A1 preposition 中性 3分钟阅读

all

/ˈɑlʲlʲ/
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Overview

The Estonian word 'all' is a versatile preposition and adverb that primarily conveys the meaning of being 'under' or 'below' something. Its usage is quite similar to the English 'under' or 'beneath', but it can also take on nuances depending on the context and the case of the noun it modifies.

**As a Preposition:**

When 'all' functions as a preposition, it typically governs the adessive case (where something is located) or the allative case (to where something is moving).

  • With the Adessive Case (kelle/mille all - under whom/what): This indicates a static position directly beneath something.

* *Tema kontrolli all* - under his control

  • Mäe all - at the foot of the mountain (literally 'under the mountain')
  • With the Allative Case (kelle/mille alla - to under whom/what): This indicates movement towards a position beneath something.
  • Mine laua alla! - Go under the table! (indicating movement)
  • Pani raamatu padja alla. - He put the book under the pillow.
  • Peitis end voodi alla. - He hid himself under the bed.

**As an Adverb:**

'All' can also function as an adverb, indicating a position 'down' or 'below' without necessarily specifying the object it's under.

  • Tule all! - Come down! (often used to call someone from an upper floor)

* *Vaata all!* - Look down!

  • All on külm. - It's cold downstairs/below.

**Figurative Meanings and Common Phrases:**

'All' extends beyond literal physical positioning to encompass various figurative meanings:

* **Subordination/Control:**

  • Valitsuse all - under the government (under its authority)

* *Mõju all* - under the influence

  • Käe all - close at hand, available (literally 'under the hand')

**Distinction from other similar words:**

While 'all' is the primary word for 'under', it's important not to confuse it with other prepositions that might seem similar, such as 'küljes' (at the side of, attached to) or 'juures' (near, by).

In summary, 'all' is a fundamental Estonian word for expressing location or direction downwards or beneath something. Its specific meaning and grammatical behavior are determined by whether it acts as a preposition (governing adessive or allative case) or an adverb, and by the broader context of the sentence.

例句

1

Kass magab laua all.

Everyday situation, describing location.

The cat is sleeping under the table.

2

Ta on vanemate alluvuses.

Figurative language, describing a subordinate relationship.

He is under his parents' authority.

3

Temperatuur on nullist all.

Describing a measurement or level in relation to a baseline.

The temperature is below zero.

4

Nad elavad all-linnas.

Geographical description, referring to a lower part of a town or city.

They live in the lower town.

5

Kõik on kontrolli all.

Idiomatic expression, assuring that a situation is managed.

Everything is under control.

常见搭配

laua all
voodi all
jala all
kontrolli all

容易混淆的词

all vs w

80+ WORDS

语法模式

p1 p2 p3

如何使用

使用说明

The Estonian word 'all' is a postposition, meaning it typically follows the noun or pronoun it modifies, which is usually in the genitive case. For example, 'laua all' means 'under the table' (laud - table, laua - genitive of table). It can also be used as an adverb. 'All' denotes a static position. If movement to a position under something is implied, the illative case is used with a different postposition like 'alla.' For instance, 'Miks sa lähed laua alla?' (Why are you going under the table?) uses 'alla' for motion. However, 'Koer magab laua all' (The dog is sleeping under the table) uses 'all' for static location. 'All' is also frequently used in idiomatic expressions. For example, 'rõhu all' means 'under pressure,' 'kontrolli all' means 'under control,' and 'mõju all' means 'under the influence.' When referring to a time period, 'selle aja all' could mean 'during that time.' In more abstract senses, it can signify a condition or state, such as 'seaduse all' (under the law). The correct usage heavily depends on whether a static location, motion, or a figurative state is being expressed, and the case of the preceding noun is crucial for accurate meaning.

常见错误

A common mistake is confusing 'all' with 'peal' (on top of) or 'taga' (behind). Remember the alligator going under for 'all'.

小贴士

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Kasutamine

Eesti keeles on 'all' prepositsioon, mis väljendab asukohta millegi all või madalamal. See on alati seotud genetiiviga (kelle? mille?). Näiteks: 'laua all' (under the table), 'vee all' (under water), 'põranda all' (under the floor).

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Tavalised vead

Sageli aetakse segamini 'all' ja 'alla'. 'All' väljendab staatilist asukohta (kus?), samas kui 'alla' väljendab liikumist (kuhu?). Näiteks: 'Koer magab laua all' (The dog is sleeping under the table) versus 'Koer läks laua alla' (The dog went under the table). Samuti tuleb meeles pidada, et 'all' ei kasutata ajutises kontekstis, vaid pigem füüsilises asukohas.

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Näited ja nüansid

Lisaks füüsilisele asukohale võib 'all' viidata ka millegi mõju või kontrolli all olemisele. Näiteks: 'Seadusandluse all' (under legislation), 'surve all' (under pressure). On oluline märkida, et eesti keeles on ka teisi sarnaseid prepositsioone, näiteks 'alt' (millegi alt välja tulek) ja 'alune' (omadussõna, mis kirjeldab midagi allpool olevat).

词源

From Proto-Finnic *ala. Cognates include Finnish ala, Votic ala, Livonian alā, and Sami vuol.

文化背景

In Estonian culture, the concept of 'all' (under or below something) carries practical and metaphorical significance. Geographically, Estonia's flat landscape and numerous bogs mean that 'all' often relates to natural formations and hidden depths. For instance, 'maa all' (underground) might evoke images of root cellars for food storage, a common practice in rural homes, or the mysterious world beneath the earth described in folklore. Historically, 'all' could refer to being under foreign rule, a recurring theme in Estonia's past, symbolizing oppression or a period of subjugation. Conversely, being 'all' someone's protection ('kellegi kaitse all') signifies security and care. In social contexts, it can denote a subordinate position, as in 'juhi all' (under the manager). The phrase 'vesi voolab sildade alt' (water flows under the bridges) is a common idiom, akin to 'water under the bridge,' implying that past events are over and done with, reflecting a pragmatic cultural attitude towards moving forward.

记忆技巧

Imagine an 'all'-igator swimming ALL the way under the water. This helps you remember that 'all' means under or below.

常见问题

4 个问题

In Estonian, 'all' translates to 'under' or 'below something.' It functions as a postposition, indicating a spatial relationship where one object is positioned beneath another. For instance, 'laua all' means 'under the table.' It can also be used metaphorically to describe being 'under' a certain condition or influence.

'All' is typically used after the noun or pronoun it modifies. The noun it refers to is usually in the genitive case. For example, 'puu all' means 'under the tree,' where 'puu' is in the genitive. Another example is 'teksti all,' which means 'under the text.' It's a common and versatile word for expressing position.

While its primary meaning is 'under' or 'below,' 'all' can also convey other nuances depending on the context. For example, it can describe being 'under' someone's command or authority, as in 'tema all tööle' (to work under him). It can also indicate being 'under' a process or state, such as 'ehituse all' (under construction).

Yes, 'all' appears in several common Estonian phrases. One example is 'jala all,' meaning 'underfoot' or 'in the way.' Another is 'omaette all,' which translates to 'on its own' or 'separately.' These phrases demonstrate the word's flexibility and integration into everyday language.

自我测试

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Kass magab laua ______.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
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Peitusin vihma eest puu ______.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
fill blank

Raamat on riiuli ______.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：

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