estúpido 30秒了解
- Estúpido means stupid, lacking intelligence or good sense.
- It's an adjective that changes form (estúpido, estúpida, estúpidos, estúpidas).
- Use with caution as it can be a strong insult.
- Alternatives include 'tonto' (silly) and 'idiota' (idiot).
- Meaning
- The Spanish word 'estúpido' translates directly to 'stupid' in English. It is an adjective used to describe someone or something that lacks intelligence, good sense, or reason. It can be used to express a negative judgment about a person's actions, words, or general mental capacity.
- Usage
- 'Estúpido' is a common word in Spanish, but it carries a strong negative connotation. It can be used in a variety of contexts, from casual conversations among friends to more formal criticisms. However, it's important to be aware of its potentially offensive nature, as it can be hurtful if used inappropriately or too harshly. People might use it to express frustration, anger, or disappointment when someone makes a foolish mistake, says something nonsensical, or acts in a way that is considered unwise or illogical. It can also be used humorously, but this depends heavily on the tone and the relationship between the speakers. For instance, if a friend trips over their own feet, you might playfully call them 'estúpido', but this should be done with affection and not malice. In more serious situations, calling someone 'estúpido' can be a direct insult, implying a severe lack of intelligence.
- Variations
- Like many Spanish adjectives, 'estúpido' changes its ending to agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. The masculine singular form is 'estúpido', the feminine singular is 'estúpida', the masculine plural is 'estúpidos', and the feminine plural is 'estúpidas'. For example, 'un hombre estúpido' (a stupid man), 'una idea estúpida' (a stupid idea), 'unos comentarios estúpidos' (some stupid comments), and 'unas decisiones estúpidas' (some stupid decisions).
Ese comentario tuyo fue realmente estúpido.
No seas estúpido, piensa antes de hablar.
- Describing Actions
- You can use 'estúpido' to describe an action that is foolish or lacks good judgment. For example, if someone tries to cross a busy street without looking, you could say their action was 'estúpida'. This highlights the lack of common sense involved. It's often used when someone does something that has obvious negative consequences. The focus is on the poor decision-making process. For instance, 'Es estúpido gastar todo tu dinero en algo que no necesitas.' (It's stupid to spend all your money on something you don't need.) Here, the action of spending money unwisely is labeled as stupid.
- Describing People
- While it can be used to describe a person, this is generally considered a direct insult. It implies a lack of intelligence or understanding. For example, 'No puedo creer que dijeras eso, eres muy estúpido.' (I can't believe you said that, you are very stupid.) This is a harsh statement and should be used with extreme caution, if at all. It's more common in heated arguments or when expressing extreme frustration with someone's behavior or statements. It's important to remember that calling someone 'estúpido' directly attacks their intellect and can cause significant offense.
- Describing Things/Situations
- 'Estúpido' can also describe things or situations that are illogical, pointless, or poorly conceived. For example, a poorly designed product or a nonsensical rule could be described as 'estúpido'. 'La forma en que está organizado este evento es estúpida.' (The way this event is organized is stupid.) This usage focuses on the lack of logic or effectiveness of the thing or situation being described. It's less personal than calling a person stupid and more of a critique of the design or concept.
- Gender and Number Agreement
- Remember that 'estúpido' must agree with the noun it modifies. If you are talking about a feminine noun, you use 'estúpida'. If you are referring to multiple masculine or mixed-gender nouns, you use 'estúpidos'. For multiple feminine nouns, use 'estúpidas'. For instance, 'una pregunta estúpida' (a stupid question), 'unos planes estúpidos' (some stupid plans), and 'unas excusas estúpidas' (some stupid excuses).
Intentar abrir esa puerta con una tarjeta de crédito es una idea estúpida.
Él hizo algo muy estúpido y ahora está arrepentido.
- Informal Conversations
- You'll most commonly hear 'estúpido' in informal settings among friends or family, especially when someone makes a mistake or says something silly. For example, if someone forgets their keys for the tenth time, a friend might exclaim, '¡Ay, qué estúpido soy!' (Oh, how stupid I am!). It can also be used playfully to tease someone who does something clumsy or forgetful. The tone is usually lighthearted in these instances. It's a common way to express self-deprecation when you realize you've done something foolish. For example, 'Se me olvidó la cartera en casa, ¡qué estúpida soy!' (I forgot my wallet at home, how stupid I am!).
- Expressions of Frustration
- When people are frustrated or angry, they might use 'estúpido' to describe a situation or someone's actions that are causing them trouble. For instance, if a computer program keeps crashing, someone might say, 'Este programa es estúpido y no funciona.' (This program is stupid and doesn't work.) This usage expresses annoyance and a sense of futility. It's often heard when dealing with inanimate objects that are malfunctioning or when someone is repeatedly making the same mistake. The word here conveys a strong sense of exasperation. For example, '¡Qué estúpido error! No puedo creer que lo haya cometido de nuevo.' (What a stupid mistake! I can't believe I made it again.)
- Movies and TV Shows
- In Spanish-language media, 'estúpido' is frequently used by characters to express a range of emotions, from playful teasing to genuine anger and insult. You might hear it in comedies, dramas, and even action films. The context will always dictate the severity of the word. For instance, a villain might call the hero 'estúpido' as a direct insult, while two friends might use it in a joking manner. It's a versatile word that writers use to quickly establish character or convey conflict. In a scene where a character is outsmarted, the antagonist might sneer, 'Eres más estúpido de lo que pensaba.' (You are more stupid than I thought.)
- Online Forums and Social Media
- On the internet, where people often feel less inhibited, 'estúpido' can appear in comments sections, forums, and social media posts. It might be used to criticize a political decision, a celebrity's statement, or another user's opinion. However, many platforms have moderation policies against abusive language, so its use might be flagged or removed. When used online, it often reflects a strong disagreement or a dismissal of someone's viewpoint. For example, someone might comment, 'Esa teoría es completamente estúpida.' (That theory is completely stupid.)
¡Qué estúpido fui al dejar las llaves dentro del coche!
No me hagas repetir mi pregunta, eso sería estúpido.
- Gender and Number Agreement
- A very common mistake for learners is to forget that adjectives in Spanish must agree in gender and number with the noun they describe. Learners might use the masculine singular form 'estúpido' for all situations, regardless of whether they are referring to a masculine or feminine noun, or a singular or plural noun. For example, they might say 'una idea estúpido' instead of the correct 'una idea estúpida'. Similarly, they might say 'los hombres estúpida' instead of 'los hombres estúpidos'. This grammatical error can make the speaker sound less fluent and can sometimes lead to confusion.
- Overuse or Misuse
- Another mistake is using 'estúpido' too frequently or in situations where it is not appropriate. Because it's a strong word, overusing it can diminish its impact or make the speaker seem overly negative or aggressive. Learners might use it when a milder word like 'tonto' (silly) or 'despistado' (forgetful) would be more suitable and less offensive. For example, calling a child who dropped an ice cream 'estúpido' is likely too harsh; 'tonto' would be more fitting. This mistake often stems from not fully grasping the emotional weight and social implications of the word in Spanish culture. It's essential to gauge the context and the relationship with the person before using such a strong adjective.
- Direct Translation from English
- English speakers might be tempted to translate English phrases directly. For example, if an English speaker might say 'That's a stupid question,' they might directly translate it as 'Esa es una pregunta estúpida'. While grammatically correct, the impact of 'estúpido' can be stronger in Spanish than 'stupid' is in some English contexts. It's important to consider if a less direct or less harsh Spanish equivalent might better fit the nuance intended. Sometimes, a phrase like 'Qué pregunta tan rara' (What a strange question) or 'No entiendo tu pregunta' (I don't understand your question) might be more polite and effective in conveying that the question is not well-formed without resorting to a strong negative adjective.
- Confusing with Similar Words
- Learners might confuse 'estúpido' with similar-sounding or semantically related words, leading to misuse. For example, confusing it with 'estupefacto' (stupefied, astonished) or 'estupendo' (great, wonderful). The pronunciation is similar, but the meanings are entirely different. 'Estupendo' is a very positive word, so using 'estúpido' when you mean 'estupendo' would lead to a complete misunderstanding. It's crucial to learn the distinct meanings and contexts for each word to avoid embarrassing errors. For instance, saying 'La fiesta estuvo estúpida' (The party was stupid) when you meant 'La fiesta estuvo estupenda' (The party was great) is a significant error.
Incorrecto: La mujer estúpido llegó tarde.
Incorrecto: Hiciste un trabajo estúpido.
- Tonto
- 'Tonto' is a very common alternative, generally less harsh than 'estúpido'. It translates to 'silly', 'foolish', or 'dumb'. It can be used for mild mistakes or playful teasing. For example, 'No seas tonto, te caíste por nada.' (Don't be silly, you fell for nothing.) While 'estúpido' implies a lack of intelligence, 'tonto' often refers to a momentary lapse in judgment or a lack of common sense, and can even be affectionate. It's a safer choice for general use.
- Necio
- 'Necio' means 'stubborn', 'obstinate', or 'foolish' in a way that suggests a refusal to listen to reason. It's stronger than 'tonto' but often focuses more on the stubbornness of the person rather than their inherent intelligence. For example, 'Es necio si no quieres escuchar mi consejo.' (You are foolish if you don't want to listen to my advice.) It implies someone is being foolish because they are unwilling to change their mind or accept facts.
- Idiota
- 'Idiota' is very similar in strength and meaning to 'estúpido'. It translates directly to 'idiot'. It's also a strong insult and should be used with caution. The choice between 'estúpido' and 'idiota' often comes down to personal preference or regional dialect, but both are considered offensive when directed at someone. '¡No seas idiota!' (Don't be an idiot!) is a common, strong reprimand.
- Poco inteligente
- This is a more polite and indirect way to say someone is not smart. It literally means 'little intelligent' or 'not very intelligent'. It's a much softer criticism. For example, 'Esa decisión fue poco inteligente.' (That decision was not very intelligent.) This is a good option when you need to point out a lack of good judgment without causing offense.
- Despistado
- 'Despistado' means 'absent-minded', 'clueless', or 'forgetful'. It's used when someone seems unaware of their surroundings or forgets things, often leading to minor mistakes. It's not an insult related to intelligence, but rather to attention or awareness. For example, 'Se me olvidó la cita, estoy muy despistado últimamente.' (I forgot the appointment, I'm very clueless lately.) This is a much milder and more specific description of a behavioral trait.
'Estúpido' es fuerte, 'tonto' es más suave.
'Necio' implica terquedad, 'estúpido' falta de inteligencia.
How Formal Is It?
趣味小知识
The Latin root 'stup-' is also the origin of English words like 'stupor' (a state of near unconsciousness or insensibility) and 'stupefy' (to make someone unable to think or feel properly). This shows a shared conceptual origin related to being mentally dulled or shocked.
发音指南
- Pronouncing the 'u' as in 'cup' instead of 'moon'.
- Not stressing the correct syllable.
- Confusing the 'o' at the end with a long 'oh' sound.
- Adding an extra 's' sound at the beginning.
- Pronouncing the 'd' too softly or too hard.
难度评级
CEFR A2 level. The word itself is simple, but understanding its nuances and avoiding offensive usage requires some cultural and contextual awareness.
A2. Learners need to be careful with gender and number agreement and consider the impact of using such a strong word.
A2. Easy to pronounce, but critical to use appropriately to avoid causing offense.
A2. Recognizable and common, but context is key to understanding the speaker's intent.
接下来学什么
前置知识
接下来学习
高级
需要掌握的语法
Adjective Agreement (Gender and Number)
El coche es estúpido. La idea es estúpida. Los planes son estúpidos. Las excusas son estúpidas.
Use of 'Ser' with Adjectives
Yo soy estúpido. Él es estúpido. Ella es estúpida. Nosotros somos estúpidos.
Imperative 'Tú' Form
No seas estúpido.
Exclamations with 'Qué'
¡Qué comentario estúpido!
Use of 'Lo' + Adjective (Neuter)
No entiendo lo estúpido de la situación.
按水平分级的例句
El perro es estúpido.
The dog is stupid.
Singular masculine noun 'perro' modified by singular masculine adjective 'estúpido'.
La idea es estúpida.
The idea is stupid.
Singular feminine noun 'idea' modified by singular feminine adjective 'estúpida'.
No seas estúpido.
Don't be stupid.
Imperative command directed at a male or general person.
Qué cosa tan estúpida.
What a stupid thing.
Exclamation referring to a 'cosa' (thing, feminine singular).
El niño dijo algo estúpido.
The boy said something stupid.
Masculine noun 'niño' and indefinite pronoun 'algo' modified by masculine adjective 'estúpido'.
Es una pregunta estúpida.
It is a stupid question.
Feminine noun 'pregunta' modified by feminine adjective 'estúpida'.
Los coches son estúpidos.
The cars are stupid.
Plural masculine noun 'coches' modified by plural masculine adjective 'estúpidos'.
Las reglas son estúpidas.
The rules are stupid.
Plural feminine noun 'reglas' modified by plural feminine adjective 'estúpidas'.
Mi hermano hizo algo estúpido y lo castigaron.
My brother did something stupid and they punished him.
'Algo' is modified by 'estúpido'. 'Hermano' is masculine singular.
Esa fue una decisión estúpida, ahora tenemos problemas.
That was a stupid decision, now we have problems.
'Decisión' is feminine singular, so it takes 'estúpida'.
No seas estúpido, piensa antes de actuar.
Don't be stupid, think before acting.
Imperative form 'seas' used with 'tú', adjective 'estúpido' refers to the person.
Me siento estúpido por haber olvidado tu cumpleaños.
I feel stupid for having forgotten your birthday.
'Estúpido' agrees with the speaker (masculine implied, or neutral if speaker is unknown).
Ese comentario fue muy estúpido y ofensivo.
That comment was very stupid and offensive.
'Comentario' is masculine singular, modified by 'estúpido'.
Las instrucciones eran confusas y estúpidas.
The instructions were confusing and stupid.
'Instrucciones' is feminine plural, taking 'estúpidas'.
Qué actor tan estúpido, no se aprendió el guion.
What a stupid actor, he didn't learn the script.
'Actor' is masculine singular, taking 'estúpido'.
La forma en que manejaron la crisis fue estúpida.
The way they handled the crisis was stupid.
'Forma' is feminine singular, taking 'estúpida'.
No puedo creer que haya tomado una decisión tan estúpida.
I can't believe he made such a stupid decision.
Subjunctive mood 'haya tomado' used after 'no puedo creer que'. 'Decisión' (feminine singular) takes 'estúpida'.
Llamar a eso 'progreso' me parece estúpido.
Calling that 'progress' seems stupid to me.
The gerund phrase 'Llamar a eso 'progreso'' acts as the subject, modified by 'estúpido'.
Él siempre se mete en problemas por sus comentarios estúpidos.
He always gets into trouble because of his stupid comments.
'Comentarios' (masculine plural) takes 'estúpidos'.
La reacción del público ante la noticia fue estúpida.
The public's reaction to the news was stupid.
'Reacción' (feminine singular) takes 'estúpida'.
Intentar convencerlo es una pérdida de tiempo estúpida.
Trying to convince him is a stupid waste of time.
'Pérdida de tiempo' (feminine singular) takes 'estúpida'.
Le dije que su plan era estúpido, y se enfadó mucho.
I told him his plan was stupid, and he got very angry.
'Plan' (masculine singular) takes 'estúpido'.
Sus excusas eran tan estúpidas que nadie le creyó.
His excuses were so stupid that nobody believed him.
'Excusas' (feminine plural) takes 'estúpidas'.
Actuar sin pensar es el colmo de lo estúpido.
Acting without thinking is the height of stupidity.
'Lo estúpido' is a neuter construction referring to the abstract concept of stupidity.
Criticar su trabajo sin ofrecer alternativas constructivas es, francamente, estúpido.
Criticizing his work without offering constructive alternatives is, frankly, stupid.
The phrase 'Criticar su trabajo sin ofrecer alternativas constructivas' is the subject, modified by 'estúpido'.
La insistencia del gobierno en ignorar la evidencia científica es una política estúpida.
The government's insistence on ignoring scientific evidence is a stupid policy.
'Política' (feminine singular) takes 'estúpida'.
No entiendo cómo alguien puede considerar que esa afirmación es lógica, me parece completamente estúpida.
I don't understand how someone can consider that statement logical, it seems completely stupid to me.
'Afirmación' (feminine singular) is implicitly described as 'estúpida' through the verb 'parecer'.
Su argumento era tan circular y contradictorio que resultaba estúpido.
His argument was so circular and contradictory that it turned out to be stupid.
'Argumento' (masculine singular) is described as 'estúpido' through the verb 'resultar'.
La empresa tomó una medida estúpida al despedir a tantos empleados cualificados.
The company took a stupid measure by firing so many qualified employees.
'Medida' (feminine singular) takes 'estúpida'.
Pensar que se puede lograr el éxito sin esfuerzo es una fantasía estúpida.
Thinking that success can be achieved without effort is a stupid fantasy.
'Fantasía' (feminine singular) takes 'estúpida'.
La falta de previsión en su plan de negocios demostraba una mentalidad estúpida.
The lack of foresight in his business plan demonstrated a stupid mentality.
'Mentalidad' (feminine singular) takes 'estúpida'.
Ignorar las advertencias del experto sería un acto estúpido.
Ignoring the expert's warnings would be a stupid act.
'Acto' (masculine singular) takes 'estúpido'.
La recalcitrante negativa a adaptarse a las nuevas tecnologías es un síntoma de una mentalidad estúpida y obsoleta.
The recalcitrant refusal to adapt to new technologies is a symptom of a stupid and obsolete mentality.
'Mentalidad' (feminine singular) is modified by two adjectives: 'estúpida' and 'obsoleta'.
Considerar que la empatía es una debilidad en el liderazgo es una concepción profundamente estúpida.
Considering empathy to be a weakness in leadership is a profoundly stupid conception.
'Concepción' (feminine singular) takes the adverb 'profundamente' and the adjective 'estúpida'.
La estrategia de negar el problema, en lugar de abordarlo, es una táctica estúpida que solo agrava la situación.
The strategy of denying the problem, instead of addressing it, is a stupid tactic that only worsens the situation.
'Táctica' (feminine singular) is modified by 'estúpida'.
Reducir un debate complejo a un simple eslogan es una simplificación estúpida.
Reducing a complex debate to a simple slogan is a stupid simplification.
'Simplificación' (feminine singular) takes 'estúpida'.
Desestimar la importancia de la educación pública como un gasto innecesario es una visión estúpida de la sociedad.
Dismissing the importance of public education as an unnecessary expense is a stupid view of society.
'Visión' (feminine singular) takes 'estúpida'.
La creencia de que la fuerza bruta puede resolver todos los problemas es una noción estúpida.
The belief that brute force can solve all problems is a stupid notion.
'Noción' (feminine singular) takes 'estúpida'.
El intento de ocultar la verdad bajo capas de propaganda es un ejercicio estúpido.
The attempt to hide the truth under layers of propaganda is a stupid exercise.
'Ejercicio' (masculine singular) takes 'estúpido'.
Ignorar las consecuencias a largo plazo de sus acciones es una irresponsabilidad estúpida.
Ignoring the long-term consequences of their actions is a stupid irresponsibility.
'Irresponsabilidad' (feminine singular) takes 'estúpida'.
La perpetuación de narrativas simplistas sobre conflictos geopolíticos complejos es un reflejo de una inteligencia estúpida, o peor aún, deliberadamente obtusa.
The perpetuation of simplistic narratives about complex geopolitical conflicts is a reflection of a stupid intelligence, or worse, deliberately obtuse.
'Inteligencia' (feminine singular) takes 'estúpida'. The phrase 'inteligencia estúpida' is then further described by 'deliberadamente obtusa'.
Su argumentación, carente de rigor lógico y plagada de falacias ad hominem, no era simplemente errónea, sino fundamentalmente estúpida.
His argumentation, lacking logical rigor and rife with ad hominem fallacies, was not simply erroneous, but fundamentally stupid.
'Argumentación' (feminine singular) is described as 'estúpida' using the adverb 'fundamentalmente'.
La ceguera voluntaria ante la evidencia empírica que contradice sus dogmas ideológicos constituye una forma de estupidez activa y estúpida.
The willful blindness to empirical evidence that contradicts their ideological dogmas constitutes a form of active and stupid stupidity.
'Estupidez' (feminine singular, abstract noun) is modified by 'activa' and 'estúpida'.
El desprecio por el conocimiento acumulado a través de siglos de investigación y debate es la marca de una arrogancia estúpida.
The contempt for knowledge accumulated over centuries of research and debate is the mark of a stupid arrogance.
'Arrogancia' (feminine singular) takes 'estúpida'.
La insistencia en mantener modelos económicos obsoletos frente a la evidencia de su ineficacia es una terquedad estúpida que perjudica a la sociedad.
The insistence on maintaining obsolete economic models in the face of evidence of their ineffectiveness is a stupid stubbornness that harms society.
'Terquedad' (feminine singular) takes 'estúpida'.
Reducir la complejidad humana a meros algoritmos es un reduccionismo estúpido que ignora la esencia de nuestra existencia.
Reducing human complexity to mere algorithms is a stupid reductionism that ignores the essence of our existence.
'Reduccionismo' (masculine singular) takes 'estúpido'.
La negación de la interconexión de los sistemas globales ante la evidencia de crisis sistémicas es una miopía estúpida.
The denial of the interconnectedness of global systems in the face of evidence of systemic crises is a stupid short-sightedness.
'Miopía' (feminine singular) takes 'estúpida'.
Su análisis, desprovisto de matices y anclado en prejuicios anacrónicos, era un ejercicio de pedantería estúpida.
His analysis, devoid of nuances and anchored in anachronistic prejudices, was an exercise in stupid pedantry.
'Pedantería' (feminine singular) takes 'estúpida'.
常见搭配
常用短语
— Don't be stupid. A direct command often used when someone is acting foolishly.
No seas estúpido, ten cuidado.
— How stupid! An exclamation of surprise or exasperation at someone's foolishness.
¡Qué estúpido! Se le olvidó el pasaporte.
— I feel stupid. Used when one realizes they have made a mistake or acted foolishly.
Me siento estúpido por haber dicho eso.
— That is stupid. Used to label an idea, action, or situation as lacking sense.
Eso es estúpido, no tiene lógica.
— Stupid of me. A self-deprecating phrase used to acknowledge a personal mistake.
Estúpido de mí, dejé la puerta abierta.
— To act like a stupid person. Describes foolish or senseless behavior.
Deja de actuar como un estúpido.
— A stupid waste of time. Used to describe an activity that is pointless and foolish.
Perseguir ese objetivo es una pérdida de tiempo estúpida.
— A stupid mistake. Refers to a mistake that is easily avoidable or due to a lack of attention.
Fue solo un error estúpido.
— A stupid excuse. Describes an excuse that is unconvincing or illogical.
Me dio una excusa estúpida.
— What a stupid comment. Expresses disapproval of a foolish or insensitive remark.
Qué comentario tan estúpido, no deberías haberlo dicho.
容易混淆的词
'Estupendo' means 'great' or 'wonderful'. It is a positive adjective, whereas 'estúpido' is negative. The similar sound can lead to confusion for learners.
'Estupefacto' means 'stupefied' or 'astonished'. It describes a state of shock or surprise, not a lack of intelligence.
'Estupor' is a noun meaning 'stupor' or 'astonishment'. It refers to a state of mental numbness or shock, similar to 'estupefacto'.
习语与表达
— To be dumber than a stone. A very common idiom to express extreme foolishness, often interchangeable with 'ser estúpido' in its severity.
Mi primo es más tonto que una piedra, nunca entiende nada.
Informal— To have two fingers of forehead (meaning very little intelligence). It implies a lack of common sense or intelligence, similar to being 'estúpido'.
Con esa actitud, parece que no tiene dos dedos de frente.
Informal— To put the foot in it; to make a mistake or blunder. While not directly meaning 'stupid', it often describes an action that results from being stupid or careless.
Metí la pata al decirle eso.
Informal— To be a hollow-headed person; to be unintelligent or foolish.
No le hagas caso, es un cabeza hueca.
Informal— To not have lights (meaning to not have any brightness or intelligence). Similar to 'tener dos dedos de frente'.
Parece que no tiene luces para entenderlo.
Informal— To make a fool of oneself. Often results from acting 'estúpido' or foolishly.
Hizo el ridículo en público.
Informal— To be on the moon; to be daydreaming or inattentive. This can lead to actions that might be considered 'estúpidas' due to lack of awareness.
Olvidó la tarea porque estaba en la luna.
Informal— To be a lout or a boor; to be coarse and uncivilized. Often implies a lack of social intelligence and can be used in conjunction with 'estúpido'.
Se comportó como un patán en la cena.
Informal— To have one's head in the clouds; to be a dreamer or out of touch with reality. Similar to 'estar en la luna'.
Siempre tiene la cabeza en las nubes y no se entera de nada.
Informal— To be a zero on the left; to be useless or insignificant. Can imply a lack of capability or intelligence.
En este trabajo, es un cero a la izquierda.
Informal容易混淆
Both words describe a lack of intelligence or good sense.
'Tonto' is generally milder and can be used playfully or for minor mistakes, translating to 'silly' or 'foolish'. 'Estúpido' is stronger, implying a more significant lack of intelligence and often used as a direct insult.
Es tonto olvidar las llaves (silly), pero es estúpido conducir ebrio (stupid and dangerous).
Both are strong negative adjectives used to describe someone lacking intelligence.
'Idiota' is very similar to 'estúpido' in its harshness and is often used as a direct insult, meaning 'idiot'. The choice between them can be regional or stylistic, but both are strong.
¡Qué idiota eres! (What an idiot you are!) vs. ¡Qué estúpido eres! (How stupid you are!)
Both describe a lack of good sense or reason.
'Necio' specifically implies stubbornness and a refusal to listen to reason, often leading to foolish actions. 'Estúpido' is a more general term for lack of intelligence.
Es necio si no cambia de opinión (stubbornly foolish), pero su plan era estúpido (illogical).
Similar to 'tonto', it refers to foolishness or silliness.
'Bobo' is typically a milder term than 'estúpido', often used for children or for minor, harmless foolishness. It's less offensive and more lighthearted.
El niño es un poco bobo. (The child is a bit silly.)
Both can describe things that lack logic or sense.
'Estúpido' usually describes a person or their actions/ideas as lacking intelligence. 'Absurdo' describes a situation, idea, or statement as illogical, nonsensical, or contrary to reason, without necessarily implying a personal lack of intelligence in the person who proposed it.
Esa idea es estúpida. (The person's idea shows lack of intelligence.) Esa idea es absurda. (The idea itself makes no sense.)
句型
Noun (masculine singular) + es + estúpido.
El perro es estúpido.
Noun (feminine singular) + es + estúpida.
La idea es estúpida.
No seas + estúpido/a.
No seas estúpido.
Me siento + estúpido/a.
Me siento estúpido por mi error.
Fue + una + [noun feminine singular] + estúpida.
Fue una decisión estúpida.
Hacer algo + estúpido.
Hizo algo estúpido.
Su + [noun masculine singular] + es + estúpido.
Su comentario es estúpido.
La + [noun feminine singular] + es + estúpida.
La estrategia es estúpida.
词族
名词
动词
形容词
相关
如何使用
Common
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Forgetting adjective agreement.
→
El plan es estúpido. La idea es estúpida.
Learners often use the masculine singular form 'estúpido' for all nouns. Spanish adjectives must agree in gender and number with the noun they modify. 'Plan' is masculine, 'idea' is feminine.
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Using 'estúpido' too lightly for minor errors.
→
Fue un error tonto. / Me siento un poco despistado.
'Estúpido' is a strong word. For minor mistakes or forgetfulness, milder words like 'tonto' (silly) or 'despistado' (clueless/forgetful) are more appropriate and less offensive.
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Confusing 'estúpido' with 'estupendo'.
→
La fiesta fue estupenda. (The party was great.)
The words sound similar but have opposite meanings. 'Estupendo' is positive (great, wonderful), while 'estúpido' is negative (stupid). Pay close attention to the spelling and pronunciation.
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Using 'estúpido' as a direct insult without considering the relationship.
→
No seas estúpido. (among friends) / Esa decisión fue poco inteligente. (more formal)
Calling someone 'estúpido' directly is a harsh insult. In many situations, it's better to critique the action or idea rather than attack the person's intelligence, especially in formal settings or with people you don't know well.
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Incorrect pluralization.
→
Los comentarios fueron estúpidos. Las excusas fueron estúpidas.
Learners might forget to pluralize the adjective. If the noun is plural ('comentarios', 'excusas'), the adjective must also be plural ('estúpidos', 'estúpidas').
小贴士
Adjective Agreement is Key
Always remember that 'estúpido' is an adjective and must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. Use 'estúpido' for masculine singular nouns, 'estúpida' for feminine singular, 'estúpidos' for masculine plural, and 'estúpidas' for feminine plural. For example, 'un hombre estúpido' but 'una mujer estúpida'.
Context is Crucial
The word 'estúpido' can be a strong insult. Consider your audience and the situation. Using it to describe an inanimate object or a nonsensical idea is generally safer than using it to describe a person. Among close friends, it might be acceptable in jest, but avoid it in formal settings or with strangers.
Know Your Alternatives
If you're unsure whether 'estúpido' is too strong, consider using milder alternatives like 'tonto' (silly, foolish), 'necio' (stubbornly foolish), 'absurdo' (absurd, nonsensical), or 'poco inteligente' (not very intelligent). These offer more nuanced ways to express a lack of sense or intelligence.
Stress and Sounds
Pay attention to the stress on the second-to-last syllable: es-TU-pi-do. Ensure the 'u' sound is like the 'oo' in 'moon' and the final 'o' is short. Practicing pronunciation will help you sound more natural and avoid misunderstandings.
Cultural Sensitivity
In many Spanish-speaking cultures, directly questioning someone's intelligence can be seen as very rude. While 'estúpido' is a common word, its impact when used as an insult is significant. Be mindful of this cultural nuance to avoid causing offense.
Visual Association
Create a mental image associated with the word. For 'estúpido', picture someone with a comically large, empty head trying to perform a task that clearly requires intelligence, like juggling with one hand tied behind their back. This visual can help cement the meaning.
Sentence Building
Actively construct sentences using 'estúpido' and its variations. Start with simple subject-verb-adjective structures and gradually incorporate more complex sentence elements. This hands-on practice is vital for solidifying your understanding.
Avoid Direct Translation Pitfalls
Don't just translate 'stupid' directly from English without considering the Spanish context. While 'estúpido' is the direct translation, its intensity and appropriate usage might differ. Sometimes a less direct Spanish phrase is more fitting.
Expand Your Lexicon
Learn related words like 'tonto', 'idiota', and 'necio'. Understanding the subtle differences in meaning and register will allow you to express yourself more precisely and appropriately in various situations.
Trace the Roots
Knowing that 'estúpido' comes from the Latin 'stupidus' (meaning stunned or senseless) can help you grasp its core meaning and its connection to related English words like 'stupor' and 'stupefy'.
记住它
记忆技巧
Imagine a 'stupid' person named Stu, who always says 'Pido!' (I ask!) for everything, even when it's obvious. So, Stu-Pido. He's so 'stupid' he just keeps asking without thinking.
视觉联想
Picture a person with a large, empty-looking head, with question marks floating around it. They are trying to carry water in a sieve, a clearly 'stupid' action.
Word Web
挑战
Try to describe five everyday situations where someone might act 'estúpido' without using the word 'estúpido' itself. Then, replace those descriptions with the word 'estúpido' (ensuring correct gender and number agreement) to see how it fits.
词源
The word 'estúpido' comes from the Latin word 'stupidus', which means 'stunned', 'senseless', or 'dull'. It is related to the verb 'stupere', meaning 'to be stunned' or 'to be amazed'.
原始含义： In Latin, 'stupidus' described someone who was mentally numb or unresponsive, often due to shock or being overwhelmed.
Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Romance > Spanish文化背景
This word can be highly offensive. It directly attacks a person's intelligence and can cause significant emotional distress. It is advisable to use it with extreme caution, especially when speaking to someone you don't know well or in professional settings. Milder alternatives are often preferred.
In English, 'stupid' can range from a mild descriptor of a mistake to a harsh insult. The impact often depends heavily on tone and context. However, in Spanish, 'estúpido' often carries a more immediate and visceral sense of offense when applied to a person.
在生活中练习
真实语境
Describing a bad decision.
- Fue una decisión estúpida.
- Esa fue una idea estúpida.
- Tomar esa decisión fue estúpido.
Expressing frustration with a situation or object.
- Este programa es estúpido.
- ¡Qué estúpido error!
- Es una situación estúpida.
Self-deprecation after making a mistake.
- ¡Qué estúpido soy!
- Me siento estúpido.
- Estúpido de mí.
Criticizing someone's actions or words (use with caution).
- No seas estúpido.
- Tu comentario fue estúpido.
- Actuar así es estúpido.
Describing something illogical or nonsensical.
- Esa regla es estúpida.
- Es un argumento estúpido.
- La lógica es estúpida.
对话开场白
"¿Has dicho alguna vez algo que luego te pareció estúpido?"
"¿Qué es lo más estúpido que has visto hacer a alguien?"
"¿Crees que es peor ser estúpido o actuar estúpidamente?"
"¿Cómo reaccionarías si alguien te llamara estúpido?"
"¿Hay alguna situación cotidiana que te parezca inherentemente estúpida?"
日记主题
Describe un momento en el que tomaste una decisión que, en retrospectiva, consideras estúpida. ¿Qué aprendiste de ello?
Piensa en una situación en la que alguien más actuó de manera estúpida. ¿Cómo te sentiste al respecto y cómo reaccionaste?
Reflexiona sobre la diferencia entre ser estúpido y cometer un error estúpido. ¿Son lo mismo o hay matices?
Escribe una conversación corta donde uno de los personajes usa la palabra 'estúpido' de forma justificada y otro de forma ofensiva.
¿Qué estrategias puedes usar para evitar actuar de forma estúpida en tu vida diaria?
常见问题
10 个问题While 'estúpido' can be a direct and strong insult when directed at a person, it can also be used to describe illogical situations, poorly conceived ideas, or even in self-deprecating humor among friends. The context and tone are crucial. For example, saying '¡Qué estúpido error!' (What a stupid mistake!) is usually about the mistake itself, not a harsh attack on the person who made it. However, calling someone 'estúpido' directly is generally considered offensive.
Remember that adjectives in Spanish must agree with the noun they describe. 'Estúpido' is masculine singular. For feminine singular nouns, use 'estúpida'. For masculine plural nouns, use 'estúpidos'. For feminine plural nouns, use 'estúpidas'. Think of it like matching socks: the adjective needs to match the noun in gender and number.
It's generally safer to use 'estúpido' when talking about inanimate objects, abstract concepts, or situations that are clearly illogical or nonsensical. Among very close friends, it might be used playfully or for self-deprecation. However, when referring to people, especially those you don't know well, it's best to use milder terms like 'tonto', 'poco inteligente', or 'absurdo' unless you intend to be offensive.
'Estúpido' is a stronger word, implying a more significant lack of intelligence or judgment, and can be a harsh insult. 'Tonto' is milder, often translating to 'silly' or 'foolish', and can be used for minor mistakes or playful teasing without causing much offense. Think of 'tonto' as a temporary lapse in sense, and 'estúpido' as a more fundamental deficit.
Yes, it's quite common to use 'estúpido' in a self-deprecating way, especially after making a mistake. For example, '¡Qué estúpido soy!' (How stupid I am!) or 'Me siento estúpido por haber olvidado.' (I feel stupid for having forgotten.) This usage is generally accepted and not seen as an insult to oneself.
Directly positive uses of 'estúpido' are rare, as it's inherently a negative term. However, in certain informal contexts, it might be used ironically or with a tone that softens its impact, perhaps to describe something endearingly clumsy or foolish. For instance, a parent might say about a very young child's silly action, '¡Ay, qué estúpido está!' (Oh, how silly he is!), but this is highly dependent on tone and relationship, and 'tonto' is far more common for children.
If you hear someone using 'estúpido' as an aggressive insult, it indicates a high level of anger or frustration on their part. In such situations, it's usually best to remain calm and avoid escalating the conflict. Their use reflects their emotional state, not necessarily an objective assessment of intelligence.
'Estúpido' is a very common word in Spanish, much like 'stupid' is in English. However, the threshold for using it as a direct insult towards a person might be slightly lower in English in some contexts, while in Spanish, its severity is often more pronounced. It's a word that native speakers use regularly but are also mindful of its potential to offend.
Yes, 'estúpido' is widely understood and used in both Spain and Latin America. While regional variations might exist in the frequency of its use or the preference for certain synonyms like 'tonto' or 'pendejo' (which can be very offensive in some regions), 'estúpido' itself is universally recognized.
Start by identifying situations where you would use 'stupid' in English. Then, try to translate those situations into Spanish, paying close attention to gender and number agreement. Practice using it in simple sentences first, and gradually move to more complex ones. Role-playing scenarios with a language partner or tutor can be very helpful.
自我测试 10 个问题
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Estúpido is the Spanish word for 'stupid'. It's an adjective used to describe a lack of intelligence or good judgment. Remember to adjust its ending (estúpido, estúpida, estúpidos, estúpidas) to match the gender and number of the noun it modifies. While common, it's a strong word, so use it thoughtfully, as it can be a significant insult.
- Estúpido means stupid, lacking intelligence or good sense.
- It's an adjective that changes form (estúpido, estúpida, estúpidos, estúpidas).
- Use with caution as it can be a strong insult.
- Alternatives include 'tonto' (silly) and 'idiota' (idiot).
Adjective Agreement is Key
Always remember that 'estúpido' is an adjective and must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. Use 'estúpido' for masculine singular nouns, 'estúpida' for feminine singular, 'estúpidos' for masculine plural, and 'estúpidas' for feminine plural. For example, 'un hombre estúpido' but 'una mujer estúpida'.
Context is Crucial
The word 'estúpido' can be a strong insult. Consider your audience and the situation. Using it to describe an inanimate object or a nonsensical idea is generally safer than using it to describe a person. Among close friends, it might be acceptable in jest, but avoid it in formal settings or with strangers.
Know Your Alternatives
If you're unsure whether 'estúpido' is too strong, consider using milder alternatives like 'tonto' (silly, foolish), 'necio' (stubbornly foolish), 'absurdo' (absurd, nonsensical), or 'poco inteligente' (not very intelligent). These offer more nuanced ways to express a lack of sense or intelligence.
Stress and Sounds
Pay attention to the stress on the second-to-last syllable: es-TU-pi-do. Ensure the 'u' sound is like the 'oo' in 'moon' and the final 'o' is short. Practicing pronunciation will help you sound more natural and avoid misunderstandings.
相关内容
这个词在其他语言中
更多general词汇
a causa de
A2意思是“因为”或“由于”。它后面接名词，用来解释原因。
a condición de que
B2On condition that, provided that, or given that.
a dónde
A1去哪里？（询问目的地或终点）
a lo mejor
A2也许，可能。'a lo mejor' 在西班牙语口语中非常常用。
a menos que
B1除非. 除非他来，否则我不会去。 (I won't go unless he comes.)
a no ser que
B2意思是“除非”。它用于为某个陈述或计划设定一个特定的例外条件。
a pesar de
B1尽管；虽然。 '尽管下雨，他还是来了。' (Despite the rain, he still came.)
a_pesar_de
B2尽管下雨，我们还是出去了。
a propósito
B21. 顺便说一下：用于改变话题。 2. 故意地：有目的地做某事。“顺便说一下，你看到我的书了吗？”以及“他是故意的。”
a raíz de
B2由于；作为……的结果。
