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B1 verb 中性 3分钟阅读

転ぶ

korobu /ko̞ɾobɯ̟ᵝ/
开始练习

Overview

The Japanese verb '転ぶ' (ころぶ - korobu) is a versatile and common verb that primarily means 'to fall over' or 'to tumble.' It's often used to describe an unintentional loss of balance, resulting in contact with the ground or another surface. Understanding its nuances and common usages can significantly enhance one's comprehension of everyday Japanese.

Core Meaning and Usage:

The most fundamental meaning of '転ぶ' is literally to lose one's footing and fall. This can apply to people, animals, or even inanimate objects that topple over. For instance:

  • 子供が公園で転んだ。(Kodomo ga kōen de koronda.) - The child fell over in the park.
  • 自転車が風で転んだ。(Jitensha ga kaze de koronda.) - The bicycle fell over in the wind.

Figurative Meanings and Extensions:

Beyond its literal sense, '転ぶ' also carries figurative meanings that extend to situations of misfortune, failure, or a change in circumstances. These uses are particularly interesting:

  1. 1To Fail or Suffer a Setback: In a more metaphorical sense, '転ぶ' can describe experiencing a failure or a setback in one's life, work, or plans. It implies an unexpected and often negative turn of events.
  • 事業に転ぶ。(Jigyō ni korobu.) - To fail in business.
  • 試験に転んでしまった。(Shiken ni koronde shimatta.) - I failed the exam.
  1. 1To Change One's Stance or Allegiance: This usage implies a shift in opinion, loyalty, or political alignment. It often suggests a pragmatic or opportunistic change, sometimes with a negative connotation.
  • 彼はすぐに意見を転ぶ。(Kare wa sugu ni iken o korobu.) - He quickly changes his opinion.
  • 敵側に転ぶ。(Teki-gawa ni korobu.) - To switch to the enemy's side.
  1. 1To Take an Unexpected Turn (of events): When discussing situations or events, '転ぶ' can indicate that things have gone in an unforeseen or undesirable direction.
  • 話が思わぬ方向に転んだ。(Hanashi ga omowanu hōkō ni koronda.) - The conversation took an unexpected turn.

Grammatical Considerations:

  • '転ぶ' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object. The person or thing that falls is the subject of the sentence.
  • It conjugates like a regular godan verb (五段活用動詞 - godan katsuyō dōshi).
  • Past tense: 転んだ (koronda)
  • Te-form: 転んで (koronde)
  • Negative: 転ばない (korobanai)

Related Expressions and Nuances:

  • 転びそうになる (korobi sō ni naru): To be about to fall, to almost fall.
  • 危うく転びそうになった。(Ayauku korobi sō ni natta.) - I almost fell.
  • 転ばぬ先の杖 (korobanu saki no tsue): Literally 'a cane before falling,' this is a proverb meaning 'prevention is better than cure' or 'look before you leap.'
  • つまずく (tsumazuku): To stumble or trip. While similar, 'つまずく' often implies hitting one's foot on something but not necessarily falling completely, whereas '転ぶ' indicates a full fall.

In summary, '転ぶ' is a fundamental Japanese verb with both literal and rich metaphorical applications. Its ability to describe physical falls, personal setbacks, and shifts in allegiance makes it a powerful and expressive word in the Japanese language.

例句

1

道で転んで膝を擦りむいた。

Everyday situation, describing an accident

I fell on the road and scraped my knee.

2

彼は酔っ払って何度も転んだ。

Describing someone repeatedly losing balance due to intoxication

He got drunk and fell over many times.

3

人生には転ぶことも必要だ。

Metaphorical usage, referring to making mistakes or facing setbacks

It's also necessary to stumble in life.

4

子供が自転車から転んで泣いていた。

Describing a child's accident

The child fell off the bicycle and was crying.

5

経済が転ぶ

Figurative usage, describing a negative economic trend

The economy collapses/falls into decline.

常见搭配

道で転ぶ (michi de korobu - fall on the road)
階段で転ぶ (kaidan de korobu - fall on the stairs)
雪で転ぶ (yuki de korobu - fall in the snow)
尻もちをつく (shirimochi o tsuku - fall on one's bottom)

容易混淆的词

転ぶ 对比 倒れる
倒れる (taoreru) implies a more general falling or collapsing, often due to external forces or loss of balance. 転ぶ (korobu) specifically refers to tripping or stumbling and falling down.
転ぶ 对比 落ちる
落ちる (ochiru) means to fall from a higher place, like an object falling off a table. 転ぶ (korobu) is about a person or animal falling over on the ground.
転ぶ 对比 すっころぶ
すっころぶ (sukkorobu) is a more emphatic or informal version of 転ぶ, often suggesting a more sudden or dramatic fall.
転ぶ 对比 ひっくり返る
ひっくり返る (hikkurikaeru) means to capsize or overturn, like a boat or a chair. While it involves falling, it's about something turning over rather than a person tripping.

语法模式

〜て転ぶ 〜そうになって転ぶ 〜に転ぶ

如何使用

使用说明

'転ぶ' (korobu) is a common intransitive verb used to describe the action of falling over or tumbling. It can be applied to people, animals, or even inanimate objects that lose their balance and fall. For example, '彼は道で転んだ' (Kare wa michi de koronda) means 'He fell down on the street.' It's often used in everyday conversation and can cover a range of fall severities, from a slight stumble to a complete knockdown. While '倒れる' (taoreru) also means to fall, '転ぶ' specifically implies a loss of balance leading to a fall, often with a sense of rolling or tumbling. '倒れる' can also be used for something collapsing or falling due to weakness or external force without necessarily implying a stumble. When talking about someone intentionally falling, such as in sports, other verbs like 'ダイブする' (daibu suru - to dive) might be used instead. The past tense '転んだ' is very frequently encountered.

常见错误

A common mistake is confusing '転ぶ' (korobu) with '倒れる' (taoreru). While both mean 'to fall,' '転ぶ' specifically implies falling over due to losing one's balance, often in a somewhat clumsy or accidental manner. '倒れる' is a broader term that can mean to fall down due to various reasons, including collapsing (e.g., a building falling, a person fainting).

小贴士

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Meaning and Usage

The verb '転ぶ' (korobu) means 'to fall over,' 'to tumble,' or 'to trip.' It is commonly used to describe an accidental loss of balance resulting in hitting the ground. It can be used for people, animals, or even inanimate objects that fall down.
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Common Mistakes and Nuances

While '転ぶ' generally refers to an accidental fall, it can sometimes imply a more gentle or less serious fall compared to '倒れる' (taoreru), which often suggests a more definitive collapse or a fall that causes damage. '転ぶ' emphasizes the act of losing one's footing.
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Example Sentences

1. 彼は道で転んで膝を擦りむいた。 (Kare wa michi de koronde hiza o surimuita.) - He fell on the road and scraped his knee. 2. 子供が公園で転んで泣いた。 (Kodomo ga kōen de koronde naita.) - The child fell in the park and cried. 3. 風が強くて自転車が転んだ。 (Kaze ga tsuyokute jitensha ga koronda.) - The wind was strong, and the bicycle fell over.

词源

The word '転ぶ' (korobu) has a long history in the Japanese language, with its roots tracing back over a thousand years. It is believed to be derived from the Old Japanese verb 'koro' (転), which itself meant 'to roll' or 'to turn over.' The suffix '-bu' is a common verbal suffix in Japanese that indicates an action or state. Over time, 'koro' evolved into 'korobu' to specifically describe the act of losing one's balance and falling. This evolution is seen in various ancient texts and dictionaries, where the nuance of 'falling' became distinct from merely 'rolling.' There are also theories suggesting a connection to Proto-Ryukyuan languages, indicating a shared linguistic heritage in the region. The concept of falling is universal, and many languages have developed distinct terms for it. In Japanese, 'korobu' emphasizes an unintended and often sudden loss of upright posture. Furthermore, the word has been used metaphorically in literature and everyday expressions to describe failure, setbacks, or experiencing a downturn in circumstances. For example, '転んでもただでは起きない' (koronde mo tada de wa okinai) means 'even if you fall, you don't get up empty-handed,' implying resilience and learning from mistakes. In modern Japanese, 'korobu' remains a fundamental verb, used in various contexts from literal physical falls to more figurative interpretations of stumbling or encountering difficulties. Its enduring presence and rich etymological background highlight its significance in the Japanese lexicon.

文化背景

In Japan, the act of '転ぶ' (korobu) or falling over often carries a degree of humor or lightheartedness, especially when it's not a serious injury. You might hear someone exclaim 'あちゃー!' (achaa!) or 'あらら！' (arara!) if they or someone else takes a tumble, which are mild expressions of surprise or concern, often with a hint of amusement. Children falling is a common sight and is usually met with comforting words and help to get back up. However, in more formal or public settings, falling can be a source of embarrassment, leading to quick apologies even if no one was inconvenienced. There's also a cultural tendency to be mindful of one's surroundings to avoid such incidents, reflecting a general emphasis on grace and carefulness in public demeanor. When someone falls due to external factors like uneven ground, it can sometimes spark a discussion about responsibility for public safety.

记忆技巧

The character '転' (ten) means 'revolve, turn, change,' and 'ぶ' (bu) comes from 'ぶらぶら' (burabura), meaning 'dangling' or 'loitering.' So, imagine yourself revolving and then dangling, causing you to fall over.

常见问题

4 个问题
The Japanese word for 'to fall over' or 'to tumble' is 転ぶ (korobu).
転ぶ (korobu) is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object. It is often used to describe someone or something losing their balance and falling. For example, '彼は道で転んだ' (Kare wa michi de koronda) means 'He fell down on the road.' Or '子供が公園で転んだ' (Kodomo ga kōen de koronda) means 'The child fell over in the park.' It can also be used metaphorically, such as in '計画が転ぶ' (keikaku ga korobu) meaning 'the plan fell through' or 'failed'.
Yes, there are a few. '七転び八起き' (nana korobi ya oki) is a well-known proverb that literally means 'seven falls, eight rises.' It conveys the idea of persistence and resilience, encouraging one to never give up despite setbacks. Another phrase is '転ばぬ先の杖' (korobanu saki no tsue), which means 'a staff before falling' or 'better safe than sorry,' emphasizing preparation and caution to avoid trouble.
The conjugations of 転ぶ (korobu) are as follows: - **Dictionary form:** 転ぶ (korobu) - **Masu form:** 転びます (korobimasu) - **Te form:** 転んで (koronde) - **Past tense:** 転んだ (koronda) - **Negative form:** 転ばない (korobanai) - **Potential form:** 転べる (koroberu) - **Imperative form:** 転べ (korobe)

自我测试

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彼女は道で＿＿＿しまった。

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
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子供が公園で＿＿＿、膝を擦りむいた。

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
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彼はスキー中に何度も＿＿＿。

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：

得分： /3

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