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阿拉伯语
词汇
مَفْتُوح

A2 adjective #2,000 最常用 5分钟阅读

مَفْتُوح

maftooh 前2,000

开始练习例句笔记与提示 مَفْتُوح 30秒了解

解析 مَفْتُوح in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'maftūḥ' is primarily used to describe physical objects in the immediate environment. Students learn it alongside its opposite, 'mughlaq' (closed). It is used in simple sentences like 'The door is open' or 'The window is open'. The focus is on basic noun-adjective agreement and recognizing the word on shop signs. It helps learners navigate daily life by understanding if a place is ready for business.

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At the A2 level, the usage expands to include simple operational states and schedules. A student might say 'The library is open from 8 to 5'. They also begin to use the feminine form 'maftūḥah' correctly with feminine nouns like 'sharikah' (company) or 'ghurfah' (room). The concept of 'open' starts to apply to events, like 'the party is open to everyone'.

At the B1 level, 'maftūḥ' begins to take on more abstract and figurative meanings. Learners use it to describe personality traits, such as having an 'open mind' (عقل مفتوح). They also encounter it in more complex grammatical structures, such as using it as a 'ḥāl' (circumstantial adverb) or within relative clauses. They can discuss 'open discussions' or 'open-ended questions' in a classroom setting.

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At the B2 level, students use 'maftūḥ' in professional and academic contexts. They might discuss 'open markets' (أسواق مفتوحة) in economics or 'open-source software' in technology. The word is used to describe transparency in government or 'open sessions' in parliament. Learners are expected to understand the nuance between 'maftūḥ' and synonyms like 'mutāḥ' (available) or 'shāsi'' (vast).

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At the C1 level, the word is used in literary and philosophical contexts. It might describe an 'open text' that allows for multiple interpretations or a 'maftūḥ' psychological state in poetry. The learner understands the etymological depth of the root F-T-H and how 'maftūḥ' relates to concepts of divine revelation and victory. They can use the word with subtle rhetorical flair in essays.

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At the C2 level, mastery involves using 'maftūḥ' in highly specialized fields such as linguistics (referring to specific vowel sounds or syllable types), legal jargon (open contracts), or classical Arabic poetry where the word might carry archaic connotations. The speaker can play with the word's multiple layers of meaning to create puns or sophisticated metaphors.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

مَفْتُوح 30秒了解

Maftūḥ means 'open' in Arabic, used for physical objects like doors and windows.
It also indicates that a business or institution is currently operating and available.
Figuratively, it describes being receptive to ideas or having an open heart.
It is the passive participle of the root F-T-H and must agree in gender.

The word مَفْتُوح (maftūḥ) is the passive participle (ism maf'ūl) derived from the triliteral root f-t-ḥ (ف-ت-ح), which primarily denotes the act of opening, conquering, or revealing. In its most literal sense, it describes a physical object that is not closed, such as a door, a window, or a container. However, its semantic range extends far beyond the physical world into abstract concepts of accessibility, transparency, and intellectual receptivity.

Physical State: Refers to objects like doors (باب مفتوح) or windows (نافذة مفتوحة) that allow passage or air.
Operational Status: Indicates that a business, shop, or institution is currently providing services (المحل مفتوح).
Abstract Receptivity: Describes a person's mind or heart as being willing to accept new ideas or emotions (عقل مفتوح).

الباب مَفْتُوح للجميع، تفضلوا بالدخول.

Translation: The door is open for everyone; please come in.

In Arabic grammar, as a passive participle, it implies that the state of being 'open' was enacted upon the object. This differs slightly from the active sense. When we say a road is 'maftūḥ', we imply it has been cleared or made available for travel. In modern contexts, this word is used for 'Open Source' software (مصدر مفتوح), highlighting its role in contemporary technical vocabulary. The word also carries a sense of 'conquered' in historical texts, though 'maftūḥ' specifically focuses on the resulting state of openness rather than the act of conquest itself.

كان المحل مَفْتُوحًا طوال الليل.

Translation: The shop was open all night long.

هذا الكتاب مَفْتُوح على صفحة مهمة.

السماء مَفْتُوحَة والجو جميل.

المجال مَفْتُوح للنقاش الآن.

Etymology: Derived from the root F-T-H, which appears in the Quran frequently, often referring to divine openings or victories.

Using مَفْتُوح correctly requires an understanding of Arabic adjective-noun agreement and its placement in various sentence structures. As an adjective, it typically follows the noun it modifies and matches it in gender, number, and definiteness. For example, 'the open door' is 'الباب المفتوح' (al-bābu al-maftūḥ), where both words are masculine and definite.

Attributive Usage: When describing a noun directly: 'رأيت نافذة مفتوحة' (I saw an open window).
Predicative Usage: When acting as the news (khabar) in a nominal sentence: 'المطعم مفتوح' (The restaurant is open).

هل المحل مَفْتُوح اليوم؟

Is the shop open today?

Beyond physical objects, 'maftūḥ' is used in idiomatic expressions. 'بقلب مفتوح' (with an open heart) signifies sincerity and honesty. In academic or professional settings, 'باب التسجيل مفتوح' (the registration door is open) indicates that applications are being accepted. It is also used in culinary contexts, such as 'بوفيه مفتوح' (open buffet), a common term across the Arab world. When describing colors, particularly in dialects, it serves as a modifier for 'light' (e.g., أخضر مفتوح - light green), though 'fātiḥ' is more standard for this purpose.

تحدثنا بقلب مفتوح عن مشاكلنا.

Common Collocations: عقل مفتوح (Open mind), هواء مفتوح (Open air), جرح مفتوح (Open wound).

You will encounter مَفْتُوح in a wide variety of daily environments, from the bustling streets of Cairo to the corporate offices of Dubai. Its most frequent appearance is on signage. Shops will often have a sign saying 'مفتوح' (Open) or 'مغلق' (Closed). In transportation, you might hear an announcement in a metro station saying 'الأبواب ستظل مفتوحة' (The doors will remain open).

المتحف مَفْتُوح من التاسعة صباحاً.

In the media, journalists use 'maftūḥ' to describe political or social situations. A 'جلسة مفتوحة' (open session) refers to a meeting that the public or press can attend. In sports, an 'open' tournament is often translated using this term. In the digital age, 'البيانات المفتوحة' (Open Data) and 'البرمجيات المفتوحة' (Open Software) are ubiquitous terms in tech news and educational seminars.

Daily Life: Signs on shops, restaurant hours, and house descriptions.
Business/Tech: Open source, open accounts, and open-ended contracts.

Learners often make several key mistakes when using مَفْتُوح. The most frequent is the confusion between the adjective 'maftūḥ' and the active participle 'fātiḥ'. While both come from the same root, 'fātiḥ' usually means 'opener' or 'conqueror' (like the Sultan Muhammad al-Fatih) or is used to describe light colors in Modern Standard Arabic.

Gender Agreement: Forgetting to add the 'ta marbuta' (ة) for feminine nouns. Incorrect: 'النافذة مفتوح'. Correct: 'النافذة مفتوحة'.
Confusing with the Verb: Using the verb 'fataḥa' (to open) when the adjective 'maftūḥ' is required. 'The door opened' is 'فُتح الباب', but 'The door is open' is 'الباب مفتوح'.

While مَفْتُوح is the standard word for 'open', several other words share overlapping meanings or are used in specific contexts.

فَاتِح (Fātiḥ): Often used for light colors (e.g., light blue) or as a title for a conqueror. In some dialects, it can mean 'open' in a continuous sense.
شاسِع (Shāsi'): Means 'vast' or 'wide open' in terms of space, like a desert or a large hall.
مُتاح (Mutāḥ): Means 'available'. While an open door is 'maftūḥ', an available opportunity is 'mutāḥ'.

الفرق بين مفتوح ومتاح هو أن الأول يصف الحالة الفيزيائية والثاني يصف الإمكانية.

How Formal Is It?

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

Adjective-Noun Agreement

Passive Participle Formation

The Khabar in Nominal Sentences

Gender in Arabic

Definiteness (Al-)

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按水平分级的例句

الباب مفتوح.

The door is open.

Subject-predicate agreement (masculine).

النافذة مفتوحة.

The window is open.

Feminine agreement with 'ta marbuta'.

الكتاب مفتوح.

The book is open.

Basic adjective usage.

هل المحل مفتوح؟

Is the shop open?

Interrogative sentence.

البيت مفتوح لك.

The house is open for you.

Prepositional phrase 'lak' (for you).

الصندوق مفتوح.

The box is open.

Simple noun-adjective pair.

المطعم مفتوح الآن.

The restaurant is open now.

Adverb 'al-ān' (now).

الراديو مفتوح.

The radio is open (on).

Note: In some dialects, 'maftūḥ' means 'on'.

المكتبة مفتوحة كل يوم.

The library is open every day.

Frequency expression 'kulla yawm'.

الباب المفتوح كبير.

The open door is big.

Attributive adjective with 'al-'.

أريد غرفة بنوافذ مفتوحة.

I want a room with open windows.

Plural noun with adjective.

المتحف مفتوح للسياح.

The museum is open to tourists.

Preposition 'li-' (for/to).

هل البنك مفتوح يوم السبت؟

Is the bank open on Saturday?

Specific day of the week.

هذا الملف مفتوح.

This file is open.

Demonstrative 'hādha'.

الحديقة مفتوحة في الصباح.

The park is open in the morning.

Time phrase 'fi al-ṣabāḥ'.

الطريق مفتوح أمامنا.

The road is open before us.

Preposition 'amāma'.

يجب أن يكون عقلك مفتوحاً للأفكار الجديدة.

Your mind must be open to new ideas.

Figurative use of 'maftūḥ'.

نحن نعيش في فضاء مفتوح.

We live in an open space.

Abstract concept of space.

كان الاجتماع مفتوحاً للجمهور.

The meeting was open to the public.

Past tense with 'kāna'.

تحدثنا بصراحة وقلب مفتوح.

We spoke honestly and with an open heart.

Idiomatic expression.

هناك جرح مفتوح في يده.

There is an open wound on his hand.

Medical context.

المجال مفتوح للمنافسة.

The field is open for competition.

Metaphorical 'field'.

هذه المسألة لا تزال مفتوحة للنقاش.

This issue is still open for discussion.

Abstract issue.

أحب الجلوس في الهواء المفتوح.

I love sitting in the open air.

Fixed phrase 'al-hawā' al-maftūḥ'.

تعتمد الشركة على البرمجيات المفتوحة المصدر.

The company relies on open-source software.

Technical terminology.

تتبع الدولة سياسة الباب المفتوح.

The state follows an open-door policy.

Political idiom.

العقد مفتوح المدة.

The contract is open-ended.

Legal/Business context.

الأسواق المفتوحة تعزز الاقتصاد.

Open markets boost the economy.

Economic context.

نظمت الجامعة يوماً مفتوحاً للطلاب الجدد.

The university organized an open day for new students.

Event naming.

كانت الحدود مفتوحة بين البلدين.

The borders were open between the two countries.

Geopolitical context.

هذا السؤال مفتوح ولا توجد إجابة واحدة.

This is an open question and there is no single answer.

Logic/Philosophy.

قدمت عرضاً مفتوحاً لشراء المنزل.

I made an open offer to buy the house.

Financial offer.

تتسم الرواية بنهاية مفتوحة تترك القارئ في حيرة.

The novel is characterized by an open ending that leaves the reader in confusion.

Literary criticism.

يعتبر النص مفتوحاً على تأويلات متعددة.

The text is considered open to multiple interpretations.

Hermeneutics.

إنها شخصية مفتوحة على العالم بكل تناقضاته.

She is a personality open to the world with all its contradictions.

Character description.

يجب معالجة القضايا المفتوحة قبل توقيع الاتفاقية.

Outstanding (open) issues must be addressed before signing the agreement.

Diplomatic nuance.

كانت آفاق البحث مفتوحة أمام العلماء.

The horizons of research were open before the scientists.

Metaphorical horizons.

تجلت الحقيقة في رؤية مفتوحة على الغيب.

The truth manifested in a vision open to the unseen.

Spiritual/Philosophical.

النظام المفتوح يسمح بتبادل الطاقة مع البيئة.

An open system allows for the exchange of energy with the environment.

Thermodynamics/Physics.

بقي ملف القضية مفتوحاً لسنوات طويلة.

The case file remained open for many years.

Legal persistence.

استخدم الشاعر استعارات مفتوحة الدلالة.

The poet used metaphors with open-ended significance.

Advanced literary analysis.

تعد هذه المنطقة فضاءً مفتوحاً للسجالات الفلسفية.

This region is an open space for philosophical debates.

Intellectual history.

إن بنية القصيدة مفتوحة على احتمالات لسانية شتى.

The structure of the poem is open to various linguistic possibilities.

Linguistic theory.

لا يمكن حصر المعنى في نسق مفتوح كهذا.

Meaning cannot be confined within an open system like this.

Post-structuralist thought.

تظل الذاكرة مفتوحة على جراح الماضي.

Memory remains open to the wounds of the past.

Psychological metaphor.

الكون نظام مفتوح يتمدد باستمرار.

The universe is an open system that expands continuously.

Cosmology.

هذه الوثيقة مفتوحة للمراجعة التاريخية.

This document is open for historical revision.

Historiography.

اتسمت المفاوضات بمسارات مفتوحة وغير متوقعة.

The negotiations were characterized by open and unexpected paths.

Strategic analysis.

常见搭配

باب مفتوح

نافذة مفتوحة

عقل مفتوح

قلب مفتوح

هواء مفتوح

بوفيه مفتوح

مصدر مفتوح

جرح مفتوح

سوق مفتوحة

جلسة مفتوحة

常用短语

على مصراعيه

بكل صراحة

تحت السماء

في الهواء الطلق

باب التسجيل

نهاية مفتوحة

حساب مفتوح

خط مفتوح

نقاش مفتوح

دعوة مفتوحة

容易混淆的词

مَفْتُوح vs فَاتِح

مَفْتُوح vs مِفْتَاح

مَفْتُوح vs مُتَاح

习语与表达

"بقلب مفتوح"

"سياسة الباب المفتوح"

"على بياض"

"فتح صفحة جديدة"

"فتح الباب أمام"

"مفتوح الشهية"

"عينه مفتوحة"

"أذنه مفتوحة"

"مفتوح الذراعين"

"مفتوح الآفاق"

容易混淆

مَفْتُوح vs

句型

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如何使用

figurative depth

Can refer to a person who is 'open' or 'exposed' in a vulnerable way.

dialect variation

In some dialects, 'fatih' is used more for light colors than 'maftuh'.

常见错误

Using 'maftuh' for 'on' (electronics) in formal Arabic.
Forgetting gender agreement with feminine nouns.
Confusing 'maftuh' with 'miftah' (the tool used to open).
Using the active participle 'fatih' when describing a door.
Mispronouncing the final 'h' as a soft 'h' or ignoring it.

小贴士

Gender Match

Always match the gender. 'Al-Bab' is masculine, so 'maftuh'. 'Al-Ghurfa' is feminine, so 'maftuha'.

Signs

Look for this word on every shop door in Arab countries. It is the most common sign you will see.

Hospitality

Saying 'bayti maftuh lak' (my house is open to you) is a very high compliment and sign of friendship.

The Heavy H

Practice the 'ḥ' sound by breathing out hard as if you are fogging up a mirror.

Abstract Use

Use it to describe discussions or meetings that anyone can join.

Spelling

Don't forget the 'waw' (و) after the 'ta' (ت). It makes the long 'oo' sound.

Context

If you hear it in a restaurant, it usually refers to the buffet or the opening hours.

Politeness

When asking if a place is open, use a polite tone as it can also mean 'Are you ready?'

Root Link

Link it to 'Fatiha', the opening chapter of the Quran, to remember it means 'open'.

Open Heart

Use 'bi-qalbin maftuh' when you want to say you are being completely honest.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of a 'Map' (maf-) that is 'Too' (-tu-) 'Huge' (-h) to close. It stays open.

词源

Semitic root F-T-H

文化背景

The concept of 'Fath' (opening/victory) is central to Islamic history.

Open buffets are very popular in Gulf wedding celebrations.

Open doors symbolize welcoming guests.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"هل المطعم مفتوح الآن؟"

"متى يكون المتحف مفتوحاً؟"

"هل قلبك مفتوح للحب؟"

"ما رأيك في البرمجيات مفتوحة المصدر؟"

"هل الباب مفتوح أم مغلق؟"

日记主题

صف يوماً كانت فيه كل الأبواب مفتوحة أمامك.

لماذا من المهم أن يكون لدينا عقل مفتوح؟

ماذا تشعر عندما ترى نافذة مفتوحة في الصباح؟

اكتب عن مكان مفتوح تحب زيارته.

هل تفضل الأسئلة المفتوحة أم المغلقة؟

常见问题

10 个问题

Usually no. In standard Arabic, use 'muda'' or 'mushagh-ghal'. However, in some dialects like Lebanese, it might be used for the radio or TV.

You say 'Maṣdar Maftūḥ' (مصدر مفتوح).

Yes, 'shakhṣ maftūḥ' can mean someone who is open-minded or transparent, though 'mutafattiḥ' is more common for 'open-minded'.

The feminine form is 'maftūḥah' (مفتوحة).

While the root means conquest, 'maftūḥ' usually describes the state of being open. 'Maftūḥah' can describe a conquered city in historical texts.

Yes, 'Open Buffet' is 'Buffet Maftūḥ'.

The opposite is 'mughlaq' (مغلق) or 'muqfal' (مقفل).

Yes, 'nāfidhah maftūḥah' is the standard way to say open window.

Sometimes, but 'mutāḥ' is more precise for availability of services or items.

No, the 'ḥ' (ح) is a strong, breathy sound that must be pronounced.

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