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A1 adjective #2,500 最常用 4分钟阅读

زشت

zasht
At the A1 level, 'zesht' is simply the opposite of 'zibâ' (beautiful). You use it to describe objects or things that you don't like the look of. For example, 'This car is ugly' or 'That color is ugly.' It is one of the first descriptive adjectives you learn to express basic opinions. Focus on using it with the verb 'to be' (ast/hastand).
At A2, you start using 'zesht' to describe simple behaviors. You might say 'It is ugly to eat with your mouth open.' You also learn to use intensifiers like 'kheyli' (very) and 'vâqe'an' (really). You begin to see 'zesht' in simple stories or descriptions of characters who are not pleasant to look at.
At the B1 level, you use 'zesht' to discuss social norms and etiquette. You can explain why a certain action is considered 'zesht' in your culture versus another. You also start using the noun form 'zeshti' (ugliness) to talk about abstract concepts, such as the 'ugliness of war.' You can compare 'zesht' with synonyms like 'badgel' to provide more variety in your speech.
At B2, you understand the nuance of 'zesht' in literature and media. You can identify when 'zesht' is used metaphorically to describe a political situation or a social crisis. You are comfortable using the word in complex sentences, such as 'The ugliness of his actions was hidden behind his beautiful words.' You also understand the cultural weight of the word in Ta'arof.
At C1, you explore the philosophical and aesthetic dimensions of 'zesht.' You can discuss the 'Aesthetics of Ugliness' in Persian art or cinema. You use the word to critique complex social behaviors and understand its usage in classical poetry (like Rumi or Saadi), where 'zesht' often represents the ego or the material world in contrast to the divine beauty.
At the C2 level, you have a native-like grasp of 'zesht.' You can use it with perfect irony, sarcasm, or deep emotional resonance. You understand all its derivatives and its role in complex idioms. You can write essays on the evolution of the word from Middle Persian to modern slang, and you can use it to navigate the most delicate social situations in Iran with precision.
开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

زشت 30秒了解

  • Zesht means 'ugly' in Persian, used for both physical appearance and moral behavior.
  • It is the direct opposite of 'zibâ' (beautiful) and is a core A1 level vocabulary word.
  • Calling a person 'zesht' is very offensive; use it carefully in social contexts.
  • It often describes actions like lying or being rude as 'shameful' or 'improper'.

The Persian word زشت (Zesht) is a fundamental adjective primarily used to describe something that lacks aesthetic appeal or beauty. At its most basic level, it translates to 'ugly' or 'unattractive' in English. However, in the Persian language, its semantic range extends far beyond mere physical appearance, encompassing moral depravity, social impropriety, and aesthetic dissonance. When you describe a person as zesht, you are typically referring to their physical features, but when you describe an action as zesht, you are making a moral judgment, suggesting that the act is shameful, indecent, or ethically wrong.

Physical Appearance
Used to describe faces, objects, or scenery that are not pleasing to the eye. It is the direct antonym of 'zibâ' (beautiful).
Moral Conduct
Refers to behaviors that are socially unacceptable or morally corrupt, such as lying or cheating.
Aesthetic Dissonance
Used for art, colors, or combinations that clash or feel inherently wrong in a specific context.

این نقاشی خیلی زشت است و من آن را دوست ندارم.

Translation: This painting is very ugly and I do not like it.

دروغ گفتن کار زشتی است.

Translation: Telling lies is an ugly (shameful) act.
Etymological Root
The word traces back to Middle Persian 'zišt', which has always carried the dual meaning of physical and moral repulsion.

هوای شهر به خاطر آلودگی زشت شده است.

Translation: The city's air has become ugly (unpleasant) due to pollution.

او با صدای زشتی فریاد زد.

Translation: He shouted with an ugly (harsh/unpleasant) voice.
Social Context
In Iranian etiquette (Ta'arof), the word is frequently used to self-deprecate or to emphasize the importance of good manners.

خط من خیلی زشت است، ببخشید.

Translation: My handwriting is very ugly, excuse me.

Using 'zesht' effectively requires understanding its role as an adjective and its adverbial nuances. In a sentence, it typically follows the noun it modifies using the Ezafe construction (e.g., 'âdam-e zesht' - ugly person) or functions as a predicate after the verb 'to be' (e.g., 'in zesht ast' - this is ugly).

  • As a Predicate: 'این لباس زشت است' (This dress is ugly). Here, it describes the subject directly.
  • With Ezafe: 'رفتار زشت او' (His ugly behavior). The 'e' sound links the noun and the adjective.
  • Intensifiers: You can use 'kheyli' (very) or 'besiyâr' (extremely) to amplify the meaning: 'خیلی زشت' (very ugly).

When applying 'zesht' to behavior, it often takes the place of English words like 'rude,' 'inappropriate,' or 'unbecoming.' For example, 'Zesht ast ke dast nazani' (It is ugly/rude not to clap). In this context, it acts as a social corrective.

You will encounter 'zesht' in a variety of settings, from casual daily conversations to formal literature. In a household, a parent might say 'Zesht ast!' to a child who is sticking their tongue out. In a clothing store, a shopper might whisper to a friend that a particular pattern is 'zesht.' In classical Persian poetry, 'zesht' is often contrasted with 'zibâ' to discuss the duality of the world or the human soul.

In modern media, 'zesht' appears in news headlines discussing 'zesht' crimes (heinous crimes) or in social media comments critiquing art or public figures. It is a high-frequency word that every learner must master to understand the basic binary of Persian evaluation: good/beautiful vs. bad/ugly.

One common mistake for English speakers is using 'zesht' only for physical appearance. While correct, you miss half the word's utility if you don't use it for social faux pas. Another mistake is using it too bluntly. In Persian culture, calling a person 'zesht' is a severe insult; instead, people might say 'un-beautiful' (nâzibâ) to be more polite.

Learners also sometimes confuse 'zesht' with 'bad' (bad). While all 'zesht' things are 'bad,' not all 'bad' things are 'zesht.' 'Zesht' implies a visual or moral repulsion, whereas 'bad' is a more general term for low quality or negative outcome.

Several words share semantic space with 'zesht'. Badgel (بدگل) specifically refers to physical ugliness, literally meaning 'bad-flower' or 'bad-form.' Nâzibâ (نازیبا) is the formal negation of beautiful and is used in academic or artistic critiques. Karih (کریه) is a more intense, formal word often used for 'hideous' or 'revolting' appearances or sounds.

For moral ugliness, Qabih (قبیح) is frequently used in religious or legal contexts to describe 'vile' or 'abominable' acts. Understanding these nuances helps you choose the right level of intensity and formality for your conversation.

How Formal Is It?

正式

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俚语

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难度评级

需要掌握的语法

按水平分级的例句

1

این گربه زشت است.

This cat is ugly.

Subject + Adjective + Verb

2

خانه زشت نیست.

The house is not ugly.

Negation with 'nist'

3

مداد زشت.

Ugly pencil.

Noun-Adjective Ezafe

4

او یک لباس زشت دارد.

He has an ugly dress/shirt.

Indefinite 'yek' + Noun + Adjective

5

رنگ زشت.

Ugly color.

Simple Ezafe

6

این سیب زشت است اما خوشمزه است.

This apple is ugly but it is delicious.

Contrast with 'amâ' (but)

7

ماشینِ زشتِ من.

My ugly car.

Possessive Ezafe chain

8

آیا این زشت است؟

Is this ugly?

Question form

1

دروغ گفتن خیلی زشت است.

Lying is very ugly (bad).

Gerund as subject

2

او حرف‌های زشتی زد.

He said ugly (rude) words.

Plural noun + Adjective

3

این ساختمان قدیمی و زشت است.

This building is old and ugly.

Compound adjectives

4

چرا این نقاشی اینقدر زشت است؟

Why is this painting so ugly?

Interrogative 'cherâ'

5

رفتار او در مهمانی زشت بود.

His behavior at the party was ugly (improper).

Past tense 'bud'

6

کفش‌های زشتت را عوض کن.

Change your ugly shoes.

Imperative verb

7

او فکر می‌کند من زشت هستم.

He thinks I am ugly.

Subordinate clause with 'ke'

8

این یک اتفاق زشت بود.

This was an ugly incident.

Noun phrase as predicate

1

در فرهنگ ما، این کار خیلی زشت محسوب می‌شود.

In our culture, this act is considered very ugly.

Passive-like construction 'mahsub mishavad'

2

زشتیِ این کار بر کسی پوشیده نیست.

The ugliness of this act is hidden from no one.

Noun form 'zeshti'

3

او سعی کرد جنبه‌های زشتِ ماجرا را پنهان کند.

He tried to hide the ugly aspects of the story.

Complex object

4

صدای زشتِ کلاغ در باغ پیچید.

The ugly sound of the crow echoed in the garden.

Descriptive narrative

5

نباید با دیگران با لحن زشتی صحبت کنی.

You shouldn't talk to others with an ugly tone.

Modal verb 'nabâyad'

6

او با وجود چهره‌ای زشت، قلبی مهربان داشت.

Despite an ugly face, he had a kind heart.

Contrast with 'bâ vojud-e'

7

این منظره با زباله‌ها زشت شده است.

This view has become ugly with trash.

Resultative state

8

او از کلمات زشت در نوشته‌اش استفاده کرد.

He used ugly words in his writing.

Prepositional phrase

1

فقر، چهره زشتی به شهر بخشیده است.

Poverty has given an ugly face to the city.

Personification

2

او با یک حرکت زشت، تمام زحماتش را به باد داد.

With one ugly move, he blew all his efforts away.

Idiomatic expression 'be bâd dâd'

3

فیلم به خوبی زشتی‌های جنگ را به تصویر می‌کشد.

The film depicts the uglinesses of war well.

Plural abstract noun

4

این یک حقیقت زشت است که باید بپذیریم.

This is an ugly truth that we must accept.

Relative clause

5

او از اینکه زشت دیده شود، واهمه داشت.

He was afraid of being seen as ugly.

Passive infinitive

6

سیاست گاهی اوقات بازی زشتی می‌شود.

Politics sometimes becomes an ugly game.

Metaphorical usage

7

آن‌ها با زشت‌ترین شکل ممکن با او برخورد کردند.

They treated him in the ugliest way possible.

Superlative 'zesht-tarin'

8

او همیشه از نیمه زشتِ واقعیت فرار می‌کرد.

He always ran away from the ugly half of reality.

Symbolic usage

1

در اشعار کلاسیک، زشت و زیبا در تقابلی ابدی هستند.

In classical poems, the ugly and the beautiful are in eternal opposition.

Dualistic concepts

2

نویسنده با ظرافت، زشتیِ نهفته در بطن جامعه را آشکار می‌کند.

The author delicately reveals the ugliness hidden in the heart of society.

Advanced vocabulary (batn, âshkâr)

3

این پارادوکس که چگونه یک اثر هنری زشت می‌تواند جذاب باشد، جالب است.

The paradox of how an ugly artwork can be attractive is interesting.

Complex noun phrase

4

او با زشت‌انگاریِ دیگران، سعی در بالا بردن خود داشت.

By perceiving others as ugly/inferior, he tried to elevate himself.

Compound noun 'zesht-angâri'

5

تجربه زشتِ شکست، او را به انسانی پخته‌تر تبدیل کرد.

The ugly experience of failure turned him into a more mature human.

Adjective modifying an abstract experience

6

او در میان زشتی‌های روزگار، به دنبال روزنه‌ای از نور بود.

Amidst the uglinesses of the times, he was looking for a crack of light.

Literary pluralization

7

برخورد زشتِ مأمور، باعث اعتراض مردم شد.

The officer's ugly (harsh/unprofessional) conduct caused public protest.

Cause and effect structure

8

او هیچ‌گاه اجازه نداد زشتیِ کلام دیگران بر روحش اثر بگذارد.

He never let the ugliness of others' words affect his soul.

Subjunctive mood

1

استحاله زیبایی به زشتی، درون‌مایه اصلی این رمان سورئال است.

The transformation of beauty into ugliness is the main theme of this surreal novel.

Highly formal/academic vocabulary

2

او با نگاهی هستی‌شناسانه، به تبیین مفهوم زشت در هنر مدرن پرداخت.

With an ontological gaze, he proceeded to explain the concept of the ugly in modern art.

Philosophical terminology

3

زشت‌روییِ او در مقابل سیرتِ زیبایش، هیچ اهمیتی نداشت.

His physical ugliness was of no importance compared to his beautiful inner nature.

Contrast between 'surat' (face) and 'sirat' (inner nature)

4

وقاحت و زشتیِ این جنایت، جامعه را در شوک فرو برد.

The audacity and ugliness of this crime plunged society into shock.

Hendiadys (waqâhat va zeshti)

5

او به نقدِ زشت‌پرستی در رسانه‌های معاصر پرداخت.

He critiqued the 'worship of the ugly' in contemporary media.

Neologism/Compound 'zesht-parasti'

6

در دیالکتیکِ زشت و زیبا، هیچ‌کدام بدون دیگری معنا نمی‌یابند.

In the dialectic of the ugly and the beautiful, neither finds meaning without the other.

Philosophical structure

7

او با بیانی گزنده، از زشتی‌های اخلاقیِ طبقه‌ی حاکم پرده برداشت.

With a biting expression, he unveiled the moral uglinesses of the ruling class.

Metaphorical 'parde bardâshtan'

8

این اثر، تجسمِ زشتیِ عریانِ انسانیت در لحظات بحرانی است.

This work is the embodiment of the naked ugliness of humanity in moments of crisis.

Abstract personification

常见搭配

چهره زشت
رفتار زشت
حرف زشت
کار زشت
عادت زشت
منظره زشت
صدای زشت
خوی زشت
رنگ زشت
بوی زشت

常用短语

خیلی زشت است!

کار زشتی کردی.

حرف زشت نزن.

زشت و زیبا

چهره زشت فقر

به شکل زشتی

واقعاً زشت است

چقدر زشت!

زشت شدن

زشت کردن

容易混淆的词

زشت vs بد (Bad)

Bad is general; Zesht is specifically about appearance or social shame.

زشت vs کثیف (Dirty)

Dirty is physical filth; Zesht is aesthetic or moral lack of beauty.

زشت vs سخت (Hard)

Sometimes 'zesht' is used for harsh sounds, but 'sakht' is for difficulty.

习语与表达

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容易混淆

زشت vs

زشت vs

句型

如何使用

moral

Used for social/ethical violations.

nuance

Stronger than 'bad' in a moral sense.

physical

Used for anything visually displeasing.

常见错误
  • Using 'zesht' to describe a person's appearance in polite company.
  • Forgetting the Ezafe when saying 'ugly [noun]'.
  • Confusing the pronunciation with 'zhest' (gesture).
  • Using 'zesht' for a bad taste (use 'bad' or 'talkh' instead).
  • Thinking 'zesht' only means 'ugly' and not 'rude'.

小贴士

Mind the Face

In Iranian culture, calling a person 'zesht' is a significant insult. Use it for objects or actions instead.

Ezafe Link

Always remember the 'e' sound when linking 'zesht' to a noun, like 'lebas-e zesht'.

Beyond Physical

Try using 'zesht' to describe a rude action today to practice its moral meaning.

Emphasis

Lengthening the 'sh' sound slightly can show how much you dislike something.

Synonyms

Use 'badgel' in stories to describe a character's appearance more specifically.

Context Clues

If you hear 'zesht' in a social setting, look for what rule was just broken.

Visual Aid

Imagine a 'Z' shape being drawn over an ugly painting to remember the word.

Ta'arof

You can use 'zesht' to humbly describe your own work, but never your guest's.

Formal vs Informal

In formal settings, 'nâzibâ' is often preferred over 'zesht'.

Old Roots

Knowing it comes from Middle Persian 'zišt' helps you see its deep history.

记住它

词源

Middle Persian (Pahlavi)

文化背景

Commonly used by parents to correct children's manners.

Avoid calling people 'zesht'. Use 'nâzibâ' or focus on specific traits.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"آیا این رنگ برای اتاق زشت است؟"

"به نظر تو چه کاری خیلی زشت است؟"

"چرا بعضی‌ها حرف‌های زشت می‌زنند؟"

"آیا تا به حال یک فیلم زشت دیده‌ای؟"

"چطور می‌توان زشتی‌های شهر را کم کرد؟"

日记主题

درباره زمانی بنویسید که شاهد یک رفتار زشت بودید.

آیا چیزی که برای شما زشت است، برای دیگران هم زشت است؟

چگونه زشتی می‌تواند به زیبایی تبدیل شود؟

تفاوت بین 'بد' و 'زشت' را توضیح دهید.

یک نقاشی زشت را توصیف کنید.

常见问题

10 个问题

No, it is not a swear word. It is a standard adjective meaning 'ugly.' However, using it to describe a person's appearance can be very offensive and hurtful. It is perfectly fine to use for objects or bad behaviors.

Usually, we use 'bad' (bad) or 'zanande' (repulsive) for smells. While you might hear 'buy-e zesht,' it is less common than 'buy-e bad.' It is more about visual or moral qualities.

The most common opposite is 'zibâ' (beautiful). Other opposites include 'qashang' (pretty) and 'khoshgel' (good-looking). For behavior, 'nik' or 'khub' (good) are opposites.

You add the suffix '-i' to the end of the word to get 'zeshti' (زشتی). For example: 'Zeshti-ye in kâr' means 'The ugliness of this act.'

Yes, very frequently. Poets like Rumi often use the contrast between 'zesht' and 'zibâ' to talk about the physical world versus the spiritual world, or the ego versus the divine.

Yes, in many contexts. If someone says 'Zesht ast ke salâm nakoni,' they mean 'It is rude/improper not to say hello.' It's a very common way to talk about manners.

Yes, you can say 'nâzibâ' (not beautiful) or 'ghayr-e jazâb' (unattractive). These sound more objective and less like a personal attack than 'zesht'.

If the movie is visually poorly made or has a morally repulsive theme, yes. But if the movie is just 'bad' or 'boring,' you would use 'bad' or 'khaste-konande'.

No, Persian adjectives do not change for gender. 'Zesht' is used for men, women, and inanimate objects alike.

The comparative form is 'zesht-tar' (زشت‌تر), meaning 'uglier.' The superlative is 'zesht-tarin' (زشت‌ترین), meaning 'ugliest.'

自我测试 180 个问题

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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