounds too formal and unnatural.
No, but '凡是' is a very common structure for universal rules.
It is a classical contraction meaning 'all of you'.
每 is for frequency/distribution; 凡 is for universal scope/rules.
Yes, '诸事' (all matters) is common.
Only in formal speeches or academic presentations.
It acts as a quantifier/plural marker.
Pair them with formal verbs like '皆' or '需'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Todos
Chinese register is more strictly defined.
Tous/Chaque
Chinese uses '诸' for formal plural.
Alle/Jeder
Chinese is context-dependent.
諸 (sho)
Pronunciation differs.
كل (kull)
Chinese uses separate markers for scope.
所有/每
Register is the main factor.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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