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B1 noun #4,000 最常用 6分钟阅读

مکاتبه

makâtebe
开始练习 例句 笔记与提示 مکاتبه 30秒了解
解析 مکاتبه in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'Mokaatabeh' yourself, but you might see it in simple contexts like a post office or a school. Think of it simply as 'writing letters'. At this stage, focus on the root 'K-T-B' which you already know from 'Ketab' (book). If someone says 'Mokaatabeh', just know they are talking about letters going back and forth. You won't be expected to use it in daily conversation, as simpler words like 'Nameh' (letter) or 'Neveshtan' (to write) are much more common for beginners. Imagine a postman delivering a bundle of letters; that bundle represents the concept of correspondence. In your first few months of Persian, just recognize that this word exists in the world of formal writing and offices. You might see it on a button on a website that says 'Contact Us' or 'Correspondence'. It is a big word for a simple idea: sending and receiving written messages. Don't worry about the complex grammar yet; just link the sound 'Mokaatabeh' with the image of a mailbox or an email inbox.
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As an A2 learner, you are starting to understand more about how Persian works. You might encounter 'Mokaatabeh' when reading about famous people or in basic news stories. At this level, you should be able to recognize that it is a noun. You might see sentences like 'U ba dostash mokaatabeh mikonad' (He corresponds with his friend). While you can still use 'Nameh minevisad' (He writes a letter), using 'Mokaatabeh' shows you understand that communication is a two-way street. You should start to notice the difference between just 'writing' and 'corresponding'. Correspondence implies that you write, they reply, and you write again. It’s like a conversation but on paper or screen. You might also see it in the context of 'Mokaatabeh-ye edari' (office correspondence) if you are looking at business Persian. Start trying to spot this word in the wild—on official websites or in the signatures of formal emails. It’s a great 'bridge' word that helps you move from basic vocabulary to a more 'grown-up' sounding Persian. Remember, it's always better to use a simple word correctly than a complex word incorrectly, so keep using 'Nameh' for friends, but keep 'Mokaatabeh' in your back pocket for when you want to sound more serious.
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At the B1 (Intermediate) level, 'Mokaatabeh' becomes a very useful part of your vocabulary. This is the stage where you start dealing with more 'real-world' situations like applying for a job, contacting a university, or reading the news. You should be able to use 'Mokaatabeh' in compound verbs like 'Mokaatabeh kardan' (to correspond) and 'Mokaatabeh dashtan' (to have correspondence). You will also start to use the plural form 'Mokaatabat' to refer to a whole set of emails or letters. For example, if you are explaining a problem to a customer service representative, you might say: 'Man ghablan dar in mored mokaatabeh kardam' (I have corresponded about this before). This sounds much more professional than saying 'I wrote a message'. You should also be aware of the 'Ta'arof' or politeness associated with this word. Using it acknowledges that the other person is part of a formal process. You'll find it in phrases like 'Mokaatabat-e bazargani' (business correspondence). At B1, you are expected to handle these standard professional terms. Practice using it when you describe your professional life or your studies. It’s a key word for anyone who wants to work or study in a Persian-speaking environment.
By B2, you should be comfortable using 'Mokaatabeh' in a variety of nuanced contexts. You understand that it’s not just about the act of writing, but about the formal record of communication. You can use it to discuss historical archives, legal requirements, or complex business negotiations. At this level, you should be able to distinguish between 'Mokaatabeh' and its synonyms like 'Mrasaleh' or 'Nameh-negari'. You might use it in more complex sentence structures: 'Mokaatabeh ba vezarat-khaneh zamantabar ast' (Corresponding with the ministry is time-consuming). You also understand the stylistic implications of using an Arabic-root word like 'Mokaatabeh' versus a Persian-root word. You can use it as a noun to describe a whole system: 'System-e mokaatabat-e ma digital ast' (Our correspondence system is digital). You should also be able to recognize and use it in the passive voice or in formal reports. B2 learners should feel confident using this word in essays, formal emails, and debates about communication. It’s no longer just a vocabulary item; it’s a tool for professional and academic expression. You might also start noticing how it’s used in literature to describe the famous letters between historical figures.
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At the C1 (Advanced) level, you are exploring the fine details of the word. You understand the 'Mufa'ala' pattern deeply and can see how 'Mokaatabeh' relates to other words like 'Mokalemeh' (conversation) or 'Mosharekat' (participation). You can use 'Mokaatabeh' to discuss abstract concepts like 'Mokaatabe-ye zehni' (mental correspondence/connection) or use it metaphorically. Your use of the word is perfectly timed and placed within the correct register. You can analyze the 'Mokaatabat' of a famous author like Sadegh Hedayat and discuss the tone, the use of 'Ta'arof', and the historical context. You are also aware of the legal weight that 'Mokaatabeh' carries in Iranian law—where a written exchange can be as binding as a contract. You can write high-level reports where 'Mokaatabeh' is used to track the flow of information through an organization. At this level, you don't just know the word; you know the culture of writing that surrounds it. You can switch between 'Mokaatabeh' and 'Nameh-negari' to achieve different stylistic effects in your writing. You are a master of the formal Persian register, and 'Mokaatabeh' is a staple in your linguistic toolkit.
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At the C2 (Mastery) level, 'Mokaatabeh' is a word you use with total precision and stylistic flair. You can engage in high-level diplomatic or academic discourse where the nuances of 'Mokaatabat' are debated. You understand the historical evolution of the term from classical Persian texts to modern administrative law. You can use it in highly formal settings, such as drafting official state documents or academic papers on linguistics. You might explore the 'Mokaatabat' of Sufi masters, where the word takes on a spiritual dimension of communication between the soul and the divine. You are capable of identifying subtle errors in others' use of the word and can suggest more appropriate alternatives based on the specific micro-context. For you, 'Mokaatabeh' is part of a vast network of related terms, and you choose it because it perfectly captures the reciprocal, formal, and documented nature of the exchange you are describing. You can handle the most complex plural forms and administrative idioms involving the word. Your command of the word is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker, whether you are discussing the latest digital encryption for 'Mokaatabat' or the handwritten scrolls of the Safavid era.
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开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

مکاتبه 30秒了解

  • Mokaatabeh means formal written correspondence.
  • It implies a two-way exchange of letters or emails.
  • Commonly used in business, law, and academic settings.
  • The plural 'Mokaatabat' refers to a collection of messages.

The Persian word مکاتبه (Mokaatabeh) is a sophisticated noun that translates primarily to 'correspondence' or the act of communicating through written exchanges, such as letters, emails, or formal documents. Derived from the Arabic root K-T-B (related to writing), it follows the Mufa'ala pattern, which in linguistic terms signifies a reciprocal action between two or more parties. Therefore, مکاتبه is not just the act of writing; it is the act of writing to each other. In modern Persian, while people might use simple words like 'payam' (message) for texting, مکاتبه remains the standard for professional, academic, and official contexts. It implies a certain level of formality and duration—a single note isn't usually called a مکاتبه, but a series of emails regarding a contract certainly is.

Formal Communication
In the Iranian administrative system, every official request or response is part of a larger chain of مکاتبه. If you are applying for a visa or dealing with a university, you are engaging in formal correspondence.
Historical Context
Historically, Persian literature is rich with مکاتبات (the plural form) between kings, scholars, and poets. These archives provide insight into the diplomatic and intellectual history of the region.
Digital Age Usage
Even though we now use 'Email', the process of back-and-forth professional emailing is still referred to as مکاتبات اداری (administrative correspondence).

ما ماه‌ها با آن شرکت در حال مکاتبه بودیم تا به توافق رسیدیم.

Translation: We were in correspondence with that company for months until we reached an agreement.

تمام مکاتبات باید به صورت کتبی ثبت شوند.

Translation: All correspondence must be recorded in writing.

او از طریق مکاتبه با اساتید خارجی، بورسیه گرفت.

Translation: He obtained a scholarship through correspondence with foreign professors.

آیا شما هنوز با دوستان قدیمی خود مکاتبه دارید؟

Translation: Do you still correspond with your old friends?

واحد مکاتبات در طبقه دوم قرار دارد.

Translation: The correspondence department is located on the second floor.

Understanding مکاتبه is essential for anyone moving beyond basic Persian into the world of business, law, or higher education. It represents the bridge between informal talk and formal commitment.

Using مکاتبه effectively requires understanding its role as a verbal noun. While it is a noun, it often pairs with specific verbs like dashtan (to have) or kardan (to do/conduct) to form compound verbal expressions. Because it implies a process, it is frequently used with prepositions like ba (with) to indicate the recipient of the communication.

With 'Dashtan' (To Have)
This describes an ongoing state of communication. 'Man ba u mokaatabeh daram' means 'I have (ongoing) correspondence with him/her.'
With 'Kardan' (To Do)
This focuses on the action. 'Ma mokaatabeh kardim' means 'We corresponded' or 'We exchanged letters.'
As a Subject
'Mokaatabeh behtarin rah ast' (Correspondence is the best way) treats the concept as the focus of the sentence.

لطفاً تمام مکاتبات قبلی را ضمیمه کنید.

Translation: Please attach all previous correspondence.

او از طریق مکاتبه، زبان انگلیسی را آموخت.

Translation: He learned English through correspondence.

بین دو کشور مکاتبات دیپلماتیک برقرار است.

Translation: Diplomatic correspondence is established between the two countries.

من وقت کافی برای مکاتبه با همه را ندارم.

Translation: I don't have enough time to correspond with everyone.

In more advanced usage, you might see مکاتبه used as an adjective-like noun in phrases such as 'dore-ye mokaatabe-i' (correspondence course). This highlights the versatility of the word across different domains of life.

If you are walking down a street in Tehran, you might not hear a teenager use مکاتبه while talking about a WhatsApp message. However, as soon as you step into a bank, a government office, or a university faculty room, the word becomes ubiquitous. It is the language of the 'Dastgah-e Edari' (Administrative System). You will hear it in news broadcasts discussing international relations, see it on signs in post offices, and read it in the 'Terms and Conditions' of Persian websites.

News & Media
News anchors often say: 'Vezarat-e Khareje dar hale mokaatabe ba sazemanhaye beynolmelali ast' (The Foreign Ministry is in the process of corresponding with international organizations).
Academic Environments
Professors use it when discussing the exchange of ideas between researchers: 'Mokaatabe-ye elmi' (Scientific correspondence).
Legal & Business
Lawyers will refer to 'Mokaatabat-e madrak' (Documentary correspondence) when building a case or verifying a contract.

شورای شهر با شهرداری در این زمینه مکاتبه کرده است.

Translation: The city council has corresponded with the municipality in this regard.

گزارش‌ها نشان‌دهنده مکاتبات محرمانه هستند.

Translation: Reports indicate confidential correspondence.

این سبک از مکاتبه در قرن نوزدهم رایج بود.

Translation: This style of correspondence was common in the 19th century.

In summary, مکاتبه is the word you use when the 'writing' matters for the record. It's the difference between a chat and a formal exchange.

While مکاتبه is a clear-cut term, learners often trip up on its specific register and its relationship with similar words like 'neveshtan' or 'payam'. Understanding the boundaries of this word will help you sound more like a native speaker and less like a translation dictionary.

Confusing with 'Mokalemeh'
Learners sometimes mix up Mokaatabeh (written correspondence) with Mokalemeh (oral conversation). Remember: Kaatabeh comes from Ketab (book/writing), while Kalameh comes from Kalam (word/speech).
One-Way Communication
Using Mokaatabeh for a single text message is a mistake. It implies an ongoing exchange. If you just sent one letter and never expect a reply, 'Nameh-negari' or 'Neveshtan' is more appropriate.
Overuse in Informal Settings
Telling a friend 'I had a mokaatabeh with you on Telegram' sounds incredibly stiff and robotic. Use 'Chat kardim' or 'Payam dadim' instead.

اشتباه: من با دوستم در واتس‌اپ مکاتبه می‌کنم.

Note: This is technically correct but socially awkward. It sounds like you are filing a legal report on your friend.

در مکاتبات رسمی، لحن بسیار مهم است.

Translation: In official correspondence, tone is very important.

By avoiding these pitfalls, you ensure that your use of مکاتبه adds the right level of professionalism to your Persian without making you sound like a 19th-century bureaucrat in the wrong context.

Persian is a language of nuances. Depending on who you are writing to and the medium you are using, you might want to choose a word other than مکاتبه. Here is a breakdown of synonyms and how they differ in register and meaning.

نامه نگاری (Nameh-negari)
This is a more 'Persian-rooted' alternative. It literally means 'letter-writing'. It feels more literary and personal than the Arabic-derived Mokaatabeh. Use this for pen-pals or traditional letters.
ارتباط (Ertebat)
Meaning 'connection' or 'communication', this is a broader term. While Mokaatabeh is strictly written, Ertebat can be phone calls, meetings, or signals.
مراسله (Morasaleh)
A very formal, slightly archaic synonym for Mokaatabeh. You will mostly find this in old books or very high-level legal documents.

تفاوت: مکاتبه (رسمی) vs نامه نگاری (ادبی/شخصی)

Comparison: Correspondence (Formal) vs Letter Writing (Literary/Personal)

او به نامه نگاری با پدربزرگش علاقه دارد.

Translation: He is interested in writing letters to his grandfather.

Choosing the right word shows your command of the Persian language's social hierarchies. مکاتبه is your safe bet for anything professional, while its alternatives allow for more emotional or general expression.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The 'Mufa'ala' pattern in Arabic is specifically designed for verbs where two people do the same thing to each other. This is why 'Mokaatabeh' (writing to each other) sounds like 'Mokalemeh' (speaking to each other).

发音指南

UK /mʊ.kɑː.tə.be/
US /moʊ.kɑː.tə.be/
The stress is typically on the final syllable 'be'.
押韵词
مشابه (Moshabeh) مطالبه (Motalebeh) مراقبه (Moraghebeh) محاسبه (Mohasebeh) مقابله (Moghabeleh) مبادله (Mobadeleh) مباحثه (Mobaheseh) مناقشه (Monagheshay)
常见错误
  • Pronouncing the final 'h' (it is silent).
  • Confusing the 'aa' with a short 'a'.
  • Mixing it up with 'Mokalemeh'.
  • Pronouncing 'K' as 'G'.
  • Forgetting the 'o' after 'm'.

难度评级

阅读 4/5

Easy to recognize if you know the K-T-B root, but formal fonts can make it tricky.

写作 6/5

Requires correct spelling of 't' (ta-ye-do-cheshm) and 'b'.

口语 5/5

Pronunciation is straightforward, but finding the right context is key.

听力 4/5

Clear pronunciation in news and formal speech.

接下来学什么

前置知识

کتاب (Book) نامه (Letter) نوشتن (To write) با (With) اداره (Office)

接下来学习

دبیرخانه (Secretariat) ابلاغیه (Notification) رونوشت (Transcript/Copy) ضمیمه (Attachment) درخواست (Request)

高级

مراسلات (Communications/Mail) کتابت (Scribing) انشاء (Composition) ترسل (Art of letter writing) دیوان (Chancery/Office)

需要掌握的语法

Compound Verbs with 'Kardan'

ما با آن‌ها مکاتبه کردیم. (We corresponded with them.)

Arabic Plural '-at'

مکاتبات (Correspondence - plural/collective).

Ezafe Construction in Noun Phrases

مکاتبه‌ی رسمی (Official correspondence).

Preposition 'Ba' for Interaction

مکاتبه با مدیر (Correspondence with the manager).

Gerund formation from Arabic roots

مکاتبه is a verbal noun (Masdar).

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按水平分级的例句

1

من با دوستم نامه می‌نویسم.

I write a letter with my friend.

A1 uses 'Nameh' (letter) instead of 'Mokaatabeh' for simplicity.

2

او به من نامه داد.

He gave me a letter.

Simple Subject + Object + Verb.

3

نامه کجاست؟

Where is the letter?

Simple question structure.

4

این یک نامه است.

This is a letter.

Basic demonstrative pronoun.

5

پستچی نامه آورد.

The postman brought a letter.

Past tense of 'avardan'.

6

من نامه را خواندم.

I read the letter.

Direct object with 'ra'.

7

او نامه می‌نویسد.

He is writing a letter.

Present continuous sense.

8

نامه‌های زیادی دارم.

I have many letters.

Plural 'ha' suffix.

1

ما با هم مکاتبه می‌کنیم.

We correspond with each other.

Introduction of the compound verb 'Mokaatabeh kardan'.

2

مکاتبه با ایمیل آسان است.

Correspondence by email is easy.

Using 'Mokaatabeh' as a subject.

3

او مکاتبه را دوست دارد.

He likes correspondence.

Noun as a direct object.

4

من با معلمم مکاتبه دارم.

I have correspondence with my teacher.

Using 'dashtan' to show ongoing status.

5

آیا شما مکاتبه می‌کنید؟

Do you correspond?

Formal 'shoma' with the verb.

6

مکاتبه راه خوبی برای یادگیری است.

Correspondence is a good way to learn.

Noun + Copula 'ast'.

7

او هر روز مکاتبه می‌کند.

He corresponds every day.

Adverb of frequency 'har ruz'.

8

ما مکاتبه را شروع کردیم.

We started the correspondence.

Simple past of 'shoru kardan'.

1

مکاتبات اداری باید دقیق باشند.

Administrative correspondence must be precise.

Plural 'Mokaatabat' with an adjective.

2

او از طریق مکاتبه با دانشگاه پذیرش گرفت.

He got admission through correspondence with the university.

Prepositional phrase 'az tarigh-e'.

3

من برای حل این مشکل مکاتبه خواهم کرد.

I will correspond to solve this problem.

Future tense 'khaham kardan'.

4

لطفاً مکاتبات قبلی را بررسی کنید.

Please check the previous correspondence.

Imperative form 'barresi konid'.

5

مکاتبه با این شرکت زمان‌بر است.

Corresponding with this company is time-consuming.

Compound adjective 'zaman-bar'.

6

او مسئول مکاتبات خارجی است.

He is responsible for foreign correspondence.

Noun phrase with 'mas'ul-e'.

7

تمام مکاتبات ما در پرونده موجود است.

All our correspondence is available in the file.

Adjective 'mowjud' (available).

8

آیا مکاتبه با او فایده‌ای دارد؟

Is there any benefit in corresponding with him?

Question with 'faydeh' (benefit).

1

مکاتبات دیپلماتیک بین دو کشور افزایش یافته است.

Diplomatic correspondence between the two countries has increased.

Present perfect 'afzayesh yafteh ast'.

2

او در مکاتبات خود بسیار مودب است.

He is very polite in his correspondence.

Possessive suffix 'khod'.

3

این مکاتبات نشان‌دهنده عمق روابط است.

This correspondence indicates the depth of relations.

Present participle 'neshan-dahandeh'.

4

باید تمام مکاتبات را به صورت کتبی نگه دارید.

You must keep all correspondence in written form.

Modal verb 'bayad' + subjunctive.

5

مکاتبه با وکیل برای این پرونده ضروری است.

Corresponding with a lawyer is necessary for this case.

Adjective 'zaruri' (necessary).

6

او سال‌ها با آن دانشمند مکاتبه داشت.

He had correspondence with that scientist for years.

Past continuous sense with 'dashtan'.

7

مکاتبات رسمی نباید حاوی غلط املایی باشند.

Official correspondence should not contain spelling errors.

Negative modal 'nabayad'.

8

او سبک خاصی در مکاتبات خود دارد.

He has a specific style in his correspondence.

Noun phrase 'sabk-e khas'.

1

مکاتبات محرمانه فاش شده‌اند.

Confidential correspondence has been leaked.

Passive voice 'fash shodeh-and'.

2

تحلیل مکاتبات تاریخی حقایق جدیدی را روشن کرد.

Analyzing historical correspondence clarified new facts.

Gerund 'tahlil' (analyzing) as subject.

3

او در مکاتبه با مقامات، از لحن تندی استفاده کرد.

He used a harsh tone in correspondence with authorities.

Prepositional phrase 'az lahne tond'.

4

مکاتبه، ابزاری برای تبادل اندیشه‌های فلسفی است.

Correspondence is a tool for exchanging philosophical ideas.

Appositive structure.

5

این مکاتبات گویای وضعیت بحرانی آن زمان است.

This correspondence is indicative of the critical situation of that time.

Adjective 'guya' (expressive/indicative).

6

او از مکاتبه برای دور زدن سانسور استفاده می‌کرد.

He used correspondence to bypass censorship.

Infinitive 'dur zadan' (bypassing).

7

مکاتبات او با ناشران، مسیر حرفه‌ای او را تغییر داد.

His correspondence with publishers changed his professional path.

Subject-Verb agreement with plural 'Mokaatabat'.

8

دقت در مکاتبه، نشانه حرفه‌ای‌گری است.

Precision in correspondence is a sign of professionalism.

Noun 'herfeh-i-gari' (professionalism).

1

مکاتبات میان این دو متفکر، گنجینه‌ای از حکمت است.

The correspondence between these two thinkers is a treasure trove of wisdom.

Metaphorical usage.

2

ظرافت‌های زبانی در مکاتبات دیپلماتیک تعیین‌کننده هستند.

Linguistic nuances in diplomatic correspondence are decisive.

Complex noun phrase 'zarafat-haye zabani'.

3

او به بررسی هرمنوتیک مکاتبات قرون وسطی پرداخت.

He engaged in the hermeneutic study of medieval correspondence.

Advanced verb 'be barresi pardakhtan'.

4

مکاتبات رسمی در این سطح، نیازمند تاییدیه نهایی هستند.

Official correspondence at this level requires final approval.

Noun 'ta'yidiyeh' (approval/confirmation).

5

در این مکاتبات، استعاره‌های پیچیده‌ای به کار رفته است.

In this correspondence, complex metaphors have been employed.

Passive present perfect 'be kar rafteh ast'.

6

مکاتبه، به مثابه پلی میان فرهنگ‌های مختلف عمل می‌کند.

Correspondence acts as a bridge between different cultures.

Formal structure 'be masabe-ye' (as/like).

7

او تمام عمر خود را صرف گردآوری این مکاتبات کرد.

He spent his entire life collecting this correspondence.

Compound verb 'gerd-avari kardan'.

8

مکاتبات او، پرده از رازهای مگو برمی‌دارد.

His correspondence uncovers unspoken secrets.

Idiom 'parde bardashtan' (to uncover/reveal).

常见搭配

مکاتبات اداری
مکاتبه کردن با
از طریق مکاتبه
مکاتبات رسمی
مکاتبات محرمانه
واحد مکاتبات
مکاتبات دیپلماتیک
دوره مکاتبه‌ای
ثبت مکاتبات
سابقه مکاتبه

常用短语

در حال مکاتبه بودن

— To be currently in the process of corresponding.

ما در حال مکاتبه با شرکت آلمانی هستیم.

برقراری مکاتبه

— Establishing a line of correspondence.

برقراری مکاتبه با آن‌ها دشوار بود.

قطع مکاتبه

— Stopping the exchange of letters.

او ناگهان مکاتبه با ما را قطع کرد.

مکاتبه دوطرفه

— Two-way correspondence.

این یک مکاتبه دوطرفه و مفید بود.

پایان دادن به مکاتبات

— To conclude the correspondence.

ما تصمیم گرفتیم به مکاتبات پایان دهیم.

مکاتبه مستقیم

— Direct correspondence.

او خواستار مکاتبه مستقیم با رئیس شد.

آرشیو مکاتبات

— Archive of correspondence.

آرشیو مکاتبات در زیرزمین است.

لحن مکاتبه

— The tone of the correspondence.

لحن مکاتبه باید محترمانه باشد.

مکاتبه به زبان انگلیسی

— Corresponding in English.

او در مکاتبه به زبان انگلیسی مهارت دارد.

فرمت مکاتبه

— The format of the correspondence.

فرمت مکاتبه باید استاندارد باشد.

容易混淆的词

مکاتبه vs مکالمه

Mokalemeh is oral; Mokaatabeh is written.

مکاتبه vs کتابت

Ketabat is the act of scribing/calligraphy; Mokaatabeh is communication.

مکاتبه vs مطالعه

Motale'eh is studying/reading; Mokaatabeh is exchanging writing.

习语与表达

"مکاتبه از راه دور"

— Long-distance correspondence, often implying a sense of separation.

عشق آن‌ها با مکاتبه از راه دور شروع شد.

Neutral
"کاغذبازی و مکاتبه"

— Bureaucracy and correspondence, often used negatively.

خسته شدم از این همه کاغذبازی و مکاتبه.

Informal
"مکاتبه با ارواح"

— Corresponding with spirits (spiritualism).

او ادعا می‌کرد که با ارواح مکاتبه دارد.

Mystical
"رشته مکاتبه"

— The thread of correspondence.

رشته مکاتبه ما نباید قطع شود.

Formal
"مکاتبه قلبی"

— Heart-to-heart connection (metaphorical).

بین آن‌ها یک نوع مکاتبه قلبی برقرار بود.

Poetic
"مکاتبه بی‌پاسخ"

— Unanswered correspondence.

این سومین مکاتبه بی‌پاسخ من است.

Neutral
"دنیای مکاتبه"

— The world of correspondence.

او در دنیای مکاتبه غرق شده بود.

Literary
"مکاتبه با خود"

— Corresponding with oneself (journaling).

دفتر خاطرات او نوعی مکاتبه با خود بود.

Psychological
"مکاتبه در سایه"

— Secret or unofficial correspondence.

آن‌ها مکاتبه در سایه را ترجیح می‌دادند.

Political
"زبان مکاتبه"

— The language/style used in letters.

زبان مکاتبه او بسیار قدیمی است.

Academic

容易混淆

مکاتبه vs مباحثه

Similar sound and both imply interaction.

Mobaheseh is a discussion or debate, usually oral and often argumentative. Mokaatabeh is written and neutral.

آن‌ها یک مباحثه طولانی درباره سیاست داشتند.

مکاتبه vs مقابله

Same 'Mo-' prefix and Arabic pattern.

Moghabeleh means confrontation or comparison. It has nothing to do with writing letters.

مقابله با دشمن سخت بود.

مکاتبه vs مراقبه

Very similar sound.

Moraghebeh means meditation or watching over. It's a spiritual or mental exercise.

او هر روز صبح مراقبه می‌کند.

مکاتبه vs محاسبه

Similar sound.

Mohasebeh means calculation or accounting.

محاسبه هزینه‌ها زمان‌بر است.

مکاتبه vs مناقشه

Formal administrative term.

Monagheshay means dispute or conflict. While Mokaatabeh might be about a dispute, the words are different.

مناقشه مرزی بین دو کشور حل شد.

句型

A2

[Person] ba [Person] mokaatabeh mikonad.

علی با سارا مکاتبه می‌کند.

B1

Man dar hale mokaatabeh ba [Organization] hastam.

من در حال مکاتبه با سفارت هستم.

B2

Mokaatabeh ba [Person] zaruri ast.

مکاتبه با رئیس بخش ضروری است.

C1

Mokaatabat-e [Person] neshan-dahandeh-ye [Concept] ast.

مکاتبات او نشان‌دهنده هوش بالای اوست.

C2

Zarafat-haye [Adjective] dar mokaatabeh...

ظرافت‌های ادبی در مکاتبه بسیار مهم هستند.

B1

Az tarigh-e mokaatabeh...

از طریق مکاتبه به نتیجه رسیدیم.

B2

Tamam-e mokaatabat-e [Noun]...

تمام مکاتبات این پرونده گم شده است.

A2

Mokaatabeh dashtan ba...

من با دوستم مکاتبه دارم.

词族

名词

کتاب (Book)
مکتوب (Written document)
کاتب (Scribe)
کتابخانه (Library)
کتیبه (Inscription)

动词

نوشتن (To write)
کتابت کردن (To scribe)
مکاتبه کردن (To correspond)

形容词

کتبی (Written)
مکتوب (Recorded)
مکاتبه‌ای (Correspondence-based)

相关

نامه (Letter)
دبیرخانه (Secretariat)
ایمیل (Email)
پست (Post)
ارتباط (Communication)
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如何使用

frequency

Common in professional and academic settings; rare in casual spoken Persian.

常见错误
  • Using 'Mokaatabeh' for a phone call. → Using 'Mokalemeh' or 'Tamas'.

    Mokaatabeh is strictly for written communication. Using it for a call is a fundamental error.

  • Saying 'Man mokaatabeh hastam'. → Saying 'Man dar hale mokaatabeh hastam'.

    Mokaatabeh is a noun, so you need 'dar hale' (in the process of) to describe the state.

  • Pronouncing the final 'h'. → Pronouncing it as 'e'.

    This is a phonetic mistake that makes the speaker sound non-native.

  • Using 'Mokaatabeh' with friends on Telegram. → Using 'Chat' or 'Payam'.

    It's too formal for casual social media. It creates social distance.

  • Confusing 'Mokaatabeh' with 'Ketabat'. → Using 'Mokaatabeh' for exchange and 'Ketabat' for scribing.

    Ketabat refers to the physical art of writing/copying books.

小贴士

Verbal Noun Status

Remember that 'Mokaatabeh' is a noun. When you want to say 'to correspond', you must use 'Mokaatabeh kardan'. This is a common pattern for Arabic-derived words in Persian.

Root Recognition

If you see K-T-B, think 'writing'. This will help you remember Mokaatabeh, Ketab, and Maktub all at once. It's the most powerful root in the Persian language.

Elevate Your Tone

Use 'Mokaatabeh' when writing to a professor or an employer. It shows that you respect the formality of the situation and have a high level of language proficiency.

Bureaucratic Power

In Iran, 'Mokaatabeh' is your paper trail. If you have a dispute, always say 'Man mokaatabeh kardam' to show you have documented proof of your communication.

The Silent 'H'

The final 'h' in Mokaatabeh is not pronounced like an 'h' in 'hat'. It's a short 'e' sound, like the 'e' in 'pet'. Pronouncing it as 'h' is a common learner mistake.

Email Context

Even though 'Email' is a common word in Iran, 'Mokaatabeh' is used to describe the *thread* of emails. 'Mokaatabat-e ma' refers to all the emails we've sent back and forth.

Using the Plural

Use 'Mokaatabat' when you want to refer to a history of messages. It sounds more natural than the singular when talking about a long-term relationship or project.

Arabic Patterns

The 'Mu-aa-a-eh' pattern often indicates interaction. Compare Mokaatabeh with 'Mosahebeh' (interview) or 'Mosharekat' (participation). They all share this 'two-way' feeling.

Stress the End

Persian is generally end-stressed. Make sure the 'be' at the end of Mokaatabeh is slightly more emphasized than the beginning of the word.

Formal Openings

When starting a formal letter, you might refer to 'piru-ye mokaatabat-e ghabli' (following previous correspondence). This is a very standard and professional opening.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Mokaatabeh' as 'Mo' (More) + 'Kaatabeh' (related to Ketab/Book). More writing than just a single book; it's a whole exchange!

视觉联想

Visualize two people standing on opposite sides of a canyon, throwing paper airplanes (letters) to each other. The airplanes flying back and forth represent 'Mokaatabeh'.

Word Web

Ketab (Book) Maktub (Written) Katib (Scribe) Mokaatabeh (Correspondence) Nameh (Letter) Post (Mail) Edari (Administrative) Ertebat (Connection)

挑战

Try to write a formal email to an imaginary Persian professor using the word 'Mokaatabeh' in the first sentence.

词源

The word is of Arabic origin, derived from the root K-T-B, which is the universal Semitic root for everything related to writing. It entered Persian during the early Islamic period.

原始含义： The original Arabic sense implies 'mutual writing' or 'writing to one another'.

Semitic root (Arabic) integrated into Indo-European (Persian).

文化背景

Be careful with 'Mokaatabat' in political contexts, as it often implies official state business.

In English, 'correspondence' can feel a bit old-fashioned, but in Persian, 'Mokaatabeh' is still the standard professional term for emails and letters alike.

The correspondence (Mokaatabat) of Jalal ad-Din Rumi. The historical letters of the Qajar kings. Modern diplomatic 'Mokaatabat' regarding the nuclear deal.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Applying for a Job

  • مکاتبه برای استخدام
  • سابقه مکاتبه با مدیر
  • مکاتبه کتبی الزامی است
  • نتیجه مکاتبه

Legal Disputes

  • ارائه مکاتبات به دادگاه
  • مکاتبات وکیل
  • اثبات از طریق مکاتبه
  • جعل مکاتبات

Academic Research

  • مکاتبه با اساتید
  • مکاتبات علمی
  • درخواست از طریق مکاتبه
  • گروه مکاتبه‌ای

Government Bureaucracy

  • ثبت مکاتبه در سیستم
  • شماره مکاتبه
  • واحد مکاتبات اداری
  • پیگیری مکاتبه

Historical Study

  • بررسی مکاتبات قدیمی
  • مکاتبات مشاهیر
  • کتاب مکاتبات
  • نسخ خطی مکاتبات

对话开场白

"آیا شما با دانشگاه‌های خارج از کشور مکاتبه داشته‌اید؟"

"به نظر شما مکاتبه بهتر است یا تماس تلفنی؟"

"چگونه می‌توان مکاتبات اداری را بهتر مدیریت کرد؟"

"آیا تا به حال مکاتبه‌ای داشته‌اید که زندگی شما را تغییر دهد؟"

"در مکاتبه با افراد غریبه، چه نکاتی را رعایت می‌کنید؟"

日记主题

درباره اهمیت مکاتبه در دنیای امروز بنویسید.

یک مکاتبه خیالی بین خودتان و یک شخصیت تاریخی بنویسید.

تفاوت‌های مکاتبه با ایمیل و نامه کاغذی را بررسی کنید.

خاطره‌ای از یک مکاتبه طولانی که داشتید بنویسید.

چرا در ایران مکاتبات اداری بسیار پیچیده هستند؟

常见问题

10 个问题

Technically you could, but it sounds very strange. It's like saying 'I am in formal correspondence with my brother via text.' Stick to 'Payam' or 'Chat' for informal apps.

No, in modern Persian, it is used for emails and official digital messages as well. It refers to the *act* of exchanging writing, not the medium.

The plural is 'Mokaatabat' (مکاتبات), following the Arabic plural rules for feminine nouns.

You can say 'Amuzesh-e mokaatabe-i' (آموزش مکاتبه‌ای) or 'Dore-ye mokaatabe-i'.

It is a noun (a verbal noun or gerund). To use it as a verb, you add 'kardan' (to do) or 'dashtan' (to have).

'Nameh' is the physical object (the letter). 'Mokaatabeh' is the process or the act of exchanging those letters.

Use 'Nameh-negari' when you want to sound more poetic or when talking about the personal habit of writing letters to friends and family.

Yes, but it sounds like 'The Correspondence of [Name] and [Name]'. It's a bit literary. For casual dating, it's too formal.

Yes, 'Mokaatabat-e bazargani' (business correspondence) is a standard term in Iranian commerce.

It is spelled: Mim (م), Kaf (ک), Alef (ا), Te (ت), Be (ب), He (ه). Note the 'Te' is the flat one, not the round one.

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自我测试 200 个问题

writing

Write a sentence using 'Mokaatabeh' to describe contacting a university.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'We have been in correspondence with the lawyer for two weeks.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a formal email opening using 'Mokaatabat-e ghabli'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Describe the difference between 'Mokaatabeh' and 'Mokalemeh' in Persian.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a short paragraph about the history of correspondence.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'I don't like administrative correspondence.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Use 'Mokaatabeh' in a sentence about a historical figure.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'All correspondence must be saved in the archive.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a sentence about a correspondence course you want to take.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'Is there any record of your correspondence?'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Describe your daily 'Mokaatabat' at work.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'He corresponds with his family via email.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a sentence using 'Mokaatabeh' as the subject.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'Confidential correspondence was stolen.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Use the plural 'Mokaatabat' in a sentence about diplomacy.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'I need to check my correspondence.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a sentence about 'Mokaatabeh' between two friends.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'The tone of your correspondence is too informal.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a sentence using 'az tarigh-e mokaatabeh'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'We reached an agreement through correspondence.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Pronounce the word 'Mokaatabeh' correctly.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Describe your experience with official correspondence in Persian.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Tell a story about a letter you received, using 'Mokaatabeh'.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Explain the difference between 'Mokaatabeh' and 'Mokalemeh' out loud.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Pronounce 'Mokaatabat-e edari' clearly.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Ask someone if they have correspondence with a specific person.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Discuss the pros and cons of email correspondence.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Use 'Mokaatabeh' in a sentence about your job.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Explain what a 'Dore-ye mokaatabe-i' is in Persian.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Practice saying: 'لطفاً تمام مکاتبات را بررسی کنید.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Discuss the importance of tone in correspondence.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Talk about a famous historical correspondence you know.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'من با آن شرکت مکاتبه داشتم.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Explain why 'Mokaatabeh' is a formal word.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Describe a 'Dabirkhaneh' and its role in correspondence.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Use 'Mokaatabeh' to talk about academic research.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Practice the plural 'Mokaatabat' in a sentence.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Discuss if you prefer writing or talking.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'مکاتبه با شما افتخار بزرگی است.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Explain the Arabic root K-T-B and its related words.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Identify 'Mokaatabeh' in a recording of a news broadcast.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen to a formal email being read and count how many times 'Mokaatabeh' is used.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen to a dialogue between two office workers about 'Mokaatabat'.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Distinguish between 'Mokaatabeh' and 'Mokalemeh' in a fast-paced conversation.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen for the plural 'Mokaatabat' in a report about diplomacy.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen to a sentence and translate it: 'ما ماه‌ها با آن شرکت مکاتبه کردیم.'

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Identify the tone of the speaker when they use 'Mokaatabeh'.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen to a list of words and pick out the one related to writing.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen to a description of a 'Dabirkhaneh' and identify its function.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen to a sentence and identify the subject: 'مکاتبات رسمی در این پوشه هستند.'

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen to a short story about two pen-pals and identify the word for their exchange.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen for the silent 'h' in 'Mokaatabeh'.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Identify the compound verb: 'مکاتبه داشتن'.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen to a formal request and identify the requested action regarding 'Mokaatabat'.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen to a historical lecture and identify the word for 'letters'.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：

/ 200 correct

Perfect score!

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