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B1 noun #7,000 mais comum 11 min de leitura

むくみ

mukumi Top 7,000

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas むくみ em 30 segundos

Explicação むくみ in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'mukumi' means 'swelling' in a very basic sense. You might use it to tell a doctor or a friend that your feet or face look bigger than usual. At this stage, don't worry about the medical causes. Just remember that it is a noun used with 'ga arimasu' (there is). For example, 'Ashi ni mukumi ga arimasu' (There is swelling in my legs). You might hear this word when you travel to Japan and walk a lot, causing your feet to feel tight in your shoes. It is a useful word for basic self-care and describing how you feel physically. You should also recognize that it is almost always written in Hiragana (むくみ), which makes it easy to read even if you don't know many Kanji yet. Focus on the connection between 'mukumi' and 'water' or 'salt' in simple sentences. If you say 'Mukumi desu,' people will understand you are talking about puffiness. It is a very common word in drugstores, so knowing it helps you find the right products for tired legs.

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At the A2 level, you can begin to use 'mukumi' in slightly more complex sentences, such as those explaining a cause or a result. You should learn the verb form 'mukumu' (to swell) and the potential form 'mukumimasu.' You can start using the particle 'de' to show cause, like 'Enbun de mukumimasu' (I swell up because of salt). You will also notice 'mukumi' in daily advertisements for socks or tea. At this level, you should be able to distinguish 'mukumi' from 'hare' (swelling from injury). Remember: 'mukumi' is for fluid, 'hare' is for a bump or injury. You might say, 'Kinō sake o takusan nonda node, kyō wa kao ga mukunde imasu' (Because I drank a lot of alcohol yesterday, my face is swollen today). This level involves connecting the word to your lifestyle habits. You can also start using basic adjectives with it, like 'mukumi ga hidoi' (the swelling is bad) or 'mukumi ga sukoshi aru' (there is a little swelling). Understanding this word helps you engage in small talk about health and beauty, which is a very common topic in Japan.

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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'mukumi' in a variety of social and semi-formal situations. You can describe symptoms in detail to a pharmacist or a massage therapist. You should understand phrases like 'mukumi o toru' (to remove swelling) and 'mukumi o kaishō suru' (to resolve swelling). You can also use the word in the context of 'mukumi-taisaku' (countermeasures against swelling). At this stage, you should be able to discuss the relationship between 'mukumi' and things like 'ketsueki junkan' (blood circulation) or 'rinpa' (lymph). You might say, 'Kono kutsushita wa mukumi-bōshi ni ii desu' (These socks are good for preventing swelling). You should also be able to read short articles or blog posts about health that use this word. You are expected to know that 'mukumi' is a common complaint for office workers and pregnant women. Your ability to use 'mukumi' correctly shows that you understand the cultural importance of 'body maintenance' in Japan. You can also use it to express empathy when a friend complains about their tired legs after a long day of sightseeing.

At the B2 level, you can use 'mukumi' to discuss more technical health topics and understand the nuances of the word in different registers. You should be familiar with the formal term 'fushu' (浮腫) and know when it is appropriate to use it instead of 'mukumi.' You can explain the physiological process of fluid retention in Japanese, using terms like 'saibō-nai-eki' (intracellular fluid) or 'shintō-atsu' (osmotic pressure) if needed in a technical discussion. You can also understand and use idiomatic or onomatopoeic expressions like 'ashi ga panpan ni mukumu' (legs swelling until they are bursting). At this level, you can critically evaluate beauty products or health advice related to 'mukumi' that you see in the media. You can participate in discussions about how diet, such as potassium intake (kariumu), affects 'mukumi.' You should also be aware of the social aspect—how 'mukumi' is often a euphemism for looking tired or slightly bloated. Your usage should be natural, incorporating the word into complex sentences with ease, such as 'Taishitsu-teki ni mukumi-yasui node, enbun o hikaeru yō ni shite imasu' (Since I tend to swell up easily due to my constitution, I try to cut back on salt).

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At the C1 level, you possess a deep understanding of 'mukumi' and its related concepts in Japanese society, medicine, and literature. You can navigate complex medical consultations, understanding the systemic implications of chronic 'mukumi' as a symptom of underlying diseases like renal failure or congestive heart failure. You are familiar with the history of the word and its kanji origins, even if the kanji is rarely used. You can discuss the marketing strategies of the 'mukumi' industry in Japan, analyzing how beauty standards drive the demand for 'mukumi-kaishō' products. You can also use the word in a more literary or nuanced way to describe a person's physical state or the 'heaviness' of a character's body in a story. You understand the subtle difference between 'mukumi' and other types of puffiness in various contexts, such as the 'mukumi' of a face after crying vs. the 'mukumi' from a high-sodium diet. You can write detailed reports or articles about health and wellness that incorporate 'mukumi' correctly alongside its formal counterparts. Your command of the word is indistinguishable from a native speaker, including the use of appropriate honorifics if you are a professional in the health or beauty industry.

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At the C2 level, you have mastered 'mukumi' to the point where you can use it with absolute precision in any context, from high-level medical research to classical literary analysis. You understand the etymological roots of the verb 'mukumu' and how its meaning has evolved over centuries. You can debate the nuances of fluid dynamics in the human body using highly specialized Japanese terminology, while still being able to switch to the colloquial 'mukumi' to build rapport with a layperson. You are aware of the most obscure synonyms and archaic terms for swelling and can explain why 'mukumi' remains the dominant term in the modern lexicon. You can analyze the cultural semiotics of 'mukumi' in Japanese media, discussing how it reflects broader societal anxieties about health, aging, and appearance. Your ability to use the word is characterized by perfect timing, appropriate register, and a complete lack of hesitation. You can also handle complex puns or wordplay involving 'mukumi' if they arise in humor or advertising. In short, your understanding of 'mukumi' is comprehensive, covering its linguistic, medical, cultural, and historical dimensions.

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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

むくみ em 30 segundos

Mukumi refers to swelling or edema caused by fluid retention in the body's tissues.
It is a common daily health concern in Japan, especially for legs and face.
It is caused by factors like high salt intake, alcohol, or lack of movement.
Commonly treated with massage, compression socks, and dietary changes like reducing salt.

The Japanese word むくみ (mukumi) refers to what is medically known in English as edema or, more commonly, swelling. It describes a condition where excess fluid becomes trapped in the body's tissues, leading to a puffy or enlarged appearance. Unlike swelling caused by a sudden injury—like a sprained ankle or a bee sting—mukumi is most frequently used to describe temporary fluid retention caused by lifestyle factors, such as standing for long hours, consuming too much salt, or hormonal changes. In Japan, this is a very common topic in both health and beauty circles, as many people are concerned with the aesthetic and physical discomfort associated with facial or leg puffiness.

Physical Sensation: When someone experiences むくみ, their skin might feel tight or heavy. If you press your finger into a swollen area, the indentation may remain for a few seconds. This is often described as 'feeling heavy' (体が重い).

昨日はお酒を飲みすぎたので、朝起きたら顔のむくみがひどかったです。(I drank too much last night, so when I woke up this morning, the swelling in my face was terrible.)

The word is primarily a noun, but it is derived from the verb mukumu (むくむ). While a doctor might use the term 浮腫 (fushu) in a formal medical report, むくみ is the standard term used in daily conversation, advertisements for supplements, and beauty magazines. It is a word you will hear frequently at drugstores, where entire aisles are dedicated to 'mukumi' relief products like compression socks or herbal teas designed to improve circulation.

Common Scenarios: Long flights (エコノミークラス症候群), pregnancy, salty ramen late at night, and office jobs where one sits all day are the most common contexts for using this word.

立ち仕事の後は、足のむくみを取るためにマッサージをします。(After standing work, I do a massage to remove the swelling in my legs.)

Understanding the nuance of むくみ is crucial for navigating Japanese self-care culture. It isn't just a medical symptom; it's a daily nuisance that people actively manage through diet, exercise, and specialized products. When you tell a Japanese friend, 'Ashi ga mukunderu' (My legs are swollen), they will likely suggest drinking corn tea or putting your feet up, recognizing it as a sign of fatigue or dietary imbalance rather than a serious injury.

Linguistic Nuance: Note that 'mukumi' is almost always written in Hiragana. While the Kanji 浮腫 exists, it is considered too technical for casual use. Hiragana gives the word a softer, more approachable feel, fitting for a common physical complaint.

塩分を控えることで、むくみを予防することができます。(By cutting back on salt, you can prevent swelling.)

妊娠中は特に足のむくみが気になります。(During pregnancy, I am especially concerned about swelling in my legs.)

このサプリメントはむくみ解消に効果があると言われています。(This supplement is said to be effective for resolving swelling.)

Using むくみ correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a noun and its relationship with specific verbs. The most common way to state that you have swelling is using the pattern [Body Part] + の + むくみ + が + [Verb]. The most frequent verbs paired with it are aru (exists), deru (appears/comes out), and hidoi (is terrible/severe). For example, 'Ashi no mukumi ga hidoi' means 'The swelling in my legs is severe.' This structure is straightforward and helps you specify exactly where the issue is occurring.

Verb Pairings: Getting Rid of Swelling: To talk about reducing or eliminating swelling, use verbs like 取る (toru - to take away), 解消する (kaishō suru - to resolve), or 抑える (osaeru - to suppress/control). Example: 'Mukumi o toru massāji' (A massage to remove swelling).

夕方になると靴がきつくなるのは、足のむくみのせいです。(The reason my shoes get tight in the evening is because of the swelling in my feet.)

Another important grammatical point is the verb form むくむ (mukumu). This is a Godan verb. You can use it to describe the action of swelling directly: 'Ashi ga mukunde iru' (My legs are swollen right now). The noun mukumi is often preferred when discussing the condition as a topic, whereas mukumu is used to describe the state or process. For instance, in a medical consultation, you might say, 'Saikin, yoku mukumu n desu' (Recently, I swell up often).

Causality with 'de' and 'ni yoru': When explaining the cause of swelling, use particles like で (de) or phrases like による (ni yoru). Example: 'Enbun no torisugi de mukumi ga deru' (Swelling appears due to excessive salt intake).

冷え性はむくみの原因の一つと言われています。(Poor circulation is said to be one of the causes of swelling.)

In more formal or written contexts, you might see むくみ combined with other nouns to create compound terms. For example, むくみ対策 (mukumi taisaku) refers to 'countermeasures against swelling,' and むくみ防止 (mukumi bōshi) means 'prevention of swelling.' These are common on product labels and in health articles. When you see these, the word mukumi acts as a clear descriptor of the problem the product or advice is intended to solve.

Describing Severity: To describe the degree of swelling, use adverbs like ひどく (hidoku - severely), 少し (sukoshi - a little), or パンパンに (panpan ni - bursting/tightly). The latter is an onomatopoeic expression often used for very swollen legs.

飛行機に長時間乗ると、足がパンパンにむくみます。(When riding a plane for a long time, my legs swell up until they are tight/bursting.)

このお茶を飲むと、翌朝の顔のむくみがスッキリします。(Drinking this tea makes the morning swelling in my face feel refreshed/cleared.)

マッサージ店で「むくみがたまっていますね」と言われました。(At the massage parlor, I was told, 'You have a lot of swelling built up.')

The word むくみ is ubiquitous in Japanese daily life, particularly in environments focused on health, wellness, and aesthetics. If you walk into a Japanese drugstore like Matsumoto Kiyoshi or Welcia, you will see it prominently displayed on packaging for various products. It is the primary keyword for 'slimming' socks (like the famous 'MediQttO' brand), diuretic supplements, and bath salts. In these contexts, the word is used to appeal to people who feel their body is 'heavy' or 'out of shape' due to water retention.

In Beauty Salons and Spas: Estheticians and massage therapists use 'mukumi' to explain why a client's limbs feel stiff or why their face looks tired. They might say, 'Mukumi o nagashimashō' (Let's flush out the swelling/fluid), referring to lymphatic drainage techniques.

ドラッグストアでむくみ解消のソックスを買いました。(I bought swelling-relief socks at the drugstore.)

Television commercials and variety shows frequently discuss むくみ. You might see a 'lifestyle hack' segment showing how to use a 'kassa' (scraping tool) to reduce facial swelling after a night of drinking, or a health program explaining the link between 'mukumi' and kidney function. In these media representations, the word bridges the gap between a minor cosmetic concern and a legitimate health indicator. It’s a socially acceptable way to talk about one's body without sounding overly clinical or dramatic.

In Medical Settings: While doctors use 'fushu' (浮腫) in technical discussions, they will almost always use 'mukumi' when speaking to patients to ensure they are understood. A doctor might ask, 'Asa, kao no mukumi wa arimasu ka?' (Do you have swelling in your face in the morning?).

テレビで紹介されていたむくみ改善のストレッチを試してみました。(I tried the swelling-improvement stretches that were introduced on TV.)

Social media platforms like Instagram and Twitter are also full of this word. Influencers post 'before and after' photos of their faces, attributing the change to 'mukumi' removal. The hashtags #むくみ解消 (mukumi kaishō) and #むくみ改善 (mukumi kaizen) are extremely popular. This digital presence highlights how the word is integrated into the modern Japanese pursuit of 'kogao' (a small, slim face), which is a major beauty standard in East Asia.

Workplace Conversations: It's common to hear colleagues complain about 'mukumi' after a long day of meetings or after a company 'nomikai' (drinking party). It serves as a shared experience of physical fatigue.

「最近、足のむくみが取れなくて困っているんだ」と友人が言っていました。(My friend was saying, 'I'm having trouble lately because the swelling in my legs won't go away.')

雑誌のむくみ特集を読んで、カリウムの重要性を知りました。(I read a special feature on swelling in a magazine and learned about the importance of potassium.)

立ち仕事が続くと、どうしても足のむくみが気になります。(When standing work continues, I can't help but worry about the swelling in my legs.)

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using むくみ is confusing it with other types of physical enlargement. In English, the word 'swelling' is a broad term that covers everything from a bump on the head to fluid retention. In Japanese, however, these are distinct. If you hit your head and get a bump, you should use たんこぶ (tankobu) or 腫れ (hare). Using mukumi in this context would sound very strange, as mukumi specifically implies fluid accumulation in the tissues, not a localized reaction to trauma.

Mukumi vs. Hare (腫れ): Hare is used for inflammation, infections, or injuries (like a swollen bee sting or a sprained wrist). Mukumi is for systemic or lifestyle-related fluid retention (like puffy eyes after crying or swollen ankles from standing).

× 転んで足がむくみました。 (Incorrect: Fell and the leg swelled - implies fluid retention)
○ 転んで足が腫れました。 (Correct: Fell and the leg swelled - implies injury inflammation)

Another mistake involves the grammatical structure. Because mukumi is a noun, it cannot be used directly as a verb without the helper ga aru or ni naru. Some learners try to say 'Mukumi-shimasu' (I do swelling), which is incorrect. You should either use the noun form mukumi ga arimasu or the verb mukumimasu. Additionally, learners often forget that mukumi is generally treated as a negative or undesirable state. You wouldn't use it to describe the healthy growth of a muscle or the 'swelling' of pride.

Overusing the Kanji: While the kanji 浮腫 exists, writing it in a casual text message to a friend looks overly clinical, like you're writing a medical dissertation. Stick to むくみ in 99% of daily situations.

× 泣いたので目が腫れました。 (Technically okay, but...)
○ 泣いたので目がむくみました。 (Better: Describes the puffy, fluid-filled look after crying.)

Finally, be careful with the word 太る (futoru - to get fat). Sometimes learners see their face looking puffy and say 'Kao ga futotta' (My face got fat). While this might be true over time, if it's just a temporary morning puffiness, mukumi is the correct and much kinder term to use. In Japan, attributing a change in appearance to 'mukumi' is a common way to avoid the stigma of weight gain, as it implies a temporary condition that can be fixed with a massage or a better night's sleep.

Confusion with 'Horeru': Do not confuse 'mukumi' with 'hoeru' (to bark) or 'horeru' (to fall in love). They sound somewhat similar to beginners but have entirely different meanings.

× 運動不足で足が腫れています。 (Incorrect: Lack of exercise doesn't cause injury-swelling)
○ 運動不足で足がむくみがちです。 (Correct: Lack of exercise makes legs prone to swelling/fluid retention.)

× 虫に刺されてむくみました。 (Incorrect: Insect bites cause 'hare')
○ 虫に刺されて腫れました。 (Correct: Insect bites cause inflammation/swelling.)

While むくみ is the most common term for general swelling, several other words share the same semantic space but carry different nuances. Understanding these alternatives will help you be more precise in your Japanese descriptions. The most important distinction to master is between mukumi and hare, but beyond that, there are medical terms and onomatopoeic expressions that add color to the language.

Comparison: Mukumi vs. Hare (腫れ)

むくみ: Fluid retention. No pain usually, just heaviness. Caused by salt, lack of movement, or internal health issues.
腫れ: Inflammation. Often accompanied by redness, heat, and pain. Caused by injury, infection, or allergy.

In a medical context, you will encounter the term 浮腫 (fushu). This is the direct translation of 'edema.' While you wouldn't use it at a dinner table, you will see it in medical documents, insurance forms, or when a doctor is explaining a serious condition like heart or kidney failure. Another related term is 水腫 (suishu), which refers to 'dropsy' or a more severe accumulation of water in a body cavity, though this is even rarer in daily speech.

Onomatopoeia: Pan-pan and Puka-puka: Japanese is rich in onomatopoeia. パンパン (pan-pan) describes something stretched to its limit, like legs so swollen they feel like they might burst. ブクブク (buku-buku) can describe a bloated or water-logged appearance, often used for someone who has gained weight quickly due to fluid or unhealthy eating.

足がパンパンで、ブーツが入らない！ (My legs are so swollen/tight that my boots won't fit!)

If you want to describe a 'bloated' feeling in the stomach (gas or overeating), the word 膨満感 (bōmankan) is used. This is distinct from mukumi, which is about the limbs and face. If someone looks generally 'swollen' due to weight gain, people might use the verb 膨らむ (fukuramu - to expand/swell), though this is more neutral and can apply to balloons or bread dough as well. Knowing when to switch from mukumi to these other terms will make your Japanese sound much more natural and precise.

Summary of Alternatives

浮腫 (fushu): Clinical term for edema.
腫れ (hare): Swelling from injury/inflammation.
膨張 (bōchō): Physical expansion (like a gas expanding).
デトックス (detox): Often used in the context of removing 'mukumi' in beauty marketing.

この漢方薬は身体の余分な水分を出し、浮腫を改善します。(This herbal medicine removes excess water from the body and improves edema.)

お腹の膨満感が続いていて、苦しいです。(The bloated feeling in my stomach is continuing, and it's painful.)

マッサージでリンパを流すと、むくみが取れます。(If you flush the lymph through massage, the swelling will go away.)

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

While the kanji '浮腫' (literally 'floating swelling') is used today, historically 'mukumu' was sometimes associated with the idea of 'muku' (pure/bare), though this is linguistically debated. The most direct connection is to the physical state of being water-logged.

Guia de pronúncia

UK /mɯ.kɯ.mi/

US /mu.ku.mi/

In Tokyo Japanese (Standard), the pitch accent is usually 'Heiban' (Flat) or 'Atamadaka' depending on dialect, but generally, the pitch rises on 'ku' and stays steady or drops slightly on 'mi'.

Rima com

Tsukumi (a place name) Kurumi (walnut) Megumi (blessing) Kasumi (mist) Natsumi (name) Tsutsumi (package) Yashimi (ambition - partial) Hitomi (pupil of the eye)

Erros comuns

Pronouncing 'u' like the English 'oo' in 'food' (too rounded).
Stressing the first syllable like 'MU-kumi'.
Confusing the 'mi' at the end with 'mu' (mukumu vs mukumi).
Adding a long vowel sound (mukuumi).
Pronouncing 'k' with too much aspiration.

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 2/5

Usually written in Hiragana, making it very easy to read even for beginners.

Escrita 2/5

Simple Hiragana. The kanji 浮腫 is rare and difficult, but not necessary for daily life.

Expressão oral 3/5

Requires understanding the difference between the noun 'mukumi' and verb 'mukumu'.

Audição 2/5

Clear pronunciation, though it can be confused with other 'muku' words.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

足 (ashi) - leg/foot 顔 (kao) - face 痛い (itai) - painful ある (aru) - to exist ひどい (hidoi) - terrible

Aprenda a seguir

血行 (kekkou) - blood circulation 解消 (kaishou) - resolution/elimination 予防 (yobou) - prevention 腫れる (hareru) - to swell (injury) 凝り (kori) - stiffness (e.g., shoulder stiffness)

Avançado

浮腫 (fushu) - medical edema 浸透圧 (shintou-atsu) - osmotic pressure 利尿作用 (rinyou-sayou) - diuretic effect 新陳代謝 (shinchintaisha) - metabolism

Gramática essencial

The suffix '-yasui' (easy to/prone to)

むくみやすい (prone to swelling).

The particle 'de' for cause

塩分でむくむ (To swell because of salt).

The '-te iru' form for state

足がむくんでいる (My legs are currently swollen).

The '-te shimau' form for regret

顔がむくんでしまった (My face unfortunately swelled up).

The 'tame ni' structure for purpose

むくみを取るためにマッサージをする (To massage in order to remove swelling).

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Exemplos por nível

足にむくみがあります。

I have swelling in my feet.

Uses the basic 'noun + ga arimasu' structure.

顔のむくみがひどいです。

The swelling in my face is bad.

Adjective 'hidoi' modifies the noun 'mukumi'.

むくみの薬はありますか？

Is there medicine for swelling?

Asking for a specific type of medicine using 'no'.

水曜日、足がむくみました。

On Wednesday, my legs swelled up.

Uses the past tense of the verb 'mukumu' (mukumashita).

むくみは痛くないです。

The swelling is not painful.

Negative adjective 'itakunai' to describe the sensation.

立ち仕事でむくみが出ました。

Swelling appeared due to standing work.

Uses 'de' to indicate the cause.

このお茶はむくみにいいです。

This tea is good for swelling.

Uses 'ni ii' to mean 'good for/effective for'.

少しむくんでいます。

It is swollen a little.

Uses the continuous state '-te iru' form.

塩分を摂りすぎると、むくみの原因になります。

Taking too much salt causes swelling.

Uses 'gen'in ni naru' (becomes the cause).

お酒を飲んだ次の日は、顔がむくみやすいです。

The day after drinking alcohol, my face tends to swell.

Uses '-yasui' suffix to mean 'easy to/tends to'.

むくみを取るために、マッサージをしてください。

Please do a massage to remove the swelling.

Uses 'tame ni' (in order to).

この靴下を履くと、むくみが楽になります。

When I wear these socks, the swelling feels better.

Uses the conditional 'to' for a natural result.

飛行機に乗ると、いつも足がむくんでしまいます。

When I ride a plane, my legs always end up swelling.

Uses '-te shimau' to show an undesirable result.

むくみが全然取れなくて困っています。

I'm in trouble because the swelling won't go away at all.

Potential negative form 'tore-nai' (cannot be taken away).

運動をすると、むくみが解消されます。

When you exercise, swelling is resolved.

Passive form 'kaishō sareru' (is resolved).

朝起きた時、顔のむくみをチェックします。

When I wake up in the morning, I check the swelling in my face.

Uses 'toki' to indicate time.

最近、夕方になると足のむくみがひどくなるんです。

Lately, when it gets to evening, the swelling in my legs gets worse.

Uses 'n desu' for explanation/emphasis.

むくみ対策として、カリウムを多く含む食品を食べています。

As a countermeasure for swelling, I eat foods rich in potassium.

Uses 'toshite' to mean 'as/in the capacity of'.

長時間のデスクワークは、むくみの主な理由の一つです。

Long hours of desk work are one of the main reasons for swelling.

Uses 'no hitotsu' (one of...).

お風呂でゆっくり足を揉むと、むくみがスッキリしますよ。

If you massage your legs slowly in the bath, the swelling will feel refreshed.

Onomatopoeia 'sukkiri' used for relief.

このサプリはむくみ改善に効果があると評判です。

This supplement is rumored to be effective for improving swelling.

Uses 'to hyōban desu' (is rumored to be/has a reputation for).

妊娠後期に入ってから、特に足のむくみが気になります。

Since entering the late stages of pregnancy, I'm especially concerned about leg swelling.

Uses '-te kara' (since doing...).

冷え性は血行を悪くし、むくみを引き起こします。

Sensitivity to cold worsens blood circulation and causes swelling.

Uses 'hikiokosu' (to cause/trigger).

マッサージ店で「むくみが溜まっていますね」と言われました。

I was told at the massage parlor, 'You have swelling built up.'

Uses 'tamaru' (to accumulate/build up).

腎臓の機能が低下すると、全身にむくみが現れることがあります。

When kidney function declines, swelling may appear throughout the body.

Uses 'koto ga aru' (there are times when...).

アルコール摂取後のむくみは、血管が拡張して水分が漏れ出すためです。

Swelling after alcohol consumption is because blood vessels dilate and fluid leaks out.

Uses 'tame desu' to explain a biological reason.

着圧ソックスは、外部から圧力をかけることでむくみを防止します。

Compression socks prevent swelling by applying pressure from the outside.

Uses 'koto de' to show the means/method.

慢性的なむくみは、何らかの病気のサインである可能性も否定できません。

The possibility that chronic swelling is a sign of some illness cannot be denied.

Uses 'hitei dekimasen' (cannot be denied/is possible).

リンパの流れを促進することで、効率よくむくみを除去できます。

By promoting lymph flow, you can efficiently remove swelling.

Uses 'sokusin suru' (to promote/accelerate).

この漢方薬は、体内の水分バランスを整えてむくみを和らげます。

This herbal medicine balances body fluids and eases swelling.

Uses 'yawarageru' (to soften/ease).

塩分の過剰摂取は浸透圧の関係で、むくみを誘発しやすくなります。

Excessive salt intake easily induces swelling due to osmotic pressure.

Uses 'yūhatsu' (to induce/trigger).

立ちっぱなしの後は、足を高くして寝るとむくみが軽減されます。

After standing all day, sleeping with your legs elevated reduces swelling.

Uses 'keigen sareru' (is reduced/alleviated).

特発性浮腫は、特に原因が見当たらないにもかかわらず、むくみが生じる状態を指します。

Idiopathic edema refers to a condition where swelling occurs despite no apparent cause.

Uses 'ni kakawarazu' (despite/regardless of).

現代人の多くが悩む「むくみ」は、運動不足と食生活の乱れが複雑に絡み合っています。

The 'swelling' that many modern people suffer from is a complex intertwining of lack of exercise and disordered eating habits.

Uses 'karamiatte iru' (intertwined).

顔のむくみは、第一印象を左右する美容上の大きな懸念事項となっています。

Facial swelling has become a major cosmetic concern that influences first impressions.

Uses 'sayū suru' (to influence/decide).

心不全の初期症状として、足の甲に顕著なむくみが見られることがあります。

As an early symptom of heart failure, significant swelling may be seen on the top of the foot.

Uses 'kencho-na' (remarkable/notable).

東洋医学では、むくみは「水毒」と呼ばれ、体内の水の巡りが滞っていると考えます。

In Oriental medicine, swelling is called 'suitoku' (water poison), and it's thought that the circulation of water in the body is stagnant.

Uses 'todokōru' (to be stagnant/delayed).

更年期障害に伴うホルモンバランスの変化が、ひどいむくみを引き起こすケースも少なくありません。

There are many cases where changes in hormonal balance associated with menopause cause severe swelling.

Uses 'sukunaku arimasen' (is not rare/is common).

美容業界では、むくみ解消を謳った多様なエステメニューが展開されています。

In the beauty industry, various aesthetic menus claiming to resolve swelling are being developed.

Uses 'utatta' (claiming/professing).

利尿作用のある食材を積極的に取り入れることで、むくみの蓄積を防ぐことができます。

By actively incorporating ingredients with diuretic effects, you can prevent the accumulation of swelling.

Uses 'rinyō sayō' (diuretic effect).

浮腫という医学的知見に基づき、むくみのメカニズムを解明する試みが続いています。

Based on medical knowledge of edema, attempts to elucidate the mechanism of swelling continue.

Uses 'kaimei suru' (to elucidate/clarify).

文学作品において、身体のむくみはしばしば、精神的な閉塞感や停滞のメタファーとして描かれる。

In literary works, physical swelling is often depicted as a metaphor for spiritual claustrophobia or stagnation.

Uses 'metafā' (metaphor).

長時間のフライトにおける下肢のむくみは、深部静脈血栓症を誘発する恐れがあり、軽視できない。

Swelling of the lower limbs during long flights can trigger deep vein thrombosis and cannot be overlooked.

Uses 'keishi dekinai' (cannot be taken lightly).

高度経済成長期の公害病においても、全身のむくみは深刻な健康被害の兆候として報告されていた。

Even in pollution-related diseases during the period of high economic growth, systemic swelling was reported as a sign of serious health damage.

Uses 'chōkō' (sign/indication).

加齢に伴う筋力低下は、ポンプ機能の衰えを招き、結果として恒常的なむくみを定着させる。

Muscle weakness associated with aging leads to a decline in pump function, and as a result, establishes permanent swelling.

Uses 'kōjō-teki' (constant/permanent).

バイオテクノロジーの進展により、細胞レベルでのむくみ抑制に特化した新薬の開発が期待されている。

With the advancement of biotechnology, the development of new drugs specialized in suppressing swelling at the cellular level is expected.

Uses 'tokka shita' (specialized/focused).

伝統的な日本家屋の寒冷な環境が、居住者の「むくみ」や「冷え」を助長してきた側面は否めない。

It cannot be denied that the cold environment of traditional Japanese houses has contributed to the residents' 'swelling' and 'cold sensitivity.'

Uses 'jocho suru' (to promote/encourage - usually something bad).

社会学的な視点からは、むくみ対策への過度な執着は、現代の身体管理主義の一環とも捉えられる。

From a sociological perspective, excessive obsession with swelling countermeasures can be seen as part of modern body-management ideology.

Uses 'ikkann' (a part of/link in a chain).

Colocações comuns

むくみが出る

むくみを取る

むくみがひどい

むくみを解消する

むくみが気になる

むくみを予防する

むくみが溜まる

むくみ対策

むくみ防止

むくみが引く

Frases Comuns

顔がむくむ

— The face swells up. Used commonly when waking up after drinking or salty food.

朝起きたら顔がむくんでいた。(When I woke up, my face was swollen.)

足がパンパン

— Legs are bursting/tight. A very common way to describe severe leg swelling.

立ち仕事の後は足がパンパンになる。(After standing work, my legs get tight/swollen.)

むくみやすい体質

— A constitution/body type that tends to swell easily.

私はむくみやすい体質なんです。(I have a body type that swells easily.)

むくみ解消マッサージ

— A massage aimed at resolving swelling.

寝る前にむくみ解消マッサージをする。(Do a swelling-relief massage before bed.)

塩分とむくみ

— Salt and swelling. Refers to the causal link between the two.

塩分とむくみの関係について調べる。(Research the relationship between salt and swelling.)

むくみが取れてスッキリ

— Swelling is gone and feeling refreshed.

むくみが取れてスッキリした顔になった。(The swelling went away and my face looks refreshed.)

むくみの原因

— The cause of swelling.

むくみの原因は寝不足かもしれない。(The cause of the swelling might be lack of sleep.)

むくみ専門

— Specializing in swelling (e.g., a clinic or a product line).

ここはむくみ専門のサロンです。(This is a salon specializing in swelling.)

むくみを抑える

— To suppress or keep swelling down.

漢方でむくみを抑える。(Suppress swelling with Kampo.)

むくみがひどくなる

— The swelling gets worse.

夕方になるとむくみがひどくなる。(The swelling gets worse in the evening.)

Frequentemente confundido com

むくみ vs 腫れ (hare)

Hare is for injury/inflammation; mukumi is for fluid retention.

むくみ vs 太る (futoru)

Futoru is gaining fat; mukumi is temporary water weight/puffiness.

むくみ vs 膨らむ (fukuramu)

Fukuramu is general expansion; mukumi is specific to tissue fluid.

Expressões idiomáticas

"足が棒になる"

— Legs become like sticks/poles. Describes legs that are so tired and swollen they feel stiff and hard to move.

一日中歩いて足が棒になった。(I walked all day and my legs turned into sticks.)

Common/Idiomatic

"水ぶくれ"

— A water blister. While not exactly 'mukumi,' it refers to a localized accumulation of fluid under the skin.

靴擦れで水ぶくれができた。(I got a water blister from my shoes rubbing.)

General

"顔を洗って出直してこい"

— Wash your face and come back. Sometimes implies looking 'puffy' or 'unprepared' and needing to sober up/refresh.

そんな態度なら、顔を洗って出直してこい！(If that's your attitude, wash your face and come back!)

Rough/Idiomatic

"水も滴るいい男"

— A man so handsome water could drip from him. Uses water imagery positively, unlike 'mukumi'.

彼はまさに水も滴るいい男だ。(He is a truly handsome man.)

Literary/Complimentary

"パンパンに張る"

— To be stretched tight. Often used for swollen muscles or skin affected by mukumi.

ふくらはぎがパンパンに張っている。(My calves are stretched tight/swollen.)

Colloquial

"泥船に乗ったよう"

— Like being on a boat made of mud. Implies a heavy, sinking feeling often associated with physical lethargy/mukumi.

このプロジェクトは泥船に乗ったような不安がある。(This project feels as unstable as a mud boat.)

Idiomatic

"体が重い"

— Body feels heavy. The primary subjective feeling of having mukumi.

むくみのせいで体が重い。(My body feels heavy because of the swelling.)

General

"血の巡りが悪い"

— Poor blood circulation. Frequently cited as the underlying cause of mukumi.

血の巡りが悪いとむくみやすくなる。(Poor circulation makes it easy to swell.)

General

"毒素が溜まる"

— Toxins accumulate. Often used in detox marketing alongside mukumi.

マッサージで毒素が溜まるのを防ぐ。(Prevent toxins from building up with massage.)

Beauty/Pseudo-scientific

"水が溜まる"

— Water accumulates. A literal description of the mukumi process.

膝に水が溜まって痛い。(Water has accumulated in my knee and it hurts.)

Medical/General

Fácil de confundir

むくみ vs 腫れ (hare)

Both translate to 'swelling' in English.

Hare involves inflammation, redness, and pain from injury. Mukumi is painless fluid retention.

転んで足が腫れた (Leg swelled from falling) vs. 立ち仕事で足がむくんだ (Leg swelled from standing).

むくみ vs 浮腫 (fushu)

They mean the same thing medically.

Fushu is the technical medical term. Mukumi is the common daily term.

診断書には浮腫と書かれた。(Edema was written on the diagnosis.)

むくみ vs たんこぶ (tankobu)

Both involve a part of the body getting bigger.

Tankobu is a localized bump on the head from a blow. Mukumi is diffuse fluid.

頭を打ってたんこぶができた。(Hit my head and got a bump.)

むくみ vs 膨満感 (bōmankan)

Both feel like 'bloating'.

Bōmankan is internal gas/fullness in the stomach. Mukumi is in the skin/limbs.

お腹の膨満感がひどい。(The bloating in my stomach is bad.)

むくみ vs 凝り (kori)

Both describe physical discomfort in muscles.

Kori is muscle stiffness (like shoulders). Mukumi is fluid puffiness.

肩が凝っている。(My shoulders are stiff.)

Padrões de frases

[Part] + に + むくみ + が + あります。

足にむくみがあります。

[Cause] + で + [Part] + が + むくみます。

お酒で顔がむくみます。

むくみ + を + [Verb of removal] + 。

むくみを取りたいです。

[Part] + が + パンパンに + むくむ。

足がパンパンにむくみました。

[Part] + の + むくみ + は + [Cause] + による + ものだ。

足のむくみは塩分によるものだ。

むくみ + 改善 + に + 効果 + が + ある。

このお茶はむくみ改善に効果がある。

むくみ + を + 放置する + と + [Negative result] + 。

むくみを放置すると血行が悪くなります。

むくみ + は + [Context] + の + メタファー + だ。

むくみは停滞のメタファーだ。

Família de palavras

Substantivos

むくみ (mukumi) - swelling

浮腫 (fushu) - clinical edema

浮腫状 (fushujō) - edematous state

Verbos

むくむ (mukumu) - to swell

むくませる (mukumaseru) - to cause to swell (causative)

むくみ出る (mukumideru) - to start swelling out

Adjetivos

むくみっぽい (mukumippoi) - prone to swelling / looking swollen

腫れぼったい (harebottai) - puffy/swollen looking

Relacionado

塩分 (enbun) - salt content

水分 (suibun) - water/moisture

循環 (junkan) - circulation

リンパ (rinpa) - lymph

カリウム (kariumu) - potassium

Cadastre-se grátis para ver todos os exemplos

Como usar

frequency

Extremely high in daily life, health, and beauty contexts.

Erros comuns

Using 'mukumi' for a sprained ankle. → 腫れ (hare)
'Mukumi' is for fluid retention; 'hare' is for injury-related swelling.
Saying 'Mukumi-shimasu'. → むくみます (mukumimasu) or むくみがあります (mukumi ga arimasu)
'Mukumi' is a noun and doesn't take 'suru'. Use the verb 'mukumu'.
Using 'mukumi' for a stomach ache/bloating. → 膨満感 (bōmankan) or お腹が張る (onaka ga haru)
'Mukumi' is for tissue fluid in limbs/face, not gas in the stomach.
Writing 浮腫 in a casual LINE message. → むくみ (mukumi)
The kanji is very formal/medical and looks out of place in casual chat.
Confusing 'mukumu' with 'muku' (to peel). → むくむ (mukumu)
'Muku' (peel an orange) and 'mukumu' (to swell) are different verbs.

Dicas

Verb vs. Noun

Remember that 'mukumi' is the noun and 'mukumu' is the verb. Use 'mukumi ga aru' for the state and 'mukumu' for the action.

Beauty Marketing

Look for the word むくみ on drugstore products. It's the key to finding compression wear and detox teas.

Don't confuse with injury

Never use 'mukumi' for a sprained ankle. That is always 'hare'.

Onomatopoeia

Learn 'panpan' to describe the feeling of severe swelling. It makes your Japanese sound very natural.

Potassium is key

In Japan, 'kariumu' (potassium) is the most suggested remedy for mukumi. You'll see this in many health articles.

Pitch Accent

The pitch usually rises on 'ku'. Try to say 'mu-KUMI' with a slight rise in the middle.

Travel Essential

If you are traveling in Japan, you will likely walk 20k steps a day. 'Mukumi' is the word you'll need to explain why your feet hurt.

Stick to Hiragana

Even if you know the kanji 浮腫, using it in a text can make you seem stiff. Stick to むくみ.

Mukumi vs. Futoru

If your face looks puffy in the morning, say 'mukunde iru' instead of 'futoru' to be more accurate and kinder to yourself.

Beauty Salons

If you go for a facial or massage in Japan, listen for the word 'nagashimasu' (to flush) in relation to 'mukumi'.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Imagine a 'MOO' (cow) that drank too much 'KUMI' (cool) water and became 'MUKUMI' (swollen).

Associação visual

Visualize a pair of legs that look like two overstuffed 'muku' (puffy) pillows.

Word Web

Water Salt Legs Face Puffy Massage Socks Heavy

Desafio

Try to find 3 products in a Japanese online store (like Amazon JP) that mention 'むくみ' in their description. Write down what they are.

Origem da palavra

The word 'mukumi' is the nominalized form of the verb 'mukumu' (むくむ). The verb itself has been used since the Heian period to describe the swelling of the body.

Significado original: To swell, to become bloated with fluid.

Japonic / Old Japanese.

Contexto cultural

While 'mukumi' is a common topic, avoid telling someone else they look 'mukunde-iru' unless you are very close, as it implies they look puffy or tired.

In English, we often just say 'I'm bloated' or 'My legs are swollen,' but we don't have a massive beauty industry dedicated specifically to the word 'edema' like Japan does for 'mukumi.'

MediQttO (The most famous brand of 'mukumi' socks in Japan). ReFa (A luxury beauty roller brand often marketed for reducing facial mukumi). Kassa (A traditional scraping tool popular in Japan for 'mukumi' drainage).

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

At a drugstore

むくみに効く薬はありますか？
むくみ防止の靴下はどこですか？
顔のむくみを取りたいです。
一番人気のむくみサプリは何ですか？

At a massage parlor

足のむくみがひどいです。
むくみを流してください。
最近、よくむくむんです。
むくみが溜まっていると言われました。

At a clinic/hospital

朝、顔がむくみます。
足のむくみがなかなか引きません。
むくみは病気のサインですか？
むくみの原因を教えてください。

With friends (Beauty talk)

今日、顔むくんでない？
塩分摂りすぎるとむくむよね。
このローラー、むくみにいいよ。
昨日泣いたから目がむくんでる。

On a long flight

飛行機で足がむくんだ。
靴がきつくなった。
むくまないように歩こう。
着圧ソックスを履いてきた。

Iniciadores de conversa

"「最近、足のむくみが気になりませんか？」 (Do you worry about leg swelling lately?)"

"「むくみを解消するために、何かしていますか？」 (Do you do anything to resolve swelling?)"

"「お酒を飲んだ翌朝のむくみ、どうやって取っていますか？」 (How do you get rid of the morning swelling after drinking?)"

"「立ち仕事だと、どうしても足がむくみますよね。」 (If it's standing work, your legs inevitably swell, don't they?)"

"「このむくみ取りのソックス、すごくいいですよ。」 (These swelling-removal socks are really good.)"

Temas para diário

「今日は足のむくみがひどかった。原因は何だと思うか、日本語で書いてみよう。」 (Today the leg swelling was bad. Write in Japanese what you think the cause was.)

「むくみを解消するために試した方法とその効果について書いてみよう。」 (Write about a method you tried to resolve swelling and its effect.)

「日本と自分の国の『むくみ』に対する考え方の違いについて書いてみよう。」 (Write about the difference in thinking toward 'mukumi' between Japan and your country.)

「美容のために、むくみ対策として毎日していることはありますか？」 (Is there anything you do every day as a swelling countermeasure for beauty?)

「飛行機でのむくみ体験について日本語で説明してみよう。」 (Try to explain your experience with swelling on a plane in Japanese.)

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

'Mukumi' refers to fluid retention often caused by lifestyle (salt, standing). It is usually painless and systemic. 'Hare' refers to swelling from injury, infection, or inflammation, often with pain and redness. For example, use 'hare' for a bee sting and 'mukumi' for puffy morning eyes.

You can say 'Mukumi ga arimasu' (I have swelling) or use the verb 'Mukunde imasu' (I am swollen). To specify the part, say 'Ashi ga mukunde imasu' (My legs are swollen).

No, but it's often used as a euphemism for looking slightly heavier. Because 'mukumi' is temporary fluid, saying 'It's just mukumi' sounds better than saying 'I gained weight.' However, the two are physically different.

Common methods include wearing compression socks (着圧ソックス), massaging the lymph nodes, taking diuretic supplements, and eating potassium-rich foods like bananas or seaweed.

No, for a bump on the head from hitting it, use 'tankobu.' For general swelling from an injury, use 'hare.' 'Mukumi' is strictly for fluid in the tissues.

The kanji is 浮腫み, but it is rarely used in daily life. Most people write it in Hiragana (むくみ) to keep it sounding casual and easy to read.

Usually, it's just a temporary nuisance. However, chronic or severe 'mukumi' can be a sign of kidney, heart, or liver issues, so Japanese doctors do take it seriously if it doesn't go away.

Japanese beauty standards value a 'slim face' and 'slender legs.' Since swelling makes these areas look larger, products that remove 'mukumi' are marketed as essential beauty tools.

It can happen in both. In summer, humidity and salt intake from cold noodles can cause it. In winter, poor circulation due to the cold is a major factor.

It means 'prone to swelling.' People use this to describe their constitution, for example: 'Watashi wa mukumi-yasui taishitsu desu' (I have a constitution that swells easily).

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