A2 · 初级 章节 6

Conditions and Step-by-Step Actions

4 总规则
45 例句
6 分钟
本章规则 快速练习

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of sequencing your day and setting conditions for your future plans.

  • Sequence events precisely using -고 나서 (after doing).
  • Express conditions and hypotheses with -(으)면 (if/when).
  • Connect daily tasks and future intentions effortlessly.
Connect your actions and master your conditions!

你将学到什么

Hey there, language explorer! You've done an amazing job with Korean so far, and I'm really proud of your progress! Now it's time to supercharge your conversations, letting you speak with more precision and detail, just like a native. In this exciting chapter, we're giving you two incredibly powerful tools to help you plan, give instructions, and talk about events that are linked together. First up, you'll master '-고 나서'. This structure is your secret weapon for emphasizing that one action must be completely finished before the next one can even begin. Imagine telling a friend, 'After I finish my homework, I'll call you,' or 'After I cook dinner, we'll eat together.' With this, you'll never skip a beat and can describe sequential tasks with perfect clarity. Next, we dive into '면/으면', your go-to for expressing conditions. This means you'll be able to say things like, 'If X happens, then Y will follow,' or 'When this event occurs, it will have this result.' For instance, you can confidently state, 'If it rains, we'll stay home,' or 'When I get hungry, I'll make food.' Pretty useful, right? By the end of this chapter, planning and giving instructions will feel effortless. You'll be able to confidently sequence events, set conditions, and describe interconnected situations. Ready to transform your Korean conversations? Let's go!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Describe a clear sequence of events for your daily routine.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: State conditional plans, such as 'If it rains, I will study'.

章节指南

Overview

Hey there, language explorer! You've done an amazing job with Korean so far, and I'm really proud of your progress! Now it's time to supercharge your conversations, letting you speak with more precision and detail, just like a native.
This chapter is a game-changer for your Korean grammar A2 journey, unlocking the ability to express complex ideas and link events logically. Mastering these structures is crucial for moving beyond basic sentences and truly engaging in dynamic conversations. We're giving you two incredibly powerful tools to help you plan, give instructions, and talk about events that are linked together, greatly enhancing your CEFR A2 Korean communication skills.
First up, you'll master -고 나서. This structure is your secret weapon for emphasizing that one action must be completely finished before the next one can even begin. Imagine telling a friend, "After I finish my homework, I'll call you, or After I cook dinner, we'll eat together." With this, you'll never skip a beat and can describe sequential tasks with perfect clarity, making your descriptions of sequencing actions in Korean much more accurate.
Next, we dive into (으)면, your go-to for expressing conditions. This means you'll be able to say things like,
If X happens, then Y will follow,
or
When this event occurs, it will have this result.
For instance, you can confidently state, "If it rains, we'll stay home, or When I get hungry, I'll make food." This is essential for understanding and using Korean conditionals effectively. By the end of this chapter, planning and giving instructions will feel effortless.
You'll be able to confidently sequence events, set conditions, and describe interconnected situations. Ready to transform your Korean conversations? Let's go!

How This Grammar Works

This chapter introduces two fundamental Korean grammar patterns that add depth and clarity to your sentences: -고 나서 for sequential actions and (으)면 for conditions.
First, let's explore -고 나서, which translates to after doing... or having done.... This structure is used to indicate that the first action is fully completed before the second action begins. It emphasizes the sequential nature and completion of the first task.
To use it, simply attach -고 나서 directly to the stem of a verb. There are no special batchim (final consonant) rules to worry about, making it quite straightforward.
* Verb stem + -고 나서
* 밥을 먹고 나서 이를 닦았어요. (After eating a meal, I brushed my teeth.)
* 숙제를 하고 나서 친구를 만날 거예요. (After finishing homework, I will meet a friend.)
* 텔레비전을 보고 나서 잠이 들었어요. (After watching TV, I fell asleep.)
This pattern clearly signifies a completed action followed by another, making it perfect for describing step-by-step processes or plans.
Next, we have (으)면, your essential tool for expressing Korean conditionals, meaning if or when. This versatile ending connects a conditional clause to a result clause. The form you use depends on whether the verb or adjective stem ends in a vowel or a consonant.
* If the verb/adjective stem ends in a vowel or ㄹ (the 'l' sound), you use -면.
* 가다 (to go) → 가면 (If/When you go)
* 보다 (to see) → 보면 (If/When you see)
* 만들다 (to make) → 만들면 (If/When you make)
* If the verb/adjective stem ends in a consonant (except ㄹ), you use -으면.
* 먹다 (to eat) → 먹으면 (If/When you eat)
* 읽다 (to read) → 읽으면 (If/When you read)
* 없다 (to not exist/have) → 없으면 (If/When there isn't/you don't have)
Examples:
* 비가 오면 집에 있을 거예요. (If it rains, I will stay home.)
* 배가 고프면 빵을 먹으세요. (If you are hungry, please eat bread.)
* 열심히 공부하면 좋은 성적을 받을 수 있어요. (If you study hard, you can get good grades.)
This (으)면 ending is fundamental for describing hypothetical situations, general truths, or conditions that lead to certain outcomes, greatly expanding your A2 Korean communicative range.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 숙제를 하고 게임을 했어요. (I did homework and played games.)
✓ Correct: 숙제를 하고 나서 게임을 했어요. (After doing homework, I played games.)
*Explanation:* While -고 can simply list actions, -고 나서 specifically emphasizes that the first action was *completed* before the second one began. Using -고 나서 makes the sequence clearer and implies a stronger completion requirement for the first action.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 책을 읽으면 재미있다. (If/When you read books, it is interesting.)
✓ Correct: 책을 읽으면 재미있어요. (If/When you read books, it is interesting.)
*Explanation:* When using (으)면 to express a condition, the main clause (the result) still needs a proper sentence ending, such as a politeness level like -어요/-아요, -습니다/-ㅂ니다, or other appropriate endings. Omitting it makes the sentence sound incomplete or overly blunt in most conversational contexts.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 돈이 없으면, 나에게 말해. (If you don't have money, tell me.)
✓ Correct: 돈이 없으면, 저에게 말해주세요. (If you don't have money, please tell me.)
*Explanation:* While the conditional clause with (으)면 is grammatically correct, the imperative (command) or suggestion in the main clause often requires a more polite or complete ending, especially when speaking to someone you're not extremely close to. Using -아/어 주세요 (please do X) or -세요 (please do X) is much more natural and polite.

Real Conversations

A

A

오늘 저녁에 뭐 할 거예요? (What are you going to do tonight?)
B

B

음... 먼저 밥을 먹고 나서 영화를 볼 거예요. (Hmm... First, after eating dinner, I'm going to watch a movie.)
A

A

주말에 비가 오면 어떡하죠? (What should we do if it rains this weekend?)
B

B

비가 오면 집에서 책을 읽거나 게임을 해요. (If it rains, let's read books or play games at home.)
A

A

이 케이크를 만들려면 어떻게 해야 해요? (How do I make this cake?)
B

B

먼저 밀가루를 섞고 나서 우유를 넣으세요. (First, mix the flour, and then add the milk.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the main difference between -고 and -고 나서 when talking about sequential actions?

-고 simply lists actions in order (e.g.,

I ate and then went
). -고 나서 emphasizes that the first action was *fully completed* before the second one began, often implying a stronger cause-and-effect or necessary completion.

Q

Can I use (으)면 with adjectives to express conditions?

Yes, absolutely! You can use (으)면 with adjectives just like with verbs. For example, 바쁘면 (if you're busy), 예쁘면 (if it's pretty), or 좋으면 (if it's good).

Q

Are there other ways to say if in Korean besides (으)면?

Yes, there are, but (으)면 is the most common and versatile for A2 learners. Other forms like -다면 (if [hypothetical/reported]) or -아/어야 (only if/must) exist, but (으)면 covers most general conditional situations.

Q

How do I form a negative conditional using (으)면?

To make a negative conditional, you simply make the verb or adjective negative *before* attaching (으)면. For example, 안 오면 (if it doesn't come), 먹지 않으면 (if you don't eat), or 없으면 (if there isn't/you don't have).

Cultural Context

These two patterns, -고 나서 and (으)면, are deeply embedded in daily Korean communication. You'll hear -고 나서 frequently in instructions, recipes, and when people describe their plans, emphasizing the step-by-step nature of tasks. Its use reflects a culture that often values clear sequence and thoroughness.
Similarly, (으)면 is ubiquitous in everyday conversations, from making polite suggestions (
피곤하면 쉬세요
- "If you're tired, please rest") to discussing plans or predicting outcomes. It's a cornerstone of logical thought expression in Korean, essential for navigating social interactions and understanding cause-and-effect relationships. Mastering them helps you sound more natural and precise.

关键例句 (4)

1

숙제를 다 하고 나서 게임을 했어요.

做完所有作业后，我玩了游戏。

做完……之后 (고 나서)
2

우버를 부르고 나서 밖으로 나갔어요.

叫了 Uber 之后，我才出门。

做完……之后 (고 나서)
3

돈이 `있으면` 이 가방을 사고 싶어요.

如果有钱的话，我想买这个包。

如果与当……时：(으)면 结尾
4

유튜브를 `보면` 시간이 정말 빨리 가요.

看 YouTube 的时候，时间过得真快。

如果与当……时：(으)면 结尾

技巧与窍门 (4)

💡

想象一个“完成”的√

在第一个动词后面打个勾 ✅，表示这个动作完成了。比如：숙제하고 (✅) 놀아요。如果感觉可以打勾，就用 -고 나서！
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 用 -고 나서 完成动作（做...之后）
🎯

“完成”感加倍

在前面加上 «다» (全部) 或 «끝나다» (结束)，听起来会更地道、更有条理：«일을 다 하고 나서 쉴 거예요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 做完……之后 (고 나서)
💡

是“如果”还是“当”？

韩语里这两个意思不分家，全看语境。如果是必然发生的事，比如太阳升起，它就是“当”：«해가 뜨면 아침이에요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 如果与当：韩语条件句 (면/으면)
🎯

“如果”还是“当...时”？

如果这件事百分之百会发生（比如太阳升起），它就是“当...时”；如果是个概率事件（比如赢了比赛），它就是“如果”。韩语里用 «(으)면» 就能搞定这两者！
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 如果与当……时：(으)면 结尾

核心词汇 (6)

숙제(sukje) homework 끝나다(kkeutnada) to finish 비가 오다(biga oda) to rain 만나다(mannada) to meet 시간이 있다(sigani itda) to have time 요리하다(yorihada) to cook

Real-World Preview

calendar

Weekend Planning

Review Summary

  • Verb + -고 나서
  • Verb/Adj + -(으)면

常见错误

You used a sequence connector instead of a conditional. Use (으)면 for 'if'.

Wrong: 비가 오고 나서 집에 갈 거예요. (If it rains, I will go home.)
正确: 비가 오면 집에 갈 거예요. (If it rains, I will go home.)

Don't forget the object marker '를' for natural flow.

Wrong: 숙제하고 나서 먹어요. (I eat after doing homework.)
正确: 숙제를 하고 나서 먹어요. (I eat after doing homework.)

The grammar is -고 나서, not the other way around.

Wrong: 먹으면 나서 갈 거예요.
正确: 먹고 나서 갈 거예요.

Next Steps

You've successfully mastered the logic of Korean sentences! Keep practicing these structures in your daily life, and you'll be speaking fluently in no time.

Write a 5-sentence plan for tomorrow using -고 나서 and (으)면.

Continue to: Wants, Abilities, and Goals

快速练习 (10)

找出并修正 '만들다' (制作) 的变形错误。

Find and fix the mistake:

케이크를 만들으면 친구를 줄 거예요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 케이크를 만들면
以 'ㄹ' 结尾的词干不需要 '으'，直接加 '면' 即可。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 如果与当：韩语条件句 (면/으면)

请用 '자다' (睡觉) 的正确形式填空。

피곤하____ 일찍 자세요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 면
'피곤하다' 以元音结尾，所以直接加 '면'。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 如果与当：韩语条件句 (면/으면)

哪一个是 '먹다' (吃) 的正确变形？

选择正确的“如果”句子：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 밥을 먹으면 배가 불러요.
'먹다' 有收音 (ㄱ)，所以需要 '으면' 作为缓冲。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 如果与当：韩语条件句 (면/으면)

在空格处填入 '가다' (去) 的正确形式。

학교에 ____ 친구를 만나요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 가면
因为 '가다' 以元音结尾，直接在词干后加 '면' 即可。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 如果与当……时：(으)면 结尾

哪一个句子在语法上是正确的？

选择正确的条件句：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 책을 읽으면 재미있어요.
'읽다' 以辅音结尾（且不是 ㄹ），所以必须使用 '으면'。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 如果与当……时：(으)면 结尾

找出并修正动词活用的错误。

Find and fix the mistake:

한국에 살으면 한국말을 잘 해요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 한국에 살면 한국말을 잘 해요.
以 'ㄹ' 结尾的动词如 '살다' 不需要加 '으'，直接加 '면'。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 如果与当……时：(으)면 结尾

找出句子中的错误。

영화를 봤고 나서 커피를 마셨어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 봤고 → 보고
在 -고 나서 前面不应使用过去时标记 (았/었)。应该只用动词词干：영화를 보고 나서。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 用 -고 나서 完成动作（做...之后）

补全句子，使其意为“洗完手后我吃饭。”

손을 ___ 밥을 먹어요. (씻다 - 洗)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 씻고 나서
我们需要“洗完之后”的顺序。씻다 的词干是 씻，加上 고 나서 就是 씻고 나서。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 用 -고 나서 完成动作（做...之后）

哪句话最自然地表达了动作的先后顺序？

选择最自然的句子：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 밥을 먹고 나서 양치를 해요.
'고 나서' 明确强调了先吃完饭，再刷牙的完整过程。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 做完……之后 (고 나서)

找出并修正句子中的错误。

숙제를 했고 나서 티비를 봤어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 숙제를 하고 나서 티비를 봤어요.
不能在 '고 나서' 前使用过去式 (했)，必须使用原形词干 (하)。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 做完……之后 (고 나서)

Score: /10

常见问题 (6)

它们非常相似！ -(으)ㄴ 후에 稍微正式一点，更偏书面语，字面意思是“在X之后”。-고 나서 更侧重于完成这个“动作”。口语中，用哪个更顺口就用哪个，但 -고 나서 听起来更生动一些。
一般不行。你不能“完成漂亮”然后做别的事。对于状态，用 -(으)ㄴ 후에 (例如：부자가 된 후에 - 成为富翁之后)。
它的意思是“做完某事后”。它特别强调第一个动作已经完全结束，然后才开始第二个。例如：«밥을 먹고 나서...»
通常不行。它几乎只和动词连用。形容词建议用 «-아/어서»。例如：«바빠서 못 가요.»
면 是通用的“如果”。而 거든 通常只用于口语，且后面常跟着命令或计划。你不会在说科学常识时用 거든，比如 «如果冰受热...» 就只能用 «면»。
不可以哦。过去的事要用 ~었을 때。면 只负责未来的可能性或规律性的动作。
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