سهل
سهل 30秒了解
- Sahl means 'easy' or 'simple' in formal Persian.
- It is the opposite of 'sa'b' (difficult) and 'doshvār'.
- Commonly used in literature, news, and formal writing.
- Key compound: 'sahl-angari' meaning negligence or carelessness.
The Persian word سهل (pronounced 'sahl') is an adjective primarily used to describe something that is easy, simple, or achieved without significant effort. Rooted in Arabic, it carries a sense of smoothness and lack of resistance. While in modern conversational Persian, the word آسان (āsān) is more frequent, سهل finds its home in formal writing, literature, and specific idiomatic expressions that every intermediate learner should master. It refers to a path that is not steep, a task that is not burdensome, or a disposition that is not harsh.
- Core Concept
- The essence of 'sahl' is the absence of difficulty. Unlike 'sade' (simple), which refers to the structure of something, 'sahl' refers to the experience of doing or navigating it. It is the opposite of 'sa'b' (difficult/arduous) or 'doshvār'.
رسیدن به این هدف چندان سهل نیست.
Reaching this goal is not so easy.
In a cultural context, 'sahl' is often paired with its opposite to describe the spectrum of life's challenges. You might hear it in the phrase سهل و ممتنع (sahl-o-momtane), a literary term describing a style that appears easy to write but is actually impossible to replicate in its perfection. This highlights the word's depth—it is not just 'simple' in a childish way, but 'easy' in a way that suggests flow and accessibility.
- Etymological Nuance
- The root S-H-L in Arabic refers to a plain or level ground. Imagine walking on a flat field versus climbing a rocky mountain. The flat field is 'sahl'—it requires no climbing, no struggle, just a smooth walk forward.
با برنامهریزی درست، کارها سهل میشود.
With correct planning, tasks become easy.
- Modern Usage
- Today, you see 'sahl' in compound nouns like 'sahl-angari' (negligence/taking things too lightly). It suggests an attitude where someone treats a serious matter as if it were 'sahl' (easy/unimportant), leading to mistakes.
Using 'sahl' correctly requires understanding its register. While it functions exactly like 'āsān', its placement in a sentence often signals a transition from basic conversational Persian to a more refined level of speech. It is frequently used with the auxiliary verb نمودن (namoodan) in formal contexts or شدن (shodan) and کردن (kardan) in standard Persian.
- Grammatical Pattern
- [Subject] + [Adverb] + سهل + [Linking Verb]. Example: این امتحان بسیار سهل بود (This exam was very easy).
مسیر موفقیت هرگز سهل نبوده است.
The path to success has never been easy.
When describing a person's character, 'sahl-gir' (easy-going) is a common derivative. It describes someone who doesn't make things difficult for others. Conversely, 'sahl-angar' is used negatively for someone who is careless. Understanding these derivatives allows you to use 'sahl' in complex descriptions of personality and professional behavior.
- Formal Correspondence
- In business emails, you might see: امیدواریم این فرآیند را برای شما سهل کنیم (We hope to make this process easy for you).
عبور از این کوهستان سهل نیست.
Crossing this mountain range is not easy.
You will encounter 'sahl' in several distinct environments. First and foremost is in Persian Literature. From the classical poems of Rumi and Saadi to modern prose, 'sahl' is the preferred word for 'easy' because of its rhythmic qualities and its ability to convey a sense of 'graceful ease' rather than just 'low effort'.
عشق در ابتدا سهل نمود، ولی افتاد مشکلها.
Love seemed easy at first, but difficulties arose. (Hafez)
Secondly, you will hear it in News and Academic Lectures. When a professor speaks about a 'simple solution' or a news anchor discusses 'facilitating trade' (tas-hil), the root of 'sahl' is omnipresent. It provides a level of professional distance that 'āsān' lacks. Thirdly, in Legal and Administrative contexts, 'sahl-angari' is a standard term for professional negligence or 'taking a duty too lightly'.
- News Headline Example
- دولت در پی سهل کردن شرایط صادرات است (The government is seeking to ease export conditions).
The most frequent mistake English speakers make is confusing سهل (sahl - easy) with ساحل (sāhel - beach). Because they sound somewhat similar to a non-native ear, learners often tell people they are going to the 'sahl' for the weekend, which sounds like they are going to 'the easy'. Always remember the long 'ā' in 'sāhel'.
- Mistake #1: Register Mismatch
- Using 'sahl' in very casual slang. If you are playing a video game and it's easy, saying 'in sahl-e' sounds like you're reciting a poem. Use 'āsān-e' or 'āb-khordane' (like drinking water) instead.
❌ من به سهل رفتم.
✅ من به ساحل رفتم.
Correction: I went to the beach.
Another mistake is the confusion between 'sahl' and 'sāde'. 'Sāde' means simple (not complex), while 'sahl' means easy (not difficult). While often interchangeable, you wouldn't call a 'simple person' a 'sahl person'. A simple person is 'sāde-del'. A person who makes things easy is 'sahl-gir'.
To truly master Persian, you need to know when to use 'sahl' versus its cousins. Each word for 'easy' or 'simple' has a specific flavor.
- آسان (Āsān)
- The most common, everyday word for 'easy'. Used for exams, recipes, and directions.
- ساده (Sāde)
- Means 'simple' or 'plain'. Used for clothes, food, or uncomplicated designs.
- راحت (Rāhat)
- Means 'comfortable' or 'easy' in an effortless, relaxed way. 'Khiyālam rāhat shod' (My mind was put at ease).
این زبان بسیار سهل و شیرین است.
This language is very easy and sweet.
In formal Persian, 'yasir' (يسير) is another Arabic-rooted synonym, though it is much rarer and usually found in religious or extremely archaic texts. For the opposite, use 'sa'b' (صعب), as in 'sa'b-ol-oboor' (hard to pass/impassable).
How Formal Is It?
趣味小知识
The word 'Sahara' (desert) comes from a similar root in Arabic, but specifically refers to the vast plains of the desert.
发音指南
- Confusing it with 'Sahel' (beach), which has a long 'ā'.
- Dropping the 'h' sound (saying 'sal' instead of 'sahl').
- Over-emphasizing the 'h' so it sounds like 'sah-hal'.
- Confusing it with 'Seil' (flood).
- Mixing up the 's' sound with 'sh'.
难度评级
Easy to recognize but often confused with 'Sahel'.
Requires knowledge of the 'h' placement and register.
Simple pronunciation but sounds formal.
Must distinguish from 'Sahel' and 'Seil'.
接下来学什么
前置知识
接下来学习
高级
需要掌握的语法
Adjective placement
کارِ سهل (The easy task) - uses Ezafe.
Comparative formation
سهل + تر = سهلتر (Easier).
Superlative formation
سهلترین (The easiest).
Compound verb with 'kardan'
سهل کردن (To make easy).
Adverb formation with 'be'
به سهولت (With ease).
按水平分级的例句
این درس سهل است.
This lesson is easy.
Simple Subject + Adjective + Verb.
آیا این کار سهل است؟
Is this task easy?
Question form using 'āyā'.
کتاب سهل بود.
The book was easy.
Past tense of 'to be'.
راه سهل است.
The path is easy.
Definite noun + adjective.
نام او سهل است.
His name is easy (to remember).
Possessive 'o' (his/her).
آزمون سهل نیست.
The test is not easy.
Negative 'nist'.
این سوال سهل است.
This question is easy.
Demonstrative 'in'.
زبان فارسی سهل است.
The Persian language is easy.
Subject-Adjective agreement.
پیدا کردن خانه سهل بود.
Finding the house was easy.
Gerund phrase as subject.
استاد ما بسیار سهلگیر است.
Our professor is very easy-going.
Compound adjective 'sahl-gir'.
این راه برای پیادهروی سهل است.
This path is easy for walking.
Prepositional phrase 'barāye'.
یادگیری این آهنگ سهل است.
Learning this song is easy.
Infinitive as subject.
او کارهای سخت را سهل میکند.
He makes hard tasks easy.
Transitive usage with 'kardan'.
زندگی همیشه سهل نیست.
Life is not always easy.
Adverb 'hamishe' (always).
دستور پخت این غذا سهل است.
The recipe for this food is easy.
Compound noun 'dastoor-e pokht'.
صحبت کردن با او سهل است.
Talking to him is easy.
Infinitive + preposition.
نباید مسائل مهم را سهل انگاشت.
One should not consider important issues easy/trivial.
Modal 'nabāyad' + literary verb 'engāshtan'.
این نویسنده سبکی سهل و ممتنع دارد.
This writer has a style that is 'easy but impossible to imitate'.
Literary idiom 'sahl-o-momtane'.
سهلانگاری در رانندگی خطرناک است.
Negligence in driving is dangerous.
Abstract noun 'sahl-angari'.
او با لحنی سهل توضیح داد.
He explained with an easy/accessible tone.
Adjective modifying 'lahn' (tone).
دسترسی به اطلاعات اکنون سهلتر شده است.
Access to information has now become easier.
Comparative 'sahl-tar'.
این مشکل به سهولت حل شد.
This problem was solved with ease.
Adverbial phrase using 'sohulat'.
او فردی سهلگیر و مهربان است.
He is an easy-going and kind person.
Coordinated adjectives.
همه چیز در ابتدا سهل به نظر میرسید.
Everything seemed easy at first.
Verb 'be nazar residan' (to seem).
سهلانگاری مدیر باعث شکست پروژه شد.
The manager's negligence caused the project's failure.
Subject is a complex noun phrase.
باید شرایط را برای ورود گردشگران سهل کرد.
Conditions must be made easy for the entry of tourists.
Passive-like construction with 'bāyad... kard'.
این دارو به سهل شدن هضم غذا کمک میکند.
This medicine helps in making food digestion easy.
Gerund 'sahl shodan' as object of preposition.
اشعار سعدی به زبان سهل و ممتنع شهرت دارد.
Saadi's poems are famous for their 'easy yet unattainable' language.
Preposition 'be... shohrat dārad'.
او با سهلگیری بیش از حد، نظم را از بین برد.
With excessive leniency, he destroyed the discipline.
Noun 'sahl-giri' + 'bish az had'.
تکنولوژی زندگی را در بسیاری از ابعاد سهل کرده است.
Technology has made life easy in many dimensions.
Present perfect 'karde ast'.
نباید این تهدید را سهل گرفت.
This threat should not be taken lightly.
Compound verb 'sahl gereftan'.
او به دنبال راهی سهل برای رسیدن به قله بود.
He was looking for an easy way to reach the summit.
Adjective modifying 'rāh'.
در متون کلاسیک، سهل در مقابل صعب قرار میگیرد.
In classical texts, 'sahl' is placed in opposition to 'sa'b' (difficult).
Formal academic register.
این فرآیند بوروکراتیک نیاز به تسهیل دارد.
This bureaucratic process needs facilitation.
Noun 'tashil' derived from the same root.
نباید از کنار این خطا با سهلانگاری گذشت.
One should not pass by this error with negligence.
Adverbial usage with 'bā'.
او با نگاهی سهل به مسائل فلسفی مینگرد.
He looks at philosophical issues with a simplistic/easy perspective.
Metaphorical usage.
سهولت در بیان، از ویژگیهای بارز این سخنران است.
Ease of expression is one of the prominent features of this speaker.
Noun 'sohulat' as subject.
این اصلاحات اقتصادی، مسیر تجارت را سهل خواهد نمود.
These economic reforms will make the path of trade easy.
Future tense 'khāhad namood'.
او در قضاوتهایش چندان سهلگیر نیست.
He is not very lenient in his judgments.
Negative compound adjective.
موفقیت در این حوزه، سهلالوصول نیست.
Success in this field is not easily attainable.
Formal compound 'sahl-ol-vosool'.
عارفان معتقدند که سلوک در ابتدا سهل مینماید.
Mystics believe that the spiritual journey seems easy at first.
Mystical/Philosophical register.
تسامح و سهلگیری مفرط میتواند به آنارشی منجر شود.
Excessive tolerance and leniency can lead to anarchy.
Complex abstract nouns.
او به شیوهای سهل و ممتنع، پیچیدهترین مفاهیم را شرح داد.
In an 'easy yet unattainable' manner, he explained the most complex concepts.
Sophisticated adverbial phrase.
قانونگذار باید در پی تسهیل روابط اجتماعی باشد.
The legislator must seek to facilitate social relations.
Legal/Political register.
این رویکرد، سهلانگاری فاحشی در حق نسلهای آینده است.
This approach is a gross negligence towards future generations.
Strong evaluative language.
او با طبعی سهل، ناملایمات زندگی را پذیرا بود.
With an easy-going nature, he was accepting of life's hardships.
Literary description of character.
دستیابی به صلح پایدار، امری سهل و ساده نیست.
Achieving lasting peace is not an easy or simple matter.
Tautological emphasis (sahl o sāde).
در این پژوهش، راهکارهای سهلتری برای استخراج دادهها ارائه شده است.
In this research, easier solutions for data extraction have been presented.
Academic research register.
常见搭配
常用短语
— It is easy to... (often used to introduce a comparison).
سهل است که بگوییم، اما انجامش سخت است.
容易混淆的词
Means 'beach'. Easy to confuse because of the similar sounds.
Means 'flood'. The 'e' sound is different but can be tricky for beginners.
Means 'share' or 'portion'. Ends in 'm' instead of 'l'.
习语与表达
— Something that looks easy but is impossible to do as well.
نثر گلستان سعدی سهل و ممتنع است.
Literary— To not worry about life's problems; to be carefree.
او همیشه دنیا را سهل میگیرد.
General— To underestimate the difficulty or importance of something.
نباید دشمن را سهل انگاشت.
Formal— Easy-going vs. Strict (describing a balance).
او بین سهلگیری و سختگیری تعادل دارد.
General— Being low-hanging fruit (metaphorically).
این پیروزیها سهلالوصول نیستند.
Professional容易混淆
Both can mean 'easy'.
'Sāde' refers to complexity (simple vs complex), while 'sahl' refers to effort (easy vs hard).
این رادیو ساده است (simple design), اما کار با آن سهل نیست (hard to use).
Exact synonyms in many cases.
'Āsān' is more common in speech; 'sahl' is more common in formal writing.
آسان حرف بزن (Speak simply).
Both imply a lack of struggle.
'Rāhat' also means 'comfortable' (like a chair). 'Sahl' never means comfortable.
صندلی راحت است (The chair is comfortable).
Both mean easy.
'Yasir' is strictly Arabic/religious context.
رزق یسیر (Easy sustenance).
Used for reading/speaking.
'Ravan' means 'fluent/fluid'. 'Sahl' means 'easy'.
متن روانی است (It's a fluent text).
句型
این [Noun] سهل است.
این درس سهل است.
[Verb-Infinitive] سهل بود.
رفتن سهل بود.
نباید [Noun] را سهل گرفت.
نباید زندگی را سهل گرفت.
او به دلیل [Noun] دچار مشکل شد.
او به دلیل سهلانگاری دچار مشکل شد.
این امر منجر به [Noun] میشود.
این امر منجر به تسهیل تجارت میشود.
در غایت [Noun]، به [Noun] رسید.
در غایت سهولت، به پیروزی رسید.
اگر [Condition]، کار سهل میشود.
اگر کمک کنی، کار سهل میشود.
با وجود [Obstacle]، مسیر سهل بود.
با وجود برف، مسیر سهل بود.
词族
名词
动词
形容词
相关
如何使用
High in written Persian, Medium in spoken Persian.
-
Using 'sahl' for 'cheap'.
→
arzān
'Sahl' only refers to ease of effort, not monetary value.
-
Saying 'من به سهل رفتم' (I went to the easy).
→
من به ساحل رفتم
Confusing 'sahl' (easy) with 'sahel' (beach).
-
Spelling it as 'سهل' but pronouncing it as 'seil'.
→
sahl
'Seil' means flood and is a different word.
-
Using 'sahl' in a very slangy context.
→
āsān / ez (slang)
'Sahl' is too formal for street slang.
-
Confusing 'sahl-gir' with 'sahl-angar'.
→
Use 'sahl-gir' for personality.
'Sahl-gir' is positive (lenient), 'sahl-angar' is negative (negligent).
小贴士
Formal Writing
Always prefer 'sahl' over 'āsān' in academic papers or formal letters to sound more educated.
Learn the Root
Learning the root S-H-L will help you understand words like 'tashilat' (facilities) which you see everywhere in Iran.
The Phrase 'Sahl Begir'
Use 'sahl begir' (take it easy) when a friend is stressed. It sounds very natural and empathetic.
Poetry Connection
When reading Hafez, look for 'sahl'. It often introduces a contrast between the beginning and end of a journey.
Compound Power
Mastering 'sahl-angari' will help you understand news reports about accidents or politics.
Soft 'H'
Don't ignore the 'h'. It's what distinguishes 'sahl' from 'sal' (year).
Visualizing Plains
Remember the image of a flat plain. It's the 'easy' way to travel.
Ezafe Usage
Remember to use the Ezafe (e) when 'sahl' follows a noun, e.g., 'kar-e sahl'.
Banking Context
In a bank, 'tashilat' refers to loans or credit facilities. It comes from 'sahl'.
Sahl vs Sade
Use 'sade' for design and 'sahl' for the effort required.
记住它
记忆技巧
Think of a 'Sail' (Sahl). If the water is 'Sahl' (smooth/easy), your 'Sail' moves perfectly.
视觉联想
Imagine a flat, endless green field. This is the original meaning of 'sahl'—no hills to climb, just an easy walk.
Word Web
挑战
Try to use 'sahl' instead of 'āsān' three times today in your writing practice.
词源
From the Arabic root S-H-L (س-ه-ل). It originally referred to level, smooth ground or a plain.
原始含义: Level ground; a plain (as opposed to mountains).
Semitic (Arabic root) adopted into Indo-European (Persian).文化背景
No specific sensitivities, but be careful not to use 'sahl-angari' to describe someone's religious practice unless you mean to be critical.
In English, we say 'easy-going' which perfectly matches the Persian 'sahl-gir'.
在生活中练习
真实语境
Academic Exams
- سوالات سهل
- امتحان سهل
- پاسخ سهل
- نمره سهل
Travel and Navigation
- راه سهل
- مسیر سهل
- عبور سهل
- دسترسی سهل
Professional Feedback
- سهلانگاری نکن
- کار را سهل کن
- تسهیل فرآیند
- سهلگیری مدیر
Literature/Poetry
- سبک سهل
- سهل و ممتنع
- لفظ سهل
- معنی سهل
Personal Advice
- سهل بگیر
- بر خودت سهل بگیر
- زندگی سهل است
- سخت نگیر، سهل است
对话开场白
"آیا به نظر شما یادگیری زبان فارسی سهل است؟"
"کدام بخش از کار شما از همه سهلتر است؟"
"چگونه میتوانیم این فرآیند را سهل کنیم؟"
"آیا شما آدم سهلگیری هستید یا سختگیر؟"
"به نظر شما رسیدن به خوشبختی سهل است؟"
日记主题
امروز چه کاری را به سهولت انجام دادید؟ بنویسید.
یک خاطره از زمانی که سهلانگاری کردید و چه اتفاقی افتاد.
آیا زندگی باید سهل باشد یا سخت؟ نظر خود را توضیح دهید.
چگونه میتوانید درسهای سخت را برای خودتان سهل کنید؟
درباره کسی که بسیار سهلگیر است متنی بنویسید.
常见问题
10 个问题Yes, but less frequently than 'āsān'. You'll hear it in specific phrases like 'sahl gereftan' (taking it easy).
It is a literary term for a style that looks easy to write but is actually very difficult to achieve. Saadi is the master of this.
No, 'sahl' refers to effort, not price. For cheap, use 'arzān'.
It is spelled 'س-ه-ل' (Seen, Heh, Lam).
'Sahl-gir' is a positive or neutral trait meaning 'easy-going'. 'Sahl-angar' is a negative trait meaning 'negligent' or 'careless'.
Yes, it is of Arabic origin but is fully integrated into Persian.
Only in compounds like 'sahl-gir'. You wouldn't usually say 'u sahl ast' (He is easy) as it might be misunderstood.
The most formal opposite is 'sa'b' (صعب).
As an adjective, no. As a noun (meaning plains), the Arabic plural is 'sohool', but this is not used in Persian.
It is 'sahl' (with an 'a' sound). 'Sohl' is not a word, though 'solh' means 'peace'.
自我测试 180 个问题
Write a sentence using 'سهل' to describe a test.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: 'Success is not easy.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Describe a friendly teacher using 'سهلگیر'.
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Write a formal sentence using 'تسهیل'.
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Use 'سهلانگاری' in a sentence about an accident.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: 'Take it easy.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence comparing 'sahl' and 'sa'b'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Explain 'sahl-o-momtane' in one sentence.
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Use 'به سهولت' to describe winning a game.
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Write a sentence about technology and ease.
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Translate: 'Access to water is easy here.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Use 'سهلالوصول' in a sentence about a goal.
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Write a sentence about a 'simple' book for kids.
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Translate: 'Don't take this matter lightly.'
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Use 'سهلگیری' to describe a policy.
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Write a sentence about a 'smooth' path.
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Translate: 'It was solved with complete ease.'
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Use 'تسهیلات' in a sentence about a bank.
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Write a short poem line using 'sahl'.
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Translate: 'Learning Persian is easy and sweet.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Pronounce: سهل
Read this aloud:
你说的:
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Say 'It is easy' in Persian.
Read this aloud:
你说的:
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Say 'Take it easy' to a friend.
Read this aloud:
你说的:
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Pronounce: سهلانگاری
Read this aloud:
你说的:
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Say 'The exam was easy.'
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Pronounce: سهولت
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Say 'He is easy-going.'
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Say 'With ease' in Persian.
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Pronounce: سهلالوصول
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Say 'Don't be careless.'
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Pronounce: تسهیل
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Say 'The path is easy.'
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Say 'Life is easy.'
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Pronounce: سهل و ممتنع
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Say 'It was solved easily.'
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Say 'I am easy-going.'
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Pronounce: تسهیلات
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Say 'It's not that easy.'
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Say 'Facilitate the process.'
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Say 'Negligence is bad.'
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Listen for the word 'sahl' in a sentence about an exam.
Distinguish between 'sahl' and 'sahel' in a recording.
Identify the meaning of 'sahl-angari' in a news clip.
Is the speaker being positive or negative about 'sahl-giri'?
Identify 'tashilat' in a bank announcement.
Does the speaker say 'sahl' or 'seil'?
Identify the idiom 'sahl o momtane' in a lecture.
What is the result of the task? (Sentence: 'Kar be sohulat anjam shod.')
Is the path 'sahl' or 'sa'b'?
Identify the word 'sohoolat' in a sentence.
What is the person's character? (Sentence: 'U adame sahl-giriye.')
Identify the warning about 'sahl-angari'.
Is the exam 'sahl' or 'doshvar'?
Listen for 'tashil' in a business context.
Identify the comparative 'sahl-tar'.
/ 180 correct
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Summary
While 'āsān' is the everyday word for 'easy', 'sahl' is its formal and literary counterpart. Master it to improve your formal writing and to understand Persian classics like the poetry of Saadi. Example: 'In kar sahl ast' (This task is easy).
- Sahl means 'easy' or 'simple' in formal Persian.
- It is the opposite of 'sa'b' (difficult) and 'doshvār'.
- Commonly used in literature, news, and formal writing.
- Key compound: 'sahl-angari' meaning negligence or carelessness.
Formal Writing
Always prefer 'sahl' over 'āsān' in academic papers or formal letters to sound more educated.
Learn the Root
Learning the root S-H-L will help you understand words like 'tashilat' (facilities) which you see everywhere in Iran.
The Phrase 'Sahl Begir'
Use 'sahl begir' (take it easy) when a friend is stressed. It sounds very natural and empathetic.
Poetry Connection
When reading Hafez, look for 'sahl'. It often introduces a contrast between the beginning and end of a journey.
例句
این کار به نظر سهل میرسید، اما پیچیده بود.
相关内容
这个词在其他语言中
更多general词汇
عادتوار
C1As a matter of habit; habitually.
عادی
A1“عادی”这个词的意思是“正常”或“普通”。例如:“平凡的一天”(یک روز عادی)。
عافیت
B2康泰、平安、健康。常用于打喷嚏后的祝愿,类似于“保重”。
عاجل
B2紧急的;需要立即关注或行动的。例如:“紧急新闻”或“早日康复”。
عاقبت
C1结果,结局,或者是“终于”。 '他终于(عاقبت)成功了。'
عاقل
A1明智的,理智的。指有判断力、不感情用事的人。
عالمگیر
C1全世界的,普遍的。影响全球的事物。
عالی
A1“Aali”在波斯语中意为“极好的”或“优秀的”。
عام
B1“Am”这个词的意思是“普遍的”或“公共的”。
اعم از
B2包括;无论是...还是...(用于引入选项)。