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波斯语
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ویرانگر

B2 adjective 10分钟阅读

ویرانگر

virân-gar

开始练习例句笔记与提示 ویرانگر 30秒了解

解析 ویرانگر in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word 'ویرانگر' (vīrāngar) might be a bit advanced, but you can understand it through its roots. 'Viran' means 'broken' or 'destroyed' on a big scale, like a city after a war. The '-gar' part means 'the person or thing that does it.' So, 'vīrāngar' is something that breaks things very badly. You might hear it in simple stories about big storms or bad giants. At this stage, focus on the idea that it is much stronger than 'kharāb' (broken). If your toy is 'kharāb', you are sad. If a city is 'vīrān', it is a disaster. You don't need to use this word often yet, but when you see it, think of a 'big destroyer.' It's an adjective, so it usually comes after the noun with a small 'e' sound connecting them, like 'tūfān-e vīrāngar' (destructive storm). Just remember: it's for big, scary destruction, not small things like a broken pencil. Learning it now helps you recognize it later in news or movies.

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By A2, you are starting to learn more adjectives to describe the world. 'ویرانگر' (vīrāngar) is a great word to describe natural disasters, which is a common topic in language learning. You can use it to talk about 'zelzeleh' (earthquake) or 'seyl' (flood). For example, 'Zelzeleh-ye vīrāngar' means 'The destructive earthquake.' It is important to know that this word describes the *cause* of the damage. The storm is 'vīrāngar' because it destroys houses. The houses are 'vīrān' because they are destroyed. Notice the difference! At this level, try to use it in simple sentences about nature or history. 'Jang vīrāngar ast' (War is destructive). This word helps you sound more expressive and shows you understand the difference between 'broken' (kharāb) and 'devastated' (vīrān/vīrāngar). You will mostly see it in reading passages about the environment or news headlines. Keep it in your 'emergency/big events' vocabulary box.

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At the B1 level, you can start using 'ویرانگر' (vīrāngar) in more abstract and emotional contexts. It's no longer just about buildings falling down; it's about things like 'enteghād' (criticism) or 'raftār' (behavior). If someone is very mean and ruins a friendship, you might call their behavior 'vīrāngar.' This level requires you to understand the 'ezafe' construction perfectly: 'asarāt-e vīrāngar-e e'tiyād' (the destructive effects of addiction). You should also be able to distinguish it from similar words like 'makhreb' (destructive - Arabic root) and 'nābūd-konandeh' (annihilating). While 'makhreb' is very common in formal writing, 'vīrāngar' has a slightly more literary and powerful 'Persian' feel. You might use it in an essay to describe the impact of a bad policy or a historical event. It shows you have a grasp of 'agentive' suffixes (like -gar) and can apply them to complex topics. Practice using it to describe the 'downside' of things in your speaking and writing tasks.

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At the B2 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of 'ویرانگر' (vīrāngar). You are expected to use it accurately in discussions about social issues, economics, and literature. You understand that this word carries a heavy 'register'—it's serious and formal. You can use it to describe 'sīyāsat-hā-ye vīrāngar' (destructive policies) in a debate about politics or 'nīrū-ye vīrāngar-e khashm' (the destructive force of anger) in a psychological context. You also recognize its presence in Persian poetry and classical literature, where 'vīrāneh' (ruins) is a common motif. At this stage, you should be able to explain *why* something is 'vīrāngar' using complex sentence structures. For example: 'In barnameh-ye eghtesadi be dalil-e adam-e modiriyat, asarati virangar bar ma'ishat-e mardom dasht' (This economic plan, due to lack of management, had destructive effects on people's livelihoods). You are also becoming aware of its synonyms and when to choose 'vīrāngar' over 'makhreb' to achieve a specific stylistic effect.

By C1, 'ویرانگر' (vīrāngar) is a tool for precision in your vocabulary. You use it to evoke specific imagery of desolation and ruin. You are capable of using it in academic papers or high-level professional reports. You might discuss the 'vīrāngar' nature of certain ideologies or the 'vīrāngar' impact of invasive species on an ecosystem. You understand the subtle cultural connotations—how the word connects to the long history of invasions and natural disasters in the Iranian plateau. You can use it in compound sentences and with advanced grammar, such as 'agar in ravand-e virangar edameh yabad...' (if this destructive trend continues...). You also appreciate the word's aesthetic value in prose, using it to create a sense of gravity or tragedy. You can contrast 'vīrāngar' with its opposite, 'ābād-gar' (one who makes things flourish/prosper), to discuss themes of development and decay. Your usage is indistinguishable from a native speaker's in terms of context and collocations.

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At the C2 level, you possess a masterly command of 'ویرانگر' (vīrāngar) and its place within the vast tapestry of Persian vocabulary. You can use it with effortless irony, metaphor, or deep philosophical intent. You might analyze how a certain author uses 'vīrāngar' to symbolize the loss of identity or the passage of time. You are aware of the word's history, from Middle Persian to its modern usage, and how its meaning has remained remarkably stable while its contexts have expanded. You can navigate the finest distinctions between 'vīrāngar,' 'makhreb,' 'munhadim-konandeh,' and 'vājigūn-sāz.' In your own creative or professional writing, you use 'vīrāngar' to strike exactly the right chord of devastation. You might use it in a speech to galvanize action against a 'vīrāngar' threat or in a poem to describe the 'vīrāngar' beauty of a sunset over ruins. For you, the word is not just a definition, but a concept tied to the cyclical nature of Persian history—the constant tension between 'vīrāni' (ruin) and 'ābādāni' (prosperity).

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

ویرانگر 30秒了解

Vīrāngar means 'destructive' or 'devastating.' It comes from the root 'viran' (ruin) and '-gar' (maker).
It is used for massive physical damage like earthquakes and wars, or deep emotional and social harm.
Grammatically, it follows the noun it modifies using the ezafe (e.g., tūfān-e vīrāngar).
It is a high-level (B2) word, common in news, literature, and formal discussions about serious topics.

The Persian word ویرانگر (vīrāngar) is a potent adjective that translates primarily to 'destructive' or 'devastating' in English. Etymologically, it is composed of two parts: vīrān (meaning 'ruined,' 'desolate,' or 'destroyed') and the suffix -gar, which denotes an agent or a doer (similar to '-er' or '-maker' in English). Therefore, a vīrāngar is literally a 'ruin-maker.' While it can describe physical destruction, its usage extends deep into the realms of emotion, economics, and social structures. It is a word that carries significant weight, often reserved for events or forces that leave a lasting, often irreversible, negative impact. In the context of natural disasters, an earthquake that levels a city is described as zelzeleh-ye vīrāngar. However, in a more abstract sense, a person's words can be vīrāngar if they shatter someone's confidence or a relationship.

Physical Impact: Used to describe floods, wars, and fires that physically demolish structures and landscapes.

Emotional Impact: Describes grief, criticism, or betrayal that ruins a person's mental well-being or spirit.

جنگ همیشه پیامدهای ویرانگری برای اقتصاد کشور دارد. (War always has destructive consequences for a country's economy.)

This word is frequently encountered in formal journalism, historical accounts, and literary works. In Persian literature, the concept of 'viran' (ruin) is often romanticized or used as a metaphor for the heart being destroyed by love, though vīrāngar itself leans more towards the terrifying power of that destruction. It is not a word used lightly in casual conversation; you wouldn't use it for a broken glass or a small mistake. It implies a scale of damage that is substantial and often tragic. For instance, a 'vīrāngar' storm is one that uproots trees and destroys homes, not just one that gets you wet. Understanding this word requires an appreciation for the Persian suffix '-gar,' which is also found in words like kārgar (worker) and āhangar (blacksmith), emphasizing that the subject is the active cause of the ruin.

اعتیاد یک نیروی ویرانگر در خانواده است. (Addiction is a destructive force in the family.)

In political discourse, policies might be labeled as vīrāngar if they lead to the collapse of social systems or the environment. The word evokes a sense of finality and gravity. It is the opposite of sāzandeh (constructive). While a teacher provides enteghād-e sāzandeh (constructive criticism), a bully provides enteghād-e vīrāngar (destructive criticism). This binary between building up and tearing down is central to the Persian worldview of progress and entropy. When reading Persian news, look for this word in headlines regarding climate change, conflict, or economic crises to see its full weight in action.

Using ویرانگر correctly involves placing it as an adjective after the noun it modifies, following the standard Persian ezafe construction. For example, 'destructive flood' becomes seyl-e vīrāngar. Because it is a powerful word, it often pairs with nouns that represent large-scale forces or profound concepts. It is rarely used for trivial matters. If you use it to describe a small coffee spill, it will sound like hyperbole or sarcasm. It is most effective when describing systemic failures or catastrophic events.

Natural Disasters: زلزله‌ی ویرانگر سال ۱۳۸۲ در بم هرگز فراموش نخواهد شد. (The destructive earthquake of 2003 in Bam will never be forgotten.)

طوفان ویرانگر تمام درختان باغ را از ریشه درآورد. (The destructive storm uprooted all the trees in the garden.)

When applying vīrāngar to human behavior or emotions, it often describes habits or traits that ruin lives. It can function as a predicate adjective as well, though it is less common than its use as an attributive adjective. For instance, 'The effects of this drug are destructive' translates to asarāt-e in dārū vīrāngar ast. Note that because it ends in 'r', it doesn't change for gender (as Persian lacks grammatical gender) or pluralization in the same way some English adjectives might. It remains constant, but the noun it modifies can take plural markers.

Social & Political Context: سیاست‌های ویرانگر اقتصادی باعث تورم شدید شد. (Destructive economic policies caused severe inflation.)

او با خشم ویرانگر خود همه چیز را خراب کرد. (With his destructive anger, he ruined everything.)

In academic writing, you might see vīrāngar used to describe the 'creative destruction' of markets or the 'destructive' nature of certain chemical reactions. However, in the vast majority of cases, it carries a negative connotation. If you want to emphasize the intensity of the destruction, you can add adverbs like besyār (very) or kam-nazīr (unparalleled). For example: yek sounāmi-ye besyār vīrāngar (a very destructive tsunami). This flexibility allows learners to express various degrees of devastation while maintaining the core meaning of the word.

The word ویرانگر is a staple of the Persian media landscape. If you tune into a news broadcast like BBC Persian or Iran International, you will frequently hear it in reports about international conflicts, environmental crises, or economic downturns. It provides the necessary emotional and descriptive weight for reporters to convey the severity of a situation. For instance, during the coverage of the earthquake in Turkey and Syria, the term zelzeleh-ye vīrāngar was used repeatedly to describe the scale of the tragedy. It's a word that signals to the listener: 'This is not just bad; this is catastrophic.'

News Media: Hear it in phrases like 'حملات ویرانگر هوایی' (destructive aerial attacks) or 'پیامدهای ویرانگر تغییرات اقلیمی' (destructive consequences of climate change).

گزارش‌ها از یک انفجار ویرانگر در مرکز شهر خبر می‌دهند. (Reports inform of a destructive explosion in the city center.)

Beyond the news, you will find vīrāngar in contemporary Persian cinema and literature. In dramas that deal with addiction or family breakdown, a character might describe another's behavior as vīrāngar. It captures the essence of a person who doesn't just make mistakes but actively dismantles the lives of those around them. In historical documentaries, the Mongol invasion of Iran is often described as hamleh-ye vīrāngar-e Moghol, highlighting the total destruction of libraries, cities, and irrigation systems that occurred during that period. This historical context gives the word a deep resonance in the Iranian collective memory.

این بیماری ویرانگر است و به سرعت پیشرفت می‌کند. (This disease is destructive and progresses rapidly.)

In academic and intellectual circles, you might hear it in discussions about 'destructive ideologies' or 'destructive technologies.' For example, a philosopher might speak about the nīrū-ye vīrāngar-e modernīteh (the destructive force of modernity) on traditional values. This shows that the word is not limited to physical rubble but is a versatile tool for describing any force that breaks down a complex, established system. Whether you are listening to a podcast about history or watching a soap opera, vīrāngar is the go-to word for expressing the highest level of damage and ruin.

One of the most common mistakes learners make with ویرانگر is confusing it with its related noun or passive forms. Vīrān is the adjective for 'ruined' (the state of the object), while vīrāngar is the adjective for 'destructive' (the quality of the agent). For example, you would say 'The house is ruined' (khāneh vīrān ast), but 'The storm is destructive' (tūfān vīrāngar ast). Using vīrāngar to describe the house would imply the house itself is actively destroying something else, which is usually not the intended meaning.

Confusion with 'Viran': Wrong: شهرهای ویرانگر (Destructive cities - unless they are destroying others). Correct: شهرهای ویران (Ruined cities).

اشتباه نکنید: ویرانگر یعنی نابودکننده، نه نابود شده. (Don't make a mistake: 'virangar' means destroyer, not destroyed.)

Another mistake is using vīrāngar for minor damage. Persian has other words like kharāb or sadameh-zade for smaller-scale issues. If your phone screen is cracked, it is shakasteh or kharāb, but never vīrān or vīrāngar. Using such a heavy word for a minor inconvenience can sound comical or overly dramatic. It’s also important to distinguish vīrāngar from kharābkār. While vīrāngar describes something destructive, kharābkār usually refers to a 'saboteur' or someone who causes trouble/mischief, often in a more intentional or petty way.

Overuse/Hyperbole: Avoid using it for everyday mishaps. It is reserved for 'epic' or 'tragic' levels of destruction.

زلزله ویرانگر بود، اما ساختمان‌های مقاوم ویران نشدند. (The earthquake was destructive, but the resistant buildings were not ruined.)

Finally, watch the pronunciation. Some learners might confuse the long 'ī' in vīrāngar with a short 'e', pronouncing it like 'verangar'. The correct pronunciation starts with a clear 'vī' sound, similar to 'v-ee' in English. Mispronouncing it can lead to confusion with other roots. Also, ensure the 'g' is hard, as in 'goat'. Mastery of this word requires both the correct grammatical application and the appropriate situational gravity.

While ویرانگر is a powerful and specific word, Persian offers several synonyms and related terms depending on the nuance you want to convey. Understanding these alternatives will help you choose the right level of formality and intensity. The most common synonym is nābūd-konandeh (annihilating/destroying). While vīrāngar often implies physical ruin or desolation, nābūd-konandeh is more focused on the total disappearance or erasure of something. You might use nābūd-konandeh for a weapon that vaporizes a target.

ویرانگر vs. مخرب (makhreb): 'Makhreb' is the Arabic-rooted equivalent. It is very common in formal and technical contexts (e.g., destructive testing). 'Virangar' feels slightly more literary and evocative.

اشعه‌های مخرب خورشید برای پوست مضر هستند. (The destructive rays of the sun are harmful to the skin.)

Another alternative is khānemān-sūz (home-burning). This is a highly idiomatic and poetic word used to describe something that destroys one's entire life, family, and home. It is frequently used to describe the effects of addiction or extreme poverty. If vīrāngar is a broad brush, khānemān-sūz is a very specific, emotionally charged term. For more general damage, you might use ziyānbār (harmful/detrimental) or khasārat-bār (costly/damaging), which focus more on the loss and the bill rather than the physical ruins.

خانمان‌سوز (khānemān-sūz): Specifically used for social ills like addiction: 'اعتیاد بلایی خانمان‌سوز است' (Addiction is a home-destroying calamity).

این داروها اثرات نابودکننده‌ای بر کبد دارند. (These drugs have annihilating effects on the liver.)

In a more poetic or archaic sense, you might encounter tabāh-konandeh (ruinous/spoiling). This refers to something that corrupts or leads to a state of decay and ruin. While vīrāngar is like a sledgehammer, tabāh-konandeh is like rot. Choosing between these words depends on whether the destruction is a sudden, violent event or a slow, corruptive process. By mastering these synonyms, you can express the exact nature of the 'destruction' you are describing in Persian.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The root 'viran' is often contrasted in Persian culture with 'ābād' (prosperous/populated). Iranian kings historically prided themselves on turning 'vīrāneh' (ruins) into 'ābādāni' (prosperity).

发音指南

UK /viːrɒːnˈɡær/

US /viːrɑːnˈɡær/

The stress is on the final syllable '-gar'.

押韵词

Kārgar (Worker) Āhangar (Blacksmith) Tavāngar (Powerful/Wealthy) Sāzandegār (Creator - archaic) Rūzgār (Era/Time) Yādgār (Memento/Souvenir) Mandegār (Lasting) Shetābgār (Hurried - rare)

常见错误

Pronouncing 'vī' as 've' (short e).
Pronouncing 'an' as a short nasal English 'an' (like 'man'). In Persian, it is deeper and more rounded (like 'awn').
Putting the stress on the first syllable 'vī-'.
Softening the 'g' into a 'j' sound.
Missing the long 'i' sound in the first syllable.

难度评级

阅读 4/5

Common in news and literature, but requires understanding of ezafe and agentive suffixes.

写作 5/5

Requires careful use to avoid hyperbole in casual contexts.

口语 5/5

Pronunciation of 'an' and stress on the last syllable are key.

听力 4/5

Distinctive sound, but can be confused with 'viran' or 'makhreb' if not paying attention.

接下来学什么

前置知识

خراب (kharāb) ساختن (sākhtan) آتش (ātash) جنگ (jang) باد (bād)

接下来学习

منهدم (munhadim) فروپاشی (forūpāshī) آبادانی (ābādānī) خسارت (khasārat) فاجعه (fāje'eh)

高级

اضمحلال (ezmehlāl) تلاشی (talāshī) استهلاک (estehlāk) قحطی (ghatī) نکبت (nekbat)

需要掌握的语法

Ezafe Construction

سیلِ ویرانگر (seyl-e vīrāngar) - The 'e' sound connects the noun to the adjective.

Agentive Suffix '-gar'

آهنگر (Blacksmith), کارگر (Worker), ویرانگر (Destroyer).

Superlative Adjectives

ویرانگرترین (The most destructive) - adding '-tarin'.

Comparative Adjectives

ویرانگرتر (More destructive) - adding '-tar'.

Abstract Noun Formation

ویرانگری (Destructiveness) - adding the 'i' suffix to the adjective.

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按水平分级的例句

طوفان ویرانگر بود.

The storm was destructive.

Simple subject + adjective + verb 'was'.

او یک دیو ویرانگر است.

He is a destructive giant/demon.

Using the word as a character trait in a simple story.

آتش ویرانگر است.

Fire is destructive.

General statement about a force of nature.

سیل ویرانگر آمد.

The destructive flood came.

Adjective modifying the subject 'flood'.

این بمب ویرانگر است.

This bomb is destructive.

Describing a dangerous object.

زلزله‌ی ویرانگر را دیدی؟

Did you see the destructive earthquake?

Question using the ezafe 'ye'.

جنگ ویرانگر است.

War is destructive.

Abstract concept as a subject.

باد ویرانگر درخت را انداخت.

The destructive wind knocked down the tree.

Adjective + Noun + Object + Verb.

آن‌ها از یک حمله‌ی ویرانگر می‌ترسند.

They are afraid of a destructive attack.

Preposition 'az' (from/of) followed by the noun phrase.

این بیماری برای بدن ویرانگر است.

This disease is destructive for the body.

Describing the effect of a disease.

ما باید جلوی این نیروی ویرانگر را بگیریم.

We must stop this destructive force.

Using 'jolo-ye ... ra gereftan' (to stop/prevent).

زلزله‌ی ویرانگر خانه‌های زیادی را خراب کرد.

The destructive earthquake destroyed many houses.

Subject with adjective + direct object + verb.

دروغ می‌تواند ویرانگر باشد.

A lie can be destructive.

Using the modal 'tavānestan' (can/be able to).

طوفان ویرانگر به شهر نزدیک می‌شود.

The destructive storm is approaching the city.

Present continuous sense with 'nazdik shodan'.

او قدرت ویرانگر طبیعت را می‌شناسد.

He knows the destructive power of nature.

Direct object with 'ra' and ezafe.

این سلاح بسیار ویرانگر است.

This weapon is very destructive.

Using 'besyār' (very) as an intensifier.

انتقاد ویرانگر باعث کاهش اعتماد به نفس می‌شود.

Destructive criticism causes a decrease in self-confidence.

Using abstract nouns like 'enteghād' and 'e'temād be nafs'.

پیامدهای ویرانگر این تصمیم سال‌ها باقی خواهد ماند.

The destructive consequences of this decision will remain for years.

Future tense with 'khāhad mānd'.

اعتیاد یک بلای ویرانگر برای کل جامعه است.

Addiction is a destructive calamity for the whole society.

Using 'balā' (calamity) as a strong noun.

نویسنده در کتاب خود از جنگ‌های ویرانگر تاریخ می‌گوید.

The author talks about the destructive wars of history in his book.

Preposition 'az' used with 'goftan' (to talk about).

خشم ویرانگر او باعث شد که همه‌ی دوستانش را از دست بدهد.

His destructive anger caused him to lose all his friends.

Using 'ba'es shod ke' (caused that/resulted in).

ما باید از محیط زیست در برابر آلودگی‌های ویرانگر محافظت کنیم.

We must protect the environment against destructive pollutions.

Using 'mohafezat kardan' (to protect).

این ویروس ویرانگر سیستم‌های کامپیوتری را از کار انداخت.

This destructive virus disabled the computer systems.

Using 'az kar andakhtan' (to disable/put out of work).

او با یک نگاه ویرانگر به من پاسخ داد.

He replied to me with a destructive look.

Using 'negāh' (look/glance) metaphorically.

سیاست‌های ویرانگر اقتصادی منجر به فروپاشی بازار شد.

Destructive economic policies led to the collapse of the market.

Using 'monjar be ... shod' (led to ...).

این داروی شیمیایی اثرات ویرانگری بر سلول‌های سالم دارد.

This chemical drug has destructive effects on healthy cells.

Indefinite plural with 'i' (virangari).

تغییرات اقلیمی پدیده‌ای ویرانگر برای جزایر کوچک است.

Climate change is a destructive phenomenon for small islands.

Using 'padideh' (phenomenon).

او در سخنرانی خود از پتانسیل ویرانگر هوش مصنوعی هشدار داد.

In his speech, he warned of the destructive potential of AI.

Using 'potansiyel' (potential) in a formal context.

رابطه‌ی آن‌ها به دلیل سوءظن‌های ویرانگر به پایان رسید.

Their relationship ended due to destructive suspicions.

Using 'be dalil-e' (due to).

زلزله‌ی بم یکی از ویرانگرترین حوادث تاریخ معاصر ایران است.

The Bam earthquake is one of the most destructive events in Iran's contemporary history.

Superlative form 'virangartarin'.

استفاده‌ی بی‌رویه از منابع طبیعی پیامد ویرانگری خواهد داشت.

Indiscriminate use of natural resources will have a destructive consequence.

Future tense with 'khāhad dāsht'.

او با کلمات ویرانگر خود، تمام تلاش‌های تیم را نابود کرد.

With his destructive words, he destroyed all the team's efforts.

Using 'ba' (with) to describe the means of destruction.

منتقدان معتقدند که این لایحه دارای ابعاد ویرانگری برای آزادی بیان است.

Critics believe this bill has destructive dimensions for freedom of speech.

Formal phrasing 'dārā-ye ab'ād-e ...' (having dimensions of...).

قدرت ویرانگر بمب اتمی جهان را برای همیشه تغییر داد.

The destructive power of the atomic bomb changed the world forever.

Noun phrase as the subject of a transformative verb.

او به واکاوی ریشه‌های ویرانگر خشونت در جوامع مدرن پرداخت.

He proceeded to analyze the destructive roots of violence in modern societies.

Using 'be ... pardākhtan' (to engage in/proceed to).

تکنولوژی به همان اندازه که سازنده است، می‌تواند ویرانگر نیز باشد.

Technology can be just as destructive as it is constructive.

Comparative structure 'be hamān andāzeh ke...'.

این هنرمند در آثارش به بازنمایی زیبایی‌های ویرانگر می‌پردازد.

In his works, this artist represents destructive beauties.

Oxymoron usage of 'zibayi' (beauty) and 'virangar'.

ایدئولوژی‌های ویرانگر در قرن بیستم میلیون‌ها انسان را به کام مرگ فرستادند.

Destructive ideologies in the 20th century sent millions of humans to their deaths.

Idiomatic 'be kām-e marg ferestādan' (to send to the jaws of death).

فساد اداری مانند یک موریانه‌ی ویرانگر پایه‌های دولت را می‌جود.

Administrative corruption, like a destructive termite, gnaws at the foundations of the state.

Simile using 'mānand-e' (like).

او از تأثیرات ویرانگر شبکه‌های اجتماعی بر سلامت روان جوانان سخن گفت.

He spoke about the destructive effects of social networks on the mental health of youth.

Formal 'sokhan goftan' (to speak/discourse).

در این جستار، ماهیت ویرانگر زمان بر ابنیه‌ی تاریخی بررسی شده است.

In this essay, the destructive nature of time on historical buildings has been examined.

Passive voice 'barresi shodeh ast' in an academic context.

او با نگاهی نیهیلیستی، جهان را مجموعه‌ای از نیروهای ویرانگر می‌بیند.

With a nihilistic outlook, he sees the world as a collection of destructive forces.

Using 'majmu'eh-i az' (a collection of) and philosophical terms.

دیالکتیک میان نیروهای سازنده و ویرانگر، موتور محرک تاریخ است.

The dialectic between constructive and destructive forces is the driving engine of history.

Complex philosophical subject using 'diyalektik'.

شعر او تجسمی از اندوهی ویرانگر است که کلمات از بیان آن عاجزند.

His poetry is an embodiment of a destructive sorrow that words are incapable of expressing.

Using 'tajassom' (embodiment) and 'ājez' (incapable).

پروژه با چنان شتاب ویرانگری پیش رفت که تمام ملاحظات زیست‌محیطی نادیده گرفته شد.

The project proceeded with such destructive haste that all environmental considerations were ignored.

Using 'chonān ... ke' (such ... that).

او بر این باور است که سکوت گاهی می‌تواند از فریاد هم ویرانگرتر باشد.

He believes that silence can sometimes be even more destructive than a scream.

Comparative 'virangartar' with 'az' (than).

سقوط ارزش پول ملی، ضربه‌ای ویرانگر بر پیکره‌ی لرزان اقتصاد وارد کرد.

The fall of the national currency's value dealt a destructive blow to the trembling body of the economy.

Metaphorical 'peykar-e larzān' (trembling body).

در تراژدی‌های کلاسیک، غرور اغلب به عنوان یک ویژگی ویرانگر عمل می‌کند.

In classical tragedies, pride often acts as a destructive trait.

Formal literary analysis.

常见搭配

زلزله‌ی ویرانگر

طوفان ویرانگر

جنگ ویرانگر

انتقاد ویرانگر

سیاست‌های ویرانگر

نیروی ویرانگر

اثرات ویرانگر

حمله‌ی ویرانگر

بیماری ویرانگر

قدرت ویرانگر

常用短语

پیامدهای ویرانگر

— Destructive consequences. Used to warn about the long-term bad results of an action.

این کار پیامدهای ویرانگری خواهد داشت.

نقش ویرانگر

— Destructive role. Used when a person or factor is the main cause of a failure.

او نقش ویرانگری در این پروژه داشت.

ابعاد ویرانگر

— Destructive dimensions. Refers to the various ways something causes damage.

ابعاد ویرانگر این بحران هنوز مشخص نیست.

پتانسیل ویرانگر

— Destructive potential. Used for something that could cause damage but hasn't yet.

این تکنولوژی پتانسیل ویرانگری دارد.

روند ویرانگر

— Destructive trend/process. Used for a continuing situation that is causing ruin.

باید جلوی این روند ویرانگر را گرفت.

ترکیب ویرانگر

— Destructive combination. When two things together create a disaster.

ترکیب فقر و نادانی ویرانگر است.

خشم ویرانگر

— Destructive anger. Anger that leads to ruinous actions.

او گرفتار خشم ویرانگر خود شد.

اقتصاد ویرانگر

— Destructive economy (system). A system that ruins wealth or lives.

او علیه این اقتصاد ویرانگر مبارزه می‌کند.

عشق ویرانگر

— Destructive love. A passion that ruins the person or their life.

داستان یک عشق ویرانگر و پردرد.

ابزار ویرانگر

— Destructive tool. Something used specifically to cause ruin.

شایعه ابزاری ویرانگر در دست دشمن است.

容易混淆的词

ویرانگر vs ویران (vīrān)

'Viran' is the state (ruined), 'virangar' is the cause (destructive). A house is viran; a bomb is virangar.

ویرانگر vs خرابکار (kharābkār)

'Kharabkar' is a person who causes trouble or sabotage (a saboteur). 'Virangar' is a force or quality of being destructive.

ویرانگر vs مخرب (makhreb)

Very similar, but 'makhreb' is Arabic-rooted and often used in more technical or scientific contexts.

习语与表达

"سیل ویرانگر"

— Literally a destructive flood, but often used metaphorically for an overwhelming influx of bad news or problems.

سیل ویرانگر مشکلات به سوی او سرازیر شد.

Journalistic/Literary

"تبر ویرانگر"

— The destructive axe. Used for policies or actions that cut down something valuable (like culture or nature).

تبر ویرانگر مدرنیته بر پیکر سنت.

Academic/Literary

"توفان ویرانگر خشم"

— The destructive storm of anger. Describes a sudden, uncontrollable outburst that ruins things.

توفان ویرانگر خشم او همه را ترساند.

Literary

"موج ویرانگر"

— Destructive wave. Often used for economic inflation or social movements that cause chaos.

موج ویرانگر گرانی در بازار.

Journalistic

"آتش ویرانگر"

— Destructive fire. Can refer to literal fire or metaphorically to passion, war, or jealousy.

آتش ویرانگر حسادت زندگی‌اش را سوخت.

Literary

"دست ویرانگر"

— The destructive hand. Refers to the hidden or obvious influence that ruins a situation.

دست ویرانگر سیاست در هنر.

Political/Critical

"نگاه ویرانگر"

— Destructive look. A gaze so intense, cold, or hateful that it feels like it's destroying the recipient.

او با نگاهی ویرانگر سکوت را شکست.

Literary

"صدای ویرانگر"

— Destructive sound. Usually refers to a noise so loud it causes damage or a voice that delivers ruinous news.

صدای ویرانگر انفجار شهر را لرزاند.

Journalistic

"فکر ویرانگر"

— Destructive thought. A mindset or idea that leads to personal or social ruin.

او باید از این فکرهای ویرانگر دوری کند.

Psychological

"چرخه‌ی ویرانگر"

— Destructive cycle. A 'vicious cycle' where one bad event leads to another, causing continuous ruin.

شکستن این چرخه‌ی ویرانگر فقر دشوار است.

Sociological

容易混淆

ویرانگر vs ویرانه

Sounds similar and shares the root.

'Viraneh' is a noun meaning 'the ruins' (the physical place). 'Virangar' is an adjective.

آن‌ها در میان ویرانه‌ها (ruins) به دنبال طلا بودند.

ویرانگر vs ویرانگری

It is the noun form of the adjective.

'Virangari' is the concept of 'destructiveness' or the act itself. 'Virangar' describes the thing.

او از ویرانگری (destructiveness) لذت می‌برد.

ویرانگر vs نابود

Both relate to destruction.

'Nabud' means non-existent or destroyed (state). 'Virangar' means causing destruction (agent).

شهر کاملاً نابود (destroyed) شد.

ویرانگر vs زیان‌بار

Both are negative adjectives.

'Ziyan-bar' means harmful or causing loss. 'Virangar' is much more intense, meaning causing total ruin.

این یک معامله‌ی زیان‌بار (harmful/losing) بود.

ویرانگر vs مهلک

Both describe bad things.

'Mohlek' means deadly (causing death). 'Virangar' means destructive (causing ruin to structures or systems).

یک سم مهلک (deadly poison).

句型

[Noun] + [Adjective] + [Verb].

طوفان ویرانگر بود.

[Noun] + [Ezafe] + ویرانگر + [Object] + را + [Verb].

زلزله‌ی ویرانگر خانه‌ها را خراب کرد.

ویرانگر + [Noun] + [Verb Phrase].

انتقاد ویرانگر اعتماد به نفس را از بین می‌برد.

[Subject] + دارای + [Noun] + ویرانگر + است.

این دارو دارای اثرات ویرانگر است.

اگرچه [Clause], اما [Noun] ویرانگر ...

اگرچه باران خوب است، اما سیل ویرانگر محصول را نابود کرد.

به دلیلِ [Noun phrase] ویرانگر، [Result].

به دلیل سیاست‌های ویرانگر، اقتصاد فروپاشید.

دیالکتیکِ [Noun] و [Noun] ویرانگر ...

دیالکتیکِ سنت و مدرنیته‌ی ویرانگر در آثار او مشهود است.

[Metaphor] + ویرانگر + [Verb].

تبر ویرانگر زمان بر پیکر تاریخ فرود آمد.

词族

名词

ویرانی (vīrānī) - Ruin/Destruction (state)

ویرانه (vīrāneh) - A ruin (physical structure)

ویرانگری (vīrāngarī) - Destructiveness/The act of destroying

动词

ویران کردن (vīrān kardan) - To destroy/To ruin

ویران شدن (vīrān shodan) - To be destroyed/To fall into ruin

形容词

ویران (vīrān) - Ruined/Desolate

ویرانگر (vīrāngar) - Destructive

ویران‌کننده (vīrān-konandeh) - Destroying (synonym)

如何使用

frequency

High in news/literature; Low in daily casual chat.

常见错误

Using 'vīrāngar' for 'vīrān'. → Building is 'vīrān'; Storm is 'vīrāngar'.
Learners often use the 'agent' form for the 'state'. 'Vīrāngar' is the one doing the destroying.
Pronouncing it 'verangar'. → vīrāngar (long 'i').
The first syllable must have a long 'i' sound like 'see', not a short 'e' like 'met'.
Using it for minor damage. → Use 'kharāb' for a broken chair.
Using 'vīrāngar' for small things is hyperbole and can sound unnatural or sarcastic.
Missing the ezafe. → tūfān-e vīrāngar.
You must connect the noun and adjective with the 'e' sound (ezafe).
Confusing it with 'kharābkār'. → A saboteur is 'kharābkār'; A storm is 'vīrāngar'.
'Kharabkar' is usually a person causing trouble; 'virangar' is a quality of destruction.

小贴士

Save it for Disasters

Keep 'vīrāngar' for big events like earthquakes or wars. Using it for a broken glass sounds like you're in a Shakespeare play!

The Ezafe Connection

Remember the 'e' sound! It's 'zelzeleh-ye vīrāngar' (the destructive earthquake). The 'ye' or 'e' is the bridge between the noun and its adjective.

The '-gar' Family

Learn other '-gar' words like 'kārgar' (worker) and 'āhangar' (blacksmith) to remember that '-gar' always means the person doing the job.

Stress the End

In Persian, adjectives usually have the stress on the last syllable. Say: vī-rān-GAR.

Watch the News

Persian news is full of this word. Listen for it during weather reports or political segments to hear its natural rhythm.

Abstract Power

Try using it with abstract nouns like 'khashm' (anger) or 'enteghād' (criticism) to level up your descriptive writing.

V for Violent

Associate the 'V' in 'Vīrāngar' with 'Violent destruction' to remember its intensity.

Contrast with Ābād

Remember that 'vīrān' (ruined) is the opposite of 'ābād' (prosperous). This helps you understand the cultural weight of the word.

Listen for the 'An'

The 'an' in 'vīrān' is a deep, rounded sound in Iranian Persian. Practicing this will make you sound much more native.

Poetic Touch

In literature, this word adds a tragic and serious tone. Use it when you want your writing to feel 'heavy' and impactful.

记住它

记忆技巧

Imagine a giant named 'Viran' who is a 'Gar' (maker). He is a 'Viran-maker'—someone who makes ruins. Every time he steps, a city becomes 'viran'.

视觉联想

Picture a 'V' shaped lightning bolt striking a building and turning it into 'R'uins. V...R... Virangar.

Word Web

ویران (Ruined) ویرانه (Ruins) ویرانی (Destruction) ویرانگری (Destructiveness) ویران کردن (To destroy) ویرانگرانه (Destructively) آباد (Prosperous - opposite) گر (Suffix: Doer)

挑战

Try to find three things in a news headline today that could be described as 'ویرانگر'. Write them down in Persian using the ezafe construction.

词源

Derived from the Middle Persian (Pahlavi) word 'wīrān', which means desolate or ruined. The suffix '-gar' is a productive agentive suffix in Persian, originating from the Old Persian '-kara' (maker/doer).

原始含义： The core sense has always been related to making a place 'viran'—turning a populated or functional area into a wasteland or ruin.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> West Iranian -> Persian.

文化背景

Be careful when using this word to describe people's actions in social settings, as it is a very strong accusation of causing total ruin.

While English uses 'destructive' for everything from a bad habit to a hurricane, Persian speakers might prefer 'vīrāngar' for the more 'epic' or 'catastrophic' end of that scale.

The 2003 Bam Earthquake (Zelzeleh-ye vīrāngar-e Bam). Historical accounts of the Mongol invasion (Hamleh-ye vīrāngar-e Moghol). Modern environmental documentaries about 'Tashkhis-e vīrāngar' (destructive diagnosis) of climate change.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Natural Disasters

زلزله‌ی ویرانگر
سیل ویرانگر
طوفان ویرانگر
قدرت ویرانگر طبیعت

War and Conflict

جنگ ویرانگر
حمله‌ی ویرانگر
سلاح‌های ویرانگر
بمباران ویرانگر

Economics

سیاست‌های ویرانگر
تورم ویرانگر
بحران ویرانگر
اثرات ویرانگر بر بازار

Psychology/Relationships

انتقاد ویرانگر
خشم ویرانگر
رفتار ویرانگر
رابطه‌ی ویرانگر

Health and Disease

بیماری ویرانگر
ویروس ویرانگر
اثرات ویرانگر دارو
اعتیاد ویرانگر

对话开场白

"به نظر شما ویرانگرترین حادثه‌ی طبیعی تاریخ چیست؟ (What do you think is the most destructive natural disaster in history?)"

"چگونه می‌توان از اثرات ویرانگر تغییرات اقلیمی جلوگیری کرد؟ (How can we prevent the destructive effects of climate change?)"

"آیا تا به حال با یک انتقاد ویرانگر روبرو شده‌اید؟ (Have you ever faced destructive criticism?)"

"به نظر شما جنگ‌ها همیشه ویرانگر هستند یا گاهی لازم؟ (Do you think wars are always destructive or sometimes necessary?)"

"کدام کتاب یا فیلم تصویر ویرانگرتری از آینده نشان می‌دهد؟ (Which book or movie shows a more destructive image of the future?)"

日记主题

درباره‌ی زمانی بنویسید که یک نیروی ویرانگر (مثل طوفان یا یک خبر بد) زندگی شما را تغییر داد. (Write about a time a destructive force changed your life.)

تفاوت بین انتقاد سازنده و ویرانگر را با مثال توضیح دهید. (Explain the difference between constructive and destructive criticism with examples.)

چگونه یک جامعه می‌تواند بعد از یک جنگ ویرانگر دوباره ساخته شود؟ (How can a society be rebuilt after a destructive war?)

آیا تکنولوژی بیشتر سازنده است یا ویرانگر؟ نظر خود را بنویسید. (Is technology more constructive or destructive? Write your opinion.)

یک داستان کوتاه درباره‌ی موجودی بنویسید که قدرت ویرانگر دارد اما نمی‌خواهد از آن استفاده کند. (Write a short story about a creature with destructive power who doesn't want to use it.)

常见问题

10 个问题

Yes, but it's very strong. It describes someone whose actions or personality destroy things, relationships, or lives. It's not a common way to describe someone unless they are truly catastrophic. For example, 'او یک شخصیت ویرانگر دارد' means 'He has a destructive personality.'

'Makhreb' comes from Arabic and is often used in formal, technical, or scientific contexts (like 'destructive testing'). 'Virangar' is pure Persian and feels more literary and evocative. In many news contexts, they are interchangeable, but 'virangar' sounds slightly more powerful.

No, that would be very dramatic! For a broken phone, use 'kharāb' or 'shekasteh'. 'Virangar' is reserved for things like earthquakes, wars, or deep psychological ruin.

You can say 'khod-vīrāngar' (خودویرانگر). It is used just like in English to describe behaviors that ruin one's own life or health.

Almost always. In very rare academic contexts, someone might talk about 'creative destruction' (vīrāngarī-ye khallāgh), but in 99% of cases, it refers to something tragic and harmful.

It's common in the news and in books, but people don't use it every day in casual conversation unless they are talking about something very serious like a disaster or a major life crisis.

The root is 'vīrān', which means ruined or desolate. The suffix '-gar' means 'the one who does' or 'maker.' Together they mean 'the maker of ruins.'

If you are talking about people (destroyers), you say 'vīrāngarān'. If you are talking about things (destructive forces), you say 'vīrāngarhā'.

Yes, it can mean 'a destroyer.' For example: 'او ویرانگرِ آرزوهای من بود' (He was the destroyer of my dreams).

The related verb is 'vīrān kardan' (to destroy/ruin) or 'vīrān shodan' (to be destroyed/ruined).

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