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empêcher

A2 verb 11分钟阅读

empêcher

开始练习例句笔记与提示 empêcher 30秒了解

解析 empêcher in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'empêcher' is a useful word to know for basic descriptions of why you cannot do something. You might use it to explain a simple problem. For example, 'La pluie empêche de sortir' (The rain prevents going out). At this stage, learners should focus on the basic meaning: 'to stop' or 'to prevent'. It is a regular -er verb, so it follows the same conjugation pattern as 'parler' or 'manger'. You will most often see it used with simple subjects like 'la pluie' (the rain), 'le bruit' (the noise), or 'le mur' (the wall). A1 students should learn the phrase 'Ça m'empêche de...' (That prevents me from...) as a fixed block to express frustration or limitations. It is helpful for explaining why a task isn't finished or why a plan changed. Even at this early stage, noticing that 'de' always follows the verb when an action is mentioned is a key takeaway. You don't need to worry about complex grammar like the subjunctive yet; just use it with nouns and infinitives. Imagine you are trying to sleep and someone is talking loudly; you can say 'Le bruit m'empêche de dormir'. This is a very common and practical use case. Learning 'empêcher' early helps you move beyond simple 'non' and 'pas possible' to actually explaining the cause of an obstacle.

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At the A2 level, you should be comfortable using 'empêcher' with direct object pronouns. For example, 'Tu m'empêches de travailler' (You are preventing me from working). You are now expected to understand that 'empêcher' requires a direct object (me, te, le, la, nous, vous, les). You should also start recognizing the reflexive form 's'empêcher de', especially in common negative expressions like 'Je ne peux pas m'empêcher de rire' (I can't help laughing). This level is about expanding your ability to describe daily obstacles and personal reactions. You'll encounter the word in more varied contexts, such as health (preventing a cold) or travel (a strike preventing a flight). You should also be aware of the past tense (passé composé) agreement: 'Elle nous a empêchés de partir'. Since 'nous' is a direct object before the verb, the past participle 'empêché' gets an 's'. A2 learners should also be careful not to confuse 'empêcher' with 'prévenir'. Remember: 'empêcher' is 'to stop something', while 'prévenir' is 'to tell someone something is coming'. Practice using 'empêcher' to describe your day-to-day life and the small things that get in your way.

By B1, you are expected to use 'empêcher' in more complex narratives and to express nuanced opinions. You should be able to use it to discuss social issues, rules, and regulations. For example, 'Quelles sont les lois qui empêchent la pollution ?' (What are the laws that prevent pollution?). At this level, you should also be familiar with the noun form 'un empêchement'. This is a very common way to politely cancel an appointment: 'Désolé, j'ai un empêchement de dernière minute' (Sorry, I have a last-minute conflict). You will also start seeing 'empêcher' used in the passive voice: 'Il a été empêché de remplir ses fonctions' (He was prevented from fulfilling his duties). Your understanding of the reflexive 's'empêcher de' should grow to include more than just laughter; it can be about any irresistible impulse, like 's'empêcher de pleurer' (refrain from crying) or 's'empêcher de manger du chocolat'. You should also begin to notice the construction 'empêcher que' in reading materials, though you might not use it frequently in speech. At B1, 'empêcher' becomes a tool for discussing cause and effect in a logical way, allowing you to link ideas and explain the 'why' behind certain situations in a more sophisticated manner.

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At the B2 level, you are expected to master the more formal 'empêcher que + subjunctive' construction. This often involves the 'ne explétif', which is a hallmark of advanced French. For example, 'Le gouvernement a pris des mesures pour empêcher que l'inflation ne s'aggrave' (The government took measures to prevent inflation from worsening). You should understand that this 'ne' is not a negation but a formal stylistic element. B2 learners should also be comfortable with the idiomatic 'n'empêche que' or simply 'n'empêche' as a conversational transition meaning 'nevertheless' or 'all the same'. For instance, 'C'est cher, n'empêche que c'est de la bonne qualité'. This shows a high level of conversational fluency. You should also be able to distinguish between 'empêcher' and more specific synonyms like 'entraver' (to hamper), 'prohiber' (to prohibit), or 'obstruer' (to obstruct) depending on the context. Your writing should reflect this precision. You might use 'empêcher' in a formal essay to discuss societal barriers or psychological inhibitions. You are also expected to handle complex pronoun placements and agreements without hesitation, such as 'Les obstacles qu'ils ont rencontrés les ont empêchés de réussir' (The obstacles they met prevented them from succeeding).

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At the C1 level, your use of 'empêcher' should be precise and varied. You should understand its philosophical and legal implications. In a legal context, 'empêcher' might refer to 'empêchement dirimant' (an absolute bar to marriage). You are expected to use the verb in highly formal contexts, such as academic writing or professional reports, often opting for the 'empêcher que + subjunctive' structure to maintain a high register. You should also be sensitive to the rhythm and flow of the sentence, knowing when to use the 'ne explétif' and when it might sound too archaic. Your vocabulary should include the full family of words related to 'empêcher', such as 'impitoyable' (unpreventable/relentless in a different sense) or 'infranchissable'. You should also be able to use 's'empêcher de' to describe complex psychological states in literary analysis. For example, analyzing a character who 'ne peut s'empêcher de saboter son propre bonheur'. At this level, you are not just using the word; you are playing with its nuances to convey subtle meanings. You might use it in a debate to argue how certain structures 'empêchent l'ascension sociale' (prevent social mobility), using it as a powerful verb of critique and analysis.

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At the C2 level, 'empêcher' is a tool for absolute linguistic precision. You should be able to use it in its most literary and archaic forms, including the 'ne explétif' with perfect ease. You will encounter 'empêcher' in classical French literature (like Racine or Molière) and understand how its usage has evolved over centuries. Your mastery of the word includes knowing its rare uses, such as 'être empêché' in the sense of being busy or tied up in a very formal way. You can use 'empêcher' to discuss abstract concepts like 'le libre arbitre' (free will) and what 'empêche' human freedom. You are also expected to recognize and use highly specific synonyms in technical fields—'inhiber' in chemistry, 'proscrire' in law, or 'juguler' in economics—while knowing that 'empêcher' remains the versatile core. Your ability to use 'n'empêche que' in a witty, ironic, or deeply nuanced way in conversation shows a total immersion in the language's cultural subtext. You can analyze the difference between 'empêcher le mal' and 'prévenir le mal' in a theological or ethical discussion. At C2, the word is no longer a vocabulary item but a flexible instrument for expressing the complex interactions of causality and restraint in the human experience.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

empêcher 30秒了解

Empêcher is the standard French verb for 'to prevent' or 'to stop'.
It follows the grammatical pattern: empêcher [someone] de [do something].
The reflexive form 's'empêcher de' means 'to help oneself from' or 'to refrain from'.
In formal contexts, it can trigger the 'ne explétif' and the subjunctive mood.

The French verb empêcher is a foundational pillar of the language, primarily used to express the concept of prevention, obstruction, or the act of stopping something from occurring. At its core, it describes a barrier—whether physical, legal, emotional, or circumstantial—that stands between an agent and an action. For English speakers, the most direct translation is 'to prevent,' but depending on the context, it can also translate to 'to stop,' 'to keep from,' or 'to hinder.' Understanding the nuance of empêcher requires looking at its grammatical construction, which almost always involves the preposition 'de' before an infinitive verb. For example, when you say 'La pluie empêche les enfants de jouer dehors,' you are literally saying the rain prevents the children from playing outside. This verb is ubiquitous in daily French life, appearing in weather reports, legal documents, parenting discussions, and technical manuals.

Physical Obstruction: When a physical object or condition stops movement or progress, such as a fallen tree on a road or a locked door.

Le mur empêche la vue sur la mer.

Beyond the physical, it is used for abstract concepts. A lack of money might 'empêcher' someone from traveling, or a law might 'empêcher' a company from polluting. It is also frequently used in the reflexive form, s'empêcher de, which means 'to help oneself from doing something' or 'to refrain from.' This is often heard in the negative: 'Je ne peux pas m'empêcher de rire' (I can't help but laugh). This reflexive use captures the internal struggle of self-control. In formal writing, empêcher can trigger the 'ne explétif' when followed by a subordinate clause starting with 'que'. For instance, 'J'empêcherai qu'il ne vienne' (I will prevent him from coming). This 'ne' does not mean 'not'; it is a stylistic marker of high-level French.

Social Context: Used when discussing rules, regulations, or social norms that restrict behavior.

Rien ne nous empêche de partir maintenant.

La fatigue m'a empêché de finir mon travail.

Son orgueil l'empêche de s'excuser.

La loi empêche la vente de ce produit.

Psychological Barriers: Refers to fear, doubt, or hesitation that stops an individual from taking action.

In summary, this word is about the friction between intent and reality. Whether it is a literal wall or a metaphorical law, 'empêcher' is the verb that describes the act of blocking that path.

Mastering empêcher involves understanding its three primary syntactic patterns. The most frequent structure is empêcher quelqu'un/quelque chose de + infinitive. This is the bread and butter of the verb's usage. For instance, 'Le bruit m'empêche de dormir' (The noise prevents me from sleeping). Here, 'le bruit' is the subject, 'm'' (me) is the direct object, and 'de dormir' is the action being blocked. It is crucial to note that the English 'from' is translated as 'de' in French, and the following verb remains in the infinitive form.

The Direct Object Pattern: [Subject] + empêcher + [Direct Object] + de + [Infinitive]. Example: 'Tu m'empêches de travailler.'

Les lunettes de soleil empêchent les rayons UV de blesser les yeux.

The second pattern is the reflexive s'empêcher de. This is used when the subject is preventing themselves from doing something. It is almost always used in the negative to express an irresistible urge. 'Je ne peux pas m'empêcher de penser à elle' (I can't help thinking about her). This construction is vital for expressing emotions and lack of self-restraint. The third, more advanced pattern uses a subordinate clause: empêcher que + subjunctive. This is more formal and often includes the 'ne explétif'. 'On a tout fait pour empêcher que le feu ne se propage' (Everything was done to prevent the fire from spreading). While a beginner can stick to the 'de + infinitive' structure, recognizing the 'que + subjunctive' form is necessary for reading literature or news.

Impersonal Use: Often used with 'rien' or 'cela' to indicate general possibility. 'Rien n'empêche de rêver' (Nothing prevents [one] from dreaming).

Cette règle empêche toute confusion lors du vote.

Elle a mis sa main devant sa bouche pour empêcher un cri.

Le brouillard empêche les avions de décoller ce matin.

L'arbitre a sifflé pour empêcher une bagarre sur le terrain.

Passive Construction: While less common, you can say 'être empêché de'. 'Il a été empêché de venir par une réunion de dernière minute.'

In daily conversation, you'll often hear 'N'empêche que...', which is a colloquial way of saying 'In spite of that...' or 'Even so...'. For example: 'Il fait froid, mais n'empêche que c'est beau' (It's cold, but even so, it's beautiful). This idiomatic use is a great way to sound more like a native speaker.

You will encounter empêcher in almost every corner of Francophone life. In the professional world, it is the standard verb for discussing logistical barriers. In a corporate meeting, a manager might say, 'Qu'est-ce qui nous empêche d'atteindre nos objectifs ?' (What is preventing us from reaching our goals?). Here, it serves as a tool for problem-solving and identifying bottlenecks.

In the News: Journalists use it to describe geopolitical blocks, such as 'Le veto a empêché l'adoption de la résolution' (The veto prevented the adoption of the resolution).

La grève empêche les trains de circuler normalement aujourd'hui.

In the domestic sphere, parents use it constantly. 'Arrête d'empêcher ton frère de faire ses devoirs !' (Stop preventing your brother from doing his homework!). It is the verb of discipline and boundary-setting. In health and safety, you'll see it on warning signs or in medical advice: 'Ce médicament empêche la coagulation du sang' (This medicine prevents blood clotting). In literature and film, empêcher often takes on a more dramatic tone, representing fate or societal constraints. A tragic hero might be 'empêché' by his past from finding happiness. In a more modern, casual context, the phrase 'N'empêche' is a conversational filler used to transition between ideas while acknowledging a previous point. If a friend says a movie was too long, you might reply, 'N'empêche, les acteurs étaient incroyables' (Even so, the actors were incredible).

Weather and Nature: Used when nature disrupts plans. 'L'orage nous a empêchés de partir en randonnée.'

Le manque de preuves empêche le juge de rendre un verdict.

Un problème technique nous empêche d'accéder au site web.

La barrière est là pour empêcher les animaux de s'échapper.

Rien n'empêche que nous soyons amis malgré nos différences.

Scientific Context: Used to describe inhibitors or barriers in experiments, such as 'Cette substance empêche la réaction chimique.'

Whether you are watching a debate on TV, reading a recipe ('pour empêcher la pâte de coller'), or talking to a neighbor, 'empêcher' is the essential verb for discussing the limits of what is possible.

One of the most frequent errors English speakers make with empêcher is the 'false friend' confusion with the verb prévenir. In English, 'to prevent' and 'to warn' are distinct, but 'prevent' is often the first word that comes to mind when an English speaker sees 'prévenir'. However, in French, prévenir almost exclusively means 'to warn' or 'to inform in advance'. If you want to say 'I prevented the accident,' you must use empêcher ('J'ai empêché l'accident'). Using 'J'ai prévenu l'accident' would sound like you told the accident it was about to happen!

Preposition Error: Avoid saying 'empêcher de + [gerund]'. English uses 'prevent from [doing]'. French uses 'empêcher de + [infinitive]'. Incorrect: 'empêcher de fumant'. Correct: 'empêcher de fumer'.

Il m'a empêché de faire une bêtise (He stopped me from making a mistake).

Another common mistake is omitting the direct object. In English, we can say 'The rain prevented us.' In French, you need to specify what it prevented us from doing, or at least keep the object pronoun: 'La pluie nous en a empêchés.' Leaving out the 'de + infinitive' or the 'en' can make the sentence feel unfinished. Confusion also arises with the verb arrêter. While arrêter means 'to stop' in a physical sense (like a car), empêcher is better for 'to prevent' an event or a process. You 'arrêter' a thief, but you 'empêcher' a robbery.

Pronoun Placement: Remember that 'empêcher' takes a direct object. So it's 'Je l'empêche' (I prevent him), not 'Je lui empêche'.

Rien ne l'empêche de réussir ses examens s'il travaille.

Ne laissez pas la peur vous empêcher d'essayer de nouvelles choses.

Le bruit des travaux m'a empêché de me concentrer.

L'obscurité empêche de voir les détails du paysage.

Reflexive Confusion: Learners sometimes forget that 's'empêcher' requires 'de'. It's 'Je ne peux pas m'empêcher de rire', not 'Je ne peux pas m'empêcher rire'.

Finally, avoid overusing 'empêcher' when a simpler 'ne pas laisser' (not let) would suffice in casual speech. 'Il ne me laisse pas parler' is often more natural than 'Il m'empêche de parler' in a friendly argument.

While empêcher is the most versatile word for prevention, several alternatives offer more specific shades of meaning. Understanding these can elevate your French from functional to expressive.

Éviter: Means 'to avoid'. While 'empêcher' stops something from happening, 'éviter' is about staying away from it or making sure it doesn't happen through caution. 'On veut éviter les erreurs' (We want to avoid errors).

La vaccination empêche la maladie de se propager.

Interdire: Means 'to forbid' or 'to ban'. This is about authority and rules. 'La loi interdit de fumer ici' is more specific than 'La loi empêche de fumer here'.

Bloquer: Means 'to block'. Use this for physical obstructions or technical stoppages. 'Le pare-feu bloque les virus' (The firewall blocks viruses).

Sa timidité l'empêche de parler en public.

Il faut empêcher cette situation de s'aggraver.

Le froid empêche les plantes de pousser.

Un accident a empêché la circulation sur l'autoroute.

Faire obstacle à: A more formal phrase meaning 'to stand in the way of'. 'Ils font obstacle à la paix' (They are obstructing peace).

Comparing 'empêcher' with 'prévenir' once more: remember that 'prévenir' is for warning, while 'empêcher' is for stopping. However, in very specific administrative French, 'prévention' (the noun) is used for 'crime prevention' (la prévention du crime), but the verb remains 'empêcher' for the action of stopping a specific crime. By choosing the right synonym, you can specify whether the 'prevention' is due to a rule (interdire), a physical block (bloquer), or a proactive strategy (éviter).

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The English word 'impeach' actually shares the same Latin root 'impeticare'. While in French it evolved to mean 'to prevent', in English it evolved to mean 'to challenge' or 'to accuse' (originally to 'hinder' by legal charge).

发音指南

UK /ɑ̃.pe.ʃe/

US /ɑ̃.pe.ʃe/

In French, stress is usually evenly distributed, but a slight emphasis falls on the final syllable: em-pê-CHÉ.

押韵词

marcher chercher toucher coucher pécher pêcher clocher rocher

常见错误

Pronouncing the 'm' or 'n' clearly (it should be a nasal vowel).
Pronouncing the final 'r' (it is silent in -er verbs).
Confusing the 'ê' sound with 'ee'. It should be an open 'e' sound.
Failing to make the 'ch' sound soft like 'sh'.
Over-emphasizing the first syllable.

难度评级

阅读 2/5

Easy to recognize in most texts due to its consistent spelling and structure.

写作 3/5

Requires remembering the 'de' preposition and object pronoun placement.

口语 3/5

Nasal vowels can be tricky, and the reflexive use needs practice for speed.

听力 2/5

Clear pronunciation, though 'n'empêche' can be fast in conversation.

接下来学什么

前置知识

arrêter faire de pouvoir vouloir

接下来学习

permettre interdire éviter entraver prévenir

高级

inhiber proscrire juguler obstruer réfréner

需要掌握的语法

Preposition 'de' before infinitives

Il m'empêche DE partir.

Object pronoun placement

Je L'empêche de tomber.

Reflexive verb conjugation

Je ME suis empêché de parler.

The 'ne explétif' with 'empêcher que'

J'empêche qu'il NE vienne.

Subjunctive mood after 'empêcher que'

On empêche que le feu SOIT dangereux.

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按水平分级的例句

La pluie empêche de jouer.

The rain prevents playing.

Simple subject + verb + de + infinitive.

Le bruit m'empêche de dormir.

The noise stops me from sleeping.

Use of 'm'' as a direct object pronoun.

Le mur empêche de voir.

The wall prevents seeing.

Impersonal use without a direct object.

Je ne peux pas m'empêcher de rire.

I can't help laughing.

Reflexive form 's'empêcher de'.

Le chien empêche le chat de passer.

The dog prevents the cat from passing.

Subject + verb + object + de + infinitive.

Rien ne m'empêche de partir.

Nothing stops me from leaving.

Negative structure 'Rien ne... empêche'.

La neige empêche les voitures de rouler.

The snow prevents the cars from driving.

Plural subject and plural object.

Maman m'empêche de manger des bonbons.

Mom prevents me from eating candies.

Standard A1 sentence structure.

Tu nous empêches de nous concentrer.

You are preventing us from concentrating.

Object pronoun 'nous' before the verb.

Il n'a pas pu s'empêcher de pleurer.

He couldn't help crying.

Reflexive in the passé composé.

La grève nous a empêchés de prendre le train.

The strike prevented us from taking the train.

Past participle agreement with 'nous' (s).

Qu'est-ce qui t'empêche de venir ?

What is preventing you from coming?

Question form with 'Qu'est-ce qui'.

Le gardien empêche les gens d'entrer.

The guard prevents people from entering.

Elision of 'de' to 'd'' before a vowel.

Cette loi empêche la vente d'alcool aux mineurs.

This law prevents the sale of alcohol to minors.

Abstract subject (la loi).

Elle s'empêche de manger trop de sucre.

She stops herself from eating too much sugar.

Reflexive 'se' for self-control.

Le brouillard empêche les pilotes de voir la piste.

The fog prevents the pilots from seeing the runway.

Plural object 'les pilotes'.

J'ai eu un empêchement, je ne peux pas venir.

I had a conflict, I can't come.

Use of the noun 'empêchement'.

Rien n'empêche que nous travaillions ensemble.

Nothing prevents us from working together.

Introduction to 'empêcher que' + subjunctive.

Il a été empêché par la police de continuer sa route.

He was prevented by the police from continuing his way.

Passive voice 'être empêché'.

L'absence de preuves a empêché le procès.

The lack of evidence prevented the trial.

Abstract noun as subject.

Elle ne peut s'empêcher de critiquer tout le monde.

She can't help criticizing everyone.

Reflexive expressing a habit.

Cela n'empêche pas que c'est une bonne idée.

That doesn't stop it from being a good idea.

Conjunctional use for contrast.

Le manque d'argent m'a empêché de voyager.

The lack of money prevented me from traveling.

Direct object 'm'' and 'de' + infinitive.

Les arbres empêchent le vent de souffler trop fort.

The trees prevent the wind from blowing too hard.

Natural cause and effect.

Il faut empêcher que la situation ne s'envenime.

We must prevent the situation from getting worse.

Subjunctive with 'ne explétif'.

C'est difficile, n'empêche que c'est passionnant.

It's difficult, but all the same, it's fascinating.

Idiomatic 'n'empêche que'.

La jalousie l'empêche d'être heureux.

Jealousy prevents him from being happy.

Psychological barrier.

On a tout fait pour empêcher qu'il ne parte.

We did everything to prevent him from leaving.

'Pour empêcher que' + subjunctive.

Les travaux ont empêché l'accès au centre-ville.

The roadworks prevented access to the city center.

Noun direct object 'l'accès'.

Sa fierté l'a empêché de demander de l'aide.

His pride prevented him from asking for help.

Abstract psychological subject.

Rien n'empêche qu'on en discute plus tard.

Nothing prevents us from discussing it later.

Subjunctive 'discute'.

La digue empêche l'eau d'envahir le village.

The levee prevents the water from flooding the village.

Technical/Geographical context.

L'obscurantisme empêche le progrès de la science.

Obscurantism prevents the progress of science.

Philosophical/Academic context.

On ne saurait empêcher l'évolution des mœurs.

One cannot prevent the evolution of social customs.

Use of 'ne saurait' for formal impossibility.

Cette clause empêche toute renégociation du contrat.

This clause prevents any renegotiation of the contract.

Legal context.

Il s'est vu empêché de siéger au conseil.

He found himself prevented from sitting on the council.

Pronominal passive 'se voir empêché'.

Rien ne peut empêcher que la vérité ne finisse par éclater.

Nothing can prevent the truth from finally coming out.

Complex structure with 'ne explétif'.

La bureaucratie empêche souvent l'innovation.

Bureaucracy often prevents innovation.

Societal critique.

Son état de santé l'empêche de voyager à l'étranger.

His state of health prevents him from traveling abroad.

Formal medical context.

Le veto a empêché que la motion ne soit votée.

The veto prevented the motion from being voted on.

Political context with passive subjunctive.

Nul ne peut empêcher le cœur d'aimer.

No one can prevent the heart from loving.

Literary 'Nul ne peut'.

Le destin semblait avoir empêché leur rencontre.

Fate seemed to have prevented their meeting.

Philosophical/Literary use.

L'hermétisme du texte empêche toute lecture linéaire.

The hermeticism of the text prevents any linear reading.

Literary criticism context.

Il est empêché par de hautes considérations morales.

He is hindered by high moral considerations.

Formal passive with abstract agent.

Rien n'empêche, au demeurant, de revoir notre position.

Nothing prevents us, moreover, from reviewing our position.

Use of 'au demeurant' for advanced flow.

La rareté de la ressource en empêche l'exploitation.

The rarity of the resource prevents its exploitation.

Use of 'en' to replace a noun phrase.

L'étroitesse d'esprit empêche la compréhension mutuelle.

Narrow-mindedness prevents mutual understanding.

Abstract conceptual subject.

Que cela ne nous empêche pas de rester courtois.

Let that not prevent us from remaining courteous.

Subjunctive used as an imperative/wish.

常见搭配

empêcher de dormir

empêcher de passer

empêcher de nuire

empêcher de respirer

empêcher de sortir

empêcher de travailler

empêcher que cela ne se reproduise

empêcher la propagation

empêcher l'accès

rien ne l'empêche

常用短语

N'empêche que...

— Used to introduce a contrasting point, similar to 'even so' or 'nevertheless'.

Il est petit, n'empêche qu'il est très fort.

Je ne peux pas m'en empêcher.

— I can't help myself. Used when you do something instinctively or repeatedly.

Je mange trop de chocolat, je ne peux pas m'en empêcher.

Avoir un empêchement.

— To have a conflict or a last-minute problem that prevents you from going somewhere.

Désolé, j'ai un empêchement de dernière minute.

S'empêcher de + infinitive.

— To refrain from doing something. Often used in the negative.

Elle s'empêche de pleurer devant lui.

Empêcher de nuire.

— To render someone or something harmless. Literally 'to prevent from harming'.

La police a mis le suspect hors d'état d'empêcher de nuire.

Qu'est-ce qui t'en empêche ?

— What is stopping you? A common question to encourage someone.

Tu veux changer de travail ? Qu'est-ce qui t'en empêche ?

Rien ne nous empêche de...

— Nothing prevents us from... Used to suggest a possibility.

Rien ne nous empêche de partir plus tôt.

Empêcher le bon fonctionnement.

— To prevent proper functioning. Used for machines or organizations.

La poussière empêche le bon fonctionnement du moteur.

Cela n'empêche pas que...

— That doesn't stop the fact that... Used to acknowledge a point but maintain a position.

Il a fait une erreur, mais cela n'empêche pas qu'il est compétent.

Empêcher de voir clair.

— To prevent from seeing clearly, often used metaphorically for confusion.

L'émotion m'empêche de voir clair dans cette affaire.

容易混淆的词

empêcher vs prévenir

Prévenir means to warn or inform. Empêcher means to stop or prevent.

empêcher vs éviter

Éviter is to avoid something. Empêcher is to actively stop it from happening.

empêcher vs arrêter

Arrêter is to stop a movement or person. Empêcher is to prevent an event or action.

习语与表达

"Ne pas s'empêcher de"

— To be unable to stop oneself from doing something.

Je ne peux pas m'empêcher de rire quand il tombe.

informal

"C'est pas ça qui va m'empêcher de dormir"

— That's not going to keep me up at night (meaning I don't care about it).

Il me déteste ? C'est pas ça qui va m'empêcher de dormir !

informal/colloquial

"N'empêche !"

— Nevertheless! (Used as a standalone exclamation in conversation).

Il a perdu, mais n'empêche, il a bien joué !

informal

"Mettre des bâtons dans les roues"

— To put spokes in the wheels (to prevent someone from succeeding). Related concept.

Il essaie de m'empêcher de réussir en me mettant des bâtons dans les roues.

informal

"Empêcher de tourner en rond"

— To stop someone from going in circles (to provide clarity or direction).

Son conseil m'a empêché de tourner en rond pendant des heures.

neutral

"L'empêcheur de tourner en rond"

— A killjoy or someone who disrupts things for no good reason.

Ne sois pas l'empêcheur de tourner en rond, laisse-nous faire !

informal

"S'empêcher de respirer"

— To hold one's breath (often metaphorically in suspense).

On s'empêchait de respirer en attendant le résultat.

neutral

"Rien n'empêche la soif de boire"

— Nothing stops the thirsty from drinking (necessity prevails).

Quand il faut y aller, rien n'empêche la soif de boire.

literary

"Empêcher le soleil de briller"

— To try to do the impossible (preventing something natural).

Vouloir arrêter le progrès, c'est comme vouloir empêcher le soleil de briller.

poetic

"Ne pas empêcher que"

— Does not change the fact that.

Il est en retard, ce qui n'empêche pas qu'il a fait du bon travail.

neutral

容易混淆

empêcher vs prévenir

English 'prevent' looks like 'prévenir'.

Prévenir is for warning (I warn you). Empêcher is for stopping (I prevent the accident).

Je te préviens qu'il va pleuvoir, mais je ne peux pas empêcher la pluie.

empêcher vs interdire

Both involve stopping an action.

Interdire is about authority/rules. Empêcher is about any obstacle (physical or otherwise).

Le panneau interdit de passer, ce qui empêche les voitures de circuler.

empêcher vs gêner

Both involve hindering someone.

Gêner is to bother or slow down. Empêcher is to completely stop the action.

Le bruit me gêne, mais il ne m'empêche pas de travailler.

empêcher vs bloquer

Both mean to stop movement.

Bloquer is usually physical or technical. Empêcher is more general and abstract.

La neige bloque la porte et m'empêche de sortir.

empêcher vs obstruer

Both mean to block.

Obstruer is specific to passages/pipes. Empêcher is for actions/events.

Un bouchon obstrue le tuyau et empêche l'eau de couler.

句型

S + empêcher + de + infinitive

La pluie empêche de sortir.

S + pronoun + empêcher + de + infinitive

Il m'empêche de dormir.

S + ne + pas + pouvoir + s'empêcher + de + infinitive

Je ne peux pas m'empêcher de rire.

S + avoir + un empêchement

J'ai un empêchement ce soir.

S + empêcher + que + S + ne + subjunctive

Elle empêche que nous ne partions.

N'empêche que + sentence

N'empêche que c'est vrai.

Passive: être empêché de

Il est empêché de voter.

Nul ne + empêcher + object + de + infinitive

Nul ne peut empêcher le temps de passer.

词族

名词

empêchement An obstacle, hindrance, or a conflict in schedule.

动词

s'empêcher To refrain from, to help oneself from doing something.

形容词

empêché Prevented, hindered, or busy (in formal contexts).

如何使用

frequency

Very high in both spoken and written French.

常见错误

Using 'empêcher à' → empêcher de
Learners often confuse prepositions. Empêcher always takes 'de'.
Using 'prévenir' for 'prevent' → empêcher
Prévenir means to warn. This is a classic false friend for English speakers.
Forgetting the 'ne' in 'ne pas s'empêcher de' → Je ne peux pas m'empêcher de...
The negation is necessary to mean 'I can't help but...'.
Misplacing the object pronoun → Il m'empêche de...
The pronoun 'me' must come before the verb 'empêcher'.
Using the indicative after 'empêcher que' → empêcher que + subjunctive
The 'que' clause after empêcher must use the subjunctive mood.

小贴士

The 'De' Rule

Always follow 'empêcher' with 'de' before an infinitive. It's the most important rule for this verb.

False Friend Alert

Don't use 'prévenir' when you mean 'prevent'. Use 'empêcher' instead.

Polite Excuses

Use 'J'ai un empêchement' to cancel a meeting politely without giving too many details.

Native Flair

Drop 'n'empêche' into your conversations to sound more like a local when making a counter-point.

Nasal Focus

The first syllable 'em' is nasal. Practice it to understand natives better.

Subjunctive Skill

Use 'empêcher que' in your writing to show you master the subjunctive mood.

Cause and Effect

Think of 'empêcher' as the verb that links a cause to a blocked effect.

Silent R

The 'r' at the end of 'empêcher' is always silent. It sounds like 'ay'.

Can't Help It

Memorize 'Je ne peux pas m'en empêcher' as a fixed phrase for daily use.

Formal Use

In formal contexts, 'être empêché' means being unable to attend due to duty.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of an 'IMP' (a small creature) sitting on your 'CHAIR' (empêcher) to stop you from sitting down. The IMP is PREVENTING you from using the CHAIR.

视觉联想

Imagine a large red 'X' or a 'No Entry' sign blocking a path. This visual represents the 'empêchement' or the act of 'empêcher' someone from passing.

Word Web

empêcher de dormir travailler passer rire sortir réussir

挑战

Try to use 'empêcher' three times today: once for a physical object, once for a feeling (reflexive), and once to explain why you can't do something.

词源

From the Vulgar Latin 'impeticare', which means 'to entangle' or 'to fetter'. This comes from the Latin 'pedica', meaning 'a shackle' or 'a fetter for the feet' (from 'pes', foot).

原始含义： To put shackles on the feet to prevent movement.

Romance (Latin root).

文化背景

There are no major sensitivities, but be aware that 'empêcher' can sound quite definitive. Using 'gêner' (to bother/hinder) is softer if you just want to say someone is in your way.

English speakers often use 'stop' or 'keep from'. French 'empêcher' is more formal than 'stop' but less formal than 'prohibit'.

In Molière's plays, characters are often 'empêchés' by their parents from marrying their true loves. The legal term 'empêchement' appears in the French Civil Code regarding marriage. The phrase 'N'empêche' is a classic marker of 'parler parisien' (Parisian slang/daily speech).

在生活中练习

真实语境

Weather Problems

La pluie empêche la sortie.
Le vent empêche de dormir.
La neige empêche de rouler.
Le brouillard empêche de voir.

Work and Productivity

Le bruit m'empêche de travailler.
Les réunions m'empêchent d'avancer.
Un problème technique empêche l'accès.
Rien ne nous empêche de réussir.

Social Excuses

J'ai un empêchement.
Désolé de vous avoir empêché.
Un imprévu m'empêche de venir.
Ne me laisse pas t'empêcher.

Health and Medicine

Ce sirop empêche de tousser.
Le vaccin empêche la maladie.
L'allergie m'empêche de manger ça.
Le plâtre empêche de bouger le bras.

Rules and Law

La loi empêche la vente.
Le règlement empêche d'entrer.
Cette clause empêche le changement.
La barrière empêche le passage.

对话开场白

"Qu'est-ce qui t'empêche de réaliser tes rêves en ce moment ?"

"Est-ce que le bruit t'empêche souvent de dormir la nuit ?"

"Y a-t-il une règle au travail qui t'empêche d'être productif ?"

"Peux-tu t'empêcher de regarder ton téléphone pendant un repas ?"

"Quelles mesures peut-on prendre pour empêcher le réchauffement climatique ?"

日记主题

Écris sur une fois où la météo a empêché tes plans de se réaliser.

Qu'est-ce qui t'empêche d'apprendre le français plus rapidement selon toi ?

Décris une situation où tu n'as pas pu t'empêcher de rire au mauvais moment.

Quelles sont les barrières mentales qui nous empêchent d'être heureux ?

Imagine un monde où rien n'empêche personne de faire ce qu'il veut.

常见问题

10 个问题

It is always followed by 'de' when used with an infinitive. For example: 'empêcher de partir'.

Yes, you can say 'La pluie empêche de sortir', which is an impersonal use.

It is a short way of saying 'even so' or 'nevertheless'. It's very common in casual French.

It takes a direct object. You say 'Je l'empêche' (I prevent him/it), not 'Je lui empêche'.

In formal French, after 'empêcher que', we add a 'ne' before the verb that has no negative meaning. Example: 'J'empêche qu'il ne tombe'.

Empêcher is 'to stop something from happening'. Prévenir is 'to warn someone' or 'to inform in advance'.

You say 'Je ne peux pas m'en empêcher'.

Yes, 'empêcher que' always requires the subjunctive mood in the following clause.

Yes, you can prevent a person (empêcher Jean) or a thing (empêcher l'accident).

It is a noun meaning a conflict or obstacle, often used when you have to cancel plans.

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