A2 · 初中級 チャプター 7

Wants, Abilities, and Goals

7 トータルルール
77 例文
5 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of expressing your personal desires, capabilities, and intentions in natural Korean.

  • Express your heartfelt wishes using the '-고 싶다' pattern.
  • Describe your skills and limitations with '-(으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다'.
  • Explain your purpose for travel or actions using '-(으)러' and '-(으)려고'.
Speak your mind and share your journey in Korean.

学べること

Hey Korean learner! Ready to level up your conversations? You've got the basics down, and now it's time to make your Korean sound much more natural and expressive. This chapter is exactly what you need! In this section, you'll learn how to talk about your desires and what you want to do. With the '-고 싶다' grammar (meaning 'I want to...'), you can easily turn any action verb into a heartfelt wish. Imagine you're at a restaurant and want to say, 'I want to eat kimchi,' or planning with friends, 'I want to go to that band's concert.' See how easily you can convey your feelings? Next, we'll dive into expressing what you 'can' or 'cannot' do. Using the (으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다 pattern, you can articulate your abilities. For example, 'I can speak Korean' or 'I can't play this game.' These phrases are incredibly useful for introducing yourself, asking for help, or politely declining something in daily situations. Finally, we'll tackle purpose and intention. With the (으)러 가다/오다 grammar (meaning 'to go/come to do something') and (으)려고 (meaning 'intending to...'), you'll learn to explain why you're going somewhere or why you're doing something. For instance, 'I'm going to the market to shop' or 'I intend to study Korean.' These patterns help you show your thought process within sentences, making your conversations much richer. By the end of this chapter, you'll confidently be able to say what you want, what you're capable of, and what your purpose is behind your actions. Your conversations will gain so much life, and you'll be able to express your desires and abilities in Korean more easily in various situations. Ready? Let's go!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Express personal wants and abilities in a travel context.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Welcome, Korean language learner, to a pivotal chapter that will significantly enhance your conversational abilities! This guide is designed for A2 Korean grammar students ready to move beyond basic sentences and express themselves more naturally. In this section, we'll unlock the secrets to talking about your wants, abilities, and goals – crucial elements for engaging in everyday conversations.
Mastering these patterns will allow you to articulate desires like
I want to eat,
state your capabilities such as
I can speak Korean,
and explain your intentions, like "I'm going to the library to study." This isn't just about memorizing rules; it's about gaining fluency and confidence in real-world scenarios.
Understanding these Korean grammar structures is essential for anyone aiming to sound more like a native speaker. They are frequently used in daily interactions, from ordering food to making plans with friends or explaining your actions. By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to express a much wider range of thoughts and feelings, making your Korean language learning journey even more rewarding.
Get ready to transform your basic sentences into rich, expressive statements that truly reflect what you mean. Let's dive into these fundamental A2 Korean expressions!

How This Grammar Works

This chapter introduces three core Korean grammar concepts that will dramatically expand your conversational range. First, expressing desires is made simple with the -고 싶다 pattern, meaning 'I want to do...'. You attach -고 싶다 directly to the stem of an action verb.
For example, if the verb is 먹다 (to eat), it becomes 먹고 싶다 (I want to eat). If it's 가다 (to go), it's 가고 싶다 (I want to go). This is straightforward and widely applicable.
Next, we tackle abilities using the (으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다 pattern, meaning 'can' or 'cannot'. This structure is attached to a verb stem. If the verb stem ends in a vowel, you add -ㄹ 수 있다/없다.
For example, 하다 (to do) becomes 할 수 있다 (can do). If the verb stem ends in a consonant, you add -을 수 있다/없다. For instance, 읽다 (to read) becomes 읽을 수 있다 (can read).
Similarly, 할 수 없다 means 'cannot do' and 읽을 수 없다 means 'cannot read'.
Finally, we explore expressing purpose and intention. The (으)러 가다/오다 grammar indicates 'to go/come to do something'. You attach -러 to a verb stem ending in a vowel (e.g., 보러 가다 - to go to see) and -으러 to a verb stem ending in a consonant (e.g., 먹으러 오다 - to come to eat).
This is always paired with a verb of movement like 가다 (to go) or 오다 (to come). For general intention, we use (으)려고, meaning 'intending to...'. Like the ability pattern, if the verb stem ends in a vowel, you add -려고 (e.g., 보려고 - intending to see), and if it ends in a consonant, you add -으려고 (e.g., 먹으려고 - intending to eat).
This pattern can stand alone or be followed by another clause. Mastering these A2 Korean grammar points will significantly improve your expressive power.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 저는 커피 싶어요. (I coffee want.)
✓ Correct: 저는 커피를 마시고 싶어요. (I want to drink coffee.)
*Explanation:* The -고 싶다 pattern attaches to a verb stem. You cannot attach it directly to a noun. You need to use an appropriate action verb like 마시다 (to drink) or 가지다 (to have).
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 한국어를 말 수 있어요. (I can speak Korean.)
✓ Correct: 한국어를 말할 수 있어요. (I can speak Korean.)
*Explanation:* When using (으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다, if the verb stem ends in a vowel (like 말하- from 말하다), you must use -ㄹ 수 있다/없다. Don't forget the ㄹ!
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 공부하려고 도서관에 가요. (I go to the library intending to study.) - grammatically okay but less natural for purpose of movement
✓ Correct: 공부하러 도서관에 가요. (I go to the library to study.)
*Explanation:* While (으)려고 expresses intention, (으)러 가다/오다 is specifically used when the purpose is directly tied to the action of going or coming. (으)러 is more natural for explaining the reason for movement.

Real Conversations

A

A

오늘 저녁에 뭐 먹고 싶어요? (What do you want to eat for dinner tonight?)
B

B

음... 비빔밥 먹고 싶어요! (Hmm... I want to eat bibimbap!)
A

A

한국어 할 수 있어요? (Can you speak Korean?)
B

B

네, 조금 할 수 있어요. (Yes, I can speak a little.)
A

A

지금 어디 가요? (Where are you going now?)
B

B

책을 빌리러 도서관에 가요. (I'm going to the library to borrow a book.)

Quick FAQ

Q

How is -고 싶다 different from just saying I want [noun] in Korean?

-고 싶다 specifically expresses the desire to *perform an action* (e.g., 먹고 싶다 -

I want to *eat*
). To say I want [noun], you typically use (을/를) 원하다 or simply state the noun with (을/를) 가지고 싶다 (I want to have [noun]), but -고 싶다 is strictly for verbs.

Q

Can (으)ㄹ 수 있다 be used to express possibility in general, not just personal ability?

Yes, (으)ㄹ 수 있다 can also indicate general possibility or feasibility. For example, 내일 비가 올 수 있어요 (It might rain tomorrow / It's possible it will rain tomorrow). This expands its use beyond just what *you* can do.

Q

What's the main difference between (으)러 가다/오다 and (으)려고?

(으)러 가다/오다 is specifically used to state the *purpose of going or coming* to a location (e.g., 커피 마시러 카페에 가요 - I go to the cafe *to drink coffee*). (으)려고 expresses a broader intention or plan, which doesn't necessarily involve movement (e.g., 한국어를 공부하려고 노력해요 - I try *to study Korean*).

Cultural Context

In Korean culture, directly stating I want with -고 싶다 is common and perfectly polite. However, when offering something or making suggestions, it's often softened. For abilities, (으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다 is frequently used for self-introduction or when politely declining.
The purpose expressions (으)러 가다/오다 and (으)려고 are integral to daily conversation, providing clarity on one's actions or plans, making interactions smooth and understandable.

重要な例文 (8)

1

주말에 영화 보고 싶어요.

週末に映画を見たいです。

-고 싶다 (〜したい): 自分の願望を表現する
2

아이스 아메리카노 마시고 싶어.

アイスアメリカーノが飲みたいな。

-고 싶다 (〜したい): 自分の願望を表現する
3

한국에 가고 싶어요.

韓国に行きたいです。

「〜したい」の表現：~고 싶다 パターン
4

지금 떡볶이 먹고 싶어.

今トッポギ食べたい。

「〜したい」の表現：~고 싶다 パターン
5

지금 통화할 수 있어?

今、電話できる？

〜できる・できない ((으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다)
6

매운 음식을 먹을 수 있어요?

辛い食べ物は食べられますか？

〜できる・できない ((으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다)
7

내일 파티에 갈 수 없어요.

明日のパーティーには行けません。

韓国語の「〜できる・できない」：ㄹ/을 수 있다/없다 の使い方
8

저는 한국어를 조금 할 수 있습니다.

私は韓国語が少しできます。

韓国語の「〜できる・できない」：ㄹ/을 수 있다/없다 の使い方

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

「会いたい」の定番フレーズ

보고 싶다 は直訳すると「見たい」ですが、韓国では「会いたい」「寂しい」という意味で一番よく使われる表現です。 «너무 보고 싶다.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: -고 싶다 (〜したい): 自分の願望を表現する
🎯

「会いたい」の裏技

韓国語には「寂しくて会いたい」という専用の動詞はありません。代わりに「見たい」という意味の «보고 싶어» を使います。これが一番自然な「会いたい」の伝え方ですよ。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「〜したい」の表現：~고 싶다 パターン
⚠️

スペースに注意！

「수」は「方法」という意味の名詞なので、必ず前にスペースを入れます。«할 수 있다» と書きましょう。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜できる・できない ((으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다)
⚠️

スペースを忘れずに！

「수」の直前には必ずスペースを入れましょう。«할수있어요» とくっつけて書くのは間違いなので、«할 수 있어요» と書いてくださいね。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 韓国語の「〜できる・できない」：ㄹ/을 수 있다/없다 の使い方

重要な語彙 (5)

먹다 (meokda) to eat 가다 (gada) to go 한국어 (hangugeo) Korean language 배우다 (baeuda) to learn 수영하다 (suyeonghada) to swim

Real-World Preview

coffee

Planning a Weekend

Review Summary

  • Verb stem + -고 싶다
  • Verb stem + (으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다
  • Verb stem + (으)러 가다/오다
  • Verb stem + (으)려고 하다

よくある間違い

Confusing desire (-고 싶다) with ability (-(으)ㄹ 수 있다).

Wrong: 저는 한국어를 말하고 싶어요 (I want to speak Korean - grammatically okay, but contextually awkward if you mean 'I can speak')
正解: 저는 한국어를 말할 수 있어요

Using intention (-(으)려고) instead of purpose (-(으)러) with movement verbs.

Wrong: 공부하려고 가요
正解: 공부하러 가요

Using the 3rd person form (-고 싶어하다) for yourself.

Wrong: 먹고 싶어해요
正解: 먹고 싶어요

このチャプターのルール (7)

1

-고 싶다 (〜したい): 自分の願望を表現する

A2
動詞の「다」を捨てて「-고 싶다」を合体させるだけで、あなたの「〜したい」という願いを伝えられます。 «-고 싶다» を使って表現の幅を広げましょう！
주말에 영화 보고 싶어요.
12 例文
2

「〜したい」の表現：~고 싶다 パターン

A2
動詞の語幹に «~고 싶다» をつけるだけで、あなたの「やりたいこと」が伝えられます。 «먹고 싶다»（食べたい）や «가고 싶다»（行きたい）のように使ってみましょう！
한국에 가고 싶어요.
12 例文
3

〜できる・できない ((으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다)

A2
「できる」は «(으)ㄹ 수 있다»、「できない」は «(으)ㄹ 수 없다» を使って表現します！
지금 통화할 수 있어?
11 例文
4

韓国語の「〜できる・できない」：ㄹ/을 수 있다/없다 の使い方

A2
「できる・できない」を伝えたいときは、動詞に «ㄹ/을 수 있다/없다» をセットするだけでOKです！
내일 파티에 갈 수 없어요.
10 例文
5

～しに行く・来る：(으)러

A2
どこかに何かを「しに行く・来る」と言いたい時は、目的の動詞に «(으)러» をつけて、最後に «가다» や «오다» を添えればバッチリです。
Chingu mannareo kape-e gayo.
10 例文
6

〜しに行く・来る (-(으)러 가다/오다)

A2
移動の「目的」をはっきり伝えたい時に使う便利なセットです。「러」や「으러」で理由を言ってから、«가다»（行く）や «오다»（来る）で締めくくりましょう。
친구를 만나러 카페에 가요.
11 例文
7

〜しようと思って (으)려고

A2
自分の「〜するつもり」「〜するために」という個人的な目標を伝える魔法の言葉です。«(으)려고» を使って、あなたの行動の理由をシェアしましょう！
한국 친구랑 이야기하려고 한국어를 배워요.
11 例文

Next Steps

You've leveled up! Use these new patterns to connect with Korean speakers and share your world. See you in the next chapter!

Write 5 sentences about what you can do and what you want to do this weekend.

Continue to: Life Experiences and Trying Things

クイック練習 (10)

「食べに行きました」という正しい文章を選んでください。

正しい文章はどれ？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 밥 먹으러 갔어요.
「먹」はパッチムがあるので「으러」を使います。また、目的の部分を過去形にしてはいけません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ～しに行く・来る：(으)러

「읽다」（読む）を正しい形に変えて空欄を埋めてください。

책을 ____ 도서관에 갔어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 읽으려고
「읽다」にはパッチムがあるので、「으려고」を付けて意図を表します。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜しようと思って (으)려고

「듣다」（聞く）を使って文章を完成させてください。

음악을 ___ 수 있어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 들을
듣다はㄷ変則動詞です。ㄷがㄹに変わり、パッチムがあるので「을」を付けます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 韓国語の「〜できる・できない」：ㄹ/을 수 있다/없다 の使い方

「行けません」という正しい否定文を選んでください。

正しい否定形はどれ？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 갈 수 없어요.
「가다」は母音で終わるので、パッチム「ㄹ」を直接付けて「갈 수 없어요」になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜できる・できない ((으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다)

スペースの間違いを見つけて直してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

오늘 만날수 없어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 오늘 만날 수 없어요.
「수」は名詞なので、その前には必ずスペースが必要です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 韓国語の「〜できる・できない」：ㄹ/을 수 있다/없다 の使い方

この文章の間違いを見つけて直してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

저는 영화를 보 싶어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 저는 영화를 보고 싶어요.
語幹 '보' の後には必ず '고' を入れる必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「〜したい」の表現：~고 싶다 パターン

文章の中の間違いを見つけて直してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

친구를 만드려고 파티에 갔어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 만들려고
「만들다」のような「ㄹ」変則の動詞は、語幹にそのまま「려고」を付けます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜しようと思って (으)려고

友達について話す時、正しいのはどれですか？

「ミンジは行きたがっています」を韓国語で言うと？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 민지는 가고 싶어해요.
主語が第三者（ミンジ）の時は、 '고 싶어하다' を使わなければなりません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「〜したい」の表現：~고 싶다 パターン

「사다（買う）」を正しく活用して、空欄を埋めてください。

저는 우유를 ___ 편의점에 가요. (私は牛乳を買いにコンビニに行きます。)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 사러
語幹の「사」は母音で終わっているので、「러」をつけます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ～しに行く・来る：(으)러

文法的に正しい文章はどれですか？

正しい文を選んでください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 커피를 마시려고 카페에 갔어요.
1番は命令形なのでNG、3番は過去形が混ざっているので間違いです。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜しようと思って (으)려고

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

いいえ、名詞には直接使えません。「水を飲みたい」のように動詞とセットにします。 «물을 마시고 싶어요.»
肯定文と全く同じ形で、語尾を上げて発音するだけです。 «가고 싶어요?» (行きたいですか？)
いいえ、«고 싶다» は動詞にしかつきません。「コーヒーが欲しい」なら «커피 마시고 싶어요» (コーヒーを飲みたい) と言いましょう。
どちらも使われます！ «싶다» が形容詞の性質を持つため、 «커피가 마시고 싶어요» のように «이/가» を使うことも多いですよ。
「못 해요」は会話でよく使われ、主観的な理由や妨げがある感じがします。「할 수 없어요」はより客観的で、可能性がないことを強調します。
はい！「써도 돼요?」が標準的ですが、「쓸 수 있어요?」も「利用可能ですか？」という意味でよく使われます。
前のチャプター
Conditions and Step-by-Step Actions
次のチャプター
Life Experiences and Trying Things
ロードマップに戻る