When we describe someone as 고집스럽다 (gojip-seureopda), we mean they are stubborn or obstinate. It often implies a strong will and a reluctance to change their mind or behavior, even when it might be beneficial to do so. This word can be used in both slightly negative or neutral contexts, depending on the situation. For example, a child might be described as 고집스러운 if they refuse to eat their vegetables, or an artist might be called 고집스러운 if they stick to their unique style despite criticism. Understanding this nuance helps in grasping the full meaning of the word in various everyday conversations.
§ Understanding 고집스럽다
The Korean adjective 고집스럽다 (gojipsseureopda) means 'to be stubborn' or 'obstinate'. It describes someone who is unwilling to change their mind or attitude, even when faced with good reasons to do so. This word often carries a slightly negative connotation, implying that the stubbornness might be unreasonable or annoying.
You'll often hear this word used to describe people, but it can also be used to describe actions or traits that show stubbornness. It's a useful word to know when you want to talk about someone's strong will, particularly when that will is unyielding.
§ Basic Usage and Conjugation
Like all Korean adjectives, 고집스럽다 needs to be conjugated depending on the sentence structure and formality. Here are some common forms:
- Present Tense (Plain Form): 고집스럽다 (gojipsseureopda)
- Present Tense (Polite, declarative): 고집스러워요 (gojipsseureowoyo)
- Present Tense (Polite, interrogative): 고집스러워요? (gojipsseureowoyo?)
- Past Tense (Polite): 고집스러웠어요 (gojipsseureowosseoyo)
- Future Tense (Polite): 고집스러울 거예요 (gojipsseureoul geoyeyo)
- Attributive Form (modifying a noun): 고집스러운 (gojipsseureoun)
그는 정말 고집스러운 사람이에요. (He is a really stubborn person.)
§ Using 고집스럽다 in Sentences
Let's look at how to integrate 고집스럽다 into various sentence structures. You'll typically use it to describe a person or their characteristics.
- Describing a person directly
- This is the most common way to use 고집스럽다. You simply attach the conjugated form to the subject of the sentence.
저의 할아버지는 좀 고집스러우세요. (My grandfather is a bit stubborn.)
그녀는 자신이 옳다고 생각하면 고집스러워져요. (When she thinks she's right, she becomes stubborn.)
- Modifying a noun (attributive form)
- Use 고집스러운 before a noun to describe it, for example, a 'stubborn person' or 'stubborn attitude'.
고집스러운 태도는 때때로 문제를 일으켜요. (Stubborn attitudes sometimes cause problems.)
그 아이는 정말 고집스러운 면이 있어요. (That child has a really stubborn side.)
- Using with '하다' to form a verb phrase (less common for '고집스럽다' itself, but '고집을 부리다' is common)
- While '고집스럽다' is an adjective, you can express the act of being stubborn using '고집을 부리다' (gojibeul burida), which means 'to act stubbornly' or 'to insist stubbornly'. This verb phrase is very common.
그는 항상 자기 방식대로 고집을 부려요. (He always insists on his own way.)
§ Nuances and Related Expressions
While 고집스럽다 primarily means stubborn, it's good to understand some related terms and how the nuance can shift.
- 고집이 세다 (gojibi seda)
- This literally means 'to have strong stubbornness'. It's very similar to 고집스럽다 and often interchangeable. It emphasizes the strength of their stubbornness.
우리 아버지는 고집이 세서 아무도 못 말려요. (My father is so stubborn, no one can stop him.)
- 완고하다 (wangohada)
- This is a more formal and slightly stronger word for 'stubborn' or 'inflexible'. It implies a very firm and unyielding nature, often in opinions or principles.
그는 자신의 의견에 대해 매우 완고하다. (He is very inflexible about his opinions.)
Curiosidade
The word 고집 (gojip) itself is often used to describe someone's stubborn nature, even without the suffix.
Exemplos por nível
그는 정말 고집스러워요.
He is really stubborn.
아이는 고집스럽게 장난감을 놓지 않았어요.
The child stubbornly didn't let go of the toy.
고집스러운 태도는 좋지 않아요.
A stubborn attitude is not good.
제 친구는 가끔 고집스러워요.
My friend is sometimes stubborn.
고집스럽게 자기 의견만 말했어요.
He stubbornly only said his own opinion.
그는 고집스러운 사람이에요.
He is a stubborn person.
너무 고집스럽게 생각하지 마세요.
Don't think too stubbornly.
고집스러운 고양이가 침대에서 내려오지 않아요.
The stubborn cat won't come down from the bed.
그는 항상 자신의 의견을 고집스러웠어요.
He was always stubborn about his own opinion.
고집스러운 성격 때문에 친구가 별로 없어요.
Because of his stubborn personality, he doesn't have many friends.
아이들은 종종 고집스럽게 자기 뜻대로 하려고 해요.
Children often stubbornly try to do things their own way.
그녀는 목표를 향해 고집스럽게 나아갔습니다.
She stubbornly moved forward toward her goal.
너무 고집스러워서 설득하기가 힘들어요.
He's so stubborn that it's hard to persuade him.
고집스러운 자세로 일을 하면 좋은 결과를 얻기 어려울 수 있습니다.
If you work with a stubborn attitude, it can be difficult to get good results.
어머니는 제가 어렸을 때 고집스러웠다고 말씀하셨어요.
My mother said I was stubborn when I was young.
그의 고집스러운 행동은 모두를 지치게 만들었습니다.
His stubborn behavior made everyone tired.
Frequentemente confundido com
This noun means 'dogmatism' or 'bigotry', referring to an obstinate adherence to one's own opinions, often without considering others. It's a stronger, more negative form of stubbornness than '고집스러움'.
This noun specifically refers to single-minded stubbornness or obstinacy, often implying a person who is stubbornly set on one thing.
This is a noun meaning 'a stubborn person' or 'an obstinate person', referring to someone who is characterized by '고집스러움'.
Fácil de confundir
Both '고집스럽다' and '완고하다' describe stubbornness.
'고집스럽다' often implies a personal, sometimes childish, insistence on one's own way. '완고하다' suggests a more unyielding, firm, and perhaps principled stubbornness, often associated with beliefs or traditions.
그는 자신의 의견에 완고하다. (He is unyielding in his opinion.)
'옹고집' is a noun that literally means 'stubbornness' or 'obstinacy'.
'고집스럽다' is an adjective meaning 'to be stubborn'. '옹고집' is the noun form of this stubbornness. You could say someone 'has 옹고집' to describe a '고집스러운' person.
그녀는 옹고집이 세다. (She has strong stubbornness.)
Both can imply persistence, but with different connotations.
'고집스럽다' is about being resistant to change or unwilling to compromise. '집요하다' means tenacious or persistent, often in a negative sense of clinging to something or someone, or being annoyingly persistent.
그는 질문에 집요하게 매달렸다. (He persistently clung to the question.)
Both can describe someone who is firm, but with different moral implications.
'고집스럽다' is generally neutral to negative, focusing on a resistance to change. '강직하다' means upright, inflexible, or incorruptible, usually with positive connotations of strong moral character and integrity.
그는 강직한 성품을 가지고 있다. (He has an upright character.)
Both involve a degree of persistence.
'고집스럽다' is about being stubborn in one's own way or opinion. '끈질기다' means tenacious or persistent, often in the sense of enduring or not giving up on a task or goal, which can be positive or negative depending on the context.
그는 목표 달성을 위해 끈질기게 노력했다. (He persistently strived to achieve his goal.)
Família de palavras
Substantivos
Dicas
Remembering '고집스럽다'
Think of someone who 'goes deep' into their opinion and 'stays' there – 고집 (stubbornness) and 스럽다 (suffix indicating a characteristic).
Adjective ending
고집스럽다 is an adjective. Remember that adjectives in Korean usually end in -다 in their dictionary form, just like verbs.
Using in a sentence
You can say '그는 고집스러워요' (He is stubborn). The -어요 ending is common for politeness.
Describing a person
To describe a stubborn person, you can say '고집스러운 사람' (a stubborn person). Notice the -ㄴ ending for adjectives modifying nouns.
Negative connotation
고집스럽다 usually has a negative connotation, implying someone is unreasonably stubborn. It's not typically used for positive perseverance.
Synonyms
While 고집스럽다 is common, another related word is 완고하다 (to be rigid, obstinate), though 고집스럽다 is more frequently used in daily conversation for people.
Antonyms (opposite words)
The opposite might be 유연하다 (flexible) or 고분고분하다 (obedient, compliant).
When to use it
You'd use this to describe someone who doesn't change their mind easily, even when presented with new information. For example, '제 동생은 정말 고집스러워요.' (My younger sibling is really stubborn.)
Practice with examples
Try forming your own sentences. For instance, '그는 자기 의견만 고집스러워요.' (He is only stubborn about his own opinion.)
Nouns from adjectives
The noun form of '고집스럽다' is '고집스러움' (stubbornness, obstinacy), formed by adding -음. For example, '그의 고집스러움은 유명해요.' (His stubbornness is famous.)
Memorize
Mnemônico
고집스럽다 (go-jip-seu-reop-da) sounds a bit like 'go-chip-sirup-dah'. Imagine someone so stubborn they refuse to eat anything but 'go-chip-sirup' for every meal, despite it being unhealthy. Their 'go-chip-sirup-dah' habit makes them very stubborn.
Associação visual
Picture a '고' (go) shaped like a person's head, with '집' (jip) represented as a house firmly planted on top, and '스럽다' (seu-reop-da) as roots digging deep into the ground. This visual emphasizes the unmoving, rooted nature of someone stubborn or obstinate. The house on the head represents fixed ideas, and the deep roots show resistance to change.
Word Web
Desafio
Translate the following sentences into Korean, using '고집스럽다' where appropriate: 1. My younger brother is very stubborn. (내 남동생은 아주 __________.) 2. She stubbornly refused to change her mind. (그녀는 마음을 바꾸기를 __________ 거부했다.) 3. Don't be so stubborn and listen to others. (그렇게 __________ 말고 다른 사람들의 말을 들어라.)
Origem da palavra
고집 (gojip) + 스럽다 (-seureopda)
Significado original: 고집 means 'stubbornness' or 'insistence', and 스럽다 is a suffix that means 'to be like' or 'to have the quality of'.
KoreanContexto cultural
HTML <span>In Korean culture, being 고집스럽다 (gojip-seureopda) can be seen as both a negative and sometimes a positive trait. While excessive stubbornness can be viewed as inflexible, having a strong will and determination can also be admired, especially when pursuing a goal.</span>
Teste-se 12 perguntas
Imagine you have a friend who is very stubborn about their beliefs. Write a short paragraph in Korean describing this friend's personality and how their stubbornness affects your interactions. Use '고집스럽다' at least once.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
제 친구는 자신의 생각에 대해 정말 고집스러워요. 한 번 결정하면 절대 바꾸지 않아요. 가끔은 대화하기가 정말 어려울 때가 있습니다.
Describe a situation where someone's '고집스러운' attitude led to either a positive or negative outcome. Explain what happened and the result.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
어떤 프로젝트에서 팀원 한 명이 자신의 방식이 최고라고 고집스러웠습니다. 처음에는 모두가 반대했지만, 결국 그의 고집 덕분에 예상치 못한 좋은 결과가 나왔습니다. 하지만 가끔은 그 고집이 다른 사람들을 힘들게 하기도 했습니다.
Write a short dialogue between two people discussing a '고집스러운' person they both know. One person might be frustrated, while the other tries to offer a different perspective.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
A: 민수 씨는 정말 고집스러워요. 항상 자기 의견만 내세워요. B: 맞아요. 하지만 때로는 그런 고집이 목표 달성에 도움이 되기도 해요. 긍정적인 면도 있지 않을까요?
위 글에서 김대리의 '고집스럽다'는 태도가 가져온 결과로 언급되지 않은 것은 무엇입니까?
Read this passage:
김대리는 항상 자신의 업무 방식이 옳다고 고집스럽게 주장했다. 팀원들의 의견을 듣지 않고 독단적으로 일을 처리하는 경향이 있어 종종 갈등이 발생했다. 그러나 그의 고집 덕분에 어려운 문제들을 해결하기도 했고, 때로는 혁신적인 결과로 이어지기도 했다. 팀원들은 그의 고집스러운 태도에 대해 복잡한 감정을 가지고 있었다.
위 글에서 김대리의 '고집스럽다'는 태도가 가져온 결과로 언급되지 않은 것은 무엇입니까?
지문에서 김대리의 고집스러운 태도는 갈등을 유발하고, 어려운 문제를 해결하며, 혁신적인 결과를 가져온다고 언급되었습니다. 하지만 팀워크 향상에 대한 내용은 없습니다.
지문에서 김대리의 고집스러운 태도는 갈등을 유발하고, 어려운 문제를 해결하며, 혁신적인 결과를 가져온다고 언급되었습니다. 하지만 팀워크 향상에 대한 내용은 없습니다.
이 예술가의 '고집스럽다'는 태도가 가장 잘 드러나는 부분은 무엇입니까?
Read this passage:
오랫동안 한 가지 목표만을 향해 고집스럽게 노력해 온 한 예술가가 있었다. 그는 주변의 비판과 회의적인 시선에도 불구하고 자신의 신념을 굽히지 않았다. 결국 그의 고집은 그를 독특하고 인정받는 예술가로 만들었다. 그의 작품은 많은 사람들에게 영감을 주었지만, 개인적인 삶에서는 외로움을 느끼기도 했다.
이 예술가의 '고집스럽다'는 태도가 가장 잘 드러나는 부분은 무엇입니까?
지문에서 '자신의 신념을 굽히지 않았다'는 부분이 예술가의 고집스러운 태도를 가장 명확하게 보여줍니다. 다른 선택지들은 결과나 다른 측면을 나타냅니다.
지문에서 '자신의 신념을 굽히지 않았다'는 부분이 예술가의 고집스러운 태도를 가장 명확하게 보여줍니다. 다른 선택지들은 결과나 다른 측면을 나타냅니다.
화자가 부모님의 '고집스럽다'는 태도에 대해 가지고 있는 감정으로 가장 적절한 것은 무엇입니까?
Read this passage:
나이가 들수록 부모님은 예전보다 더 고집스러워지시는 것 같다. 특히 건강 문제에 있어서는 의사의 조언보다 자신의 경험을 더 중요하게 생각하시곤 한다. 아무리 설명해도 잘 이해하려 하지 않으셔서 답답할 때가 많다. 하지만 그만큼 삶에 대한 자신만의 확고한 철학이 있으신 것이라고 생각하기도 한다.
화자가 부모님의 '고집스럽다'는 태도에 대해 가지고 있는 감정으로 가장 적절한 것은 무엇입니까?
화자는 부모님이 '답답할 때가 많다'고 언급하며 좌절감을 표현하지만, 동시에 '그만큼 삶에 대한 자신만의 확고한 철학이 있으신 것이라고 생각하기도 한다'며 이해하려는 노력을 보이고 있습니다.
화자는 부모님이 '답답할 때가 많다'고 언급하며 좌절감을 표현하지만, 동시에 '그만큼 삶에 대한 자신만의 확고한 철학이 있으신 것이라고 생각하기도 한다'며 이해하려는 노력을 보이고 있습니다.
Choose the sentence where '고집스럽다' is used correctly.
'고집스럽게' means stubbornly, which fits the context of not changing one's opinion.
Which of the following is an antonym for '고집스럽다'?
'고집스럽다' means stubborn, so '유연하다' (flexible) is its direct opposite.
Complete the sentence appropriately: "그 아이는 장난감을 사달라고 ___ 울었다."
The child cried 'stubbornly' to get the toy, indicating persistent and unyielding behavior.
A person described as '고집스럽다' is likely to easily change their mind.
'고집스럽다' means stubborn, so a person with this trait is unlikely to easily change their mind.
You can use '고집스럽다' to describe a situation where someone is unwavering in their principles.
'고집스럽다' can indeed be used to describe someone who is steadfast and unyielding in their principles, though it often carries a negative connotation of being unreasoning.
It is always a negative trait to be '고집스럽다'.
While often used negatively, '고집스럽다' can sometimes describe positive persistence or strong convictions, depending on the context.
/ 12 correct
Perfect score!
Remembering '고집스럽다'
Think of someone who 'goes deep' into their opinion and 'stays' there – 고집 (stubbornness) and 스럽다 (suffix indicating a characteristic).
Adjective ending
고집스럽다 is an adjective. Remember that adjectives in Korean usually end in -다 in their dictionary form, just like verbs.
Using in a sentence
You can say '그는 고집스러워요' (He is stubborn). The -어요 ending is common for politeness.
Describing a person
To describe a stubborn person, you can say '고집스러운 사람' (a stubborn person). Notice the -ㄴ ending for adjectives modifying nouns.
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