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A1 noun 10分钟阅读

ono

开始练习例句笔记与提示 ono 30秒了解

解析 ono in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should focus on 'ono' as the basic word for 'it' when talking about neuter nouns like 'auto' (car) or 'dítě' (child). You will mostly see it in very simple sentences. The most important thing to learn is that 'ono' is only for neuter words. If you have a masculine word like 'čaj' (tea), you use 'on'. If you have a feminine word like 'káva' (coffee), you use 'ona'. At this stage, don't worry too much about all the different forms (ho, něm, ním). Just remember that 'ono' exists and is used for things that end in -o or -e/ě. You should also know that Czech people often don't say 'ono' at all. Instead of 'Ono je velké' (It is big), they just say 'Je velké'. This is because the verb 'je' (is) already tells us we are talking about one thing. Use 'ono' only when you want to be very clear about what you are talking about. You will also see 'to' a lot. At A1, you can use 'to' for almost everything when you are pointing at something, like 'To je auto'. But when you are already talking about the car and want to say 'It is fast', you can use 'ono' (or just the verb). This is a small but important step toward sounding more like a native speaker. Focus on identifying neuter nouns first, as that is the key to using 'ono' correctly.

At the A2 level, you need to start using the declined forms of 'ono'. The most common form you will use is 'ho' (it), which is the accusative case. For example, if you say 'Mám auto' (I have a car) and want to say 'I see it', you say 'Vidím ho'. Notice that 'ho' is the same for masculine and neuter nouns in the accusative. This makes it a bit easier! You should also learn the form 'něj' or 'něho' which is used after prepositions. For example, 'Dívám se na něj' (I am looking at it). At A2, you should be comfortable distinguishing between 'ono' (the pronoun) and 'to' (the demonstrative). Use 'to' for general statements like 'To je pravda' (That is true) and 'ono' (or its forms) when referring back to a specific neuter noun you just mentioned. You will also start hearing 'ono' in phrases about the weather or general situations, like 'Ono prší' (It's raining) or 'Ono to půjde' (It will work out). These are called 'dummy subjects'. Even though they aren't strictly necessary, using them makes your Czech sound much more natural and less like a textbook. Practice replacing neuter nouns with 'ho' in sentences like 'Koupil jsem jablko a snědl ho' (I bought an apple and ate it). This will help you build the habit of tracking grammatical gender throughout your sentences.

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By the B1 level, you should have a solid grasp of the full declension table for 'ono'. This includes forms like 'mu' (to it - dative), 'něm' (about it - locative), and 'ním' (with it - instrumental). For example, 'Mluvili jsme o něm' (We talked about it - referring to 'město' or 'auto'). You should also understand the difference between short forms (ho, mu) and long forms (něho, němu) used after prepositions. A key skill at B1 is placing these pronouns correctly in the sentence. Remember that short forms like 'ho' are clitics and usually go in the second position of the clause. You should also start noticing 'ono' used in idiomatic expressions and as a filler word in spoken Czech. For instance, 'Ono se to nezdá, ale...' (It doesn't seem like it, but...). Here, 'ono' adds a subtle emphasis or a conversational tone. You should also be aware of how 'ono' is used in more complex sentences involving relative clauses. Instead of repeating 'ono', you might use 'které'. For example, 'To je to dítě, o kterém jsem ti říkal' (That is the child about whom I told you). At this level, you should also be careful with the plural. Neuter nouns in the plural use 'ona' (they), which has its own set of endings. Mixing up singular 'ono' and plural 'ona' is a common B1 mistake. Keep practicing the connection between noun gender and pronoun choice to ensure your speech remains cohesive.

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At the B2 level, your use of 'ono' should be fluid and natural. You should be able to use it in complex grammatical structures, such as with the passive voice or in impersonal constructions. For example, 'Ono se o tom mluví' (It is being talked about). You should also be sensitive to the stylistic nuances of using 'ono'. In formal writing, 'ono' is used precisely to refer back to neuter nouns like 'vítězství' (victory) or 'opatření' (measure). In contrast, in informal speech, you might use 'ono' as a generic introductory word to soften a statement or to express a certain attitude. For example, 'Ono je to sice drahé, ale kvalitní' (It is indeed expensive, but high quality). You should also understand the use of 'ono' in literature, where it can be used for personification or to create a specific rhythm in a sentence. At B2, you should also be aware of regional variations. In some parts of Bohemia, 'ono' is used much more frequently as a filler than in Moravia. Being able to recognize these patterns will help your listening comprehension. You should also be proficient in using 'ono' with reflexive verbs, which is a common feature of natural Czech. For example, 'Ono se to samo neudělá' (It won't do itself). This level of mastery requires not just knowing the grammar, but feeling the 'weight' that 'ono' adds to a sentence.

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At the C1 level, you are expected to use 'ono' with the same nuance as a native speaker. This includes using it in sophisticated rhetorical structures and understanding its role in the 'topic-comment' structure of Czech sentences. You should be able to use 'ono' to subtly shift the focus of a conversation or to provide a specific emotional coloring to your speech. For example, using 'ono' to express irony, resignation, or surprise. In academic or professional writing, you will use the declined forms of 'ono' to maintain clarity when referring to complex neuter concepts like 'předsevzetí' (resolution) or 'kritérium' (criterion). You should also be familiar with archaic or highly formal uses of the pronoun that might appear in classical literature or legal documents. Your understanding of the 'n-' prefix after prepositions should be instinctive, and you should never make mistakes with clitic placement. Furthermore, you should be able to explain the difference between 'ono' and 'to' to lower-level learners, demonstrating a deep theoretical and practical understanding of Czech pronominal systems. At this level, 'ono' is no longer just a word for 'it'; it is a tool for precision and stylistic flair. You should also be able to navigate situations where the gender of a noun might be ambiguous or where 'ono' is used in a collective sense.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'ono' is complete. You can use it to achieve specific literary effects, such as creating a sense of distance or intimacy, or to mimic specific dialects for character development in writing. You understand the historical development of the pronoun and how it relates to other Slavic languages. You can effortlessly use 'ono' in the most complex philosophical or technical discussions, ensuring that your references are always clear and grammatically impeccable. You are also aware of the rarest forms and uses of the pronoun, including those found in older texts or specific regional jargons. In spontaneous conversation, your use of 'ono' as a filler or dummy subject is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker, used only when it serves a specific communicative purpose. You can appreciate the subtle difference in meaning that 'ono' brings to a sentence compared to its omission, and you can use this to your advantage in persuasion or public speaking. Essentially, 'ono' has become a natural part of your cognitive framework in Czech, allowing you to express the finest shades of meaning with total confidence and accuracy. You are also able to critique the use of pronouns in others' writing, identifying when 'ono' is used effectively and when it is redundant or stylistically inappropriate.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

ono 30秒了解

The Czech neuter pronoun for 'it'.
Used specifically for nouns ending in -o, -e, -ě, or -í.
Declined forms include 'ho', 'mu', 'něm', and 'ním'.
Often used as a conversational filler or dummy subject.

The Czech word ono is a third-person singular personal pronoun used to represent neuter nouns. In the English-speaking mind, the concept of 'it' seems straightforward, but in Czech, gender is the primary driver of pronoun selection. While English uses 'it' for almost everything that isn't human, Czech divides the world into masculine, feminine, and neuter categories. The pronoun ono specifically targets the neuter category, which includes words like město (city), auto (car), dítě (child), and okno (window). Understanding ono requires a shift in perspective: you aren't just referring to an object; you are referring to a grammatical entity that happens to be neuter.

Grammatical Function: It serves as the subject or object in a sentence when the noun it replaces is neuter. However, in the nominative case (as the subject), it is frequently omitted because the verb ending already indicates the person and number.
The 'To' vs 'Ono' Distinction: Beginners often confuse ono with to. While to is a demonstrative pronoun (this/that/it in a general sense), ono is a personal pronoun. If you are pointing at something, you use to. If you are continuing a sentence about a specific neuter noun previously mentioned, ono (or its declined forms) is technically the correct choice.

Kde je to auto? Ono tam není.

Where is that car? It (the car) is not there.

In everyday spoken Czech, you will hear ono used as a 'filler' or a dummy subject in certain regional dialects or specific idiomatic expressions. For example, 'Ono prší' (It is raining) is a common way to use the pronoun as a placeholder, much like the English 'it'. However, in formal writing, the pronoun is often dropped entirely unless needed for emphasis or clarity. The beauty of ono lies in its specificity. When a Czech speaker uses a form of ono, they are subtly reinforcing the gender of the noun they are discussing, creating a cohesive grammatical web that English lacks.

To dítě spí. Ono je velmi tiché.

The child is sleeping. It (the child) is very quiet.

Register Variation: In highly formal contexts, ono is strictly for neuter nouns. In informal speech, particularly in Bohemia, ono can sometimes be used as a generic subject regardless of the gender of the real-world referent, though this is considered non-standard.

Using ono correctly requires an understanding of the Czech case system. While the nominative form is ono, it changes significantly depending on its role in the sentence. For English speakers, this is the hardest part. You aren't just saying 'it'; you are saying 'of it', 'to it', or 'with it'. The forms for ono are identical to the masculine pronoun on in most cases, except for the nominative and accusative (when referring to inanimate objects).

The Accusative Case: When the neuter object is the direct object of a verb, we use ho or jej. For example, 'Vidím to město. Vidím ho.' (I see the city. I see it.) The short form ho is far more common in speech.
Prepositional Usage: When a preposition precedes the pronoun, the pronoun often gains a starting 'n'. For example, 'Jdu k němu' (I am going to it - e.g., to the window/okno). This 'n' is a crucial marker that follows a preposition.

Mám nové auto. Mluvím o něm pořád.

I have a new car. I talk about it all the time.

Another important aspect is the 'pro-drop' nature of Czech. In the sentence 'Ono je velké' (It is big), the word ono is often redundant. A Czech speaker would simply say 'Je velké'. You only include ono if you want to emphasize that *it* specifically is the thing that is big, or if you are contrasting it with something else. For example, 'Tohle je malé, ale ono je velké.' (This is small, but *that one* is big.)

To okno je špinavé. Musím ho umýt.

That window is dirty. I must wash it.

Dummy Subject Usage: In phrases like 'Ono se to nezdá' (It doesn't seem like it), ono acts as an impersonal subject. This is a more advanced usage that makes your Czech sound much more natural and native-like.

In the wild, ono is a bit of a chameleon. In textbooks, it's the neat and tidy neuter pronoun. In the streets of Prague or Brno, it's often a conversational lubricant. One of the most common places you'll hear ono is at the start of a sentence where it serves as a 'pre-subject' or a way to set the scene. For example, 'Ono to není tak jednoduché' (It isn't that simple). Here, ono adds a layer of nuance, suggesting a general state of affairs rather than referring to a specific neuter noun.

Dialectal Flavor: In Central Bohemian dialects, you'll hear ono used very frequently as a general 'it', even when 'to' might be more grammatically expected. It gives the speech a relaxed, slightly traditional feel. In contrast, in Moravia, the usage might be more strictly aligned with the grammatical gender of the noun.
Weather and Atmosphere: When describing the weather, Czechs often use impersonal verbs (e.g., 'Prší' - It is raining). However, to add emphasis or a certain 'feeling' to the statement, they might add ono: 'Ono prší!' (Hey, look, it's raining!). It acts almost like an exclamation of reality.

Ono se to nějak vyřeší.

It will somehow resolve itself (things will work out).

You will also encounter ono in literature and formal speeches when the author wants to maintain a high level of grammatical precision. If a poem is about moře (the sea), ono will be used to personify or refer back to the sea with a level of dignity that the generic to cannot provide. In news broadcasts, when discussing ministerstvo (a ministry) or zasedání (a meeting), the declined forms of ono (like něm or ho) will be used consistently to refer back to these neuter institutions.

Kde je to pivo? Ono už došlo.

Where is the beer? It (the beer) has already run out.

The most frequent mistake for English speakers is using ono for everything that isn't a person. In English, a table is 'it', a chair is 'it', and a window is 'it'. In Czech, a table (stůl) is 'he' (on), a chair (židle) is 'she' (ona), and only the window (okno) is 'it' (ono). If you call a chair ono, it sounds quite jarring to a native speaker, as if you are stripping the chair of its inherent grammatical identity.

Confusing 'Ono' with 'To': This is the 'Big Mistake'. To is used for pointing or general statements ('To je dobré'). Ono is for replacing a specific neuter noun. If you say 'Ono je dobré' without a previous neuter noun in the conversation, people will be confused about what 'it' refers to.
Incorrect Case Forms: Learners often forget to add the 'n' after prepositions. They might say 'k jemu' instead of 'k němu'. This is a tell-tale sign of a non-native speaker. Also, using ono in the accusative instead of ho is a very common error. You don't 'vidím ono', you 'vidím ho'.

Špatně: Vidím ono auto. Správně: Vidím to auto / Vidím ho.

Wrong: I see it car. Right: I see that car / I see it.

Another subtle mistake is overusing the pronoun in the nominative case. Because English requires a subject ('It is raining'), learners feel naked without a subject in Czech. However, saying 'Ono prší' every time sounds repetitive. Usually, the verb alone ('Prší') is sufficient. Use ono only when you want to emphasize or add a specific conversational flavor. Finally, remember that ono is only for singular neuter nouns. For plural neuter nouns (like okna - windows), you must use ona (they), which is a whole different set of forms.

Špatně: Koupil jsem pivo a vypil ono. Správně: Koupil jsem pivo a vypil ho.

Wrong: I bought a beer and drank 'it' (nominative). Right: I bought a beer and drank it (accusative).

To master ono, you must understand its relationship with other 'it-like' words in Czech. The primary competitor is to. While ono is a personal pronoun, to is a demonstrative pronoun. Think of to as 'that thing' and ono as 'the previously mentioned neuter thing'. In 90% of cases where an English speaker wants to say 'it', to is actually the safer and more common choice in spoken Czech, especially for abstract ideas or general objects.

Ono vs. To: Use to for 'That is true' (To je pravda). Use ono (or its forms) when referring back to a specific neuter noun like zvíře (animal): 'Vidíš to zvíře? Ono utíká!' (Do you see that animal? It is running!).
On and Ona: These are the masculine and feminine counterparts. Because most objects in Czech are masculine or feminine, you will actually use on and ona more often than ono to say 'it'. If you are talking about a cup (hrnek - masculine), 'it' is on. If it's a bag (taška - feminine), 'it' is ona.

Mám auto (neuter) -> Ono je rychlé.
Mám dům (masculine) -> On je velký.

Comparing neuter vs masculine 'it'.

Another alternative is the relative pronoun které (which). Often, instead of starting a new sentence with ono, Czechs will link ideas using a relative clause. For example, 'Koupil jsem auto, které je modré' (I bought a car, which is blue) instead of 'Koupil jsem auto. Ono je modré.' This makes the speech flow more naturally. Additionally, there's the word tamto (that one over there), used for physical distance, which is more specific than to or ono.

To je to stavení, o němž jsem mluvil.

That is the building (neuter) of which I spoke (using a relative pronoun instead of 'ono').

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

In Old Church Slavonic, the forms were more complex, and 'ono' was part of a three-way distance system: this (near me), that (near you), and 'ono' (over there).

发音指南

UK /ˈonɔ/

US /ˈoʊnoʊ/

Always on the first syllable: O-no.

押韵词

zvonilo koupilo svítilo pilo bylo milo hnilo šilo

常见错误

Pronouncing the 'o' like the English 'o' in 'go' (diphthong).
Making the first 'o' longer than the second.
Pronouncing it like 'ono' in Spanish (which is similar but with a different 'n' sound).
Adding a 'w' sound at the end.
Swallowing the final 'o' in fast speech.

难度评级

阅读 2/5

Easy to recognize in text, though declensions can be tricky.

写作 4/5

Difficult to remember all case forms and the 'n-' prefix.

口语 5/5

Hard to use instinctively without overusing it or confusing it with 'to'.

听力 3/5

Commonly heard as a filler, which can be confusing for learners.

接下来学什么

前置知识

on ona to auto město

接下来学习

ony oni všechno něco nic

高级

jenž týž tentýž oný veškerý

需要掌握的语法

Grammatical Gender Agreement

To auto (N) -> Ono je modré.

Clitic Position (Second Position)

Vidím ho. (Not 'Ho vidím.')

Prepositional 'n-' Prefix

O něm (Locative) vs Jeho (Genitive without preposition).

Pro-drop Subject

(Ono) Prší.

Inanimate Accusative Case

Vidím to město. Vidím ho.

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按水平分级的例句

Kde je to auto? Ono je v garáži.

Where is the car? It is in the garage.

'Ono' refers to the neuter noun 'auto'.

To dítě je malé. Ono spí.

That child is small. It (the child) is sleeping.

'Dítě' is a neuter noun, so we use 'ono'.

Mám nové kolo. Ono je červené.

I have a new bike. It is red.

'Kolo' (bike) is neuter.

To okno je otevřené. Ono je staré.

That window is open. It is old.

'Okno' is neuter.

Kde je to město? Ono je daleko.

Where is that city? It is far away.

'Město' is neuter.

To pivo je studené. Ono je dobré.

That beer is cold. It is good.

'Pivo' is neuter.

Moře je modré. Ono je krásné.

The sea is blue. It is beautiful.

'Moře' is neuter.

To kuře je na stole. Ono voní.

The chicken is on the table. It smells good.

'Kuře' is neuter.

Vidím to auto. Vidím ho.

I see the car. I see it.

'Ho' is the accusative form of 'ono'.

Mám to dítě rád. Mám ho rád.

I like that child. I like him/her/it.

'Ho' is used for the direct object.

Dívám se na to okno. Dívám se na něj.

I am looking at that window. I am looking at it.

'Něj' is used after the preposition 'na'.

To je to město. Bydlím v něm.

That is the city. I live in it.

'Něm' is the locative form after 'v'.

Koupil jsem pivo a vypil ho.

I bought a beer and drank it.

'Ho' replaces 'pivo'.

Ono prší, musíme jít domů.

It is raining, we must go home.

'Ono' as a dummy subject for weather.

To je moje štěně. Hraju si s ním.

That is my puppy. I am playing with it.

'Ním' is the instrumental form after 's'.

To jídlo je tady. Chceš ho?

The food is here. Do you want it?

'Ho' replaces 'jídlo'.

Ono se to nezdá, ale je to těžké.

It doesn't seem like it, but it's difficult.

'Ono' adds conversational emphasis here.

Mluvili jsme o tom dítěti. Mluvili jsme o něm.

We were talking about that child. We were talking about him/her/it.

Locative case 'něm' refers back to 'dítě'.

To auto je rozbité. Něco je s ním v nepořádku.

That car is broken. Something is wrong with it.

Instrumental case 'ním' refers to 'auto'.

Dal jsem tomu městu šanci.

I gave that city a chance.

Dative case 'tomu městu' could be replaced by 'mu'.

Ono to nějak dopadne, neboj se.

It will turn out somehow, don't worry.

Idiomatic use of 'ono' as a general subject.

To okno je vysoko. Nedosáhnu k němu.

That window is high. I can't reach it.

Dative case 'němu' after preposition 'k'.

Vidíš to zvíře? Ono se nás bojí.

Do you see that animal? It is afraid of us.

'Ono' refers to 'zvíře' (neuter).

To pivo je teplé, nepij ho.

That beer is warm, don't drink it.

Accusative 'ho' in a negative imperative.

Ono se řekne 'láska', ale je to práce.

It's easy to say 'love', but it's work.

Impersonal 'ono se řekne' is a common idiom.

To vítězství bylo nečekané. Hodně se o něm psalo.

That victory was unexpected. Much was written about it.

'Něm' refers to the neuter 'vítězství'.

Když vidím to dítě, hned je mi s ním lépe.

When I see that child, I immediately feel better with him/her/it.

Using 'ním' to maintain grammatical gender.

Ono to sice trvalo, ale nakonec jsme to stihli.

It did take a while, but we made it in the end.

'Ono' as a concessive filler.

To ministerstvo vydalo prohlášení. Co si o něm myslíš?

That ministry issued a statement. What do you think about it?

'Něm' refers to 'ministerstvo'.

To stavení vypadá opuštěně. Půjdeme k němu?

That building looks abandoned. Shall we go to it?

'Stavení' is a neuter noun ending in -í.

Ono se to samo neopraví.

It won't fix itself.

Reflexive construction with 'ono'.

Hledám to správné slovo, ale nemůžu ho najít.

I am looking for the right word, but I can't find it.

'Ho' refers to 'slovo' (neuter).

Ono se sice traduje, že je to pravda, ale důkazy chybí.

It is indeed rumored to be true, but evidence is lacking.

Sophisticated use of 'ono se traduje'.

To opatření je kontroverzní a mnoho lidí proti němu protestuje.

That measure is controversial and many people are protesting against it.

'Němu' refers to 'opatření' (neuter).

Ať je to jak chce, ono se to nakonec vyvrbí.

Be that as it may, it will eventually work itself out.

Using 'ono' in a resigned, philosophical tone.

To kritérium je přísné. Musíme se jím řídit.

That criterion is strict. We must abide by it.

Instrumental 'jím' refers to 'kritérium'.

Ono to není jen tak, změnit celý systém.

It's not just like that, changing the whole system.

Idiomatic 'není jen tak' with 'ono'.

To drama mě oslovilo. Dlouho jsem o něm přemýšlel.

That drama spoke to me. I thought about it for a long time.

'Drama' is a neuter noun of Greek origin.

Ono se to lehko řekne, ale hůř udělá.

It's easily said, but harder to do.

Classic Czech proverb structure.

To neštěstí nás zasáhlo. Pořád se z něho vzpamatováváme.

That misfortune hit us. We are still recovering from it.

'Něho' (genitive) refers to 'neštěstí'.

Ono se to s tím liberalismem má poněkud jinak, než se obecně soudí.

The situation with liberalism is somewhat different than is generally thought.

Highly nuanced introductory 'ono se to má'.

To specifikum české krajiny je nezaměnitelné; právě v něm tkví její kouzlo.

The specificity of the Czech landscape is unmistakable; its charm lies precisely in it.

Formal reference to 'specifikum' (neuter).

Ono to vskutku není věcí náhody, nýbrž výsledkem cíleného úsilí.

It truly is not a matter of chance, but the result of targeted effort.

Using 'ono' for rhetorical emphasis.

To paradigma se vyčerpalo a my se od něho musíme distancovat.

That paradigm has exhausted itself and we must distance ourselves from it.

'Něho' refers to 'paradigma' (neuter).

Ono se to sice nabízí jako řešení, ale důsledky by byly fatální.

It does present itself as a solution, but the consequences would be fatal.

Concessive 'ono' in a complex logical argument.

To fluidum, které ji obklopuje, je fascinující; nelze ho ignorovat.

The aura that surrounds her is fascinating; it cannot be ignored.

'Ho' refers to 'fluidum' (neuter).

Ono to tak v životě chodí, že nic netrvá věčně.

That's how it goes in life, that nothing lasts forever.

Philosophical 'ono' describing the nature of life.

To penzum práce, které musel vykonat, bylo nadlidské; nakonec ho však zdolal.

The amount of work he had to perform was superhuman; in the end, however, he conquered it.

'Ho' refers to 'penzum' (neuter).

常见搭配

ono se to

ono prší

ono se řekne

ono to jde

mluvit o něm

pracovat s ním

jít k němu

vidět ho

ono to pálí

ono to nevadí

常用短语

Ono se to nezdá.

— It doesn't seem like much, or it's deceptive.

Ono se to nezdá, ale je to drahé.

Ono to nějak dopadne.

— Things will work out one way or another.

Neboj se, ono to nějak dopadne.

Ono to pálí.

— It's hot (touch or taste).

Nešahej na to, ono to pálí!

Ono to funguje.

— It actually works.

Zkus to znovu, ono to funguje.

Ono to stačí.

— It is enough.

Už nic nepřidávej, ono to stačí.

Ono to bolí.

— It hurts.

Netlač na to, ono to bolí.

Ono to voní.

— It smells good.

Pojď do kuchyně, ono to voní.

Ono to neuteče.

— It won't run away (there's no rush).

V klidu, ono to neuteče.

Ono to stojí za to.

— It is worth it.

Je to drahé, ale ono to stojí za to.

Ono to smrdí.

— It stinks.

Vynes ten koš, ono to smrdí.

容易混淆的词

ono vs to

A demonstrative pronoun used for pointing, whereas 'ono' is a personal pronoun.

ono vs on

The masculine pronoun. Used for masculine objects like 'stůl'.

ono vs ona

The feminine pronoun. Used for feminine objects like 'židle'.

习语与表达

"Ono se to lehko řekne."

— Easier said than done.

Ono se to lehko řekne, ale hůř udělá.

informal

"Ono se to poddá."

— It will eventually settle or work out.

Teď je to těžké, ale ono se to poddá.

informal

"Ono to není jen tak."

— It's not that simple or easy.

Postavit dům, ono to není jen tak.

neutral

"Ono se to nepo*ere."

— It won't go wrong (vulgar way of saying don't worry).

Klid, ono se to nepo*ere.

slang

"Ono to má svůj háček."

— There's a catch to it.

Ta nabídka je skvělá, ale ono to má svůj háček.

neutral

"Ono to k něčemu bude."

— It will be useful for something.

Nevyhazuj to, ono to k něčemu bude.

neutral

"Ono to bije do očí."

— It is very obvious or striking.

Ta chyba, ono to bije do očí.

informal

"Ono to mluví samo za sebe."

— It speaks for itself.

Jeho chování, ono to mluví samo za sebe.

neutral

"Ono to visí ve vzduchu."

— It's in the air (about to happen).

Změna se blíží, ono to visí ve vzduchu.

neutral

"Ono to nese ovoce."

— It is bearing fruit (getting results).

Naše snaha, ono to nese ovoce.

neutral

容易混淆

ono vs to

Both translate as 'it' in English.

'To' is demonstrative (pointing), 'ono' is personal (referring back).

To je auto. Ono je rychlé.

ono vs ho

It's the form of both 'on' and 'ono'.

Context determines if it refers to a masculine or neuter noun.

Vidím ho (muže i auto).

ono vs ona

It means 'she' but also 'they' (neuter plural).

Context and verb endings distinguish singular feminine from plural neuter.

Ona (žena) spí. / Ta okna, ona jsou stará.

ono vs jej

Formal version of 'ho'.

'Ho' is for speech, 'jej' is for formal writing.

Spatřil jej v dálce.

ono vs něj

Used only after prepositions.

You cannot use 'ho' after a preposition.

Na něj (Correct) vs Na ho (Wrong).

句型

Ono je + adjective.

Ono je velké.

Verb + ho.

Mám ho.

Preposition + něm/ním.

Mluvím o něm.

Ono se + verb + to.

Ono se to vyřeší.

Ono se sice + verb...

Ono se sice říká...

V němž/jímž (Relative)

Město, v němž bydlím.

To je + noun. Ono je...

To je kolo. Ono je nové.

Na + něj.

Dívám se na něj.

词族

名词

ono (the word itself as a pronoun)

如何使用

frequency

Extremely high, especially in its declined forms.

常见错误

Using 'ono' for masculine nouns. → Use 'on'.
If you are talking about a 'stůl' (table), you must use 'on', even though it is an 'it' in English.
Using 'ono' after a preposition. → Use 'něj' or 'něho'.
Prepositions trigger the 'n-' prefix. You say 'pro něj', not 'pro ono'.
Starting a sentence with 'ho'. → Place 'ho' in the second position.
'Ho' is a clitic and cannot be the first word. Say 'Vidím ho', not 'Ho vidím'.
Confusing 'ono' (singular) with 'ona' (plural). → Use 'ona' for plural neuter nouns.
One window is 'ono', but two windows are 'ona'.
Using 'ono' for adults. → Use 'on' or 'ona'.
Unless you are using a specific neuter noun like 'dítě', referring to an adult as 'ono' is offensive.

小贴士

The 'n-' Rule

Always remember that the pronoun 'ono' (and 'on') adds an 'n' at the beginning when it follows a preposition. So it's 'něho', 'němu', 'něm', 'ním'.

Natural Fillers

To sound more like a native, use 'ono' to start a sentence when you are about to state a fact or a situation: 'Ono to není tak lehké...'

Gender Check

Before using 'ono', double-check that your noun ends in -o, -e, -ě, or -í. These are the markers of neuter nouns.

Formal Writing

In formal essays, use the pronoun 'jej' for the accusative instead of 'ho' to elevate your style.

Listen for 'Ho'

In movies and conversations, you will hear 'ho' constantly. Try to identify which neuter noun it is replacing.

Childhood Neuter

Embrace the fact that children are neuter in Czech. It's a grammatical quirk that is deeply embedded in the culture.

The 'To' Safety Net

If you forget the declension of 'ono', you can sometimes use 'to' as a demonstrative, but try to learn the proper forms for better fluency.

Rhyme Time

Remember: 'Ono' for the 'Auto' and 'Okno'. The matching 'o' endings are your best friend.

Relative Clauses

Practice using 'které' instead of 'ono' to link sentences and make your Czech sound more sophisticated.

Don't Overthink

Most of the time, the verb ending is enough. Don't feel like you *must* say 'ono' every time you mean 'it'.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'O-N-O'. It's round like an 'O', just like a neuter 'Auto' or 'Okno'.

视觉联想

Imagine a big, round, neutral-colored circle (neuter) with the word 'ONO' written inside it.

Word Web

auto okno město dítě pivo moře kolo kuře

挑战

Try to find 5 neuter nouns in your room and say a sentence about each using 'ono' or 'ho'.

词源

Derived from the Proto-Indo-European demonstrative root *eno- / *ono-.

原始含义： That one (pointing at something distant).

Slavic (West Slavic group).

文化背景

Be careful when referring to people as 'ono' (except for 'dítě') as it can be offensive if used to imply someone is 'it' rather than a person.

English speakers often struggle because 'it' is used for all objects, while Czech requires splitting 'it' into three genders.

The phrase 'Ono to nějak dopadne' is a common Czech mantra of pragmatic optimism. In Karel Čapek's works, neuter pronouns are used precisely for robots and scientific concepts. Czech folk songs often use 'ono' to refer to 'pivo' (beer) or 'víno' (wine).

在生活中练习

真实语境

Talking about a child

Ono spí.
Mám ho rád.
Hraju si s ním.
Jdu k němu.

Talking about a car

Ono je rychlé.
Koupil jsem ho.
Jedu v něm.
Mluvím o něm.

General situation

Ono se to nezdá.
Ono to půjde.
Ono se to vyřeší.
Ono to nevadí.

Weather

Ono prší.
Ono sněží.
Ono fouká.
Ono je hezky.

Referring to a city

Ono je velké.
Bydlím v něm.
Jedu do něho.
Líbí se mi v něm.

对话开场白

"Ono se to nezdá, ale dneska je docela zima, že?"

"Viděl jsi to nové auto? Ono vypadá skvěle."

"Ono to dítě v letadle hrozně plakalo, viď?"

"Ono se to lehko řekne, ale jak to chceš udělat?"

"Ono to pivo tady není moc dobré, co myslíš?"

日记主题

Popiš svoje oblíbené město a použij zájmeno 'ono' nebo jeho tvary alespoň pětkrát.

Napiš o svém dětství. Používej slovo 'dítě' a odkazuj na něj pomocí 'ono'.

Zamysli se nad frází 'Ono to nějak dopadne'. Co pro tebe znamená v těžkých chvílích?

Popiš proces opravy nějaké věci (např. kola) a používej zájmeno 'ho' pro odkazování.

Napiš krátký příběh o zvířeti (neuter, např. 'štěně') a jeho dobrodružství.

常见问题

10 个问题

Use 'to' when you are introducing something or making a general statement ('To je hezké'). Use 'ono' when you are referring back to a specific neuter noun you already mentioned ('Mám auto. Ono je hezké'). In many spoken cases, 'to' is used more often, but 'ono' is grammatically precise for neuter nouns.

Yes, in standard Czech, 'ono' is exclusively the third-person singular neuter pronoun. However, in some dialects, it can be used as a general filler word at the start of a sentence regardless of the actual subject's gender.

'Ho' is the accusative and genitive case form of 'ono'. You use 'ono' as the subject (nominative) and 'ho' as the object. For example: 'Ono je tady' (It is here) vs 'Vidím ho' (I see it).

Only if the noun used for the person is neuter, like 'dítě' (child) or 'miminko' (baby). Otherwise, use 'on' (he) or 'ona' (she). Using 'ono' for an adult is generally incorrect and can be rude.

The plural of 'ono' is 'ona' (they). This can be confusing because 'ona' also means 'she' in the singular. You can tell the difference by the verb ending: 'ona spí' (she sleeps) vs 'ta okna, ona jsou' (the windows, they are).

Yes, it is often used as a dummy subject in phrases like 'Ono prší' (It is raining), although simply saying 'Prší' is also correct and very common.

'Něm' is the locative form of 'ono' used after prepositions like 'o' (about) or 'v' (in). For example, 'o něm' means 'about it'.

No. 'Ho' is a clitic, meaning it must always be in the second position in a sentence or clause. You would say 'Vidím ho', never 'Ho vidím'.

Both mean 'it' in the accusative case. 'Ho' is the standard informal and neutral form, while 'jej' is more formal and used primarily in writing.

For neuter nouns, the forms are mostly the same for living and non-living things, unlike the masculine gender where there is a big difference between animate and inanimate forms.

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