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A2 noun #6,500 最常用 10分钟阅读

ساق

Q: How do I say 'shin guard' in Persian?

The word is 'Sāq-band' (ساقبند).

Q: How do I say 'knee-high boots'?

You say 'chakme-ye sāq-boland' (چکمه ساقبلند).

saq 前6,500

开始练习例句笔记与提示 ساق 30秒了解

解析 ساق in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know 'Sāq' as a part of the body. Think of it as a sub-category of 'Pā' (leg). You might learn it when naming body parts: 'Sāq' is the part below the 'Zānū' (knee). You will likely see it in simple sentences like 'My leg (Sāq) is long' or 'The chicken leg (Sāq-e morgh) is tasty'. At this stage, don't worry about geometry or complex idioms. Just associate 'Sāq' with the lower leg. It is a simple noun. You can remember it by its short sound, similar to 'sock' (which covers the 'Sāq'). In A1, you might also see it in the context of 'Sāq-e Talaei' biscuits, which are very famous in Iran. If you go to a grocery store, you can point to them and say 'Sāq-e Talaei mikhāham'. This helps you memorize the word through a very common cultural object. Focus on the physical location: between the knee and the foot. If you point to your shin and say 'Sāq', any Persian speaker will understand you. It's a foundational word for physical description.

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At the A2 level, you start using 'Sāq' to describe clothes and simple physical activities. You will learn 'Sāq-boland' (long-shaft) and 'Sāq-kūtau' (short-shaft) for socks and boots. This is very practical for shopping. You might say, 'I want long socks' (Jūrāb-e sāq-boland mikhāham). You also begin to use it in basic health contexts. If you have a cramp after gym class, you can say 'Sāq-e pāyam dard mikonad'. You should also be able to distinguish between 'Rān' (thigh) and 'Sāq' (shin/calf). In A2, you are expected to use the Ezāfe construction correctly: 'Sāq-e man' (my shin). You might also encounter 'Sāq-dūsh' in the context of weddings, as you learn about family and celebrations. You don't need to know the deep etymology, just that a 'Sāq-dūsh' is a helper at a wedding. You should also be able to describe a plant's stem using 'Sāqe', recognizing its relationship to 'Sāq'.

By B1, you should be comfortable using 'Sāq' in more diverse contexts, including sports and basic geometry. In a sports context, you'll talk about 'Sāq-band' (shin guards) and why they are important for safety. You will use 'Sāq' to describe exercise routines, like 'calf raises'. In geometry, you will learn that an isosceles triangle has two equal 'Sāq'. This level requires you to understand the word in compound forms. You might read a short story where a character has 'tired shins' after a long journey. You should also understand the difference between 'Sāq' (the region) and 'Qalam-e pā' (the bone specifically). Your vocabulary is expanding to include adjectives like 'azalānī' (muscular), so you can say 'Sāq-hā-ye azalānī' (muscular calves). You are also becoming aware of common phrases like 'Sāq rū-ye sāq andākhtan' (crossing one's legs while sitting), which is a common posture description.

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At the B2 level, 'Sāq' appears in more idiomatic and literary contexts. You will understand how 'Sāq' is used in poetry to describe beauty or strength. You will encounter the word in news reports, perhaps about a footballer's 'Sāq-e talāyī' (golden leg/shin) scoring a goal. You should be able to discuss the botanical aspects of 'Sāqe' in more detail, such as 'Sāqe-ye gīyāh' (plant stem) in a biology context. You will also understand the architectural use of 'Sāq' as the shaft of a pillar in historical descriptions of Persepolis. At this stage, you can use the word metaphorically. You might hear 'Sāq-e narm' to describe a lack of endurance. You are expected to handle the plural 'Sāq-hā' and various possessive forms fluently. You also understand the cultural nuances of 'Sāq-dūsh' and can explain its role in a Persian wedding in detail. Your ability to distinguish between registers (formal vs. informal) when using 'Sāq' or 'Qalam-e pā' is improving.

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At C1, you explore the nuances of 'Sāq' in classical Persian literature and specialized fields. You might analyze a poem by Hafez or Rumi where 'Sāq' is used to describe the grace of a beloved or the 'Sāq-e sa'īd' (prosperous leg/step). You will understand technical anatomical terms where 'Sāq' is a base for medical jargon. You can participate in complex discussions about fashion history, such as the evolution of 'Sāq-push' (leg warmers) or traditional Iranian footwear like 'Gīveh' and how they relate to the 'Sāq'. You will also encounter 'Sāq' in legal or forensic contexts, describing injuries with high precision. Your understanding of the word is now deeply tied to its Indo-European roots and its evolution from Middle Persian. You can use 'Sāq' in sophisticated metaphors about stability and foundations in political or social discourse, e.g., the 'Sāq' of an institution. You are also aware of rare synonyms and archaic uses in old manuscripts.

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At the C2 level, you have a near-native grasp of 'Sāq' across all domains. You can interpret the most obscure poetic references where 'Sāq' might symbolize the axis mundi or a divine pillar. You understand the word's role in complex architectural terminology for different types of column shafts in Islamic and Pre-Islamic architecture. You can write academic papers on botany or anatomy using 'Sāq' and its derivatives with perfect accuracy. You are familiar with regional dialects where 'Sāq' might have slightly different pronunciations or local meanings. You can effortlessly switch between the most colloquial slang involving 'Sāq' and the most formal, archaic language. You understand the subtle wordplay that Iranian authors might use, involving 'Sāq', 'Sāqe', and 'Sāghī' (cup-bearer - a different root but often played with in poetry). Your mastery includes knowing every possible idiom, proverb, and cultural association the word carries in the Persian-speaking world.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

ساق 30秒了解

Sāq means the lower leg (shin/calf) in Persian anatomy.
It also refers to plant stems (as Sāqe) and column shafts.
Commonly used in sports (shin guards) and fashion (sock length).
Distinguished from 'Rān' (thigh) and 'Pā' (whole leg/foot).

The Persian word ساق (Sāq) is a fundamental anatomical and botanical term used to describe a slender, supporting structure. In its primary human anatomical context, it refers specifically to the lower leg—the region extending from the knee down to the ankle. For English speakers, this encompasses both the shin (the front part) and the calf (the back part), though in medical Persian, more specific terms might be used for the tibia and fibula. Understanding this word is essential for daily conversation, medical visits, and even shopping for clothing or sports gear in Iran.

Anatomical Context: In everyday Persian, if someone says their leg hurts, they might say 'Pāyam dard mikonad'. However, to be specific about the area below the knee, they use 'Sāq-e pā'. This is crucial when describing injuries or physical attributes. For instance, athletes often focus on strengthening their 'Sāq' (calves) during workouts.

فوتبالیست‌ها همیشه از محافظ ساق استفاده می‌کنند تا آسیب نبینند.

Translation: Footballers always use shin guards to avoid injury.

Botanical Context: Interestingly, the word is also the root for 'Sāqe', which means the stem or stalk of a plant. While 'Sāq' is often used for the human leg, in older literature or specific botanical descriptions, 'Sāq' can refer to the trunk of a tree or the main stem of a flower, emphasizing the structural support it provides to the organism.

این چکمه‌های ساق بلند برای زمستان بسیار گرم هستند.

Translation: These long-shaft boots are very warm for winter.

Architectural and Geometrical Usage: In geometry, 'Sāq' refers to the legs of an isosceles triangle or the sides of a trapezoid. In architecture, it can describe the shaft of a column. This demonstrates the word's versatility in describing any vertical, supporting structure that connects a base to a top part.

Beyond these literal meanings, 'Sāq' appears in various idioms and compound words. For example, 'Sāq-dūsh' refers to the best man or groomsman in a wedding—literally the one who stands 'shoulder to leg' (or by the side) of the groom. The word evokes stability, support, and verticality. Whether you are describing a physical ailment, buying a pair of socks (Sāq-push), or discussing the geometry of a building, 'Sāq' is a versatile noun that bridges the gap between biological form and structural function.

Using ساق (Sāq) correctly requires understanding its placement within Persian possessive constructions (Ezāfe) and its role as a noun. Because it is a body part, it often takes possessive suffixes or is followed by 'pā' (leg) to clarify the location. Here we explore its practical application in various contexts from medical to fashion.

Describing Physical Sensations: When you experience a cramp or pain in your lower leg, you use 'Sāq'. For example: 'Sāq-e pāyam gerefte ast' (My calf/shin has cramped). Notice how 'Sāq' is linked to 'pā' (leg) using the Ezāfe vowel '-e'.

بعد از دویدن طولانی، عضلات ساق من خیلی درد می‌کند.

Translation: After a long run, my shin/calf muscles hurt a lot.

Clothing and Fashion: In fashion, 'Sāq' determines the length of items. A 'Sāq-boland' sock is a knee-high sock, while 'Sāq-kūtau' refers to ankle socks. This is a very common way to distinguish products in a store.

جوراب‌های ساق کوتاه برای کفش‌های ورزشی مناسب‌تر هستند.

Translation: Short-shaft (ankle) socks are more suitable for sports shoes.

Descriptive and Literary Usage: In literature, 'Sāq' can be used to describe the elegance of a person or the strength of a plant. 'Sāq-e bolūrīn' (crystal-like shins) is a classical poetic imagery for beauty. In a more modern sense, 'Sāq-e narm' might describe someone who is not physically conditioned.

او با ضربه‌ای محکم، ساق حریف را هدف قرار داد.

Translation: With a powerful strike, he targeted the opponent's shin.

To use 'Sāq' effectively, remember that it is a noun of position. It doesn't just mean 'leg' (which is 'pā'), but the specific 'column' of the leg. When you go to a tailor, they might measure your 'dūr-e sāq' (circumference of the calf). When you go to a gym, the trainer might tell you to do 'Sāq-e pā' (calf raises). It is a precise word that adds clarity to your Persian descriptions.

The word ساق (Sāq) is ubiquitous in Iranian life, appearing in settings ranging from the mundane to the specialized. If you spend time in Iran, you will encounter it in specific environments that highlight its anatomical, commercial, and botanical meanings.

At the Gym (Bāshgāh): This is perhaps the most common place to hear 'Sāq'. Fitness enthusiasts are obsessed with 'Sāq-e pā' exercises. You'll hear trainers say, 'Emrūz rū-ye sāq-e pā kār mikonīm' (Today we are working on calves). The exercise 'Calf Raises' is simply called 'Sāq' or 'Sāq-e pā' in the gym.

برای داشتن ساقهای قوی، باید تمرینات مداوم انجام دهید.

Translation: To have strong calves/shins, you must perform consistent exercises.

In the Clothing Bazaar: When buying socks or boots, 'Sāq' is the defining characteristic. A salesperson will ask, 'Sāq-boland mikhāhīd yā sāq-kūtau?' (Do you want long-shaft or short-shaft?). Also, 'Sāq-push' (leg warmers) are popular in winter among women and dancers.

Medical and Orthopedic Clinics: If someone breaks their lower leg, the doctor will refer to it as 'shekastagī-ye sāq' (shin fracture). Patients describe their symptoms by pointing to the 'sāq'. It is a precise anatomical term that avoids the ambiguity of the general word 'pā' (which can mean the whole leg or just the foot).

پزشک گفت که استخوان ساق او ترک خورده است.

Translation: The doctor said that his shin bone has a crack.

In Nature and Gardening: While 'Sāqe' is the technical term for a stem, gardeners and florists often use 'Sāq' colloquially when talking about the thickness or strength of a flower's support. 'Sāq-e in gol khaylī nāzok ast' (The stem of this flower is very thin).

Finally, the word is heard in the context of weddings. The 'Sāq-dūsh' (best man/bridesmaid) is a central figure in modern Iranian weddings. The term 'Sāq' here refers to being the 'leg' or the support for the 'shoulder' (dūsh) of the bride or groom. Hearing 'Sāq-dūsh' is very common in any discussion about wedding planning or ceremonies.

For English speakers learning Persian, the word ساق (Sāq) can be tricky because English often uses more general terms like 'leg' or very specific ones like 'shin' and 'calf'. Here are the most common pitfalls to avoid.

Confusing 'Sāq' with 'Pā': The most common mistake is using 'Pā' when you specifically mean the lower leg, or vice versa. 'Pā' is the general term for the entire limb (from hip to toe) or specifically the foot. If you tell a doctor 'Pāyam dard mikonad', they will ask 'Kojā-ye pāyat?' (Where on your leg?). Using 'Sāq' immediately clarifies you mean the area between the knee and ankle.

اشتباه: ران من همان ساق است. (Incorrect: My thigh is the same as my shin.)

Note: 'Rān' is the thigh (above the knee), while 'Sāq' is the lower leg (below the knee).

Shin vs. Calf Ambiguity: In English, we distinguish between the front (shin) and back (calf). In common Persian, 'Sāq' covers both. If you need to be specific, you must use 'Posht-e sāq' (back of the shin = calf) or 'Jolo-ye sāq' (front of the shin). Beginners often struggle to find a single word for 'calf' and forget that 'Sāq' is the base word for both.

The 'Sāq' vs 'Sāqe' Distinction: While related, 'Sāq' is the anatomical part and 'Sāqe' is the botanical stem. You shouldn't say a person has a 'Sāqe-ye boland' (unless you are being very poetic or weird). Conversely, while you can use 'Sāq' for a plant in some contexts, 'Sāqe' is the standard word for stems. Mixing these up sounds unnatural.

درست: این گل ساقه بلندی دارد. (Correct: This flower has a long stem.)

Finally, be careful with compound words. 'Sāq-dūsh' is a person (groomsman), not a body part (shoulder-leg). Beginners sometimes try to translate 'best man' literally and fail, but then they hear 'Sāq-dūsh' and get confused about why the word for 'shin' is involved. Just remember that 'Sāq' implies 'standing by' or 'support' in this context.

To truly master ساق (Sāq), it helps to see how it relates to other parts of the leg and similar structural terms. Persian has a rich vocabulary for anatomy and botany that overlaps with 'Sāq'.

Sāq vs. Rān: 'Rān' is the thigh—the part of the leg above the knee. In many languages, people just say 'leg', but in Persian, the distinction between 'Rān' (upper) and 'Sāq' (lower) is very sharp. If you are at the butcher, you'll see 'Rān-e morgh' (chicken thigh) and 'Sāq-e morgh' (chicken drumstick/lower leg).

من ساق مرغ را به ران آن ترجیح می‌دهم.

Translation: I prefer the chicken drumstick (lower leg) to the thigh.

Sāq vs. Qalam-e Pā: 'Qalam-e Pā' (literally 'pen of the leg') is a more descriptive or slightly more formal way to refer to the shin bone (tibia). While 'Sāq' refers to the whole lower leg region (flesh and bone), 'Qalam-e Pā' specifically evokes the long, straight bone. If someone breaks their shin specifically, they might say 'Qalam-e pāyam shekast'.

Sāq vs. Sāqe: As mentioned, 'Sāqe' is the botanical stem. 'Sāq' is the root of this word. While 'Sāqe' is a noun, 'Sāq' can sometimes act as a prefix in compounds like 'Sāq-boland' (long-stemmed/long-shafted). In everyday talk, 'Sāqe' is for plants, 'Sāq' is for people and animals.

ساقه گندم در باد می‌رقصید.

Translation: The wheat stalk was dancing in the wind.

Other related words include 'Moch-e pā' (ankle) and 'Zānū' (knee). 'Sāq' is the bridge between these two joints. In clothing, 'Sāq-band' (shin guard/leg band) is a common accessory. Understanding these distinctions allows you to describe the human body and objects with the precision of a native speaker.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The word 'Sāq' is used in geometry for the sides of a triangle, showing how ancient Persians viewed geometric shapes as having 'legs' just like humans.

发音指南

UK /sɒːk/

US /sɒːk/

The stress is on the only syllable: Sāq.

押韵词

باغ (Bāgh - garden) داغ (Dāgh - hot) زاغ (Zāgh - crow) چراغ (Cherāgh - lamp) دماغ (Damāgh - nose) فراغ (Farāgh - leisure) کلاغ (Kalāgh - crow) اتاق (Otāgh - room)

常见错误

Pronouncing 'ā' like the 'a' in 'cat'. It should be deep like 'father'.
Pronouncing the final 'q' like a hard English 'g'.
Confusing it with 'Sak' (bag), which has a short 'a'.
Confusing it with 'Sāgh' (healthy), which has a 'gh' sound.
Missing the length of the 'ā' vowel.

难度评级

阅读 2/5

Easy to recognize, short and distinct.

写作 1/5

Only three letters, very simple to write.

口语 3/5

The 'q' sound can be tricky for English speakers.

听力 2/5

Distinct sound, usually clear in context.

接下来学什么

前置知识

پا (leg) زانو (knee) بلند (long) کوتاه (short)

接下来学习

ساقه (stem) ران (thigh) عضله (muscle) شکستگی (fracture)

高级

درشت‌نی (tibia) نازک‌نی (fibula) ساق‌دوش (best man)

需要掌握的语法

Ezāfe Construction

ساقِ پا (Sāq-e pā) - The shin of the leg.

Compound Adjectives

ساق‌بلند (Sāq-boland) - Long-shafted.

Possessive Suffixes

ساقم (Sāq-am) - My shin.

Pluralization with -hā

ساق‌ها (Sāq-hā) - Shins.

Noun as Adjective Base

ساق‌دار (Sāq-dār) - Having a shaft/stem.

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按水平分级的例句

ساق من بلند است.

My shin/lower leg is long.

Simple subject + noun + adjective + verb.

این ساق مرغ است.

This is a chicken drumstick.

Demonstrative pronoun + Ezāfe construction.

ساق پا کجاست؟

Where is the lower leg?

Interrogative sentence.

او ساق‌های قوی دارد.

He has strong shins/calves.

Plural noun + adjective.

من ساقم را می‌شورم.

I am washing my shin.

Noun with possessive suffix '-am'.

ساق این گل سبز است.

The stem of this flower is green.

Using Sāq in a botanical sense (informal).

جوراب برای ساق است.

Socks are for the lower leg.

Simple prepositional phrase.

ساق درد می‌کند.

The shin hurts.

Noun as subject of the verb 'dard kardan'.

من جوراب ساق‌بلند خریدم.

I bought knee-high socks.

Compound adjective 'Sāq-boland'.

چکمه‌های او ساق‌کوتاه هستند.

Her boots are short-shaft (ankle boots).

Compound adjective 'Sāq-kūtau'.

ساق پایش در فوتبال صدمه دید.

His shin was injured in football.

Ezāfe + possessive suffix.

ساق‌دوش داماد برادرش است.

The groom's best man is his brother.

Compound noun 'Sāq-dūsh'.

بیسکویت ساق طلایی خیلی خوشمزه است.

Sāq-e Talaei biscuit is very delicious.

Proper noun phrase.

او ساق‌هایش را با کرم ماساژ داد.

He massaged his calves with cream.

Plural with possessive suffix and object marker 'rā'.

شلوار برای ساق‌های او تنگ است.

The pants are tight for his calves.

Prepositional phrase with plural noun.

ساق‌بندها را ببند.

Fasten the shin guards.

Imperative verb with compound noun.

در بدنسازی، تمرین ساق پا بسیار مهم است.

In bodybuilding, the calf exercise is very important.

Noun phrase as a subject.

ساق این صندلی شکسته است.

The leg (shaft) of this chair is broken.

Metaphorical/structural use of Sāq.

این مثلث دو ساق مساوی دارد.

This triangle has two equal legs.

Geometrical terminology.

ساقه گیاه مواد غذایی را به برگ‌ها می‌رساند.

The plant stem delivers nutrients to the leaves.

Using the derivative 'Sāqe'.

او همیشه ساق روی ساق می‌اندازد و می‌نشیند.

He always crosses his legs when he sits.

Idiomatic expression for sitting posture.

ساق‌بندهای چرمی در قدیم استفاده می‌شدند.

Leather leg-wraps were used in ancient times.

Passive voice with compound noun.

ورم در ناحیه ساق پا نشانه بیماری است.

Swelling in the shin area is a sign of illness.

Formal medical context.

ساق این چکمه از چرم طبیعی است.

The shaft of this boot is made of natural leather.

Descriptive possessive construction.

او با مهارتی خاص، ساق حریف را در کشتی گرفت.

He caught the opponent's lower leg with special skill in wrestling.

Complex sentence with adverbial phrase.

ساقه‌های گندم در زیر نور خورشید می‌درخشیدند.

The wheat stalks were shining under the sunlight.

Plural of botanical derivative.

معمار برای ستون‌ها، ساق‌های بلند طراحی کرد.

The architect designed long shafts for the columns.

Architectural terminology.

او به دلیل ضعف عضلات ساق، نمی‌تواند زیاد بدود.

Due to weakness in his calf muscles, he cannot run much.

Causal construction 'be dalīl-e'.

ساق‌دوش‌ها لباس‌های یکسانی پوشیده بودند.

The bridesmaids/groomsmen were wearing identical clothes.

Plural compound noun with past perfect verb.

در این نقاشی، ساق‌های مدل بسیار کشیده ترسیم شده‌اند.

In this painting, the model's shins are drawn very elongated.

Passive voice with plural subject.

ساق‌های او از شدت سرما می‌لرزید.

His shins/legs were trembling from the intense cold.

Descriptive sentence with 'az sheddat-e'.

پوشیدن جوراب ساق‌بلند در این ورزش الزامی است.

Wearing long-shaft socks is mandatory in this sport.

Gerund phrase as subject.

شاعر در بیتی به لطافت ساق معشوق اشاره کرده است.

The poet referred to the delicacy of the beloved's shin in a verse.

Literary analysis context.

ساق ستون‌های تخت‌جمشید با نقوش برجسته تزیین شده است.

The shafts of the Persepolis columns are decorated with reliefs.

Historical/Architectural context.

در کالبدشناسی، استخوان درشت‌نی بخش اصلی ساق را تشکیل می‌دهد.

In anatomy, the tibia forms the main part of the lower leg.

Technical scientific language.

او با تکیه بر ساق‌های استوارش، تمام مسیر را پیاده پیمود.

Relying on his sturdy legs, he walked the entire path.

Metaphorical use of 'estovār' (sturdy).

ساقه‌های نی در تالاب به آرامی با جریان آب حرکت می‌کردند.

The reed stalks in the lagoon moved slowly with the water current.

Botanical plural in a descriptive setting.

بررسی شکستگی‌های مرکب در ناحیه ساق نیازمند دقت فراوان است.

Examining compound fractures in the shin area requires great care.

Professional medical register.

ساق‌دوش در فرهنگ‌های مختلف وظایف متفاوتی بر عهده دارد.

The best man/bridesmaid has different duties in various cultures.

Sociological/Cultural discussion.

او با یک حرکت سریع، ساق پای خود را از بند رها کرد.

With a quick movement, he freed his lower leg from the trap/bond.

Complex action description.

در متون کهن، ساق عرش به معنای رکن و اساس هستی به کار رفته است.

In ancient texts, 'Shin of the Throne' is used to mean the pillar and foundation of existence.

Theological/Philosophical context.

ظرافت تراش‌کاری در ساق این ستون‌های مرمرین بی‌نظیر است.

The delicacy of the carving on the shafts of these marble columns is unparalleled.

Art criticism register.

او در رساله‌اش به بررسی تطبیقی واژه ساق در زبان‌های هندواروپایی پرداخت.

In his dissertation, he conducted a comparative study of the word 'Sāq' in Indo-European languages.

Academic/Linguistic context.

ساقه‌های ترد و شکننده این گیاه نشان‌دهنده کمبود کلسیم در خاک است.

The brittle and fragile stalks of this plant indicate a lack of calcium in the soil.

Advanced botanical analysis.

وی با بهره‌گیری از استعاره ساق، به توصیف پایداری ملت در برابر ناملایمات پرداخت.

Using the metaphor of 'Sāq' (the leg/support), he described the nation's resilience against adversities.

Sophisticated rhetorical usage.

تحلیل بیومکانیکی فشار بر ساق پا در هنگام فرود از ارتفاع ضروری است.

Biomechanical analysis of the pressure on the lower leg during landing from a height is essential.

Highly technical scientific register.

در نسخه‌شناسی، ساق حروف باید با تناسبی خاص نسبت به دایره‌ها ترسیم شوند.

In codicology, the shafts of letters must be drawn with a specific proportion to the curves.

Technical artistic/scholarly context.

او در مقام ساق‌دوش، تمام جزئیات مراسم را با وسواس مدیریت می‌کرد.

In the role of the best man, he managed every detail of the ceremony with obsession.

Nuanced character description.

常见搭配

ساق پا

ساق بلند

ساق کوتاه

شکستگی ساق

عضلات ساق

محافظ ساق

ساق طلایی

ساق ستون

ساق مثلث

ورم ساق

常用短语

ساق روی ساق انداختن

— To cross one's legs while sitting.

او با آرامش ساق روی ساق انداخت.

ساق‌دوش شدن

— To be a best man or bridesmaid.

او در عروسی دوستش ساق‌دوش شد.

ساق مرغ

— Chicken drumstick.

بچه‌ها ساق مرغ دوست دارند.

ساق‌بند بستن

— To put on shin guards.

قبل از بازی ساق‌بندهایت را ببند.

ساق کشیده

— Long, elegant legs/shins.

او ساق‌های کشیده‌ای دارد.

ساق ضخیم

— Thick calves/stems.

این درخت ساق ضخیمی دارد.

ساق بلورین

— Crystal-like (beautiful) shins (poetic).

در شعر از ساق بلورین یاد شده است.

ساق ورزیده

— Athletic/well-trained calves.

فوتبالیست‌ها ساق‌های ورزیده‌ای دارند.

ساق‌نرم

— Weak-legged (metaphorical for lack of stamina).

او در کوهنوردی ساق‌نرم نشان داد.

دشت ساق

— A place name or referring to a plain of stalks.

نام آن منطقه دشت ساق است.

容易混淆的词

ساق vs ساک (Sāk)

Means 'bag'. It has a short 'a' and a 'k' sound.

ساق vs ساغ (Sāgh)

Means 'healthy/sound' (rarely used alone). Sounds similar but ends in 'gh'.

ساق vs ساقی (Sāghī)

Means 'cup-bearer'. It has an 'i' at the end and a 'gh' sound.

习语与表达

"ساق روی ساق انداختن"

— Sitting in a relaxed, often superior or indifferent manner.

نشسته بود و ساق روی ساق انداخته بود و تماشا می‌کرد.

Informal/Neutral

"ساق‌دوش"

— A person who supports the bride/groom, metaphorically being their 'leg'.

ساق‌دوش‌ها در کنار داماد ایستادند.

Neutral

"ساق عرش"

— The pillars of the divine throne; used to denote the highest support of existence.

او به ساق عرش الهی پناه برد.

Literary/Religious

"ساق‌شکستن"

— To cripple or stop someone from moving forward (rare/archaic).

روزگار ساق او را شکست.

Literary

"ساق‌بلند"

— Used as a slang for someone with very long legs, sometimes disparagingly.

آن پسر ساق‌بلند را می‌بینی؟

Slang

"ساق‌طلایی"

— Metaphorically referring to a valuable player in sports.

او ساق‌طلایی تیم ماست.

Informal

"ساق‌به‌ساق"

— Leg to leg; closely following or competing.

آن‌ها ساق‌به‌ساق هم می‌دویدند.

Literary

"ساق‌سفید"

— Refers to someone who hasn't worked hard or been in the sun (archaic/rare).

او جوانی ساق‌سفید و بی‌تجربه است.

Literary

"ساق‌پر"

— Having thick, healthy calves.

اسب‌های این نژاد ساق‌پر هستند.

Neutral

"ساق‌آهنین"

— Iron-legged; someone with incredible endurance.

کوهنوردان ساق‌آهنین دارند.

Informal/Poetic

容易混淆

ساق vs ران (Rān)

Both are parts of the leg.

Rān is the thigh (above knee), Sāq is the lower leg (below knee).

ران مرغ بزرگتر از ساق مرغ است.

ساق vs پا (Pā)

Both refer to the leg.

Pā is the whole leg or foot; Sāq is specifically the lower leg.

کفش برای پا است، اما جوراب کل ساق را می‌پوشاند.

ساق vs ساقه (Sāqe)

They share the same root.

Sāqe is for plants (stem); Sāq is for humans/animals (shin).

ساقه گل نازک است اما ساق فیل کلفت است.

ساق vs مچ (Moch)

Both are in the lower leg area.

Moch is the ankle (joint); Sāq is the long part above it.

مچ پا مفصل است، اما ساق استخوان بلند است.

ساق vs زانو (Zānū)

Both are parts of the leg.

Zānū is the knee (joint); Sāq starts below the knee.

زانو خم می‌شود اما ساق نه.

句型

من [Body Part] دارم.

من ساق‌های بلند دارم.

این [Item] [Sāq-Adjective] است.

این جوراب ساق‌کوتاه است.

[Body Part] من درد می‌کند.

ساق پای من درد می‌کند.

او [Sāq-dūsh] بود.

او ساق‌دوش برادرش بود.

در [Field], [Sāq] نقش مهمی دارد.

در معماری، ساق ستون نقش مهمی دارد.

با تکیه بر [Sāq], [Action].

با تکیه بر ساق‌های استوار، کوه را پیمود.

لطفاً [Sāq-Item] را به من بده.

لطفاً ساق‌بندها را به من بده.

مثلث دارای دو [Sāq] است.

این مثلث دارای دو ساق مساوی است.

词族

名词

ساقه (stem)

ساق‌بند (shin guard)

ساق‌دوش (best man)

ساق‌پیچ (puttee/leg wrap)

ساق‌بند (leggings)

动词

ساقه زدن (to sprout a stem)

ساق انداختن (to cross legs)

形容词

ساق‌بلند (long-shafted)

ساق‌کوتاه (short-shafted)

ساق‌دار (having a shaft/stem)

如何使用

frequency

High in daily life, sports, and fashion.

常见错误

Using 'Sāq' for the whole leg. → Using 'Pā' for the whole leg.
Sāq is only the part below the knee.
Saying 'Sāq-e dast' for forearm. → Saying 'Sā'ed'.
Sāq is strictly for legs.
Pronouncing it like 'Sack'. → Pronouncing it 'Sāāāq'.
The long vowel is crucial.
Using 'Sāqe' for a human leg. → Using 'Sāq'.
Sāqe is for plants only.
Confusing 'Sāq' with 'Rān' in the gym. → Using 'Sāq' for calves and 'Rān' for thighs.
They are different muscle groups.

小贴士

The Sock Connection

Remember that a 'Sock' covers your 'Sāq'. They sound similar and occupy the same space!

Drumsticks

When ordering food, 'Sāq-e morgh' is the drumstick. It's a very useful phrase in restaurants.

Boot Length

Look for 'Sāq-boland' on labels if you want tall boots for winter.

Calf Training

If a trainer says 'Sāq بزن' (Sāq bezan), they want you to do calf raises.

Snack Time

Try 'Sāq-e Talaei' biscuits with tea; it's the most 'Iranian' way to use the word!

Ezāfe use

Always use the Ezāfe (-e) when connecting Sāq to 'pā': Sāq-e pā.

Bone vs Flesh

Sāq is the whole area; Qalam-e pā is the bone. Use Sāq for muscles or general pain.

Simple Script

Sāq is only three letters (س - ا - ق). It's one of the easiest body parts to write.

Deep Vowel

Make sure the 'ā' is long and deep. 'Sak' means bag, 'Sāq' means leg. Don't mix them up!

Plant Link

Remember that 'Sāqe' (stem) comes from 'Sāq'. Both support the 'body' above them.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of a 'Sock' that goes up your 'Sāq'. They sound almost the same and the sock covers exactly that part of the leg.

视觉联想

Imagine a tall wheat 'Stalk' (starts with S) and notice how it looks like a long, thin 'Sāq' (leg).

Word Web

پا (Leg) زانو (Knee) مچ (Ankle) ساقه (Stem) جوراب (Sock) چکمه (Boot) فوتبال (Football) بیسکویت (Biscuit)

挑战

Try to find 3 items in your house that have a 'Sāq' (a chair leg, a flower stem, and your own leg) and name them aloud.

词源

Derived from Middle Persian 'sāg', which also meant leg or branch. It is part of the Indo-European family of words relating to stalks and supports.

原始含义： A straight, supporting limb or branch.

Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> Persian.

文化背景

No specific sensitivities; 'Sāq' is a neutral anatomical and botanical term.

English speakers might find it odd that one word covers both shin and calf, whereas English is very specific about front vs. back.

Sāq-e Talaei (Biscuit brand) Classical poetry by Hafez Sports commentary on Iranian national TV

在生活中练习

真实语境

Gym/Fitness

تمرین ساق (calf workout)
ساق ایستاده (standing calf raise)
ساق نشسته (seated calf raise)
دمبل ساق (dumbbell calf raise)

Clothing Store

جوراب ساق‌بلند (long socks)
چکمه ساق‌کوتاه (ankle boots)
ساق‌بند ورزشی (sports leggings)
ساق‌پیچ (leg wraps)

Kitchen/Cooking

ساق مرغ (chicken drumstick)
ساق بره (lamb shank)
ساق بوقلمون (turkey leg)
ساق گوساله (veal shank)

Doctor's Office

درد ساق (shin pain)
ورم ساق (shin swelling)
شکستگی ساق (shin fracture)
کبودی ساق (shin bruise)

Botany

ساقه گل (flower stem)
ساقه درخت (tree trunk/stem)
ساقه سبز (green stem)
ساقه ضخیم (thick stem)

对话开场白

"آیا تا به حال ساق پایت در ورزش صدمه دیده است؟ (Have you ever injured your shin in sports?)"

"جوراب ساق‌بلند را ترجیح می‌دهی یا ساق‌کوتاه؟ (Do you prefer long-shaft or short-shaft socks?)"

"بهترین تمرین برای عضلات ساق چیست؟ (What is the best exercise for calf muscles?)"

"آیا در عروسی دوستت ساق‌دوش بودی؟ (Were you a best man/bridesmaid at your friend's wedding?)"

"چرا بیسکویت ساق طلایی در ایران اینقدر محبوب است؟ (Why is Sāq-e Talaei biscuit so popular in Iran?)"

日记主题

امروز در باشگاه روی عضلات ساق پا کار کردم و حالا کمی درد دارم... (Today at the gym I worked on my calf muscles and now I have a bit of pain...)

یک جفت چکمه ساق‌بلند جدید خریدم که برای زمستان عالی است... (I bought a new pair of long-shaft boots that are great for winter...)

در مورد نقش ساق‌دوش در فرهنگ‌های مختلف تحقیق کردم... (I researched the role of the best man/bridesmaid in different cultures...)

وقتی بچه بودم، همیشه ساق مرغ را به ران آن ترجیح می‌دادم... (When I was a child, I always preferred the chicken drumstick to the thigh...)

دیدن ساقه‌های گندم در مزرعه مرا به یاد روستا انداخت... (Seeing the wheat stalks in the field reminded me of the village...)

常见问题

10 个问题

It means both. It refers to the entire lower leg section. To specify the calf, you say 'posht-e sāq' (back of the shin).

Usually 'pāye' is used for furniture, but in technical or descriptive contexts, 'sāq' can describe the shaft of a leg.

It literally means 'leg-shoulder'. It is the Persian word for a best man or bridesmaid who supports the groom or bride.

It is a whole wheat (digestive) biscuit, considered healthier than creamy ones, but it's still a snack!

The word is 'Sāq-band' (ساق‌بند).

Yes, it refers to the equal sides (legs) of an isosceles triangle or the non-parallel sides of a trapezoid.

Sāq is for anatomy/geometry/architecture; Sāqe is specifically for plant stems.

You say 'chakme-ye sāq-boland' (چکمه ساق‌بلند).

No, the arm equivalent is 'sā'ed' (forearm) or 'bāzū' (upper arm).

No, it is a pronounced uvular consonant, similar to a very deep 'k' or 'g'.

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