A2 · 初中級 チャプター 6

Conditions and Step-by-Step Actions

4 トータルルール
45 例文
6 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of sequencing your day and setting conditions for your future plans.

  • Sequence events precisely using -고 나서 (after doing).
  • Express conditions and hypotheses with -(으)면 (if/when).
  • Connect daily tasks and future intentions effortlessly.
Connect your actions and master your conditions!

学べること

Hey there, language explorer! You've done an amazing job with Korean so far, and I'm really proud of your progress! Now it's time to supercharge your conversations, letting you speak with more precision and detail, just like a native. In this exciting chapter, we're giving you two incredibly powerful tools to help you plan, give instructions, and talk about events that are linked together. First up, you'll master '-고 나서'. This structure is your secret weapon for emphasizing that one action must be completely finished before the next one can even begin. Imagine telling a friend, 'After I finish my homework, I'll call you,' or 'After I cook dinner, we'll eat together.' With this, you'll never skip a beat and can describe sequential tasks with perfect clarity. Next, we dive into '면/으면', your go-to for expressing conditions. This means you'll be able to say things like, 'If X happens, then Y will follow,' or 'When this event occurs, it will have this result.' For instance, you can confidently state, 'If it rains, we'll stay home,' or 'When I get hungry, I'll make food.' Pretty useful, right? By the end of this chapter, planning and giving instructions will feel effortless. You'll be able to confidently sequence events, set conditions, and describe interconnected situations. Ready to transform your Korean conversations? Let's go!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Describe a clear sequence of events for your daily routine.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: State conditional plans, such as 'If it rains, I will study'.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Hey there, language explorer! You've done an amazing job with Korean so far, and I'm really proud of your progress! Now it's time to supercharge your conversations, letting you speak with more precision and detail, just like a native.
This chapter is a game-changer for your Korean grammar A2 journey, unlocking the ability to express complex ideas and link events logically. Mastering these structures is crucial for moving beyond basic sentences and truly engaging in dynamic conversations. We're giving you two incredibly powerful tools to help you plan, give instructions, and talk about events that are linked together, greatly enhancing your CEFR A2 Korean communication skills.
First up, you'll master -고 나서. This structure is your secret weapon for emphasizing that one action must be completely finished before the next one can even begin. Imagine telling a friend, "After I finish my homework, I'll call you, or After I cook dinner, we'll eat together." With this, you'll never skip a beat and can describe sequential tasks with perfect clarity, making your descriptions of sequencing actions in Korean much more accurate.
Next, we dive into (으)면, your go-to for expressing conditions. This means you'll be able to say things like,
If X happens, then Y will follow,
or
When this event occurs, it will have this result.
For instance, you can confidently state, "If it rains, we'll stay home, or When I get hungry, I'll make food." This is essential for understanding and using Korean conditionals effectively. By the end of this chapter, planning and giving instructions will feel effortless.
You'll be able to confidently sequence events, set conditions, and describe interconnected situations. Ready to transform your Korean conversations? Let's go!

How This Grammar Works

This chapter introduces two fundamental Korean grammar patterns that add depth and clarity to your sentences: -고 나서 for sequential actions and (으)면 for conditions.
First, let's explore -고 나서, which translates to after doing... or having done.... This structure is used to indicate that the first action is fully completed before the second action begins. It emphasizes the sequential nature and completion of the first task.
To use it, simply attach -고 나서 directly to the stem of a verb. There are no special batchim (final consonant) rules to worry about, making it quite straightforward.
* Verb stem + -고 나서
* 밥을 먹고 나서 이를 닦았어요. (After eating a meal, I brushed my teeth.)
* 숙제를 하고 나서 친구를 만날 거예요. (After finishing homework, I will meet a friend.)
* 텔레비전을 보고 나서 잠이 들었어요. (After watching TV, I fell asleep.)
This pattern clearly signifies a completed action followed by another, making it perfect for describing step-by-step processes or plans.
Next, we have (으)면, your essential tool for expressing Korean conditionals, meaning if or when. This versatile ending connects a conditional clause to a result clause. The form you use depends on whether the verb or adjective stem ends in a vowel or a consonant.
* If the verb/adjective stem ends in a vowel or ㄹ (the 'l' sound), you use -면.
* 가다 (to go) → 가면 (If/When you go)
* 보다 (to see) → 보면 (If/When you see)
* 만들다 (to make) → 만들면 (If/When you make)
* If the verb/adjective stem ends in a consonant (except ㄹ), you use -으면.
* 먹다 (to eat) → 먹으면 (If/When you eat)
* 읽다 (to read) → 읽으면 (If/When you read)
* 없다 (to not exist/have) → 없으면 (If/When there isn't/you don't have)
Examples:
* 비가 오면 집에 있을 거예요. (If it rains, I will stay home.)
* 배가 고프면 빵을 먹으세요. (If you are hungry, please eat bread.)
* 열심히 공부하면 좋은 성적을 받을 수 있어요. (If you study hard, you can get good grades.)
This (으)면 ending is fundamental for describing hypothetical situations, general truths, or conditions that lead to certain outcomes, greatly expanding your A2 Korean communicative range.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 숙제를 하고 게임을 했어요. (I did homework and played games.)
✓ Correct: 숙제를 하고 나서 게임을 했어요. (After doing homework, I played games.)
*Explanation:* While -고 can simply list actions, -고 나서 specifically emphasizes that the first action was *completed* before the second one began. Using -고 나서 makes the sequence clearer and implies a stronger completion requirement for the first action.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 책을 읽으면 재미있다. (If/When you read books, it is interesting.)
✓ Correct: 책을 읽으면 재미있어요. (If/When you read books, it is interesting.)
*Explanation:* When using (으)면 to express a condition, the main clause (the result) still needs a proper sentence ending, such as a politeness level like -어요/-아요, -습니다/-ㅂ니다, or other appropriate endings. Omitting it makes the sentence sound incomplete or overly blunt in most conversational contexts.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 돈이 없으면, 나에게 말해. (If you don't have money, tell me.)
✓ Correct: 돈이 없으면, 저에게 말해주세요. (If you don't have money, please tell me.)
*Explanation:* While the conditional clause with (으)면 is grammatically correct, the imperative (command) or suggestion in the main clause often requires a more polite or complete ending, especially when speaking to someone you're not extremely close to. Using -아/어 주세요 (please do X) or -세요 (please do X) is much more natural and polite.

Real Conversations

A

A

오늘 저녁에 뭐 할 거예요? (What are you going to do tonight?)
B

B

음... 먼저 밥을 먹고 나서 영화를 볼 거예요. (Hmm... First, after eating dinner, I'm going to watch a movie.)
A

A

주말에 비가 오면 어떡하죠? (What should we do if it rains this weekend?)
B

B

비가 오면 집에서 책을 읽거나 게임을 해요. (If it rains, let's read books or play games at home.)
A

A

이 케이크를 만들려면 어떻게 해야 해요? (How do I make this cake?)
B

B

먼저 밀가루를 섞고 나서 우유를 넣으세요. (First, mix the flour, and then add the milk.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the main difference between -고 and -고 나서 when talking about sequential actions?

-고 simply lists actions in order (e.g.,

I ate and then went
). -고 나서 emphasizes that the first action was *fully completed* before the second one began, often implying a stronger cause-and-effect or necessary completion.

Q

Can I use (으)면 with adjectives to express conditions?

Yes, absolutely! You can use (으)면 with adjectives just like with verbs. For example, 바쁘면 (if you're busy), 예쁘면 (if it's pretty), or 좋으면 (if it's good).

Q

Are there other ways to say if in Korean besides (으)면?

Yes, there are, but (으)면 is the most common and versatile for A2 learners. Other forms like -다면 (if [hypothetical/reported]) or -아/어야 (only if/must) exist, but (으)면 covers most general conditional situations.

Q

How do I form a negative conditional using (으)면?

To make a negative conditional, you simply make the verb or adjective negative *before* attaching (으)면. For example, 안 오면 (if it doesn't come), 먹지 않으면 (if you don't eat), or 없으면 (if there isn't/you don't have).

Cultural Context

These two patterns, -고 나서 and (으)면, are deeply embedded in daily Korean communication. You'll hear -고 나서 frequently in instructions, recipes, and when people describe their plans, emphasizing the step-by-step nature of tasks. Its use reflects a culture that often values clear sequence and thoroughness.
Similarly, (으)면 is ubiquitous in everyday conversations, from making polite suggestions (
피곤하면 쉬세요
- "If you're tired, please rest") to discussing plans or predicting outcomes. It's a cornerstone of logical thought expression in Korean, essential for navigating social interactions and understanding cause-and-effect relationships. Mastering them helps you sound more natural and precise.

重要な例文 (6)

1

밥을 먹고 나서 이를 닦아요.

ご飯を食べてから歯を磨きます。

-고 나서 で動作を完了する（〜してから）
2

숙제를 다 하고 나서 넷플릭스를 볼 거야.

宿題を全部やってから、ネットフリックスを見るんだ。

-고 나서 で動作を完了する（〜してから）
3

숙제를 다 하고 나서 게임을 했어요.

宿題を全部してからゲームをしました。

〜した後に (고 나서)
4

우버를 부르고 나서 밖으로 나갔어요.

ウーバーを呼んでから外に出ました。

〜した後に (고 나서)
5

돈이 `있으면` 이 가방을 사고 싶어요.

お金があれば、このバッグを買いたいです。

もし〜なら・〜のとき：(으)면 語尾
6

유튜브를 `보면` 시간이 정말 빨리 가요.

YouTubeを見ると、時間が本当に早く過ぎます。

もし〜なら・〜のとき：(으)면 語尾

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

「チェックマーク」をイメージして！

最初の動詞の後に、頭の中で ✅ を入れるイメージです。 숙제하고 (✅) 나서 놀아요。チェックが入れられるなら -고 나서 がぴったりです。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: -고 나서 で動作を完了する（〜してから）
🎯

「全部」をセットで！

「다」（全部）や「끝나다」（終わる）を前に置くと、よりやりきった感が出て自然ですよ。«숙제를 다 하고 나서 놀아요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜した後に (고 나서)
💡

「とき」か「もし」か？

韓国語では「もし」と「とき」を厳密に区別しません。文脈で判断しますが、太陽が昇るような確実なことなら「とき」と訳すと自然です。 «내일 해가 뜨면 산책하러 가요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「もし〜なら」：韓国語の条件法 (면/으면)
🎯

『If』か『When』か迷ったら？

韓国語では、宝くじのような「もしも」の話も、週末のような「必ず来る」時の話も、どちらも「(으)면」を使います。例えば「週末になったら会いましょう」は： «주말이 되면 우리 만나요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: もし〜なら・〜のとき：(으)면 語尾

重要な語彙 (6)

숙제(sukje) homework 끝나다(kkeutnada) to finish 비가 오다(biga oda) to rain 만나다(mannada) to meet 시간이 있다(sigani itda) to have time 요리하다(yorihada) to cook

Real-World Preview

calendar

Weekend Planning

Review Summary

  • Verb + -고 나서
  • Verb/Adj + -(으)면

よくある間違い

You used a sequence connector instead of a conditional. Use (으)면 for 'if'.

Wrong: 비가 오고 나서 집에 갈 거예요. (If it rains, I will go home.)
正解: 비가 오면 집에 갈 거예요. (If it rains, I will go home.)

Don't forget the object marker '를' for natural flow.

Wrong: 숙제하고 나서 먹어요. (I eat after doing homework.)
正解: 숙제를 하고 나서 먹어요. (I eat after doing homework.)

The grammar is -고 나서, not the other way around.

Wrong: 먹으면 나서 갈 거예요.
正解: 먹고 나서 갈 거예요.

Next Steps

You've successfully mastered the logic of Korean sentences! Keep practicing these structures in your daily life, and you'll be speaking fluently in no time.

Write a 5-sentence plan for tomorrow using -고 나서 and (으)면.

Continue to: Wants, Abilities, and Goals

クイック練習 (9)

「行く（가다）」の正しい形を使って空欄を埋めてください。

집에 ___ 손을 씻어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 가고 나서
基本の語幹「가」に「고 나서」を付けて、家に帰ってから手を洗うという順番を表します。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜した後に (고 나서)

活用が間違っている部分を見つけて直してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

한국에 살으면 한국말을 잘 해요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 한국에 살면 한국말을 잘 해요.
「살다」のように『ㄹ』パッチムで終わる動詞は、「으」を入れずに「면」だけを付けます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: もし〜なら・〜のとき：(으)면 語尾

文法的に正しい文章を選んでください。

正しい条件文を選んでください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 책을 읽으면 재미있어요.
「읽다」はパッチムで終わるので、「으면」を使うのが正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: もし〜なら・〜のとき：(으)면 語尾

「가다」（行く）の正しい形を空欄に入れてください。

학교에 ____ 친구를 만나요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 가면
「가다」は母音で終わるので、そのまま「면」を付けます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: もし〜なら・〜のとき：(으)면 語尾

完了した順番を自然に表している文はどれですか？

一番自然な文を選んでください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 밥을 먹고 나서 양치를 해요.
「고 나서」を使うことで、食事をしっかり終えてから歯を磨くというニュアンスがはっきり伝わります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜した後に (고 나서)

「仕事を終えてから友達に会いました」と正しく言っているのはどれ？

自然な韓国語を選んでください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 일을 끝내고 나서 친구를 만났어요.
1番目が正解です。2番目は前の動詞を過去形にしてしまっています。3番目は順序ではなく理由（終わったので）という意味になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: -고 나서 で動作を完了する（〜してから）

文の中の間違いを見つけて直してください。

숙제를 했고 나서 티비를 봤어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 숙제를 하고 나서 티비를 봤어요.
「고 나서」の前に過去形（했）は使えません。基本の語幹（하）を使いましょう。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜した後に (고 나서)

次の文章の間違いを見つけてください。

영화를 봤고 나서 커피를 마셨어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 봤고 → 보고
-고 나서 の前には過去形 (았/었) を使いません。語幹そのままの 보고 にする必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: -고 나서 で動作を完了する（〜してから）

「手を洗ってから、ご飯を食べます」という意味になるように文を完成させてください。

손을 ___ 밥을 먹어요. (씻다 - 洗う)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 씻고 나서
「洗った後に」という順序を表したいので、語幹 씻 に 고 나서 を付けた 씻고 나서 が正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: -고 나서 で動作を完了する（〜してから）

Score: /9

よくある質問 (6)

とても似ていますが、 -(으)ㄴ 후에 は「〜した時間」という名詞的なニュアンスで少し硬めです。 -고 나서 は「動作を終える」という動きにフォーカスしています。会話では -고 나서 がよりダイナミックに聞こえます。
基本的には使えません。「可愛くなってから〜する」のように状態が終わることはないからです。状態を表す場合は 부자가 된 후에 (金持ちになった後で) のように -(으)ㄴ 후에 を使いましょう。
「〜してから」という意味です。最初のアクションが完全に終わってから、次のアクションが始まることを強調します。«밥을 먹고 나서 공부해요.»
いいえ、基本的には動詞にしか使いません。形容詞の場合は「-아/어서」や「-고」を使うのが一般的です。«예쁘고 나서» とは言いません。
면は一般的な条件全般に使えます。거둔は会話で「もし〜なら（こうして）」と提案や命令に続くことが多いです。 «얼음이 녹으면 물이 돼요.» のような自然の摂理に거둔は使いません。
いいえ、使えません。過去の出来事には «~었을 때» を使います。면はこれから起こる可能性や、繰り返される習慣に使います。
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