To be extremely nervous and anxious, as if on tenterhooks, due to fear of potential negative outcomes.
Word in 30 Seconds
- Extremely nervous and anxious due to worry.
- Describes a state of intense fear and unease.
- Often used in contexts of uncertainty or danger.
Overview
“提心吊胆”是一个非常形象的汉语成语,用来描述一种极度紧张、焦虑、不安的心情。它的字面意思是“提起心,吊着胆”,仿佛心跳加速,呼吸急促,整个人都处于一种高度戒备或恐惧的状态。这种状态通常源于对潜在危险、失败、惩罚或不幸事件的担忧。它不仅仅是普通的担心,而是一种深入骨髓的、持续的紧张感。
“提心吊胆”通常用作谓语、定语或状语。作为谓语时,它直接描述了某人的心理状态,例如:“考试结果还没出来,他一直提心吊胆。”作为定语时,它修饰名词,形容由这种状态引起的行为或事物,例如:“他带着提心吊胆的心情走进了面试室。”作为状语时,它描述动作发生时的状态,例如:“他提心吊胆地等待着判决。”这个成语常用于描述人在面对不确定性、危险或可能导致严重后果的情况时的反应。
这个成语经常出现在描述考试、面试、比赛结果公布、面临危险(如犯罪、事故)、等待重要消息、进行秘密活动、或在可能被发现的情况下做事等情境中。例如,学生在等待考试成绩时可能会提心吊胆;投资者在股市波动时可能会提心吊胆;被怀疑的人在接受调查时可能会提心吊胆。它也常用于文学作品、新闻报道以及日常对话中,以增强情感色彩和生动性。
与“提心吊胆”相似的词语包括“忐忑不安”、“心惊肉跳”、“惶惶不可终日”、“坐立不安”等。“忐忑不安”侧重于内心矛盾和不安,但可能不如“提心吊胆”那样强调恐惧感。“心惊肉跳”则更侧重于生理上的恐惧反应,形容因害怕而心跳加速、身体颤抖。“惶惶不可终日”形容整天都在忧虑不安中度过,强调时间的持续性。“坐立不安”则更侧重于行为上的表现,形容因焦急、害怕而不能安坐。相比之下,“提心吊胆”最能传达那种因担忧而产生的持续性、高度紧张的恐惧心理。
Examples
考试成绩公布前,我一直提心吊胆,生怕考不好。
everydayBefore the exam results were announced, I was on tenterhooks, afraid of failing.
在那个动荡的年代,人们常常为了生计而提心吊胆。
historicalIn those turbulent times, people often lived in constant fear and anxiety for their livelihoods.
他偷偷拿了老板的钱,心里一直提心吊胆,怕被发现。
informalHe secretly took his boss's money and was constantly worried, afraid of being discovered.
面对潜在的法律风险,公司管理层对此事处理得提心吊胆。
formalFacing potential legal risks, the company's management handled the matter with extreme caution and anxiety.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
过得提心吊胆
to live a life of constant anxiety
弄得人心惶惶
to cause widespread panic and anxiety
担惊受怕
to be in constant fear and alarm
Often Confused With
'提心吊胆' emphasizes fear and extreme nervousness due to potential negative outcomes, often involving danger or serious consequences. '忐忑不安' describes inner turmoil and unease, often stemming from conflicting emotions or uncertainty, but may not involve the same level of fear.
'心惊肉跳' focuses more on the physiological reaction to sudden fear or shock – a racing heart and trembling body. '提心吊胆' describes a more sustained state of anxiety and worry before or during a potentially fearful event.
Grammar Patterns
How to Use It
Usage Notes
This idiom describes a state of intense anxiety and nervousness, often due to fear of something bad happening. It's typically used to describe a person's mental state. The feeling is usually prolonged rather than a fleeting moment of surprise.
Common Mistakes
Learners might misuse '提心吊胆' in situations of simple worry or excitement. It specifically denotes fear and extreme unease, not general happiness or mild concern. Ensure the context involves a significant source of anxiety or potential danger.
Tips
Visualize the Imagery
Imagine your heart jumping into your throat and your stomach in knots. This vivid image helps capture the intense anxiety of '提心吊胆'.
Avoid Overuse
While descriptive, '提心吊胆' conveys strong emotion. Using it too frequently in casual conversation might sound overly dramatic.
Expressing Anxiety
Chinese culture often values composure, but idioms like '提心吊胆' provide a vivid way to express deep-seated anxiety when necessary.
Word Origin
The idiom originates from a vivid description of extreme fear. The '提' (lift) suggests the heart pounding up into the chest, and '吊' (hang) suggests the feeling of one's courage or life hanging by a thread, illustrating a state of extreme nervousness and apprehension.
Cultural Context
The expression reflects a common human experience of fear and anxiety. In Chinese culture, while maintaining composure is valued, idioms like this provide a culturally accepted way to articulate deep emotional distress when facing adversity or uncertainty.
Memory Tip
Picture your heart ('心') being lifted ('提') and your courage ('胆') hanging precariously ('吊'). This physical imagery helps recall the intense, fearful anxiety associated with the phrase.
Frequently Asked Questions
4 questions“担心”是一个更普遍的词,表示对可能发生的不好的事情感到不安。而“提心吊胆”则是一种程度更深、更强烈的担心,形容心情极度紧张、恐惧和不安,仿佛心悬在空中。
“提心吊胆”可以用在很多场合,特别是在人们面临不确定性、潜在危险、重要结果或可能受到惩罚的情况下。例如,等待考试成绩、面试结果、或者在做一件可能被发现的错事时。
缓解“提心吊胆”的感觉通常需要解决引起担忧的根源。可以通过积极的准备、寻求支持、调整心态、进行放松练习(如深呼吸、冥想)等方法来逐步缓解紧张和焦虑。
这个成语的来源比较形象,直接描绘了人在极度紧张害怕时,心脏好像被提起,胆也悬空的感觉,生动地表达了内心的恐惧和不安。
Test Yourself
得知自己可能被解雇的消息后,他整天都______地不敢上班。
句意是说因为害怕被解雇而不敢上班,形容极度紧张不安的状态,用“提心吊胆”最合适。“兴高采烈”是高兴,“沾沾自喜”是得意,“心安理得”是问心无愧,都与句意不符。
下列哪个句子正确使用了“提心吊胆”?
“提心吊胆”表示因害怕或担忧而极度紧张不安。选项 A 和 B 中的“高兴”与“提心吊胆”矛盾。选项 D 描述收衣服的动作,与紧张不安的情绪无关。选项 C 描述在危险的黑暗森林中前进,非常符合“提心吊胆”所表达的紧张和恐惧感。
用“孩子”、“走失”、“一直”、“担心”、“找”、“提心吊胆”组成句子。
这个选项逻辑清晰,语序自然。“担心孩子走失”是原因,“一直提心吊胆地找”是行为和状态,符合成语的用法。
Score: /3
Summary
To be extremely nervous and anxious, as if on tenterhooks, due to fear of potential negative outcomes.
- Extremely nervous and anxious due to worry.
- Describes a state of intense fear and unease.
- Often used in contexts of uncertainty or danger.
Visualize the Imagery
Imagine your heart jumping into your throat and your stomach in knots. This vivid image helps capture the intense anxiety of '提心吊胆'.
Avoid Overuse
While descriptive, '提心吊胆' conveys strong emotion. Using it too frequently in casual conversation might sound overly dramatic.
Expressing Anxiety
Chinese culture often values composure, but idioms like '提心吊胆' provide a vivid way to express deep-seated anxiety when necessary.
Examples
4 of 4考试成绩公布前,我一直提心吊胆,生怕考不好。
Before the exam results were announced, I was on tenterhooks, afraid of failing.
在那个动荡的年代,人们常常为了生计而提心吊胆。
In those turbulent times, people often lived in constant fear and anxiety for their livelihoods.
他偷偷拿了老板的钱,心里一直提心吊胆,怕被发现。
He secretly took his boss's money and was constantly worried, afraid of being discovered.
面对潜在的法律风险,公司管理层对此事处理得提心吊胆。
Facing potential legal risks, the company's management handled the matter with extreme caution and anxiety.
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