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B1 verb #2,500 最常用 7分钟阅读

منتشر شدن

montašer shodan
At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'منتشر شدن' often, but you might hear it when people talk about books or the news. Think of it as 'becoming public.' For example, if you see a new book, you can say it is 'newly published.' It is a compound verb, so just remember that 'shodan' means 'to become.' At this level, focus on its meaning related to books and simple smells like perfume.
At A2, you can start using 'منتشر شدن' to describe simple events. You might say 'The news spread' or 'The book was published last month.' You should begin to distinguish it from 'pakhsh shodan' (to be broadcast/spread). Remember that you don't use 'ra' with this verb. It is useful for talking about your favorite magazines or how a smell fills a kitchen when you are cooking.
At the B1 level, you should use 'منتشر شدن' confidently in both journalistic and scientific contexts. You can describe how a virus spreads in a city or how a report was published by the government. You should understand that it is the passive form of 'منتشر کردن.' This is the level where you start using it for more abstract things, like the spread of an idea or a piece of information on social media.
At B2, you are expected to use 'منتشر شدن' in formal writing and debates. You should be able to discuss the implications of information being published and use it in various tenses, including the subjunctive (e.g., 'It is important that this news be published'). You should also understand its scientific nuances, such as the emission of light or heat, and use it correctly in technical descriptions.
At C1, you use 'منتشر شدن' with precision and stylistic flair. You might use it to describe the 'dissemination' of complex ideologies or the 'radiation' of influence from a cultural center. You understand the subtle differences between this verb and its more literary synonyms like 'اشاعه یافتن.' Your usage reflects an understanding of the word's Arabic roots and its formal register in Persian literature and law.
At the C2 level, 'منتشر شدن' is part of a sophisticated vocabulary. You can use it in academic discourse to discuss the 'diffusion' of innovations or the 'propagation' of waves in physics. You are aware of its historical usage in classical texts and can manipulate the verb in complex sentence structures, including passive constructions that emphasize the systemic nature of the spreading or publication process.
开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

منتشر شدن 30秒了解

  • A compound verb meaning 'to be published' or 'to spread'.
  • Used for books, news, smells, light, and diseases.
  • It is intransitive, meaning it does not take a direct object.
  • Essential for formal, scientific, and journalistic Persian.

The Persian verb منتشر شدن (montasher shodan) is a versatile compound verb that primarily translates to 'to be published,' 'to be spread,' 'to be emitted,' or 'to be circulated.' It is composed of the Arabic-origin participle 'منتشر' (meaning dispersed or spread) and the Persian auxiliary verb 'شدن' (to become). At its core, this verb describes a process where something—be it information, a physical substance, or a wave—moves from a state of containment or concentration to a state of being widely distributed or accessible. In the realm of media and literature, it is the standard term used when a book, magazine, or article is released to the public. For example, when a new novel hits the shelves, we say it has been منتشر شده است. However, its utility extends far beyond the printing press. In scientific contexts, it describes the diffusion of gases, the radiation of light from a star, or the conduction of heat through a metal rod. This dual nature makes it an essential word for intermediate learners who are moving from basic everyday vocabulary to more technical or journalistic Persian.

Physical Diffusion
Refers to the movement of particles or energy from high to low concentration, such as a smell filling a room.
Media Publication
The formal process of making content available to the public via print or digital platforms.
Information Propagation
The rapid spread of news, rumors, or data through a population or network.

بوی عطر در تمام اتاق منتشر شد و همه متوجه حضور او شدند.

— The scent of perfume spread throughout the room, and everyone noticed her presence.

Understanding the nuance of منتشر شدن requires recognizing its passive nature. Unlike its active counterpart, منتشر کردن (to publish/spread something), this verb focuses on the subject undergoing the change. It is the news itself that spreads, or the book itself that is published. This distinction is crucial for correct sentence structure in Persian, where the agent of the action is often omitted to emphasize the event itself. In modern digital discourse, the verb has evolved to cover social media posts and viral content. When a video 'goes viral,' Persians might say it has widely منتشر شده across various platforms. This adaptability ensures the word remains relevant in both classical literature and contemporary digital communication.

نور خورشید از میان ابرها منتشر شد.

— Sunlight was emitted from between the clouds.
Abstract Usage
Used for the spread of ideologies, religions, or cultural trends across borders.
Epidemiological Usage
Describes the spread of viruses or diseases within a community.

خبر پیروزی به سرعت در شهر منتشر شد.

— The news of the victory spread quickly in the city.

Using منتشر شدن correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as an intransitive compound verb. In Persian, compound verbs are formed by a non-verbal element (the 'prefix' or 'noun/adjective part') and a light verb. Here, 'منتشر' acts as the descriptor, and 'شدن' provides the action and tense. Because it uses 'شدن', the verb inherently describes a change of state or a passive occurrence. You will never see a 'را' (ra) following the subject of this verb because the subject is the thing being spread, not the spreader.

Tense Construction

To conjugate this verb, you only change the 'شدن' part. For example:

  • Past: منتشر شد (It was published/spread)
  • Present: منتشر می‌شود (It is being published/spread)
  • Future: منتشر خواهد شد (It will be published/spread)
  • Perfect: منتشر شده است (It has been published/spread)

When discussing books or academic papers, the verb is often used in the formal register. In a sentence like 'The results of the study were published in the journal,' the Persian equivalent would be نتایج تحقیق در مجله منتشر شد. Note that there is no need to mention 'by the researchers' unless you want to change the verb to the active form 'منتشر کردند'.

In scientific writing, this verb is indispensable. It describes the 'emission' of radiation or the 'diffusion' of molecules. If you are writing a lab report in Persian, you might write about how heat منتشر می‌شود through a medium. This precision is what separates a B1 learner from a beginner; knowing that 'pakhsh shodan' (to be distributed) might be too colloquial for a scientific context where 'montasher shodan' is preferred.

You will encounter منتشر شدن in several distinct environments, each providing a different shade of meaning. The most common place is in the **News and Media**. News anchors frequently start segments with phrases like 'The latest report has been published' (آخرین گزارش منتشر شد). On news websites, you will see this verb in the metadata of every article, indicating the date and time of publication.

Another common environment is **Academic and Literary circles**. In bookstores or libraries, conversations often revolve around when a certain author's new book will be released. A fan might ask: کتاب جدید این نویسنده کی منتشر می‌شود؟ (When will this author's new book be published?). In universities, professors discuss the 'dissemination' of knowledge or the publication of peer-reviewed articles using this exact term.

In **Scientific and Technical contexts**, you will hear this verb in documentaries or lectures about physics and biology. A documentary about the sun might explain how light is emitted (نور منتشر می‌شود). A health official might use it to describe the spread of a new variant of a virus (ویروس در جامعه منتشر شده است). This usage is more formal than 'pakhsh shodan,' which is often used for the spread of rumors or common colds in casual speech.

Finally, you will hear it in **Legal and Official announcements**. When a new law is passed in Iran, it must be 'published' in the Official Gazette to become enforceable. The phrase در روزنامه رسمی منتشر شد is a standard legal formula. Hearing this verb in these contexts signals that the information being discussed is formal, verified, and ready for public consumption.

One of the most frequent errors learners make is confusing منتشر شدن with پخش شدن (pakhsh shodan). While they both mean 'to spread,' they are not always interchangeable. 'Pakhsh shodan' is more general and can refer to physical scattering (like seeds) or broadcasting (like a TV show). 'Montasher shodan' is more specific to the formal release of information or the scientific emission of energy. Using 'pakhsh shodan' for a formal academic book might sound a bit too informal or even imply the book was physically scattered on the floor!

Another mistake is the incorrect use of the active vs. passive voice. Learners often try to use منتشر شدن with an object. For example, saying من کتاب را منتشر شدم (I was published the book) is grammatically incorrect. Because it is an intransitive verb, the book must be the subject: کتاب منتشر شد. If you are the one doing the publishing, you must use منتشر کردم.

Learners also struggle with the preposition choice. Often, people use 'ba' (with) when they should use 'dar' (in) or 'tavasote' (by). For example, 'The news was published in the newspaper' should be خبر در روزنامه منتشر شد. Using 'ba' would imply the news was published *using* the newspaper as a tool, which sounds awkward in Persian. Lastly, avoid overusing this verb for simple things like 'spreading butter on bread.' For that, use مالیدن (malidan). 'Montasher shodan' is too 'grand' for a sandwich!

To truly master منتشر شدن, it helps to compare it with its synonyms and related terms. The most direct synonym in the context of publishing is چاپ شدن (chap shodan), which specifically means 'to be printed.' While all printed books are 'montasher' (published), not all published works are 'chap' (printed)—think of e-books or digital articles. Therefore, 'montasher shodan' is the broader, more modern term.

Another related verb is شایع شدن (shaye' shodan), which means 'to become rumored' or 'to become prevalent.' This is used specifically for rumors, diseases, or trends. While you could say a rumor 'montasher shodan' (spread), 'shaye' shodan' adds the nuance that it is now common knowledge or a widespread belief. For example, شایعه‌ای در شهر شایع شد (A rumor became prevalent in the city).

In the context of physical spreading, پراکنده شدن (parakandeh shodan) means 'to be scattered' or 'to be dispersed.' This is often used for crowds of people or clouds. While 'montasher shodan' implies a source emitting something outward, 'parakandeh shodan' implies a group of things moving away from each other. For instance, after a protest, the crowd پراکنده شد. Finally, اشاعه یافتن (esha'eh yaftan) is a highly formal, literary synonym for the spread of ideas or culture. You will find this in academic papers or historical texts discussing the spread of Islam or Western philosophy.

How Formal Is It?

正式

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非正式

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难度评级

需要掌握的语法

按水平分级的例句

1

کتاب من منتشر شد.

My book was published.

Simple past tense.

2

بوی خوب در خانه منتشر شد.

A good smell spread in the house.

Subject + Adjective + Verb.

3

آیا این مجله هر ماه منتشر می‌شود؟

Is this magazine published every month?

Present continuous for habitual action.

4

عکس‌های او در اینترنت منتشر شد.

His photos were published on the internet.

Plural subject with singular verb (common in Persian).

5

خبر مهمی منتشر شد.

Important news was published.

Indeterminate noun 'خبر مهمی'.

6

نور شمع در اتاق منتشر شد.

The candle light spread in the room.

Physical emission.

7

این آهنگ دیروز منتشر شد.

This song was released yesterday.

Time adverb 'دیروز'.

8

نامه‌های او منتشر نشد.

His letters were not published.

Negative past tense.

1

گزارش سالانه شرکت امروز منتشر شد.

The company's annual report was published today.

Compound subject.

2

بوی دود در کل ساختمان منتشر شده است.

The smell of smoke has spread throughout the building.

Present perfect tense.

3

داستان‌های کوتاه او در یک کتاب منتشر شد.

His short stories were published in a book.

Prepositional phrase 'در یک کتاب'.

4

چرا این خبر به سرعت منتشر شد؟

Why did this news spread so quickly?

Adverbial phrase 'به سرعت'.

5

لیست نمرات فردا منتشر می‌شود.

The grade list will be published tomorrow.

Present tense for future meaning.

6

گرما از بخاری در اتاق منتشر می‌شود.

Heat is emitted from the heater into the room.

Source preposition 'از'.

7

فراخوان مسابقه در سایت منتشر شد.

The contest announcement was published on the site.

Formal noun 'فراخوان'.

8

نتایج آزمایش هنوز منتشر نشده است.

The test results have not been published yet.

Negative present perfect.

1

ویروس جدیدی در منطقه منتشر شده است.

A new virus has spread in the region.

Medical context.

2

مقاله علمی او در یک مجله معتبر منتشر شد.

His scientific article was published in a prestigious journal.

Academic register.

3

نور خورشید در تمام فضا منتشر می‌شود.

Sunlight is emitted throughout space.

Scientific fact.

4

بیانیه رسمی دولت به زودی منتشر خواهد شد.

The government's official statement will be published soon.

Future tense.

5

این شایعه نباید در مدرسه منتشر شود.

This rumor should not spread in the school.

Modal verb 'نباید' + subjunctive.

6

اطلاعات شخصی کاربران در اینترنت منتشر شد.

Users' personal information was leaked/published on the internet.

Passive implication of 'leak'.

7

پس از انفجار، گازهای سمی در هوا منتشر شدند.

After the explosion, toxic gases were released into the air.

Plural verb for emphasis.

8

آثار باستانی کشف شده در کتابی منتشر شد.

The discovered ancient artifacts were published in a book.

Past participle 'کشف شده' as adjective.

1

افکار او از طریق نوشته‌هایش در جامعه منتشر شد.

His thoughts spread through society via his writings.

Abstract subject 'افکار'.

2

امواج رادیویی در تمام جهات منتشر می‌شوند.

Radio waves are emitted in all directions.

Technical physics context.

3

جزئیات قرارداد هنوز به طور رسمی منتشر نشده است.

The details of the contract have not been officially published yet.

Adverbial 'به طور رسمی'.

4

با منتشر شدن این خبر، قیمت طلا افزایش یافت.

With the spreading of this news, the price of gold increased.

Gerund phrase 'با منتشر شدن'.

5

فرهنگ ایرانی در سراسر جهان منتشر شده است.

Iranian culture has spread throughout the world.

Cultural dissemination.

6

او می‌خواست کتابش قبل از عید منتشر شود.

He wanted his book to be published before Nowruz.

Subjunctive mood after 'خواستن'.

7

گاز متان در اتمسفر منتشر می‌شود و باعث گرمایش زمین می‌گردد.

Methane gas is released into the atmosphere and causes global warming.

Cause and effect sentence.

8

اسناد محرمانه توسط یک افشاگر منتشر شد.

Confidential documents were published by a whistleblower.

Agent marked by 'توسط'.

1

انوار الهی در قلب عارف منتشر می‌شود.

Divine lights are diffused in the heart of the mystic.

Mystical/Literary register.

2

ایدئولوژی‌های جدید به سرعت در فضای مجازی منتشر می‌شوند.

New ideologies spread rapidly in cyberspace.

Sociological context.

3

رایحه گل‌های بهاری در دشت منتشر شده بود.

The scent of spring flowers had spread across the plain.

Past perfect tense.

4

این نظریه علمی پس از سال‌ها تحقیق منتشر شد.

This scientific theory was published after years of research.

Formal academic context.

5

فساد در لایه‌های مختلف سازمان منتشر شده است.

Corruption has spread through various layers of the organization.

Metaphorical usage.

6

صدای موسیقی در سکوت شب منتشر می‌شد.

The sound of music was spreading in the silence of the night.

Past continuous for atmosphere.

7

فرایند منتشر شدن ذرات در مایع را نفوذ می‌نامند.

The process of particles spreading in a liquid is called diffusion.

Scientific definition.

8

حقایق تاریخی باید بدون سانسور منتشر شوند.

Historical truths must be published without censorship.

Passive modal construction.

1

تلالو خورشید بر سطح دریا منتشر گشت.

The sparkle of the sun was diffused over the sea surface.

Archaic 'گشت' instead of 'شد'.

2

معارف بشری از طریق ترجمه در تمدن‌ها منتشر می‌گردد.

Human knowledge is disseminated across civilizations through translation.

Formal 'می‌گردد' for 'می‌شود'.

3

امواج الکترومغناطیسی با سرعت نور منتشر می‌شوند.

Electromagnetic waves propagate at the speed of light.

Technical physics term 'propagate'.

4

نفوذ فرهنگی یک کشور می‌تواند از طریق هنر منتشر شود.

A country's cultural influence can be spread through art.

Complex modal structure.

5

بیماری‌های واگیردار در صورت عدم رعایت بهداشت منتشر خواهند شد.

Contagious diseases will spread if hygiene is not observed.

Conditional sentence.

6

آثار ادبی کلاسیک به زبان‌های متعددی منتشر شده‌اند.

Classical literary works have been published in numerous languages.

Present perfect plural.

7

پرتوهای رادیواکتیو در محیط منتشر گشته و خطرآفرین هستند.

Radioactive rays have spread in the environment and are dangerous.

Literary compound sentence.

8

عدالت باید در تمام ارکان جامعه منتشر شود.

Justice must be diffused throughout all pillars of society.

Philosophical/Political usage.

常见搭配

کتاب منتشر شد
خبر منتشر شد
بوی عطر منتشر شد
نور منتشر می‌شود
ویروس منتشر شد
گزارش منتشر شد
بیانیه منتشر شد
امواج منتشر می‌شوند
شایعه منتشر شد
فراخوان منتشر شد

常用短语

به تازگی منتشر شده

در سطح وسیع منتشر شد

به صورت دیجیتال منتشر شد

در روزنامه منتشر شد

به سرعت منتشر شد

容易混淆的词

منتشر شدن vs منتظر شدن

منتشر شدن vs پخش شدن

منتشر شدن vs چاپ شدن

习语与表达

""

""

容易混淆

منتشر شدن vs

منتشر شدن vs

منتشر شدن vs

句型

如何使用

Light

Specifically for the way light fills a space.

Smells

Used for both pleasant and unpleasant odors.

Digital Age

Now used for 'uploading' or 'posting' content.

常见错误
  • Using 'ra' with the subject.
  • Confusing it with 'montazer shodan' (to wait).
  • Using it for physical objects like spreading a blanket.
  • Using 'ba' instead of 'dar' for the medium (e.g., published 'with' the newspaper).
  • Forgetting to conjugate 'shodan' correctly in the past tense.

小贴士

No Direct Object

Never use 'ra' with this verb. The thing that spreads is the subject.

Academic Tone

Use this instead of 'pakhsh shodan' in your essays to sound more professional.

Clear 'Sh'

Make sure the 'sh' in 'montasher' is distinct so it doesn't sound like 'montazer'.

News Context

When you hear 'khabar-e-fori' (breaking news), listen for 'montasher shod' right after.

Passive Agent

You can use 'tavasote' (by) to mention who published the work.

Smell Diffusion

Use it to describe how a perfume fills a room for high-level descriptive Persian.

Office Talk

Use it when asking about the release of company memos or reports.

Physics

Use it for radiation, conduction, and diffusion in technical papers.

Going Viral

Describe a viral video as 'dar sateh-e-vasi' (widely) منتشر شده.

Poetry

In poetry, it often refers to the spread of a lover's scent or fame.

记住它

词源

文化背景

Every year, thousands of books are 'montasher' for the first time at the Tehran Book Fair.

The opposite of 'montasher shodan' in a political context is often 'mamnu-ol-chap' (forbidden to print).

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"آیا کتاب جدید اصغر فرهادی منتشر شده است؟"

"چطور این شایعه به این سرعت منتشر شد؟"

"آخرین مقاله‌ات در کدام مجله منتشر شد؟"

"فکر می‌کنی این خبر کی منتشر می‌شود؟"

"چرا بوی عجیبی در راهرو منتشر شده؟"

日记主题

Write about a book you want to see published.

Describe how a piece of news spread in your town.

Explain a scientific process where something is emitted.

Discuss the pros and cons of information being published instantly online.

常见问题

10 个问题

No, 'montasher shodan' is for information, smells, or light. For butter, use 'malidan'.

Yes, it is more formal than 'pakhsh shodan' but common in daily speech regarding books and news.

The noun form is 'enteshar' (انتشار).

Yes, if confidential info is 'montasher shod', it implies a leak.

Yes, songs and albums are 'montasher' when released.

کتاب توسط او منتشر شد.

Yes, it is very common in medical contexts for the spread of viruses.

Yes, 'noor montasher mishavad' is a standard scientific phrase.

Grammatically it is intransitive, but it functions like a passive verb in English.

There isn't one direct opposite, but 'pahan nashodan' or 'jam' shodan' can work depending on context.

自我测试 180 个问题

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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