خشک کردن 30秒了解
- A basic compound verb meaning 'to dry' something. Essential for daily chores like laundry, dishes, and personal hygiene.
- Consists of 'khoshk' (dry) and 'kardan' (to do/make). Always requires an object (transitive).
- Culturally significant in Iran for drying herbs and fruits (sabzi khoshk, miveh khoshk).
- Must be distinguished from 'khoshk shodan' (to become dry), which is the intransitive version.
The Persian verb خشک کردن (khoshk kardan) is a fundamental compound verb that every learner must master early in their journey. At its most basic level, it translates to 'to dry' or 'to make something dry.' It is composed of the adjective khoshk (dry) and the light verb kardan (to do/make). This structure is characteristic of the Persian language, where most actions are expressed by combining a noun or adjective with a functional verb. You will encounter this word in a vast array of daily scenarios, ranging from the mundane chores of a household to the complex processes of industrial food preservation. Whether you are talking about drying your hands after washing them, drying your hair with a blow-dryer, or the sun drying the earth after a heavy spring rain in Tehran, this is the verb you need.
- Literal Meaning
- The term literally means 'to perform dryness' or 'to cause a state of dryness.' It is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object—you must be drying 'something.'
- Common Usage
- It is used most frequently in domestic contexts: drying dishes (zarf-ha), drying clothes (lebas-ha), or drying one's body (badan) after a shower. It is also the standard term used in the culinary arts for dehydrating fruits and herbs, a very common practice in Iranian culture.
لطفاً قبل از نشستن، صندلی را با دستمال خشک کنید.
In a broader sense, خشک کردن is applied to environmental and technical contexts. In agriculture, it refers to the process of drying crops or the unfortunate event of a water source being dried up by human intervention (though 'khoshk shodan' is more common for the natural process, 'khoshk kardan' implies an active agent). In the arts, it refers to drying paint or ink. Understanding the versatility of this verb allows you to transition from simple A1 sentences to complex descriptions of Iranian traditions, such as making 'miveh khoshk' (dried fruit), which is a staple snack during the Persian New Year (Nowruz) and long winter nights (Yalda).
مادربزرگ همیشه سبزیهای تازه را در سایه خشک میکند.
- Transitivity Note
- Always remember that khoshk kardan is the active form. If a river dries up on its own, we use khoshk shodan. If a person drains the river, they are khoshk kardan the river. This distinction is vital for grammatical accuracy.
او موهایش را با سشوار خشک کرد.
Finally, the verb can be used metaphorically in literature and formal speech. To 'dry' a source of income or to 'dry' the tears of a child are evocative uses that elevate your Persian from basic to intermediate. However, for a beginner, focusing on the physical removal of moisture is the most practical starting point. Whether it's the laundry on a balcony in North Tehran or the salt flats in central Iran, 'khoshk kardan' is the action that defines the transition from wet to dry.
Using خشک کردن correctly involves understanding the structure of Persian compound verbs. The main meaning is carried by the adjective khoshk, while the grammatical work—tense, person, and mood—is handled by kardan. Because it is a transitive verb, you will almost always use the object marker râ (را) after the noun being dried, unless the noun is indefinite. For example, 'I dried the clothes' becomes Lebâs-hâ râ khoshk kardam. If you are just 'doing drying' in a general sense, the râ might be omitted, but in 90% of daily speech, you are drying a specific object.
- Present Tense
- To conjugate in the present continuous, you use the prefix mi- with the present stem of kardan, which is kon. Example: Man dâram dast-hâyam râ khoshk mi-konam (I am drying my hands).
- Past Tense
- The past stem is kard. Example: Diruz miveh-hâ râ khoshk kardim (Yesterday we dried the fruits).
باید صورتت را با یک حوله تمیز خشک کنی.
One nuance to watch for is the placement of adverbs. Words like khub (well) or kâmelan (completely) often sit between khoshk and kardan in informal speech, though they usually precede the whole verb in formal writing. For instance, Khoshk-esh kon (Dry it) is a very common command. The use of the pronominal suffix -esh attached to khoshk is a hallmark of colloquial Persian.
خورشید لباسها را سریع خشک کرد.
- Negative Form
- The negative prefix na- attaches to the light verb: khoshk na-kardam (I did not dry). Be careful not to put the 'na' before 'khoshk'.
چرا ظرفها را خشک نکردی؟
In summary, the key to using خشک کردن is treating it as a single unit for meaning but two units for grammar. The object marker râ is your best friend here, as it clarifies exactly what is being subjected to the drying process. As you advance, try using it with different tools: bâ dâst-mâl (with a napkin), bâ soshvâr (with a hairdryer), or dar âftâb (in the sun).
In the daily life of an Iranian, خشک کردن is a verb that echoes through various environments. If you are staying with a host family in Iran, you will hear it every time a meal ends. The process of washing dishes (zarf shostan) is invariably followed by the request to dry them. You might hear: Man mishoram, to khoshk kon (I'll wash, you dry). This is the quintessential domestic use of the word. In the bathrooms of Iranian homes, you will often find a huleh (towel) specifically for dast khoshk kardan (drying hands).
- The Bazaar and Kitchen
- Visit any traditional bazaar, and you will see the results of this verb everywhere. From miveh khoshk (dried fruit) like apricots and figs to sabzi khoshk (dried herbs), the act of drying is a major part of the Persian economy. Shopkeepers might explain that they 'dry these fruits naturally in the sun' (in miveh-hâ râ dar âftâb khoshk mikonim).
نانوایی نانهای اضافه را خشک میکند تا هدر نرود.
Another place you will frequently hear this word is at the ârâyeshgâh (hair salon or barbershop). After a haircut and wash, the stylist will ask if you want them to dry your hair: Mukhâyetân râ khoshk konam? This is a polite and standard service. Similarly, at a car wash (kârvâsh), the final stage of the service is khoshk kardan-e moshin, where workers use large cloths to ensure no water spots remain on the vehicle.
او همیشه گلهای رز را برای یادگاری خشک میکند.
- News and Environment
- On the news, you might hear about environmental issues. While khoshk shodan (drying up) is used for Lake Urmia, activists might accuse certain policies of khoshk kardan-e tâlâbhâ (drying the wetlands) through mismanagement. Here, the verb takes on a more serious, accusatory tone.
Whether you are at a pool, a kitchen, a farm, or a salon, خشک کردن is the word that bridges the gap between a wet state and a ready state. It is an active, productive verb that implies care, preparation, or sometimes, unfortunately, environmental impact. Paying attention to how Iranians use it in these different settings will help you understand the rhythm of daily life in Iran.
For English speakers, the most frequent mistake when using خشک کردن is confusing it with its passive/intransitive counterpart, khoshk shodan. In English, the word 'dry' can be both transitive ('I dry the towel') and intransitive ('The towel dries'). In Persian, these are two distinct verbs. If you say Man khoshk shodam, you are saying 'I became dry' (perhaps after being in the sun), whereas Man khoshk kardam would mean 'I dried [something],' and without an object, it sounds incomplete.
- Mistake 1: Omitting the Object Marker
- Incorrect: Dastam khoshk kardam. Correct: Dastam râ khoshk kardam. Because you are drying a specific part of your body, the 'râ' is mandatory. Skipping it is a classic sign of a beginner.
- Mistake 2: Misplacing the Negative 'Na'
- Incorrect: Na-khoshk kardam. Correct: Khoshk na-kardam. In Persian compound verbs, the negation prefix always goes on the second part (the light verb), not the adjective.
اشتباه: لباسها خشک کردند. (غلط - لباسها خودشان را خشک نمیکنند!)
Another common error is using khoshk kardan when you actually mean 'to wipe' (pâk kardan). While drying often involves wiping, they are not synonymous. If you are cleaning a spill, you pâk mikonid. If you are removing moisture from a clean object to make it usable, you khoshk mikonid. Using the wrong one can lead to confusion about whether you are cleaning or just drying.
درست: من زمین را خشک کردم. (من کار را انجام دادم)
Lastly, be careful with the word khoshkândan. This is a causative form of the verb. It is much more formal and often used in literary or scientific contexts (e.g., 'to desiccate'). For 99% of your conversations, khoshk kardan is the safer and more natural choice. Overusing khoshkândan can make you sound like a textbook rather than a person.
While خشک کردن is the most common way to say 'to dry,' Persian offers several nuances depending on the context. Understanding these alternatives will help you sound more like a native speaker and allow you to express yourself with greater precision. The most important distinction is between the 'making dry' and 'becoming dry,' but there are also specific verbs for different types of drying.
- Khoshkândan (خشکاندن)
- This is the causative form. It is often used when talking about drying up a source of water, like a well or a spring, or in a more clinical/scientific sense. It implies a more thorough or forceful drying than khoshk kardan.
- Nam-giri kardan (نمگیری کردن)
- Literally 'to take the moisture.' This is used when something isn't soaking wet, but just damp. You might nam-giri a wall or a piece of cloth that is slightly moist.
او با دستمال نمِ میز را گرفت.
In the context of food, you might hear âb-giri kardan (to take the water out). This is specifically used when you are straining vegetables or fruits to remove excess water before cooking or drying them. While khoshk kardan is the final goal (dehydration), âb-giri is the process of removing the liquid. For example, when making salad, you âb-giri the lettuce so the dressing doesn't get watery.
برای پختن کباب، باید آبِ پیاز را بگیرید.
Finally, consider the verb atvâ kardan (to iron). While its primary meaning is to remove wrinkles, the heat of the iron also dries the clothes. In some contexts, if someone says they are going to 'dry and iron' the clothes, they are using two related but distinct actions. Knowing these alternatives allows you to be more descriptive. Instead of just saying 'I dried the table,' you could say 'I took the dampness off the table,' which sounds much more natural in a home setting.
How Formal Is It?
趣味小知识
The word 'khoshk' is cognate with the Sanskrit 'śuṣka', both meaning dry. This shows the deep historical roots of the Persian language within the Indo-European family.
发音指南
- Pronouncing 'kh' as a simple 'k'. It must be fricative.
- Putting stress on 'khoshk'. The stress belongs to the end of the compound.
- Blending the two words too much; they should be distinct but linked.
- Mispronouncing the 'o' in khoshk as an 'u' like in 'bush'. It is closer to 'o' in 'host'.
- Forgetting the 'n' at the end of the infinitive.
难度评级
Easy to recognize because 'khoshk' is a common word.
Requires correct conjugation of 'kardan' and use of 'ra'.
Simple to pronounce once you master the 'kh' sound.
Commonly heard in household contexts.
接下来学什么
前置知识
接下来学习
高级
需要掌握的语法
Compound Verb Structure
Adjective (khoshk) + Light Verb (kardan).
Direct Object Marker
Use 'ra' when the object is definite: 'Lebas ra khoshk kardam'.
Negation
Prefix 'na-' goes on 'kardan': 'khoshk nakardam'.
Present Continuous
Use 'dashtan' + 'mi-': 'Daram khoshk mikonam'.
Imperative
Remove 'mi-' and add 'be-' (optional): 'Khoshk (be)kon'.
按水平分级的例句
من دستهایم را خشک میکنم.
I am drying my hands.
Present continuous tense.
لطفاً ظرفها را خشک کن.
Please dry the dishes.
Imperative (command) form.
او موهایش را خشک کرد.
He dried his hair.
Simple past tense.
آیا حوله را خشک کردی؟
Did you dry the towel?
Question in simple past.
من باید صورتم را خشک کنم.
I must dry my face.
Subjunctive with 'must'.
مادرم لباسها را خشک میکند.
My mother is drying the clothes.
Present habitual tense.
میز را با دستمال خشک کن.
Dry the table with a napkin.
Imperative with preposition 'bâ'.
آنها میوهها را خشک کردند.
They dried the fruits.
Simple past, plural subject.
آفتاب لباسها را سریع خشک کرد.
The sun dried the clothes quickly.
Adverb 'sari' (fast) used with the verb.
باد زمین را خشک میکند.
The wind dries the ground.
Natural agent as subject.
میخواهم این گل را خشک کنم.
I want to dry this flower.
Future intent with 'mikhoham'.
او بشقابها را یکییکی خشک کرد.
He dried the plates one by one.
Distributive adverb 'yeki-yeki'.
نباید نان را در کیسه خشک کنی.
You shouldn't dry the bread in a bag.
Negative modal 'nabâyad'.
چرا کفشهایت را خشک نکردی؟
Why didn't you dry your shoes?
Negative question in past tense.
ما سبزیها را برای زمستان خشک میکنیم.
We dry herbs for the winter.
Purpose phrase 'barâye zemestân'.
او با سشوار کفشهایش را خشک کرد.
He dried his shoes with a hairdryer.
Instrumental preposition 'bâ'.
کشاورزان انگورها را برای تولید کشمش خشک میکنند.
Farmers dry grapes to produce raisins.
Complex purpose clause.
قبل از رنگ کردن، باید سطح دیوار را کاملاً خشک کنید.
Before painting, you must dry the wall surface completely.
Temporal clause 'ghabl az'.
او سعی کرد اشکهایش را با آستینش خشک کند.
She tried to dry her tears with her sleeve.
Compound verb 'sa'y kardan' with subjunctive.
مادربزرگم همیشه نعنا را در سایه خشک میکند تا رنگش نرود.
My grandmother always dries mint in the shade so its color doesn't fade.
Conditional/Result clause.
این دستگاه میتواند میوهها را در چند ساعت خشک کند.
This machine can dry fruits in a few hours.
Modal 'tavânestan' (can).
آنها زمینهای کشاورزی را برای ساخت و ساز خشک کردند.
They dried the agricultural lands for construction.
Context of land development.
آیا میتوانیم این چای سبز را در خانه خشک کنیم؟
Can we dry this green tea at home?
Interrogative modal.
او با دقت نامهها را خشک کرد تا جوهر پخش نشود.
He carefully dried the letters so the ink wouldn't smudge.
Adverbial phrase 'bâ deghat'.
سیاستهای غلط باعث شد که آنها تالاب را خشک کنند.
Wrong policies caused them to dry up the wetland.
Causative structure with 'bâ'es shodan'.
نویسنده قبل از بستن دفتر، جوهر را خشک کرد.
The author dried the ink before closing the notebook.
Literary context.
دولت سعی دارد منابع مالی مخالفان را خشک کند.
The government is trying to dry up the financial resources of the opposition.
Metaphorical usage.
آنها با حفر چاههای عمیق، قناتهای منطقه را خشک کردند.
By digging deep wells, they dried up the region's qanats.
Gerund-like structure 'bâ hafr-e'.
او با بیتوجهی، چشمهی محبت همسرش را خشک کرد.
With inattention, he dried up the spring of his wife's affection.
Poetic/Metaphorical usage.
باید ریشهی این فساد را خشک کنیم.
We must dry the root of this corruption.
Idiomatic expression 'risheh khoshk kardan'.
آنها تمام رطوبت اتاق را با دستگاه خشک کردند.
They dried all the moisture in the room with a device.
Technical context.
او پس از شنا، بدنش را با حولهای بزرگ خشک کرد.
After swimming, he dried his body with a large towel.
Complex temporal phrase.
مورخان معتقدند که تغییر اقلیم تمدنهای باستانی را با خشک کردن رودخانهها نابود کرد.
Historians believe that climate change destroyed ancient civilizations by drying up rivers.
Academic/Historical context.
هنرمند با استفاده از حرارت، لایههای رنگ را خشک کرد تا لایهی جدیدی اضافه کند.
The artist used heat to dry the paint layers to add a new layer.
Professional artistic context.
او با کلام تلخش، آخرین امیدهای مرا خشک کرد.
With his bitter words, he dried my last hopes.
Abstract literary usage.
فرآیند خشک کردن انجمادی باعث حفظ ویتامینهای میوه میشود.
The freeze-drying process causes the preservation of fruit vitamins.
Scientific terminology.
آنها با سدسازی غیر اصولی، پاییندست رودخانه را خشک کردند.
With unprincipled dam construction, they dried the downstream of the river.
Environmental/Political context.
نویسنده در این داستان، به خشک کردن تدریجی احساسات انسانی در جوامع مدرن میپردازد.
In this story, the author addresses the gradual drying of human emotions in modern societies.
Literary criticism context.
او با مهارت تمام، گلهای وحشی را برای موزهی گیاهشناسی خشک کرد.
With total skill, he dried the wildflowers for the botanical museum.
Specialized professional context.
تحریمها باعث خشک کردن رگهای حیاتی اقتصاد کشور شده است.
Sanctions have caused the drying of the country's economic vital veins.
Economic/Political metaphor.
استبداد همواره تلاش میکند تا چشمههای تفکر آزاد را در جامعه خشک کند.
Tyranny always strives to dry up the springs of free thought in society.
High-level political philosophy.
در متون کهن، خشک کردن نیل به معنای قحطی و نابودی پادشاهی بود.
In ancient texts, drying the Nile meant famine and the destruction of the kingdom.
Archaic/Historical reference.
او با ریاضت، امیال نفسانی خود را خشک کرد.
Through asceticism, he dried up his carnal desires.
Mystical/Sufi context.
فرآیند مومیایی کردن شامل خشک کردن کامل بافتهای بدن با استفاده از نمکهای خاص بود.
The mummification process involved the complete drying of body tissues using special salts.
Archaeological/Technical detail.
شاعر با استعارهای بدیع، اشکهای ابر را بر گونهی زمین خشک کرد.
With a novel metaphor, the poet dried the cloud's tears on the earth's cheek.
Advanced literary analysis.
خشک کردن منابع آب زیرزمینی، بحرانی بازگشتناپذیر برای فلات ایران است.
Drying up groundwater resources is an irreversible crisis for the Iranian plateau.
Scientific/Environmental urgency.
او با نگاهی سرد، لبخند را بر لبان میهمانان خشک کرد.
With a cold look, he dried the smile on the guests' lips.
Idiomatic/Literary nuance.
در این آزمایش شیمیایی، باید محلول را تحت خلاء خشک کنیم.
In this chemical experiment, we must dry the solution under vacuum.
Advanced scientific context.
常见搭配
常用短语
容易混淆的词
This means 'to become dry' (passive). Use it when something dries on its own.
This means 'to clean' or 'to wipe'. You can wipe a table without drying it, or dry it without cleaning it.
The exact opposite: to make something wet.
习语与表达
— To completely destroy or eradicate something from its source.
آنها ریشه فساد را در اداره خشک کردند.
Formal/Political— To suddenly make someone stop being happy or laughing, usually by saying something shocking.
خبر بد لبخند را بر لبانش خشک کرد.
Literary— To comfort someone so they stop crying.
مادر اشکهای کودک را خشک کرد.
Neutral— To exhaust a resource completely.
او با ولخرجی چشمه ثروتش را خشک کرد.
Metaphorical— To make someone hold their breath in fear or awe.
ابهت کوه نفس را در سینهاش خشک کرد.
Poetic— Before the ink has even dried (referring to a promise or contract being broken quickly).
هنوز جوهر قرارداد خشک نشده، زیر قولش زد.
Formal— To be extremely worried (the active version 'khoshk kardan' is not used here, but the root is the same).
آب در دلش خشک شد.
Informal— To cut off the most important supplies or connections.
تحریمها رگهای حیاتی تجارت را خشک کردند.
Political— Can sometimes mean to leave someone with nothing.
قمارباز زمین را خشک کرد و رفت.
Slang容易混淆
It also means to dry.
It is causative and much more formal/scientific.
او چشمه را خشکاند.
Both involve removing moisture with heat.
Berêshteh kardan means to toast or crisp, usually food.
نان را برشته کردم.
Relates to plants losing moisture.
This means to make something wither or wilt.
گرما گل را پلاسیده کرد.
Involves water and food.
This means to drain or rinse (like rice).
برنج را آبکش کردم.
Technical term for drying.
It is a noun meaning 'dehumidification'.
دستگاه نمزدایی.
句型
[Subject] [Object] را خشک کرد.
من دستم را خشک کردم.
لطفاً [Object] را خشک کن.
لطفاً ظرف را خشک کن.
[Natural Force] [Object] را خشک کرد.
آفتاب زمین را خشک کرد.
[Subject] با [Tool] [Object] را خشک کرد.
او با سشوار مویش را خشک کرد.
[Subject] برای [Purpose] [Object] را خشک میکند.
او برای زمستان نعنا خشک میکند.
باید [Object] را قبل از [Action] خشک کرد.
باید دیوار را قبل از رنگ کردن خشک کرد.
[Subject] با [Action] [Abstract Object] را خشک کرد.
او با بیادبی لبخند را بر لبانم خشک کرد.
[Complex Subject] منجر به خشک کردن [Object] شد.
سدسازی منجر به خشک کردن تالاب شد.
词族
名词
动词
形容词
相关
如何使用
Very high in domestic and agricultural contexts.
-
من لباس خشک کردم.
→
من لباس را خشک کردم.
Missing the definite object marker 'ra'.
-
خورشید خشک شد.
→
خورشید خشک کرد.
Using the passive 'shodan' instead of the active 'kardan' when the sun is the agent.
-
نخشک کردم.
→
خشک نکردم.
Putting the negative prefix on the adjective instead of the verb.
-
من موهایم را خشک شدم.
→
من موهایم را خشک کردم.
Confusing 'became dry' with 'made dry'.
-
او میوه را خشکاند.
→
او میوه را خشک کرد.
Using the overly formal 'khoshkandan' for a simple kitchen task.
小贴士
The Light Verb Rule
Always conjugate 'kardan' and leave 'khoshk' alone. This applies to hundreds of Persian verbs.
Sun Drying
In Iran, drying things in the sun is considered better and more natural than using a machine.
Body Parts
When drying body parts, always use the possessive suffix: 'dastam ra' (my hand), 'suratat ra' (your face).
Colloquialism
In Tehran, 'mikonam' often sounds like 'mikunam'. Don't be confused by the vowel shift.
Compound Spacing
In modern Persian typing, use a half-space (z-fase) between 'khoshk' and 'kardan' in some contexts, though a full space is standard.
Imperative Clues
If you hear 'khoshk kon', someone wants you to take action immediately.
Don't say 'Khoshk shodam'
Unless you mean you literally turned into a dry statue! Use 'khoshk kardam' if you performed the action.
Wiping vs Drying
If the goal is to remove water, use 'khoshk kardan'. If the goal is to remove dirt, use 'pak kardan'.
Herb Drying
Learning the names of herbs like 'na'na' (mint) or 'shereh' (dill) goes great with this verb.
Husk/Khoshk
Remember: A dry 'husk' is 'khoshk'.
记住它
记忆技巧
Think of the 'kh' sound as the sound of dry leaves crunching. You 'do' (kardan) the 'crunch' (khoshk) to make things dry.
视觉联想
Imagine a bright sun (the agent) shining on a wet shirt until it becomes a 'khoshk' (dry) shirt. The sun is 'kardan' (doing) the drying.
Word Web
挑战
Try to find three things in your room right now that you could dry, and say the sentence in Persian: 'Man [object] ra khoshk mikonam.'
词源
The word 'khoshk' comes from Middle Persian 'hušk', which traces back to Old Persian and Avestan 'huška-'. The verb 'kardan' is from Middle Persian 'kardan' and Old Persian 'karnau-', meaning to do or make.
原始含义： The root meaning has always been associated with the absence of water or the state of being parched.
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian branch.文化背景
Be careful when using 'khoshk' to describe a person's personality; it means they are stiff, formal, or unfriendly.
In English, we often use the word 'dry' for both the action and the state. In Persian, remember to keep 'khoshk kardan' for the action only.
在生活中练习
真实语境
In the Kitchen
- ظرفها را خشک کن
- دستمال کجاست؟
- میوه را خشک کردیم
- آب سبزی را بگیر
Doing Laundry
- لباسها خشک شدند؟
- باید آنها را خشک کنیم
- روی بند پهن کن
- آفتاب تند است
Personal Care
- سشوار کجاست؟
- موهایم را خشک میکنم
- حوله تمیز بده
- صورتم خیس است
Agriculture
- محصول را خشک کنید
- زمین تشنه است
- چاه را خشک کردند
- آبیاری لازم است
Art/Writing
- صبر کن رنگ خشک شود
- جوهر را خشک کرد
- قلممو را خشک کن
- کاغذ خیس شده
对话开场白
"آیا معمولاً موهایتان را با سشوار خشک میکنید؟ (Do you usually dry your hair with a hairdryer?)"
"در کشور شما، مردم چگونه لباسهایشان را خشک میکنند؟ (How do people in your country dry their clothes?)"
"آیا تا به حال سعی کردهاید در خانه میوه خشک کنید؟ (Have you ever tried to dry fruit at home?)"
"به نظر شما بهترین راه برای خشک کردن گلهای رز چیست؟ (What is the best way to dry roses in your opinion?)"
"چرا باید قبل از رنگ زدن، سطح را کاملاً خشک کرد؟ (Why must one dry the surface completely before painting?)"
日记主题
درباره یک روز بارانی بنویسید و اینکه چگونه بعد از رسیدن به خانه خودتان را خشک کردید. (Write about a rainy day and how you dried yourself after getting home.)
توضیح دهید که در فرهنگ شما چه غذاهایی را با خشک کردن نگهداری میکنند. (Explain what foods are preserved by drying in your culture.)
یک خاطره از کمک کردن در کارهای خانه و خشک کردن ظرفها تعریف کنید. (Tell a memory of helping with chores and drying dishes.)
درباره اهمیت خشک کردن دستها برای جلوگیری از بیماری بنویسید. (Write about the importance of drying hands to prevent illness.)
تصور کنید در بیابانی هستید؛ چگونه از خشک کردن بدنتان جلوگیری میکنید؟ (Imagine you are in a desert; how do you prevent yourself from drying out/dehydration?)
常见问题
10 个问题Yes, but usually it's 'ashk khoshk kardan' (drying tears). You wouldn't dry the eyeball itself unless in a medical context.
Yes, 'khoshk-kon'. You can have 'lebas khoshk-kon' (clothes dryer) or 'dast khoshk-kon' (hand dryer).
The past participle is 'khoshk kardeh'. Example: 'khoshk kardeh-am' (I have dried).
The verb is 'khoshk-shui kardan'. It is a different compound verb.
Not directly. You would use 'bahs ra tamâm kardan' (finish the discussion) or metaphors involving 'khoshk'.
Yes, 'nan-e khoshk' is dried bread, which is a specific type of crunchy bread in Iran.
Use 'ba soshvar khoshk kardan'.
Yes. 'Aftab lebas-ha ra khoshk mikonad' is perfectly correct.
If you call a person 'khoshk', it means they are very serious, unsocial, or lack a sense of humor.
Miveh-ye tazeh (fresh fruit).
自我测试 190 个问题
Write a sentence in Persian: 'I dried my hands with a towel.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence in Persian: 'Please dry the dishes.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence in Persian: 'The sun dries the clothes.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence in Persian: 'I am drying my hair with a hairdryer.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence in Persian: 'We dry herbs for the winter.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence in Persian: 'Why didn't you dry the table?'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence in Persian: 'She dried her tears.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence in Persian: 'He wants to dry the flowers.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence in Persian: 'The wind dried the ground quickly.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence in Persian: 'They dried the fruit in the sun.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Explain in Persian how to dry dishes.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write about the importance of 'khoshk-sali' in Iran.
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Describe the process of making 'miveh khoshk'.
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Write a formal request for someone to dry the floor.
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Write a short poem or sentence using 'khoshk kardan' metaphorically.
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Translate: 'Sanctions dried up the economy.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write 3 things you dry every day.
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Write a question asking if the paint is dry.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: 'Don't dry your clothes inside the room.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: 'The artist dried the ink carefully.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Say in Persian: 'I am drying the dishes.'
Read this aloud:
你说的：
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Ask a friend: 'Did you dry your hair?'
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你说的：
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Tell someone: 'Dry the floor, it's wet.'
Read this aloud:
你说的：
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Say: 'I like dried fruit.'
Read this aloud:
你说的：
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Ask: 'Where is the hairdryer? I want to dry my hair.'
Read this aloud:
你说的：
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Say: 'The sun dried everything.'
Read this aloud:
你说的：
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Tell a child: 'Dry your hands with this towel.'
Read this aloud:
你说的：
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Say: 'We are drying herbs for Ghormeh Sabzi.'
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你说的：
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Say: 'Don't cry, dry your eyes.'
Read this aloud:
你说的：
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Ask: 'How do you dry flowers?'
Read this aloud:
你说的：
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Say: 'The rain stopped and the wind dried the street.'
Read this aloud:
你说的：
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Say: 'I need to dry my clothes before the party.'
Read this aloud:
你说的：
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Say: 'The drought dried the lake.'
Read this aloud:
你说的：
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Ask: 'Can I dry my shoes here?'
Read this aloud:
你说的：
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Say: 'She is drying the table with a tissue.'
Read this aloud:
你说的：
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Say: 'The artist is drying the ink.'
Read this aloud:
你说的：
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Say: 'We dried the meat to keep it.'
Read this aloud:
你说的：
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Say: 'It's a good day to dry laundry.'
Read this aloud:
你说的：
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Say: 'Dry your feet before entering.'
Read this aloud:
你说的：
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Say: 'I dried the letter before sending it.'
Read this aloud:
你说的：
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Audio: 'من موهایم را خشک کردم.' What did the person dry?
Audio: 'لطفاً ظرفها را خشک کن.' What is the request?
Audio: 'آفتاب لباسها را خشک کرد.' What dried the clothes?
Audio: 'مادرم سبزی خشک میکند.' What is mother doing?
Audio: 'چرا دستهایت را خشک نکردی؟' Is this a question or a command?
Audio: 'باید ریشه فقر را خشک کنیم.' What is the speaker talking about?
Audio: 'با سشوار خشکش کن.' What tool should be used?
Audio: 'میوه خشک دوست داری؟' What is being offered?
Audio: 'باد زمین را خشک کرد.' What was the effect of the wind?
Audio: 'اشکهایش را خشک کرد.' What did she do?
Audio: 'دارم کفشم را خشک میکنم.' What is the person doing right now?
Audio: 'گلها را خشک کردیم.' Did they dry the flowers in the past or present?
Audio: 'باید دیوار را خشک کنید.' What needs to be dried?
Audio: 'خشکسالی رودخانه را خشک کرد.' What caused the river to dry?
Audio: 'نان را خشک نکن.' What is the instruction?
/ 190 correct
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Summary
The verb 'khoshk kardan' is the standard way to express the action of drying any object. It is a compound verb where 'khoshk' is the adjective and 'kardan' is the functional part. Example: 'Man lebas-ha ra khoshk kardam' (I dried the clothes).
- A basic compound verb meaning 'to dry' something. Essential for daily chores like laundry, dishes, and personal hygiene.
- Consists of 'khoshk' (dry) and 'kardan' (to do/make). Always requires an object (transitive).
- Culturally significant in Iran for drying herbs and fruits (sabzi khoshk, miveh khoshk).
- Must be distinguished from 'khoshk shodan' (to become dry), which is the intransitive version.
The Light Verb Rule
Always conjugate 'kardan' and leave 'khoshk' alone. This applies to hundreds of Persian verbs.
Sun Drying
In Iran, drying things in the sun is considered better and more natural than using a machine.
Body Parts
When drying body parts, always use the possessive suffix: 'dastam ra' (my hand), 'suratat ra' (your face).
Colloquialism
In Tehran, 'mikonam' often sounds like 'mikunam'. Don't be confused by the vowel shift.
例句
لطفا دستهایت را خشک کن.
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