B1 · Intermediário Capítulo 45

Conjunctions and Time Expressions

8 Regras totais
82 exemplos
8 min

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of connecting complex thoughts in German using precise temporal and logical conjunctions.

  • Sequence events using temporal markers like 'bevor' and 'nachdem'.
  • Explain causes and conditions with 'weil' and 'wenn'.
  • Contrast ideas using 'während' and 'entweder... oder'.
Connect your ideas like a native speaker.

O que você vai aprender

Master subordinating conjunctions for time, cause, and condition: als, seitdem, bevor, obwohl.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Construct complex sentences using subordinating conjunctions to describe the timing of past and present events.

Guia do capítulo

Overview

Welcome to the chapter on
Conjunctions and Time Expressions
! This topic is fundamental for B1 learners because it allows you to connect ideas, express complex thoughts, and structure your sentences in a more sophisticated way. Instead of just stating simple facts, you'll learn how to explain *why* something happened, *when* it happened, or *under what conditions* it might happen.
By mastering these conjunctions and time expressions, you'll be able to tell more detailed stories, give clearer explanations, and participate in richer conversations. We'll explore how to talk about events since they started using 'seitdem', pinpoint specific past moments with 'als', plan actions with 'bevor' and 'nachdem', explain reasons with 'weil', handle conditions and recurring events with the versatile 'wenn', make choices with 'entweder...oder', and describe simultaneous actions with 'während'. This guide will equip you with the tools to significantly enhance your German fluency and precision.

How This Grammar Works

These conjunctions and expressions serve as the glue for your sentences, linking clauses and ideas together. Most of them are subordinating conjunctions, which means they introduce a subordinate clause where the conjugated verb moves to the very end.
Using 'Seitdem': Talking about things since they started
*Seitdem* (since then, since) introduces a subordinate clause explaining the starting point of an ongoing action.
* *Seitdem du hier wohnst, ist die Stimmung viel besser.* (Since you've been living here, the mood is much better.)
Past Events: Using 'Als' (One Time Only)
*Als* (when) is used for a single event or a defined period in the past. It introduces a subordinate clause.
* *Als du klein warst, hast du gerne Schokolade gegessen.* (When you were little, you liked to eat chocolate.)
German Conjunction: Using 'before' (bevor)
*Bevor* (before) introduces a subordinate clause describing an action that precedes another.
* *Wasch dir die Hände, bevor du isst.* (Wash your hands before you eat.)
Giving Reasons: Using 'because' (weil)
*Weil* (because) introduces a subordinate clause that explains the reason for an action or state.
* *Ich lerne Deutsch, weil ich in Deutschland studieren möchte.* (I'm learning German because I want to study in Germany.)
The Master Key 'Wenn': If, When, or Whenever?
*Wenn* is highly versatile. It can mean if (for conditions), when (for recurring events in the past, present, or future), or whenever. It introduces a subordinate clause.
* *Wenn du Zeit hast, können wir uns treffen.* (If you have time, we can meet.)
* *Wenn es regnet, bleibe ich zu Hause.* (When/Whenever it rains, I stay at home.)
Either... Or: Making Choices (entweder ... oder)
*Entweder ... oder* (either ... or) is a paired coordinating conjunction used to present a choice between two options. It connects two main clauses or elements within a clause. If *entweder* starts the sentence, the verb immediately follows it.
* *Entweder kommst du jetzt, oder wir gehen ohne dich.* (Either you come now, or we'll go without you.)
Using 'After' in German: The Word 'nachdem'
*Nachdem* (after) introduces a subordinate clause, indicating an action that happened before the main clause's action. Pay attention to tense sequencing, especially in the past.
* *Nachdem du gegessen hast, räumst du bitte den Tisch ab.* (After you have eaten, please clear the table.)
* *Nachdem ich die Aufgabe erledigt hatte, ging ich nach Hause.* (After I had finished the task, I went home.)
German 'während': While & Whereas (Conjunctions)
*Während* (while, whereas) introduces a subordinate clause. As while, it describes simultaneous actions. As whereas, it indicates a contrast.
* *Während du kochst, lese ich ein Buch.* (While you cook, I'll read a book.)
* *Du magst den Winter, während ich den Sommer bevorzuge.* (You like winter, whereas I prefer summer.)

Common Mistakes

✗ Wenn ich klein war, spielte ich oft im Garten.
✓ Als ich klein war, spielte ich oft im Garten.
Why: *Als* is used for a single, non-repeated event or period in the past (
when I was little
). *Wenn* is for recurring events or conditions.
✗ Ich gehe ins Bett, weil ich bin müde.
✓ Ich gehe ins Bett, weil ich müde bin.
Why: Subordinating conjunctions like *weil* send the conjugated verb to the very end of their clause.
✗ Nachdem ich gegessen habe, ging ich ins Bett.
✓ Nachdem ich gegessen hatte, ging ich ins Bett.
Why: When *nachdem* refers to two sequential past actions, the action in the *nachdem*-clause often uses the Plusquamperfekt (past perfect) to indicate it happened *before* the action in the main clause, which is in Präteritum or Perfekt. This makes the sequence clearer.
✗ Seitdem letzter Woche lerne ich Deutsch.
✓ Seit letzter Woche lerne ich Deutsch.
Why: *Seit* is a preposition followed by a dative noun or pronoun, indicating a duration starting from a point in time. *Seitdem* is a subordinating conjunction introducing a clause (
since (the time that)
).
✗ Entweder du kommst, oder wir gehen.
✓ Entweder kommst du, oder wir gehen.
Why: When *entweder* starts the sentence, the verb (kommst) must immediately follow it, creating an inverted word order in the first clause.

Real Conversations

A

A

Was machst du immer, wenn du nach Hause kommst?
B

B

Wenn ich nach Hause komme, ziehe ich mich sofort um, weil ich gemütliche Kleidung mag.
A

A

Das ist eine gute Idee!

Translation:

A

A

What do you always do when you come home?
B

B

When I come home, I immediately change my clothes because I like comfortable clothes.
A

A

That's a good idea!
A

A

Erinnerst du dich, als wir unseren ersten Kaffee zusammen getrunken haben?
B

B

Ja, klar! Bevor wir ihn getrunken haben, hat es geregnet. Und nachdem die Sonne wieder schien, sind wir noch spazieren gegangen.
A

A

Das war ein schöner Tag!

Translation:

A

A

Do you remember when we had our first coffee together?
B

B

Yes, of course! Before we drank it, it was raining. And after the sun shone again, we went for a walk.
A

A

That was a beautiful day!
A

A

Während du das Abendessen kochst, kann ich den Tisch decken.
B

B

Danke, das wäre toll! Entweder deckst du den Tisch, oder du hilfst mir beim Gemüse schneiden.
A

A

Ich decke den Tisch, das ist einfacher für mich.

Translation:

A

A

While you cook dinner, I can set the table.
B

B

Thanks, that would be great! Either you set the table, or you help me cut the vegetables.
A

A

I'll set the table, that's easier for me.

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the main difference between *als* and *wenn*?

*Als* is used specifically for a single event or a defined, non-repeated period in the past (

When I was a child...
). *Wenn* is much more general, used for conditions (if), repeated events in the past, present, or future (whenever it rains...), or single events in the present or future (
when you arrive tomorrow...
).

Q

Do all these conjunctions send the verb to the end of the clause?

Almost all of them! *Als, seitdem, bevor, weil, wenn, nachdem, während* are subordinating conjunctions and always send the conjugated verb to the very end of their clause. *Entweder ... oder* is a paired *coordinating* conjunction. It connects two main clauses or parts of sentences, so it doesn't send the verb to the end. If *entweder* starts a sentence, the verb immediately follows it in the first clause, and the second clause follows normal main clause word order.

Q

Can *seitdem* also be used as a preposition like *seit*?

No, *seitdem* is either a subordinating conjunction (meaning

since [the time that]
) or an adverb (meaning since then, ever since). The word you use as a preposition to mean since (followed by a dative noun or pronoun) is *seit*. For example: *Seit letzter Woche* (Since last week) vs. *Seitdem ich hier bin* (Since I've been here).

Q

Is there a specific rule for tenses when using *nachdem*?

Yes, *nachdem* often implies a sequence of events. The action in the *nachdem*-clause generally occurs *before* the action in the main clause. If the main clause is in the present or future tense, the *nachdem*-clause usually uses the Perfekt. If the main clause is in a past tense (Präteritum or Perfekt), the *nachdem*-clause most commonly uses the Plusquamperfekt (past perfect) to clearly show that its action happened earlier in the past.

Cultural Context

Mastering conjunctions and time expressions is not just about grammatical correctness; it's about embracing a core aspect of German communication: precision and logical structuring. German culture often values clarity, order, and thoroughness, and this is deeply reflected in the language. The ability to articulate exact relationships between events – what happened first, why something is the case, or under what conditions – allows for more nuanced and less ambiguous expression.
Using these structures correctly demonstrates a speaker's ability to think and communicate in a structured way, which is highly appreciated in many German-speaking contexts, from academic discussions to professional environments. It moves your language beyond simple sentences and closer to the detailed, well-organized communication that is a hallmark of German discourse. It shows that you can connect ideas coherently, making your German sound more natural and sophisticated to native speakers.

Exemplos-chave (8)

1

Seitdem ich die App nutze, lerne ich jeden Tag.

Desde que eu uso o app, eu aprendo todo dia.

Usando 'Seitdem': Falando sobre coisas desde que começaram
2

Ich habe keine Kopfschmerzen mehr, seitdem ich mehr Kaffee trinke.

Não tenho mais dor de cabeça desde que tomo mais café.

Usando 'Seitdem': Falando sobre coisas desde que começaram
3

Als ich mein Handy verlor, war ich total panisch.

Quando perdi meu celular, fiquei totalmente em pânico.

Eventos Passados: Usando 'Als' (Uma vez só)
4

Als wir in Berlin waren, haben wir jeden Tag Döner gegessen.

Quando estávamos em Berlim, comíamos Döner todos os dias.

Eventos Passados: Usando 'Als' (Uma vez só)
5

Ich checke meine E-Mails, bevor ich das Büro verlasse.

Eu dou uma olhada nos meus e-mails antes de sair do escritório.

Conjunção Alemã: Como usar 'antes de' (bevor)
6

Bevor wir das Spiel starten, müssen wir die Regeln lesen.

Antes de começarmos o jogo, temos que ler as regras.

Conjunção Alemã: Como usar 'antes de' (bevor)
7

Wenn das W-LAN nicht funktioniert, raste ich aus.

Se o Wi-Fi não funcionar, eu surto.

A Chave Mestra 'Wenn': Se, Quando ou Sempre que?
8

Ich bestelle Pizza, wenn du vorbeikommst.

Eu peço pizza se você passar aqui.

A Chave Mestra 'Wenn': Se, Quando ou Sempre que?

Dicas e truques (4)

🎯

O Atalho do 'Seit'

Na conversa casual, você pode quase sempre trocar 'seitdem' por 'seit'. Ambos funcionam como conjunção:
Seit ich hier bin
é nota dez!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Usando 'Seitdem': Falando sobre coisas desde que começaram
🎯

O Teste do 'Immer'

Se der para colocar immer (sempre) antes e fizer sentido, use wenn. Se soar estranho como
Sempre quando eu nasci...
, use als:
Als ich geboren wurde...
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Eventos Passados: Usando 'Als' (Uma vez só)
🎯

A Regra Verbo-Vírgula-Verbo

Se você começar a frase com 'bevor', o verbo da primeira parte e o da segunda vão ficar vizinhos, separados só pela vírgula:
Bevor ich gehe, trinke ich.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Conjunção Alemã: Como usar 'antes de' (bevor)
🎯

O 'Chute no Verbo'

Imagine que o weil é um jogador de futebol. Sempre que ele entra, ele chuta o verbo para o final da frase:
Ich lerne, weil ich es brauche.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Dar razões: Usar 'porque' (weil)

Vocabulário-chave (5)

der Grund (masc.) the reason während while entweder either bevor before die Bedingung (fem.) the condition

Real-World Preview

plane

Planning a Trip

Review Summary

  • Main clause + weil + subject + ... + verb.

Erros comuns

In subordinating clauses, the verb must be at the end.

Wrong: Ich gehe, weil ich bin müde.
Correto: Ich gehe, weil ich müde bin.

Als is used for specific past events, so the past tense (Präteritum) is mandatory.

Wrong: Als ich gehe zur Arbeit...
Correto: Als ich zur Arbeit ging...

Verb position is key. Place the auxiliary verb at the end.

Wrong: Bevor ich habe gegessen...
Correto: Bevor ich gegessen habe...

Regras neste capítulo (8)

Next Steps

You have mastered the hardest part of German sentence structure. Keep practicing!

Write a journal entry about your weekend.

Prática rápida (10)

Qual frase está gramaticalmente correta?

Escolha o motivo correto para alguém estar atrasado:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ich bin spät, weil der Zug Verspätung hat.
A primeira opção tem o verbo no final E a vírgula obrigatória. A segunda erra a ordem, a terceira esquece a vírgula.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Dar razões: Usar 'porque' (weil)

Preencha os espaços com a conjunção de duas partes correta.

___ gehen wir heute Abend aus, ___ wir bleiben gemütlich auf dem Sofa.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Entweder ... oder
A frase apresenta duas escolhas exclusivas para a noite, por isso 'entweder ... oder' (ou ... ou) é o necessário.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Ou... ou: Fazer Escolhas (entweder ... oder)

Qual frase está gramaticalmente correta?

Escolha a frase correta:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Entweder du kommst mit, oder du bleibst hier.
'Oder' é uma conjunção de Posição 0, o que significa que a frase seguinte mantém a ordem normal de sujeito-verbo.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Ou... ou: Fazer Escolhas (entweder ... oder)

Preencha a lacuna com a ordem correta das palavras.

Ich höre einen Podcast, während ich ___ (kochen).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: koche
Em uma oração subordinada com 'während', o verbo conjugado 'koche' deve estar no final absoluto.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Alemão 'während': Enquanto & Enquanto que (Conjunções)

Encontre e corrija o erro de tempo verbal.

Find and fix the mistake:

Nachdem ich die Hausaufgabe mache, gehe ich schlafen.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nachdem ich die Hausaufgabe gemacht habe, gehe ich schlafen.
Você deve usar o Perfekt na oração com 'nachdem' se a principal estiver no Presente.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Usar 'depois de' em alemão: A conjunção 'nachdem'

Encontre e corrija o erro na ordem das palavras.

Wir reden, während wir essen das Abendessen.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Wir reden, während wir das Abendessen essen.
O verbo 'essen' deve ser empurrado para o final da oração iniciada por 'während'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Alemão 'während': Enquanto & Enquanto que (Conjunções)

Preencha a lacuna com a forma verbal correta.

Ich gehe schlafen, weil ich müde ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: bin
O sujeito é 'ich', então o verbo conjugado deve ser 'bin'. Como é uma frase com 'weil', ele vai para o final.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Dar razões: Usar 'porque' (weil)

Qual frase tem a ordem das palavras correta?

Se eu tiver tempo, eu leio.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Wenn ich Zeit habe, lese ich.
Na oração com 'wenn', o verbo (habe) vai para o final. A frase principal começa com o verbo (lese) logo após a vírgula.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: A Chave Mestra 'Wenn': Se, Quando ou Sempre que?

Qual frase está gramaticalmente correta?

Escolha a estrutura de frase correta:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Während ich lese, trinke ich Tee.
Se a oração com 'während' vier primeiro, a frase principal deve começar imediatamente com o verbo ('trinke').

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Alemão 'während': Enquanto & Enquanto que (Conjunções)

Encontre e corrija o erro nesta frase.

Er lernt, weil er will die Prüfung bestehen.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Er lernt, weil er die Prüfung bestehen will.
O verbo modal 'will' deve ir para o final absoluto da oração, vindo depois do infinitivo 'bestehen'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Dar razões: Usar 'porque' (weil)

Score: /10

Perguntas comuns (6)

'Seit' é uma preposição usada com nomes: Seit Montag. 'Seitdem' é uma conjunção para frases completas: Seitdem ich arbeite. Mas olha só: 'seit' também pode ser conjunção!
O verbo vai para o finalzinho da frase que começa com 'seitdem'. Se essa frase abrir o período, o próximo verbo vem logo após a vírgula:
Seitdem ich lerne, *bin* ich...
Não. 'Als' é estritamente para o passado. Para eventos futuros como
Quando eu chegar amanhã...
, você deve usar wenn.
'Als' é para coisas que aconteceram uma vez (evento único). 'Wenn' é para coisas repetidas, tipo toda vez que ou sempre que.
'Vor' é uma preposição usada com substantivos, como em Vor dem Film. Já 'bevor' é uma conjunção para frases completas com sujeito e verbo, tipo
Bevor der Film beginnt
.
Não, ele pode ir no meio também! Se estiver no meio, a primeira parte é normal e a segunda segue a regra do verbo no fim. Exemplo:
Ich esse, bevor ich gehe.