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نخستین

A2 adjective #1,500 最常用 6分钟阅读

نخستین

Q: Is 'نخستین' related to 'نخستوزیر'?

Yes, 'نخستوزیر' means 'Prime Minister' (the first/chief minister).

nokhostin 前1,500

开始练习例句笔记与提示 نخستین 30秒了解

解析 نخستین in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should recognize 'نخستین' as a formal version of 'اولین' (first). While you might not use it in daily conversation, you will see it in simple reading materials like children's books or basic news headlines. It always comes before the noun. For example, 'نخستین روز' means 'the first day'. Focus on identifying it as a marker of the start of something. It is a 'pure Persian' word, unlike 'اول' which comes from Arabic. Learning this word early helps you build a more authentic Persian vocabulary beyond the basic everyday terms.

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'نخستین' in your written assignments to improve your grade. It is especially useful when describing sequences of events or historical facts. Remember that it doesn't need an 'e' sound (Ezafe) after it. You will encounter it in descriptions of famous people ('نخستین فضانورد' - the first astronaut) or important life events. At this stage, you should be able to distinguish between 'نخست' (firstly) and 'نخستین' (the first [adjective]). Practice using it with common nouns like 'بار' (time), 'گام' (step), and 'دیدار' (meeting).

For B1 learners, 'نخستین' becomes a tool for professional communication. You should use it in formal emails, reports, and presentations. It helps you sound more educated. You will see it used in more abstract contexts, such as 'نخستین نشانه‌ها' (the first signs) of a disease or a social change. At this level, you should also notice how it is used in literature to create a specific mood. It often implies that what follows is significant or foundational. You should be comfortable swapping 'اولین' for 'نخستین' when the situation calls for a higher register.

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At the B2 level, you should understand the stylistic impact of 'نخستین'. It is frequently used in journalistic Persian to add a sense of importance to a story. You will find it in complex sentence structures, often followed by a relative clause starting with 'که'. For example: 'نخستین عاملی که باعث موفقیت شد...' (The first factor that caused success...). You should also be aware of its collocations with words like 'اولویت' (priority) or 'مرحله' (stage). Using 'نخستین' correctly in your essays will demonstrate a strong command of Persian registers and stylistic nuances.

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C1 learners should appreciate the etymological depth of 'نخستین'. It is the word of choice in academic discourse, historical analysis, and high literature. You should be able to use it to discuss complex origins, such as 'نخستین جرقه‌های انقلاب' (the first sparks of the revolution). At this level, you are expected to understand its use in classical poetry and how it differs from more modern or technical terms. You should also be able to use it in its adverbial form 'نخست' to structure complex arguments (First..., Second..., Finally...).

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At the C2 level, 'نخستین' is used with total precision to denote primordiality or archetypal beginnings. You will encounter it in philosophical texts ('نخستین علت' - the First Cause) or advanced scientific theories regarding the origins of the universe. You should be able to analyze the subtle difference in tone between 'نخستین' and other synonyms in a literary text, understanding how a writer uses it to evoke a sense of tradition or timelessness. Your usage should be flawless, reflecting a deep understanding of Persian's formal and literary heritage.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

نخستین 30秒了解

نخستین is a formal adjective meaning 'first'.
It is placed before the noun without an Ezafe.
It is the literary equivalent of the common word 'اولین'.
Commonly used in news, history, and formal writing.

The word نخستین (Nokhostin) is a cornerstone of formal Persian vocabulary, functioning as an adjective that translates to 'first,' 'initial,' or 'primary.' While the word 'اول' (Avval) is more common in everyday speech, نخستین carries a weight of elegance and precision, often used to denote the very beginning of a sequence, a historical event, or a significant milestone.

Grammatical Category: Adjective (Ordinal Number)

In Persian grammar, ordinal numbers like this can appear before the noun (without Ezafe) or after the noun (with Ezafe). However, نخستین is almost exclusively used as a pre-nominal adjective, meaning it sits right before the word it describes, similar to how 'first' works in English.

این نخستین گام ما در این مسیر طولانی است.

(This is our first step in this long journey.)

Historically, the root 'نخست' (Nokhost) dates back to Middle Persian (Pahlavi) 'naxwist,' signifying the absolute beginning. When you use this word, you aren't just saying 'number one'; you are often implying a sense of origin or the start of a new era. It is the word of choice for historians, journalists, and poets alike.

نخستین پادشاه هخامنشی کوروش بزرگ بود.

(The first Achaemenid king was Cyrus the Great.)

Semantic Nuance: Unlike 'اولین', which is a direct superlative of 'اول', 'نخستین' feels more archaic and grounded in classical Persian literature.

او نخستین کسی بود که به این راز پی برد.

(He was the first person who realized this secret.)

در نخستین نگاه، همه چیز عالی به نظر می‌رسید.

(At first glance, everything seemed perfect.)

Usage Frequency: High in literature and news; Moderate in daily conversation.

نخستین تجربه کاری او در یک شرکت کوچک بود.

(His first work experience was in a small company.)

Using نخستین correctly requires understanding its placement in a sentence. In Persian, most adjectives follow the noun with an Ezafe (e.g., کتابِ بزرگ - Ketab-e Bozorg). However, نخستین belongs to a special class of adjectives—ordinal numbers—that typically precede the noun without any connector.

Rule 1: Pre-nominal Placement: Place 'نخستین' directly before the noun you wish to modify. No 'e' sound (Ezafe) is needed between them.

نخستین روز بهار همیشه زیباست.

(The first day of spring is always beautiful.)

When 'نخستین' is used, the noun it modifies is usually in the singular form, even if the context implies a group. For example, 'نخستین گام‌ها' (the first steps) is possible, but 'نخستین گام' is more common when referring to the very first one in a sequence.

او نخستین جایزه خود را در ده سالگی گرفت.

(He received his first award at the age of ten.)

Rule 2: Definiteness: Because 'first' implies a specific item, the noun following 'نخستین' is often treated as definite in meaning, even if it doesn't have a definite marker.

نخستین دیدار ما در کتابخانه بود.

(Our first meeting was in the library.)

این کتاب نخستین اثر این نویسنده است.

(This book is the first work of this author.)

Rule 3: Use with 'که' (Relative Clauses): Often used with 'کسی که' (the person who) or 'چیزی که' (the thing that) to define a pioneer.

او نخستین زنی بود که به فضا رفت.

(She was the first woman who went to space.)

The context of نخستین is primarily formal, academic, and journalistic. You will encounter it frequently in the following environments:

1. News and Journalism: News anchors use it to report on breakthroughs, diplomatic meetings, or the start of events.

نخستین نشست خبری سخنگوی دولت امروز برگزار شد.

(The government spokesperson's first press conference was held today.)

2. History and Documentaries: When discussing origins of civilizations, inventions, or historical figures.

نخستین تمدن‌های بشری در کنار رودخانه‌ها شکل گرفتند.

(The first human civilizations were formed alongside rivers.)

3. Formal Speeches and Ceremonies: Opening remarks at conferences or weddings often use this word to mark the beginning of the occasion.

در نخستین بخش از برنامه، به معرفی مهمانان می‌پردازیم.

(In the first part of the program, we will introduce the guests.)

4. Literature and Poetry: Poets use it to describe the 'first' love, the 'first' light of dawn, or the 'first' breath of life.

نخستین پرتو خورشید بر کوهسار تابید.

(The first ray of sun shone upon the mountains.)

این فرضیه در نخستین آزمایش رد شد.

(This hypothesis was rejected in the first experiment.)

Even though نخستین is a straightforward adjective, learners often stumble on its register and grammatical pairing. Here are the most frequent errors:

Mistake 1: Using Ezafe: Incorrect: 'روزِ نخستین' (Roz-e Nokhostin). Correct: 'نخستین روز' (Nokhostin Roz). Ordinal numbers ending in '-in' almost always come before the noun.

❌ من در روزِ نخستین او را دیدم.

(Incorrect: I saw him on the day first.)

While 'روزِ نخست' (without the 'in') is a valid alternative, 'روزِ نخستین' sounds unnatural in modern prose.

Mistake 2: Register Mismatch: Using 'نخستین' in very casual slang. If you are ordering a sandwich, say 'اولین ساندویچ' or just 'اولی', not 'نخستین ساندویچ'.

❌ داداش، نخستین پیتزا مال منه!

(Incorrect Register: Bro, the first pizza is mine! - Sounds too formal for the context.)

Mistake 3: Confusing with 'نخست': 'نخست' can be an adverb meaning 'at first' or 'firstly'. 'نخستین' is strictly an adjective modifying a noun.

✅ نخست باید درس بخوانی. (Firstly, you must study.)

✅ این نخستین درس ماست. (This is our first lesson.)

Persian has several ways to express the concept of 'first'. Understanding the differences helps you choose the right word for the right context.

اول (Avval): The most common, versatile word for 'first'. Arabic origin. Used in all registers, but especially spoken Persian.

نفر اول مسابقه کیست؟

(Who is the first person in the race?)

اولین (Avvalin): The direct synonym of 'نخستین'. It is the superlative form of 'اول'. It is very common in both speech and writing.

این اولین بار است که به اینجا می‌آیم.

(This is the first time I'm coming here.)

آغازین (Aghazin): Means 'initial' or 'early'. Used to describe the early stages of a period or process.

در سال‌های آغازین قرن بیستم...

(In the early years of the 20th century...)

بدوی (Badvi): Means 'primitive' or 'primary'. Often used in legal or anthropological contexts.

دادگاه بدوی حکم را صادر کرد.

(The primary court issued the verdict.)

How Formal Is It?

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

Ordinal numbers ending in -in

Pre-nominal adjectives

Formal vs Informal Persian

Relative clauses with 'که'

Ezafe construction

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按水平分级的例句

نخستین روز مدرسه بود.

It was the first day of school.

نخستین comes before the noun 'روز'.

این نخستین کتاب من است.

This is my first book.

No Ezafe between نخستین and کتاب.

نخستین درس فارسی آسان است.

The first Persian lesson is easy.

Adjective modifying 'درس'.

او نخستین دوست من بود.

He/She was my first friend.

Used to describe a person.

نخستین بار است که کباب می‌خورم.

It is the first time I am eating kebab.

نخستین بار is a common phrase.

نخستین ماه سال فروردین است.

The first month of the year is Farvardin.

Used for calendar sequences.

نخستین کلمه را بنویس.

Write the first word.

Imperative context.

نخستین رنگ پرچم ایران سبز است.

The first color of the Iranian flag is green.

Describing order.

نخستین گام برای یادگیری، تمرین است.

The first step to learning is practice.

Abstract use of 'step'.

او نخستین مدال خود را برد.

He won his first medal.

Possessive 'خود' follows the noun.

نخستین دیدار ما در پارک بود.

Our first meeting was in the park.

Formal word for 'meeting'.

نخستین برف زمستان بارید.

The first snow of winter fell.

Describing natural events.

نخستین بخش فیلم جالب بود.

The first part of the movie was interesting.

Dividing a whole into parts.

نخستین سفر او به شیراز بود.

His first trip was to Shiraz.

Describing travel.

نخستین سوال امتحان سخت بود.

The first question of the exam was hard.

Ordinal use in tests.

نخستین خانه آن‌ها کوچک بود.

Their first house was small.

Describing property.

نخستین نشانه‌های بیماری ظاهر شد.

The first signs of the disease appeared.

Plural noun 'نشانه‌ها' after 'نخستین'.

نخستین هدف ما رضایت مشتری است.

Our first goal is customer satisfaction.

Business context.

نخستین تجربه کاری من در بانک بود.

My first work experience was in a bank.

Compound noun 'تجربه کاری'.

نخستین واکنش او سکوت بود.

His first reaction was silence.

Describing emotional response.

نخستین چاپ این کتاب نایاب است.

The first edition of this book is rare.

Publishing terminology.

نخستین بار که او را دیدم، نشناختم.

The first time I saw him, I didn't recognize him.

Complex sentence with 'که'.

نخستین مرحله پروژه به پایان رسید.

The first stage of the project ended.

Project management context.

نخستین برخورد آن‌ها بسیار دوستانه بود.

Their first encounter was very friendly.

Formal word for encounter.

نخستین وظیفه دولت حفظ امنیت است.

The first duty of the government is to maintain security.

Political/Formal register.

نخستین جرقه‌های انقلاب در این شهر زده شد.

The first sparks of the revolution were struck in this city.

Metaphorical use of 'sparks'.

نخستین کسی که به این موضوع اعتراض کرد، او بود.

He was the first person who objected to this matter.

Relative clause 'کسی که'.

نخستین اولویت ما آموزش کودکان است.

Our first priority is children's education.

Collocation: نخستین اولویت.

نخستین اثر هنری او در گالری نمایش داده شد.

His first artwork was displayed in the gallery.

Artistic context.

نخستین گام در حل مسئله، شناخت آن است.

The first step in solving a problem is recognizing it.

Philosophical/Logical context.

نخستین تلاش‌های او برای صلح شکست خورد.

His first efforts for peace failed.

Diplomatic context.

نخستین ویژگی یک رهبر، صداقت است.

The first characteristic of a leader is honesty.

Describing traits.

نخستین تمدن‌های بشری در بین‌النهرین پدید آمدند.

The first human civilizations emerged in Mesopotamia.

Historical/Academic register.

نخستین یافته‌های باستان‌شناسی این فرضیه را تایید می‌کند.

The first archaeological findings confirm this hypothesis.

Scientific terminology.

نخستین بارقه‌های امید در دل مردم زنده شد.

The first glimmers of hope were revived in the hearts of the people.

Literary/Poetic imagery.

نخستین گام در مسیر خودشناسی، پذیرش است.

The first step on the path of self-knowledge is acceptance.

Psychological/Philosophical context.

نخستین مواجهه او با واقعیت تلخ بود.

His first encounter with reality was bitter.

Abstract noun 'مواجهه'.

نخستین بند از این قرارداد بسیار حیاتی است.

The first clause of this contract is very vital.

Legal register.

نخستین نشانه‌های رکود اقتصادی مشاهده شده است.

The first signs of economic recession have been observed.

Economic context.

نخستین بار که شعر حافظ را خواندم، مبهوت شدم.

The first time I read Hafez's poetry, I was mesmerized.

Cultural/Literary context.

نخستین تجلیات عقل در فلسفه یونان باستان دیده می‌شود.

The first manifestations of reason are seen in ancient Greek philosophy.

High academic/Philosophical register.

نخستین محرک در نظام ارسطویی، خداست.

The Prime Mover in the Aristotelian system is God.

Technical philosophical term 'نخستین محرک'.

نخستین مراحل تکوین جنین بسیار پیچیده است.

The first stages of embryonic development are very complex.

Biological/Scientific context.

نخستین بارقه‌های نبوغ در آثار دوران جوانی او مشهود است.

The first sparks of genius are evident in his early works.

Literary criticism register.

نخستین گام در نقد ادبی، فهم متن است.

The first step in literary criticism is understanding the text.

Academic discourse.

نخستین مواجهه انسان با تکنولوژی، ابزارسازی بود.

Man's first encounter with technology was tool-making.

Anthropological context.

نخستین نغمه‌های موسیقی در طبیعت شنیده می‌شود.

The first melodies of music are heard in nature.

Poetic/Abstract register.

نخستین سنگ بنای این بنای عظیم در قرن دهم نهاده شد.

The first cornerstone of this grand building was laid in the 10th century.

Idiomatic 'سنگ بنا'.

常见搭配

نخستین بار (First time)

نخستین گام (First step)

نخستین روز (First day)

نخستین دیدار (First meeting)

نخستین تجربه (First experience)

نخستین چاپ (First edition)

نخستین اولویت (First priority)

نخستین مرحله (First stage)

نخستین واکنش (First reaction)

نخستین نشانه (First sign)

常用短语

در نخستین نگاه (At first glance)

نخستین کسی که (The first person who)

از همان نخستین لحظه (From the very first moment)

نخستین بار در تاریخ (For the first time in history)

نخستین سنگ بنا (The first cornerstone)

نخستین گام‌های موفقیت (The first steps of success)

نخستین بارقه‌های امید (The first glimmers of hope)

نخستین روز بهار (The first day of spring)

نخستین کلام (The first word/speech)

نخستین برخورد (The first encounter)

容易混淆的词

نخستین vs نخست

Adverb meaning 'firstly' or 'at first', whereas 'نخستین' is an adjective.

نخستین vs اول

Arabic origin, more common in speech, can be used after the noun with Ezafe.

نخستین vs آغاز

Noun meaning 'the beginning', not an adjective.

习语与表达

"نخستین سنگ را انداختن (To cast the first stone - though usually translated literally, 'نخستین' fits the formal biblical tone)"

"نخستین حرف را زدن (To have the first/final say in a formal context)"

"در نخستین وهله (In the first instance/at first)"

"نخستین پله موفقیت (The first rung of the ladder of success)"

"نخستین خشت (The first brick - referring to the foundation of something)"

"نخستین کلام، آخرین کلام (The first word is the last word - meaning being decisive)"

"نخستین عشق (First love - often used in poetry)"

"نخستین جرقه (The first spark - the start of a movement)"

"نخستین گام، دشوارترین گام (The first step is the hardest)"

"نخستین میوه (The first fruit - the first result of labor)"

容易混淆

نخستین vs

句型

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如何使用

nuance

Implies a formal start or a historical origin.

restriction

Rarely used in very casual street slang.

常见错误

Adding Ezafe: روزِ نخستین (Wrong) -> نخستین روز (Right)
Using in slang: نخستین پیتزا (Awkward) -> اولین پیتزا (Natural)
Confusing with 'نخست': نخستین باید رفت (Wrong) -> نخست باید رفت (Right)
Mispronouncing 'kh': Nohostin (Wrong) -> Nokhostin (Right)
Using after noun: گامِ نخستین (Rare/Archaic) -> نخستین گام (Standard)

小贴士

Register Awareness

Use 'نخستین' in your writing to instantly sound more like a native scholar.

No Ezafe

Remember: نخستین + Noun (Directly). No 'e' sound in between.

Formal Speeches

Start your presentation with 'نخستین مطلبی که...' to grab attention.

News Headlines

When you see 'نخستین' in a headline, expect a major announcement or breakthrough.

Essay Structure

Use 'نخست' to start your first paragraph and 'نخستین گام' to describe your first point.

Historical Pride

Iranians love using 'نخستین' to talk about their ancient history and inventions.

Suffix -in

Most Persian ordinal numbers end in -om (دوم). The -in suffix makes it a superlative 'the very first'.

Documentaries

Watch historical documentaries to hear 'نخستین' used in its natural habitat.

Pre-nominal Rule

Unlike 'خوب' or 'بزرگ', 'نخستین' always comes before the noun.

Elegance

Swap 'اولین' for 'نخستین' in a love letter or poem for extra romantic weight.

记住它

词源

Middle Persian (Pahlavi)

文化背景

Frequently appears in the Shahnameh to introduce the first kings of Iran.

Standard in BBC Persian and VOA Farsi headlines for breaking news.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"نخستین خاطره شما از کودکی چیست؟ (What is your first childhood memory?)"

"نخستین بار کی به ایران سفر کردید؟ (When did you first travel to Iran?)"

"نخستین کتابی که خواندید چه بود؟ (What was the first book you read?)"

"نخستین شغل شما چه بود؟ (What was your first job?)"

"نخستین تاثیر این شهر بر شما چه بود؟ (What was your first impression of this city?)"

日记主题

درباره نخستین روز مدرسه خود بنویسید. (Write about your first day of school.)

نخستین باری که احساس موفقیت کردید را توصیف کنید. (Describe the first time you felt successful.)

نخستین گام‌های خود را برای یادگیری زبان فارسی شرح دهید. (Explain your first steps in learning Persian.)

درباره نخستین دیدار با بهترین دوستتان بنویسید. (Write about the first meeting with your best friend.)

نخستین آرزوی بزرگ شما چه بود؟ (What was your first big dream?)

常见问题

10 个问题

It is grammatically possible but very rare and sounds archaic. Stick to 'نخستین روز'.

No, it can be used for objects, events, ideas, and people.

Meaning is identical, but 'نخستین' is formal/literary while 'اولین' is neutral/common.

Only in formal contexts like speeches or news. In a cafe, you'd use 'اولین'.

No, the adjective itself doesn't change, but the noun it modifies can be plural.

Rarely. Usually, it needs a noun to follow it, or you use 'اولی' as a noun.

You can say 'همان نخستین' or 'اولین اولین' (informal).

Yes, 'نخست‌وزیر' means 'Prime Minister' (the first/chief minister).

Yes, 'نخستین روز ماه' (the first day of the month).

Yes, it is of Indo-European/Persian origin, unlike 'اول' which is Arabic.

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