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B1 adjective 9分钟阅读

dienstlich

例句 dienstlich 30秒了解
解析 dienstlich in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to understand that 'dienstlich' means 'for work'. You might hear it at a hotel or an airport. Imagine you are at a hotel in Germany. The receptionist might ask: 'Sind Sie privat oder dienstlich hier?' (Are you here for pleasure or for work?). You can simply answer: 'Dienstlich.' This tells them that your company is paying or that you need a specific type of receipt for your taxes. At this stage, don't worry about the complex grammar endings. Just remember the word as a way to say 'I'm here for my job.' It is a very useful word for anyone traveling to Germany for a meeting. You can also use it to explain why you are busy: 'Ich bin dienstlich in Berlin.' (I am in Berlin for work.) This is a simple, clear sentence that everyone will understand. It sounds much more 'German' than saying 'Ich arbeite in Berlin,' which means you live and work there permanently. 'Dienstlich' implies you are there on a mission. Even at A1, using this word shows you understand a bit about how German society separates work and life.
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At the A2 level, you start to see 'dienstlich' used as an adverb to describe actions. You can say things like 'Ich telefoniere dienstlich' (I am making a work call) or 'Er verreist dienstlich' (He is traveling for work). You are beginning to distinguish between 'dienstlich' and 'privat'. For example, if you have a company phone, you might say: 'Das ist mein dienstliches Handy.' Notice the '-es' ending because 'Handy' is neuter (das Handy). You should also know the common phrase 'dienstlich verhindert sein' (to be busy with work). If a friend asks you to go to the cinema, but you have a meeting, you can say: 'Tut mir leid, ich bin heute Abend dienstlich verhindert.' This is a very polite and professional way to say no. It sounds better than 'Ich muss arbeiten' because it suggests a specific duty is keeping you away. You might also see this word on forms. If you fill out a travel expense report, you will see a column for 'dienstliche Fahrten' (work-related trips). At A2, you should be able to identify these contexts and use the word in basic sentences about your workday.
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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'dienstlich' in both its adverbial and adjectival forms with correct endings. You understand that 'dienstlich' is the standard word for 'official' or 'business-related' within the context of an organization. You can now use it in more complex sentences: 'Aus dienstlichen Gründen kann ich die Information nicht weitergeben' (For official reasons, I cannot pass on the information). You also start to see the word in compound nouns like 'Dienstreise' (business trip) or 'Dienstwagen' (company car), although 'dienstlich' itself remains a key adjective. You should be able to explain the difference between 'dienstlich' and 'geschäftlich'—the former being more about duty and internal procedures, the latter more about external business deals. In a B1 conversation, you might discuss the 'Trennung von Privatem und Dienstlichem' (separation of private and work matters), which is a common topic in German workplace culture. You are also expected to know that 'dienstlich' is used by the police and military. If you read a news report about a police officer, it might say: 'Der Polizist war dienstlich unterwegs' (The officer was on duty/on an official mission).
At the B2 level, you should use 'dienstlich' to navigate professional environments with nuance. You understand its role in bureaucratic structures. For instance, you know the phrase 'auf dem Dienstweg' (through official channels) and can use it in a sentence like: 'Beschwerden müssen auf dem Dienstweg eingereicht werden.' You also understand the legal implications of the word. A 'dienstliche Anweisung' is a formal instruction from a boss that you are legally/contractually obligated to follow. You can discuss the ethics of using 'dienstliche Ressourcen' (work resources) for personal use. Your vocabulary includes related terms like 'Dienstgeheimnis' (official secret) and 'Dienstpflicht' (official duty). At this level, you can also use the word in the passive voice or with modal verbs to express complex workplace scenarios: 'Es muss geklärt werden, ob die Fahrt als dienstlich anerkannt wird' (It must be clarified whether the trip is recognized as work-related). You are also aware of the formal tone 'dienstlich' sets. In a formal letter, you might write: 'In meiner dienstlichen Eigenschaft als Abteilungsleiter...' (In my official capacity as department head...).
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At the C1 level, you have a sophisticated grasp of 'dienstlich' and its place in the German 'Verwaltungssprache' (administrative language). You can use it to discuss abstract concepts like 'dienstliche Notwendigkeit' (official necessity) or 'dienstliches Interesse' (official interest). For example: 'An der Fortbildung besteht ein erhebliches dienstliches Interesse' (There is a significant official interest in the further training). You understand the subtle difference between 'dienstlich' and 'amtlich' in legal texts. You can read and write formal reports where 'dienstliche Belange' (official concerns) are weighed against personal ones. You are also familiar with the historical and cultural weight of the word 'Dienst' in Germany, which influences how 'dienstlich' is perceived—as something serious, binding, and beyond personal whim. You can use the word in rhetorical contexts: 'War das wirklich ein dienstlicher Besuch, oder eher ein privates Vergnügen?' (Was that really an official visit, or rather a private pleasure?). Your mastery of adjective endings and complex sentence structures allows you to integrate 'dienstlich' seamlessly into high-level professional discourse, whether in law, politics, or senior management.
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At the C2 level, 'dienstlich' is a tool you use with precision and stylistic flair. You can analyze the use of the word in literature or legal documents to determine the exact level of authority being exercised. You might encounter it in archaic or highly formal contexts, such as 'Dienstobliegenheiten' (official obligations). You can navigate the most complex bureaucratic situations, such as 'dienstrechtliche Konsequenzen' (consequences under civil service law). You understand how 'dienstlich' functions in the 'Beamtendeutsch' (bureaucratic German) and can even parody it if necessary. You can write comprehensive policies regarding 'dienstliche Nutzung von Social Media' (official use of social media) or 'dienstliche Verschwiegenheit' (official confidentiality). For a C2 speaker, 'dienstlich' is not just a vocabulary word but a marker of a specific social and professional sphere. You can debate the changing nature of what is considered 'dienstlich' in the age of home offices and 'Work-Life-Blending,' using the word to define the boundaries of modern professional life with absolute linguistic accuracy and cultural sensitivity.
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例句

dienstlich 30秒了解

  • Dienstlich means 'official' or 'work-related'. It is used to describe tasks, trips, or items that belong to your professional life rather than your private life.
  • It is very common in German culture because of the strict separation between 'privat' (private) and 'dienstlich' (professional/duty-bound).
  • You use it as an adverb (Ich reise dienstlich) or an adjective (meine dienstliche Adresse). It is essential for office and government contexts.
  • Compared to 'geschäftlich' (business-related), 'dienstlich' sounds more formal and is the preferred term for public service, police, and military.

The German adjective and adverb dienstlich is a cornerstone of professional communication in German-speaking cultures. At its core, it translates to 'official,' 'business-related,' or 'for work purposes.' While English speakers might use 'work-related' or 'for business' interchangeably, dienstlich carries a specific weight of formality and duty. It is derived from the noun der Dienst (the service or duty), which immediately signals that the activity in question is part of one's formal obligations rather than a personal choice or a casual career move. Understanding this word is essential for navigating German office culture, government interactions, and legal contexts.

The Professional Boundary
In Germany, the line between 'privat' (private) and 'dienstlich' (professional/official) is often strictly maintained. If you are traveling dienstlich, your expenses are covered by your employer, and your time is strictly accounted for. This distinction is vital for tax purposes, insurance coverage, and workplace etiquette.
Official Capacity
When a police officer or a government official acts, they do so dienstlich. This implies they are acting within the scope of their legal authority. If an official contacts you dienstlich, it is not a personal chat; it is a formal matter of the state or organization.

Ich muss nächste Woche dienstlich nach Berlin reisen, um an einer Konferenz teilzunehmen.

The usage of dienstlich extends beyond simple travel. It applies to phone calls (ein dienstliches Telefonat), emails (dienstliche E-Mails), and even secrets (Dienstgeheimnisse). It is the opposite of privat. If you are using a company car, the logbook will often ask you to categorize your trips as either 'dienstlich' or 'privat'. Mixing the two without permission can lead to serious legal and employment consequences in Germany, highlighting the cultural importance of this word.

Bitte nutzen Sie das Internet während der Arbeitszeit nur für dienstliche Zwecke.

Contextual Nuance
While 'geschäftlich' is often used in the private sector for business deals, 'dienstlich' is the preferred term in the public sector (civil servants, military, police) and for internal administrative matters in large corporations. It suggests a sense of 'being on duty'.

Furthermore, the word appears in the common phrase auf dem Dienstweg, which means 'through official channels'. In the hierarchical structure of German organizations, following the Dienstweg is often mandatory. You don't just jump to the CEO; you move dienstlich through your immediate superiors. This reflects the structured, rule-oriented nature of many German workplaces where 'dienstlich' isn't just a description but a mode of operation.

Der Beamte war dienstlich dazu verpflichtet, den Vorfall zu melden.

Using dienstlich correctly requires an understanding of German adjective endings and its adverbial function. When used as an adverb, it remains undeclined and usually follows the verb or the subject. When used as an adjective, it must agree with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case. This word is most frequently paired with verbs of movement, communication, and obligation.

As an Adverb (Undeclined)
When you want to describe *how* or *why* you are doing something, use dienstlich as an adverb. It doesn't change its form. For example: 'Er ist dienstlich verreist' (He has traveled for work). Here, dienstlich modifies the state of being away.
As an Adjective (Declined)
When modifying a noun, it takes endings. 'Meine dienstlichen Aufgaben' (My work-related tasks - plural nominative). 'Wegen einer dienstlichen Angelegenheit' (Because of an official matter - feminine dative after 'wegen').

Können wir das dienstlich regeln, oder ist das eine private Bitte?

In formal writing, dienstlich is often used to justify actions. A sentence like 'Aus dienstlichen Gründen war seine Anwesenheit erforderlich' (For official reasons, his presence was required) is a standard way to explain professional requirements. It sounds more formal and 'correct' in a bureaucratic context than saying 'wegen der Arbeit'.

Haben Sie ein dienstliches Interesse an diesen Akten?

Common Verb Pairings
- verreisen: To travel for work.
- nutzen: To use (e.g., a car) for work.
- telefonieren: To be on a work call.
- verhindert sein: To be tied up with work.

When talking about expenses, you will frequently encounter the term dienstliche Auslagen. These are costs incurred while on duty that the employer must reimburse. If you buy a train ticket for a meeting, that is a dienstliche Ausgabe. If you buy a sandwich for lunch while at the office, that is usually privat. This distinction is the bedrock of German financial accounting in business.

Er nutzt sein privates Handy auch dienstlich, was oft zu Problemen führt.

You will encounter dienstlich in any environment where professionalism and rules are paramount. It is not a word for a casual chat over beer, but rather for the 9-to-5 (or 8-to-4) world of German bureaucracy and corporate life. If you work in Germany, you will hear it daily. If you are a tourist, you might hear it if you interact with the police or railway officials.

In the Office (Das Büro)
Colleagues will use it to explain their absence. 'Frau Müller ist heute dienstlich in München.' This sounds much more professional than saying she's just 'at work' in Munich. It implies she is there on a specific mission for the company.
Public Service (Öffentlicher Dienst)
For 'Beamte' (civil servants), nearly everything is dienstlich. Their emails, their hierarchy (Dienstweg), and even their housing (Dienstwohnung) are defined by this word. It carries the weight of the state.

Sind Sie dienstlich hier, oder besuchen Sie Freunde?

At hotels or airports, staff might ask you if your stay is dienstlich or privat. This is often because of the 'Bettensteuer' (city tax) in some German cities, which business travelers are sometimes exempt from. Being able to answer 'Ich bin dienstlich hier' can literally save you money and change how your invoice is formatted.

Das ist eine dienstliche Anweisung meines Vorgesetzten.

Legal and Police Contexts
If a police officer stops you, they are acting im Dienst (on duty). Their report is a dienstliche Meldung. If you have to testify about something you saw at work, it might be a dienstliche Äußerung.

In summary, you hear this word whenever the 'system' is speaking. It’s the language of the 'Apparat' (the machine of state or corporate life). It’s precise, cold, and very clear. When you hear it, you know that personal feelings are secondary to the requirements of the job or the law.

Wir müssen diese Angelegenheit auf dienstlichem Wege klären.

English speakers often struggle with dienstlich because they try to use more general words like 'offiziell' or 'beruflich' in places where a German would specifically use dienstlich. While 'beruflich' refers to your profession as a whole, dienstlich refers to the specific duties of your current role. Using the wrong one can sound slightly 'off' or imprecise.

Mistake 1: Using 'Offiziell' for Work Tasks
English speakers often say 'official' when they mean 'for work'. In German, offiziell usually means something recognized by the government or a formal announcement. A work trip isn't an 'offizielle Reise' (unless you're the President); it's a dienstliche Reise.
Mistake 2: Confusing 'Beruflich' and 'Dienstlich'
'Beruflich' is about your career. 'Ich bin Lehrer von Beruf' (I am a teacher by profession). 'Dienstlich' is about the specific task. You go to a teacher's conference dienstlich, but you are interested in education beruflich.

Falsch: Ich habe eine offizielle E-Mail geschrieben.
Richtig: Ich habe eine dienstliche E-Mail geschrieben.

Another common error is the incorrect declination of the adjective. Because dienstlich is often used as an adverb (where it has no ending), learners forget to add endings when it's an adjective. 'Mein dienstlich Handy' is wrong; it must be 'Mein dienstliches Handy'.

Falsch: Er ist im Geschäft unterwegs.
Richtig: Er ist dienstlich unterwegs.

Finally, learners sometimes use 'geschäftlich' when they are talking about government or non-profit work. 'Geschäftlich' implies 'business' or 'profit'. If you work for the city council or a charity, use dienstlich. Using 'geschäftlich' in a government context sounds like you are doing private business on the side, which can be a very bad implication!

Ich darf mein dienstliches Fahrzeug nicht privat nutzen.

German has several words that overlap with dienstlich, but each has its own 'home' context. Choosing the right one shows a high level of linguistic competence. The most common alternatives are geschäftlich, beruflich, amtlich, and offiziell.

Geschäftlich vs. Dienstlich
Geschäftlich: Used in the private sector for sales, deals, and profit-oriented activities. 'Ein geschäftliches Treffen' is a business meeting.
Dienstlich: Used for duties within any organization, especially public service. It emphasizes the 'task' rather than the 'deal'.
Beruflich vs. Dienstlich
Beruflich: Relates to one's career or vocation. 'Berufliche Veränderung' means a career change.
Dienstlich: Relates to specific requirements of the current job. 'Dienstliche Reise' is a trip you have to take for your current boss.

Während geschäftlich oft den Profit betont, betont dienstlich die Pflicht.

Another word is amtlich. This is strictly for things coming from a 'Amt' (government office). A birth certificate is an 'amtliches Dokument'. You wouldn't call a work email 'amtlich' unless you work for the government and the email is a formal decree. Offiziell is the broadest term, used for anything that isn't 'unofficial' or 'secret'.

Das amtliche Schreiben kam per Post, aber die dienstliche Mitteilung per E-Mail.

Professionell
This refers to the *quality* of work. 'Er arbeitet sehr professionell' (He works very professionally). It doesn't mean 'on duty', but rather 'with high skill'. You can behave professionell while doing something dienstlich.

In summary, use dienstlich when you want to sound like a responsible part of an organization fulfilling a duty. Use geschäftlich when money or deals are involved. Use beruflich for career-level discussions. Use amtlich for government authority.

Soll ich das dienstlich oder über mein berufliches Netzwerk klären?

发音指南

UK /ˈdiːnstlɪç/
US /ˈdiːnstlɪk/
The stress is on the first syllable: DIENST-lich.
押韵词
wesentlich ordentlich hoffentlich wöchentlich öffentlich eigentlich namentlich vermeintlich
常见错误
  • Pronouncing the 'ie' as 'eye' (like 'die'). It should always be a long 'ee'.
  • Pronouncing the 'ch' as 'k' (like 'dienstlik'). It should be the soft 'ich-laut'.
  • Forgetting the 'n' in the middle.
  • Pronouncing the 't' too softly; it should be crisp.
  • Confusing it with 'dinstlich' (incorrect spelling).
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按水平分级的例句

1

Ich bin dienstlich hier.

I am here for work.

Simple adverbial use.

2

Ist das dienstlich?

Is that for work?

Asking a basic question.

3

Er reist dienstlich.

He travels for work.

Verb + adverb.

4

Mein Handy ist dienstlich.

My phone is for work.

Predicate adjective.

5

Dienstlich oder privat?

Work or private?

Common binary choice.

6

Ich muss dienstlich nach Bonn.

I have to go to Bonn for work.

Modal verb construction.

7

Das ist ein dienstliches Telefonat.

That is a work call.

Adjective with -es ending (neuter).

8

Wir sind dienstlich in Berlin.

We are in Berlin for work.

Plural subject.

1

Ich bin heute dienstlich verhindert.

I am busy with work today.

Polite rejection phrase.

2

Nutzen Sie das Auto dienstlich?

Do you use the car for work?

Interrogative sentence.

3

Das ist meine dienstliche E-Mail-Adresse.

That is my work email address.

Adjective with -e ending (feminine).

4

Er hat viele dienstliche Termine.

He has many work appointments.

Plural adjective ending.

5

Wir müssen dienstlich viel schreiben.

We have to write a lot for work.

Adverb modifying 'schreiben'.

6

Darf ich mein dienstliches Handy privat nutzen?

May I use my work phone privately?

Neuter adjective ending.

7

Sie ist dienstlich in München unterwegs.

She is on a work trip in Munich.

Common idiom 'unterwegs sein'.

8

Das war ein dienstlicher Auftrag.

That was a work assignment.

Masculine adjective ending.

1

Aus dienstlichen Gründen kann ich nicht kommen.

For work reasons, I cannot come.

Dative plural ending after 'aus'.

2

Das ist eine dienstliche Angelegenheit.

That is a work-related matter.

Feminine nominative.

3

Er muss seine dienstlichen Ausgaben abrechnen.

He has to invoice his work expenses.

Accusative plural.

4

Die Information ist nur für den dienstlichen Gebrauch.

The information is only for official use.

Masculine accusative after 'für'.

5

Gibt es eine dienstliche Notwendigkeit dafür?

Is there a work-related necessity for that?

Abstract noun pairing.

6

Ich habe ihn dienstlich angerufen.

I called him for work purposes.

Adverbial usage.

7

Er trägt seine dienstliche Kleidung.

He is wearing his work clothes / uniform.

Refers to uniforms or formal wear.

8

Wir trennen Privates und Dienstliches strikt.

We strictly separate private and work matters.

Substantivized adjectives.

1

Der Vorfall wurde dienstlich gemeldet.

The incident was reported officially.

Passive voice.

2

Er handelt in seiner dienstlichen Eigenschaft.

He is acting in his official capacity.

Formal prepositional phrase.

3

Das Schreiben wurde auf dem Dienstweg verschickt.

The letter was sent through official channels.

Idiomatic expression.

4

Es gab eine dienstliche Anweisung vom Chef.

There was an official instruction from the boss.

Stronger than 'Bitte'.

5

Er ist zur dienstlichen Verschwiegenheit verpflichtet.

He is bound by official confidentiality.

Legal obligation.

6

Die dienstliche Beurteilung war sehr gut.

The official performance review was very good.

Standard HR term.

7

Sie müssen dienstliche Belange berücksichtigen.

You must take official concerns into account.

Formal plural noun.

8

Das ist ein Verstoß gegen dienstliche Vorschriften.

That is a violation of official regulations.

Legal/Bureaucratic context.

1

Die dienstliche Notwendigkeit der Maßnahme ist fragwürdig.

The official necessity of the measure is questionable.

Complex noun phrase.

2

Er wurde wegen einer dienstlichen Verfehlung entlassen.

He was dismissed because of an official misconduct.

High-level vocabulary.

3

An der Reise besteht kein dienstliches Interesse.

There is no official interest in the trip.

Standard bureaucratic rejection.

4

Er äußerte sich dazu nur dienstlich.

He only commented on it in an official capacity.

Emphasizing the role.

5

Die Grenze zwischen Privatem und Dienstlichem verschwimmt.

The boundary between private and official is blurring.

Discussing social trends.

6

Er hat seine dienstlichen Befugnisse überschritten.

He exceeded his official powers.

Legal context.

7

Es bedarf einer dienstlichen Genehmigung.

It requires official authorization.

Genitive construction with 'bedürfen'.

8

Das ist eine rein dienstliche Mitteilung.

That is a purely official communication.

Adverb modifying adjective.

1

Die dienstliche Stellung verpflichtet zur Neutralität.

The official position obligates one to neutrality.

Abstract principle.

2

Er unterliegt der dienstlichen Aufsicht.

He is subject to official supervision.

Administrative law term.

3

Inwieweit sind dienstliche Belange hier vorrangig?

To what extent are official concerns a priority here?

Complex interrogative.

4

Die dienstliche Obliegenheit wurde verletzt.

The official duty was violated.

Archaic/Legal terminology.

5

Er wurde in den einstweiligen Ruhestand versetzt, aus dienstlichen Gründen.

He was placed in temporary retirement for official reasons.

Civil service law.

6

Eine dienstliche Äußerung ist in diesem Fall zwingend.

An official statement is mandatory in this case.

Formal requirement.

7

Die dienstliche Zweckmäßigkeit steht außer Frage.

The official expediency is beyond question.

High-level administrative jargon.

8

Er agiert streng nach seinem dienstlichen Auftrag.

He acts strictly according to his official mandate.

Emphasis on obedience.

常见搭配

dienstlich verreist
dienstliche Gründe
dienstliches Handy
dienstliche Belange
dienstlich verhindert
dienstliche Anweisung
dienstliche E-Mail
dienstliche Beurteilung
dienstlicher Gebrauch
dienstlich geliefert

常用短语

Auf dem Dienstweg

— Through official channels or the proper hierarchy.

Bitte reichen Sie den Antrag auf dem Dienstweg ein.

Dienstlich geliefert

— Issued by the employer (often used for equipment).

Das Werkzeug ist dienstlich geliefert.

Im Dienst sein

— To be currently working or on duty.

Der Polizist ist gerade im Dienst.

Dienst nach Vorschrift

— Doing the bare minimum required by the rules (work-to-rule).

Die Mitarbeiter machen aus Protest Dienst nach Vorschrift.

Außer Dienst

— Retired or off duty.

Er ist ein Lehrer außer Dienst (a.D.).

Dienstliche Mitteilung

— An official announcement within a company.

Haben Sie die neue dienstliche Mitteilung gelesen?

Dienstliches Interesse

— A formal reason why an organization wants something done.

Es besteht ein dienstliches Interesse an Ihrer Fortbildung.

Wegen dienstlicher Verpflichtungen

— Due to work obligations.

Er konnte wegen dienstlicher Verpflichtungen nicht kommen.

Dienstliche Eigenschaft

— In an official capacity.

Ich spreche hier in meiner dienstlichen Eigenschaft.

Dienstliche Geheimhaltung

— Professional/official secrecy.

Sie sind zur dienstlichen Geheimhaltung verpflichtet.

习语与表达

"Dienst ist Dienst und Schnaps ist Schnaps"

— Work is work and pleasure is pleasure; keep them separate.

Wir reden jetzt nicht über das Projekt. Dienst ist Dienst und Schnaps ist Schnaps!

Informal/Proverb
"Den Dienstweg einhalten"

— To follow the chain of command strictly.

In dieser Behörde muss man immer den Dienstweg einhalten.

Formal
"Nach Dienstschluss"

— After work hours.

Können wir das nach Dienstschluss besprechen?

Neutral
"Sich in den Dienst einer Sache stellen"

— To dedicate oneself to a cause.

Er stellt sein Leben in den Dienst der Wissenschaft.

Formal
"Den Dienst quittieren"

— To resign or quit one's job (often military/police).

Nach zwanzig Jahren hat er den Dienst quittiert.

Formal
"Vom Dienst suspendiert"

— To be suspended from work.

Der Beamte wurde vorläufig vom Dienst suspendiert.

Formal
"Dienstältester"

— The person who has been in service the longest.

Fragen Sie den Dienstältesten, er kennt alle Regeln.

Neutral
"Zum Dienst erscheinen"

— To show up for work/duty.

Pünktlich zum Dienst erscheinen ist Pflicht.

Neutral
"Dienst am Kunden"

— Customer service.

Wir legen großen Wert auf den Dienst am Kunden.

Neutral
"Den Dienst verweigern"

— To refuse service (e.g., military service).

Er hat den Dienst mit der Waffe verweigert.

Formal

词族

名词

der Dienst
die Dienstleistung
die Dienstreise
der Dienstwagen
die Dienstzeit
der Dienstweg

动词

dienen
bedienen
verdienen
ausdienen

形容词

dienstlich
dienstunfähig
dienstwillig
dienstfertig
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